USA > Pennsylvania > The Pennsylvania-German in the Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 > Part 12
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THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY.
GEN. ANTHONY WAYNE.
B. EASTTOWN, PA., JAN. 1. 1745 D. PRESQUE ISLE, DEC. 16, 1796.
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at 12 o'clock at night, the Enemy marched out, and so unguarded was our Camp that they were amongst us before we either formed in any manner for our safety, or attempted to retreat, notwithstanding the General had full intelligence of their designs two hours before they came out. I will inform you in a few words of what happened. The annals of the age cannot produce such a scene of butchery. All was confusion. The enemy amongst us, and your Regiment the most exposed, as the Enemy came on the right wing. The Ist Regiment (which always takes the right) was taken off, and posted in a strip of woods, stood only one fire and retreated. Then we were next the Enemy, and, as we were amongst our fires, they had great advantage of us. I need not go on to give the particulars, but the Enemy rushed on, with fixed bayonets, and made the use of them they in- tended. So you may figure to yourself what followed. The party lost 300 Privates in killed, wounded and missing, besides commissioned and non-commissioned of- ficers. Our loss is Col. Grier, Captain Wilson and Lieu- tenant Irvine [who received seventeen bayonet stabs, from which he never entirely recovered .- Ed.] wounded (but none of them dangerously), and 61 non-comma and pri- vates killed and wounded, which was just half the men we had on the ground fit for duty. The 224, I went to the ground to see the wounded. The scene was shocking- the poor men groaning under their wounds, which were all by stabs of Bayoncts, and cuts of Light-horsemen's swords. Col. Grier is wounded in the side by a bayonet, superficially slanting to the breast bone. Captain Wilson stabbed in the side, but not dangerous, as it did not take the guts or belly. He got also a bad stroke on the head with the cock-nail of the lock of a musket. Andrew
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Irvine was ran through the fleshy part of the thigh with a bayonet. They are all laying near David Jones' tavern. I left Capt. McDowell with them to dress and take care of them, and they all are in a fair way of recovery. Major La Mar, of the 4th Regiment, was killed, and some other inferior officers. .
At Monmouth, the Seventh Pennsylvania was one of the three Pennsylvania regiments selected for the post of honor.
After the revolt of the Pennsylvania Line, in 1781, the remains of the regiment were drafted into the Fourth, subsequently the Fourth into the Third, and, finally, in 1783, into the First.
EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
Under authority of a resolution of Congress, dated July 15, 1776, for the defense of the western frontier, to garrison the posts of Presqu' Isle, Le Boeuff and Kit- taning, to consist of seven companies from Westmoreland, and one from Bedford county, the Eighth Pennsylvania was raised. Its first colonel was Aeneas Mackey, July 20, 1776, who died in service February 14, 1777, and was succeeded by Col. Daniel Broadhead.
It contained a very small number of Pennsylvania- Germans, so small as not to warrant the insertion of its interesting services.
NINTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
The Ninth regiment was organized October 25, 1776, in accordance with a resolution of Congress dated Septen- ber 16, under Col. James Irvine, who was transferred to the Second Pennsylvania March 12, 1777, when Lieut. Col. George Nagel succeeded him, serving until Febru-
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ary 17, 1778, when made colonel of the Tenth Pennsyl- vania. Col. Richard Butler then took command.
Under Col. Nagel it was a part of Conway's brigade of Lord Stirling's division, under command of Gen. Sullivan, and did its full duty at Brandywine and elsewhere.
In 1778-9, under Col. Butler, it formed a part of the Second brigade of Wayne's division, and, later, of the Second brigade, Gen. William Irvine, in St. Clair's division.
It took a prominent share in the capture of Stony Point. Lieut. George Knox led the forlorn hope of the right column in the assault, and was the second man inside of the works, for which he received four hundred dollars; this he directed to be distributed amongst his men; for his gallantry he was breveted Captain, by resolution of Congress.
After the revolt in the Pennsylvania Line, in 1781, the Ninth Pennsylvania was pretty generally reënlisted, under their old colonel and his captains, into the Fifth Penn- sylvania.
Of the couple company rolls in existence that of Capt. John Davis shows quite a number of Pennsylvania-Ger- mans. Out of the total number given a percentage of some fifteen is indicated as of German blood.
