USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > The Philadelphia Directory, 1828 > Part 37
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Roger Sherman, of Connecticut, also one of the committee of five, apprentice to a shoema- ker, and pursued the business until after he was twenty-two years of age, travelled on foot with his tools, gaining a livelihood, nourished his inind by various reading, kept a country store, turned surveyor, 'applied himself to the law, acquired practice and fame, member of the colonial assembly, member of the Albany con- vention of 1754, judge of the superior court of Connecticut, twenty-three years, member of Congress from the opening of the first in 1774, down to the period of his death, in 1798, of great authority and usefulness, a member of the con- vention that framed the present constitution of the United States, took a considerable and in- fluential part in the debate, a senator in Con- gress, a shrewd and ready writer, a logical de- bater, a model of probity, discretion, and stead- fastness, as much revered as any patriot of the times. His biography is full of instruction, but prolix to tediousness.
Foreign Montes, Weights, and Measures.
General Index of the Foreign Monies, Weights, and Measures referred to in the Consular Reports, with comparisons and explanations. - By Dr. KELLY .
It should be observed, that all the comparisons and explanations of foreign measures are bere computed according to the new British imperial standard, which is about 3 per cent, larger than the Winchester measure, or, more nearly, 31 gallons, bushels, &e of the new, answer to 32 of the old. Hence to reduce imperial measure to Wiochester, add the thirty-first part to the number of gallons, &c .; and for the re- verse operation, subtract the thirty-second part. The contrary calculation must of course, be observed with regard to prices. But these several proportions can be only stated with perfect accuracy in a regular :: catise on Metrology, and as this Index is merely intended to give general illustrations, all minute fractions are omitted.
Alberts Dollar, a money used in Libau and Riga; worth about 48. 6d. sterling.
Alqucire, a coru measure in Portugal, answering to three imperial gallous.
Arroba, a Spanish weight, answering to 23 1-4lbs. avoirdupois,
Barrel, or Tunna, a corn measure in Sweden, an- sivering to 4 1-2 imperial bushels. Barrel is also a
weight for flour in America and weighs'196lbs. avoir- dupuis.
Boisseau, a corn measure in Bordeaux, containing 2 1-2 imperial busbels.
Cent, or Centime, the 100th part of a coin. It is of various values, according to the unit.
Charge, a corn measure at Marseilles, Nice, &c. answering to 4 1-2 imperial bushels
Chetwert, a corn measure in Russia, which con- tains 5 3-4 imperial bushels
Crpec, a Russian money, the 100th part of the rouble.
Dollar, a Spanish coin, and intrinsically worth 4s 3 3-4d., but is generally valued at 4s. 6d. The paper dollar of exchange in Spain is worth 36d. ster- ling, and at Leghorn 48d.
Ducat, a gold coin in Holland, of extensive use in the corn trade, is worth about 93. 4d. sterling. There are various other ducats in different countries, in gold, silver, and paper.
Fanega, a eorn measure in Spain, containing about onc bushel 4 1-2 gallons imperial measure; there are however different sized Fanegas: thus, there are the large, the regular, and the small Fanega, which are to each other as 11, 10, and 9, nearly.
Ferrado, a corn measure at Corunna, about 3 3-4 imperial gallons.
53
Desilver's Almanac.
Florin, a coin and money of account in varions countries. In Holland it is also called the Guilder, and is worth about 21d sterling. It is divided in Hol- land into 20 stivers of 16 ptennings each; but in other countries into 60 Kreutzers. Fls. Gr. means, at Dantzic, Florins and Groschen. The Netherland guilder is divided into 100 cents, and is equal to the florin in exchange.
Franc, a silver coin and nooney of account in France and other places. It is generally valued at 10d. sterling, which is something above its intrinsic value.
Grosche, a money of account in various parts of Germany, and of different values; 24 generaliy make the rixdollar.
Grote, half of a Dutch stiver, and at Hamburg half the sol or sbilling.
Guilder, also called Gulden, a money of Holland. See florin. The gold guilder is much used in the corn
Real, a Spanish money of different values. The trade, and is reckoned worth 28 stivers, or about 30d. . real.Vellon is the most common, and is worth about
sterling.
Guilder Current, a money of the Netherlands, seven of which equal six guilders of exchange.
Halster, a corn measure in the Netherlands, an- swering to about 6 1-2 gallons imperial measure.
Hectolitre, the principal corn measure of France, answering to 2 3-4 imperial bushels.
Killo, a corn measure in Turkey, containing about 7 1-2 imperial gallons.
Kilogramme, the principal weight in France, an- stering to 215. 3oz. 4dr. avoirdupois.
Kreuzer or Creutzer, a small coin and money of account in Germany and other northern nations. In Austria it is at present worth about 7d. sterling.
Last, a large measure for corn in lolland, Germa- ny, &c. varying from 10 to 12 imperial quarters.
Livre, an imaginary money of France and several other countries. It is generally considered of the same value as the franc. In Italy it is called the lira, and is mostly divided into 100 centimes.
Lof, a corn measure in Libau and Riga, contain- ing about 1 7-8 bushel imperial measure.
Malter, a corn measure in many parts of Germany; at Frankfort it answers to four imperial bushels.
Maravedi, a small money of account in Spain, 34 of which make the real or rial.
Metze, a corn measure in Fiume and Trieste, an- swering to 1 3-4 imperial bushel nearly.
Milrea, a money, of account and exchange in Por- tugal, worth about 5s. 7d. sterling.
Mina, a corn measure in Genea, equal to about S bushels 3 gallons imperial measure.
Mudde, a corn measure 10