TENTII PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
The Tenth Pennsylvania was also raised under the reso- lution of Congress of September 16, 1776. During its entire service it was in the brigades and division com- manded by Gen. Wayne.
Its first active head was Lieut. Col. Adam Hubley, then Col. George Nagel, February 7, 1778-July 1, 1778, then Col. Richard Humpton.
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A regimental return, of November 1, 1777, gives, besides some other details, the following account of casualties :
Taken at Bound Brook, April 13, rank and file. . 15 Taken at Princeton. 7
Missing at the battle at Brandywine, Paoli and
Germantown, etc. 38
Total 60
The lists in existence, of various companies, indicate a considerable number of Pennsylvania-Germans in each of then. About twenty to twenty-five per cent. of the entire regiment were Pennsylvania-Germans.
ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT. (The "Old Eleventh.")
This regiment came into existence by resolution of Con- gress September 16, 1776. Its colonel was Richard Humpton. Its service lasted from October, 1776, to July 1, 1778, during which it was continually attached to Gen. Wayne's division. It lost very heavily at the battle of Brandywine, and, on the date last named, was incorporated with the Tenth Pennsylvania.
About ten per cent. of its members were Pennsylvania- Germans.
TWELFTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
Congress authorized this regiment to be raised in the counties of Northampton and Northumberland. Its or- ganization began October 1, 1776.
The greater part of the regiment was recruited upon the West Branch of the Susquehanna. On December 18
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it left Sunbury, in boats, for the battle-fields of New Jersey. Being composed of good riflemen and scouts, it was detailed on picket and skirmish duty. Its colonel was William Cooke. With the Third, Sixth, and Ninth Pennsylvania regiments, it was in Conway's brigade of Lord Stirling's division. Its headquarters were at the five cross-roads at Metuchin, between Quibbletown and Amboy, where its companies were engaged in the various skirmishes which there took place; at Bound Brook, April 12, 1777; Piscataway, May 10, where Joseph Lorentz, and twenty-one others, were made prisoners by the British, Wendell Lorentz making his escape by running in among a flock of sheep; at Short Hills, June 26, and Bonhamton. In June Col. Daniel Morgan's rifle connnand was formed, and a detachment from the Twelfth Pennsylvania, under Capt. Hawkins Boone, placed in it.
In the battle of Brandywine the Twelfth was under Sullivan, at the Birmingham Meeting House, where it lost heavily. At Germantown, Conway's brigade led the at- tack on the left wing of the British, and the regiment was in the hottest of the fight, again losing heavily. It wintered at Valley Forge, and its remnant was nearly destroyed at Monmouth. By July 1, 1778, it was in- corporated into the Third Pennsylvania.
Its rolls are very few in number, but the meager data in existence would indicate that about ten to fifteen per cent. of its members were Pennsylvania-Germans.
THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
It will be recalled that the remnant of Miles' Rifle Regiment and Atlee's Musketry Battalion were incorpo- rated into the State Regiment of Foot. With the reorgan- ization of the army these brave men were taken, Novem-
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ber, 1777, by resolution of Congress into the Continental service as the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Regiment, under command of Col. Walter Stewart.
It was attached to the command of Gen. Sullivan at both Brandywine and Germantown, and, in the latter en- gagement, penetrated to the Market House. At Mon- mouth it was one of the three Pennsylvania regiments which was given the post of honor and danger, by Gen Wayne.
By July 1, 1778, the Thirteenth was incorporated into the Second Pennsylvania, the term of enlistment of its original meinbers having expired.
From the origin of this command it is evident that it contained many Pennsylvania-Germans, but its rolls are so utterly lacking that it would be impossible to attempt to fix upon any definite percentage.
ADDITIONAL REGIMENTS.
On December 27, 1776, Congress authorized Gen. Washington to raise sixteen battalions of infantry in ad- dition to those already voted. On January 11, 1777, Washington issued commissions and authority to raise two of these regiments, to Lieut. Col. Thomas Hartley, of the Seventh Pennsylvania, and Alajor John Patton, of Miles' Rifle Regiment.
COL. THOMAS HARTLEY'S REGIMENT.
Hartley's regiment was in Wayne's First brigade at Brandywine and Germantown. It was ordered to Sun- bury, about July 14, 1778, and remained in service on the West Branch until incorporated with the new Eleventh, on January 13, 1779.
Practically no rolls of this command are in existence.
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It seems to have contained a very small percentage of Pennsylvania-Germans.
COL. JOIN PATTON'S REGIMENT.
Probably a number of its men were recruited from New Jersey and Delaware. Practically no records exist con- cerning it. It was merged into the new Eleventh on Jan- uary 13, 1779.
ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT. (The "New Eleventh.")
The new Eleventh came into existence, as already stated, on January 13, 1779, and was commanded by Lieut. Col. Adam Hubley. It went out of service January 13, 1781, with the reorganization which then took place.
It was attached to the western army of Gen. Sullivan, an account of which will be given later.
About eight or nine per cent. of its members were Penn- sylvania-Germans.
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CHAPTER IX.
THE GERMAN REGIMENT.
S its name implies this regi- ment was composed en- tirely of Pennsylvania-Germans. It was first under the command of Col. Nicholas Haussegger, who, after the battle of Mon- mouth, returned to his farm, near Lebanon, Pa., and was succeeded by Ficat. Col. Ludwig Weltner. Wappen von Bayern. The regiment was engaged both at 'Trenton and Princeton. In May, 1777, it was attached to De Barre's brigade, Sullivan's division, and took part in all the operations of that division, a narrative of which has already been given. In 1779 it was a part of Sullivan's expedition against the Indians, a more detailed record of which will be given in a succeeding chapter. In the spring of 1780 it was stationed on the frontiers of Northumberland county. By resolution of Congress the regiment was reduced in Oc- tober, and ended its organization January 1, 1781.
The following orders given Major Burchardt, by Gen. Hand, are interesting as showing its movements while on
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the way to Wyoming, also those of Armand's and Schott's Corps :
" MINISINK, 5th April, 1779.
"Sir: Agreeable to the orders you yesterday reca, you will proceed to Wyoming, on the Susquehanna River, with the Regiment under your Immediate Command, Col. Armand's and Capt. Schott's corps, the former is com- manded at present by Major Lomaign & the latter by Capt" Selin. These corps will join you at or before you reach Col. Stroud's, at Fort Penn ( site of Stroudsburg- Ed.) as you will see by their Orders, left open for your perusal, & which you will have delivered. You must take with you from here all the flour now left in store, and Beef sufficient to carry the Detachment thro' to Wyoming; you will receive an additional supply of Flour at Col. Stroud's. Take care that each corps takes with them the provisions they have respectively drawn. You will re- ceive a few Camp Kettles for the Detachment at Col. Stroud's, and may draw 20 Axes for your Regiment, 6 for Armand's & 3 for Schott's here.
"It will take you four days from Col. Stroud's to Wyoming; you will, therefore, regulate your Provision accordingly. Capt" Alex' Patterson, A. D. Q. M., will send express to Col. Zebulon Butler, commanding at Wyoming, with notice of your approach. From Fort Penn you will march to Lardner's; thence to an Incamp- ing Place in what is Commonley cal'd the Great Swamp; the third day to Bullock's, which is within five miles of Wyoming Garrison, where for the present you will put yourself under Col. Butler's directions.
"I am thus Particular, as It will be necessary to make easie marches in order to reconnoitre the Country well and examine every thicket & hollow way, or swamp, be-
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fore you enter it, which I desire you may be very par- tieular in doing to prevent being Surprised or led into an Ambuscade or attack'd without previous knowledge of the Enemy's being near. You will be particularly at- tentive to keep the Body of the Troops compact. Suffer no straggling on any account; keep a proper advance & rear Guard, tho' not at too great a distance, and also small parties on your Flanks, observing the same caution. Should any enemy appear, you must take eare not to ad- vance on them precipitately before you know their num- bers, or until you have sufficiently extended your front to prevent being out-Flanked.
"By a steady adherence to the above directions, you will have little danger to apprehend-double your at- tention as you approach the Fort. As the badness of the Roads at present and the scarcity of horses will prevent your carrying your heavy Baggage, you must leave it at Fort Penn with a Guard until you have a more favorable opportunity."
Because of the fact that this one regiment was entirely German the writer feels justified in giving its roster in full, as of September, 1778, in the succeeding chapter.
PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY.
Capt. Thomas Proctor's artillery company originated from a resolution of the Committee of Safety, dated Oc- tober 16, 1775, for raising an artillery company to be placed at Fort Island, to consist of one captain, one lieu- tenant, one drum and fife, and twenty-five privates, to serve the Province twelve months.
Early in April, 1776, while stationed on Fort Island, the company was increased to one hundred and twenty men, and, on August 14, to two hundred men.
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The company, having reenlisted October 30, 1776, re- mained on Fort Island until about December 25, when a portion were ordered to New Jersey and took part in the capture of the Hessians at Trenton, also in the battle of Princeton where Major Proctor captured a brass six- pounder.
On February 6, 1777, it was resolved to increase this force to a full regiment, to the command of which Col.
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Route of Washington
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Assunpink Cr.
TRENTON in 1776.
All.
to Bordentown
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Route of Sullivan
Fulls I.
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DELAWARE
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REFERENCES .- A, Pennington Road; B, Hessian Picket; C, Hand's Rifle Corps; D, Battery opened by Washington on King Street; E, Hessians, who were obliged to surrender at this spot; F, Virginia troops; G, King Street; II, Gen. Dickinson's house; I, Water Street; J, Ferry; K, Blooms- bury; L, Morrisville.
Proctor was assigned, and it then became a part of the Continental service.
It had its first disaster at Bound Brook, N. J., April 13, 1777, where Lieuts. Ferguson and Turnbull were captured, with twenty privates and pieces of artillery.
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At the battle of Brandywine Proctor bravely main- tained his position at Chad's Ford, until the defeat of the right wing forced his retreat, with the loss of some guns and ammunition, the former being recaptured by the infantry.
At Germantown a portion of the regiment was engaged opposite Chew's house.
From its necessarily detached service very little of the detailed history of this body of troops has survived, but detachments from it were engaged in nearly all of the operations of the main army, subsequently, notably at Monmouth and in Sullivan's campaign of 1779. In 1780, part of the regiment, under Major Isaac Craig, were ordered to Fort Pitt, with stores and cannon. They left Carlisle May 23, arriving at their destination on June 25.
The artillery corps contained quite a number of Penn- sylvania-Germans, not less than fifteen per cent. of the whole.
GERMANTOWN DUNKER CHURCH AND PARSONAGE.
an
CHAPTER X.
ROSTER OF THE GERMAN REGIMENT.
COLONEL.
Mappen von 2Inhalt.
H AUSSEGGER, NICHOLAS, from Fourth battalion, July 17, 1776; retired from the army in 1778, and died on his farm near Lebanon, Pa., in. July, 1786.
LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Stricker, George, July 17, 1776. Weltner, Ludwig, from major, April 9, 1777.
MAJORS. Weltner, Ludwig, of Maryland, June 17, 1776; pro- moted lieutenant colonel.
Burchardt, Daniel, from captain, April 9, 1777.
CAPTAINS. Burchardt, Daniel, of Philadelphia, July 8, 1776; pro- moted major, April 7, 1777.
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Hubley, George, of Lancaster, July 8, 1776.
Bunner, Jacob, July 8, 1776; retired January 1, 1781.
Weiser, Benjamin, July 8, 1776; resided after the war at Selinsgrove.
Woelpper, John D., July 17, 1776; transferred to Invalid corps, June 11, 1778.
Boyd, Peter, of Philadelphia, May 9, 1777; from first lieutenant; retired January 1, 178 [.
Rice, Frederick William, from first lieutenant, January 4, 1778; retired January 1, 1781.
Hubley, Bernard, from first lieutenant, February 24, 1778; retired in 1781; brigade inspector of North- umberland county, etc .; in 1807, published his first vol- ume of his History of the Revolution; died in 1808.
CAPTAIN LIEUTENANT.
Shrawder, Philip, February 8, 1778, from lieutenant; re- tired January 1, 1781.
FIRST LIEUTENANTS.
Rowlwagen, Frederick, July 12, 1776.
Boyer, Peter, July 12, 1776; promoted captain, May 9, 1777.
Rice, Frederick William, July 12, 1776; promoted cap- tain, January 4, 1778.
Bower, Jacob, July 12, 1776.
Hubley, Bernard, August 15, 1776; promoted captain, February 24, 1778.
Shrawder, Philip, of Philadelphia, May 13, 1777; pro- moted captain lieutenant, February 8, 1778.
Weidman, John, from first lieutenant, May 14, 1777; retired January 1, 1781; died June 9, 1830, aged seventy-four; buried in Lutheran cemetery, Reading.
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Cremer, Jacob, from second lieutenant, January 8, 1778; retired January 4, 1781.
Swartz, Christopher Godfried, February 12, 1778; re- tired January 1, 1781.
Young, Marcus, March 12, 1778; retired January I, 1781.
SECOND LIEUTENANTS.
Hawbecker, George, July 12, 1776.
Landenberger, John, July 12, 1776.
Schaffer, George, July 12, 1776.
Yeiser, Frederick, July 12, 1776.
Shrawder, Philip, August 12, 1776; promoted second lieutenant, May 13, 1777.
Smith, Adam, resided in Huntingdon county, in 1835, aged eiglity-one.
Cremer, Jacob, from ensign, May 13, 1777; promoted first lieutenant, January 8, 1778.
Swartz, Christopher Godfried, from ensign; promoted first lieutenant.
ENSIGNS.
Weidman, John, July 12, 1776; promoted lieutenant, May 14, 1777.
Helm, Christian, July 12, 1776.
Cremer, Jacob, July 12, 1776; promoted second lieu- tenant, May 15, 1777.
Swartz, Christopher Godfried, July 12, 1776; promoted second lieutenant.
Cleckner, Christian, Philadelphia, July 23, 1778; retired January 1, 1781.
Diffenderfer, David, of Lancaster, July 23, 1778; resided in Lancaster county, in 1832, aged eighty.
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ADJUTANTS.
De Linkensdorf, Lewis, August 9, 1776; formerly lieu- tenant in one of the king of Sardinia's Swiss regiments. Weidman, John, lieutenant, June 20, 1779; captured and exchanged in 1780.
PAYMASTERS.
Michael, Eberhard, 1776-7; died in Lancaster, Pa., July 16, 1778.
Hubley, George, captain, 1778.
Boyer, Peter, captain, June 20, 1779.
QUARTER-MASTERS.
Myle, Jacob, October 24, 1776. Raybold, Jacob, of Maryland, July 24, 1778.
SURGEON.
Peres, Peter, of Philadelphia, September 1, 1778-1781; retired January 1, 1781.
SURGEON'S MATE.
Smith, Alexander, of Maryland.
SERGEANT MAJOR.
Francis, George, Lancaster, December 15, 1777.
SERGEANTS.
Benickler, John, from Thompson's.
Gabriel, Peter, Philadelphia, July 13, 1776; transferred to First Pennsylvania, 1781.
Gleim, Philip, Lancaster; Rice's company, August 7, 1776; wounded at Germantown, through left shoulder. Hauss, Michael, Philadelphia, August 2, 1776; trans- ferred to Invalid corps, 1780.
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Johnston, John, Philadelphia, October 21, 1776.
Linderman, Frederick, August 20, 1776; resided at Lim- erick township, Montgomery county.
Luff, George, Philadelphia, July 10, 1777.
Moser, Henry, Philadelphia, July 10, 1776; died Feb- ruary 21, 1825, aged sixty-eight, at Philadelphia. " Mulls, Francis, 1776 to November 1, 1780; transferred to Invalid corps.
Reichley, Lewis, Philadelphia, August 26, 1776. Shrider, Israel, Philadelphia, November 13, 1779. Weissert, Jacob, Capt. Bunner's company, July 20, 1776. Wentz, Jacob, Philadelphia, July 23, 1776.
Wiand, John, Lancaster, Bunner's company, August 24, 1776.
CORPORALS.
Brownsburgh, Lewis, Germantown, July 14, 1776. Cypril, Frederick, Philadelphia, August 18, 1776. Deal, Adam, July 16, 1776; transferred to Invalid corps, October 16, 1779.
Fesmire, John, Philadelphia, September 4, 1776; died September 2, 1821, in Philadelphia, aged sixty-nine. Funk, George, Reading, October 19, 1776; resided in Lancaster county, 1835, aged eighty-three. Gohoon, James, Berks county, August 6, 1776. Kline, Philip.
Rifferts, Christian, Philadelphia, July 25, 1776; residing in Philadelphia, 1835, aged eighty-five.
Shrider, Philip, Philadelphia, July 20, 1776. Sipperel, Frederick, Philadelphia, August 18, 1776. Wilhelm, Frederick, Lancaster, August 3, 1776; resided in Philadelphia, 1835.
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DRUM MAJOR.
Hart, John, Philadelphia, July 2, 1776.
FIFERS.
Alexander, Joseph, Philadelphia, July 12, 1776.
Brown, John, Philadelphia, November 12, 1779.
Borgignon, Francis, Philadelphia, October 4, 1776.
Fortner, Peter, Philadelphia, May 11, 1779; Burchardt's
company.
PRIVATES.
Baker, Christian, October 12, 1776.
Banig, Dedrick.
Bantzer, Detmar, or Bonsa, Betmire, October 12, 1776; transferred to Second Pennsylvania.
Belcher, Benjamin.
Beyerly, Christopher, Lancaster, enlisted September, 1776.
Bloom, David, Berks county, August 8, 1776; for three years.
Botamer, Jacob, Berks county, August, 1776; of Captain Peter Boyer's company; wounded at Trenton, New Jersey, January, 1777; resided in Westmoreland county, in 1813.
Bowers, George, died November 24, 1827, in Allegheny county, aged sixty-seven.
Briningen, Frederick, Philadelphia, December 29, 1776. Brodbach, Michael, Philadelphia, February 25, 1779.
Brookhaus, Rudolph, August 20, 1776.
Brunner, John, Burchardt's company; Philadelphia; Au- gust 18, 1776. Calhoun, James.
Cantwell, Richard, Boyer's company; deserted November, 1780.
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Carles, Frederick, January 1, 1777.
Casner, Christian, October 20, 1779-1781.
Christman, Charles, July 28, 1776. Clifton, Thomas, died in Ross county, Ohio, September 30, 1832, aged eighty-seven.
Cline, Philip, Germantown, August 18, 1776. Cockendorf, John. Cook, Philip, Philadelphia, September 30, 1776-1781.
Coon, Christian, Lancaster, August 23, 1776.
Coon, John, October 23, 1776.
Coppas, Peter, December 10, 1776.
Copple, Daniel, July 28, 1776.
Crane, John, Baltimore, October 23, 1776. Deetz, Frederick, Philadelphia, July 20, 1776. Deperung, Henry, July 28, 1776.
Dillinger, Frederick, Chester, August 21, 1776.
Dominick, Henry, Philadelphia, October 23, 1776. Donahoo, Robert, October 21, 1776.
Doyle, Maurice, March 3, 1780; deserted.
Drank, Peter.
Drexler, David, October 10, 1776.
Dunkin, James, Capt. Weiser's company; blacksmith; served three years; resided Huntingdon county, 1818, aged sixty-seven.
Eirich, Michael, April 15, 1776-1781. Ferraugh, Michael, Philadelphia, July 20, 1776.
Fleish, Christian, August 15, 1776.
Flock, Matthias, Philadelphia, October 23, 1776. Flowers, Philip, killed October 4, 1777. Gable, Henry, Northampton county; February 26, 1779. Gerhart, Abraham, Philadelphia, 1777-1781. Gerhart, Charles Conrad, Philadelphia, January 20, 1777. Gerlinger, Lewis, July 20, 1776.
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Gruber, George.
Haag, Christian, Philadelphia, October 23, 1776.
Hagar, Andrew, Berks county, December 9, 1776. Halfpenny, James, Philadelphia, December 27, 1776. Hammereich, Henry, July 17, 1776; Bunner's company ; resided in Philadelphia in 1835, aged ninety-four.
Hantzel, George, Philadelphia, October 24, 1776; trans- ferred to Invalid corps.
Hargood, Henry, Lancaster, December 29, 1776.
Harper, Jacob, Philadelphia, August 2, 1776.
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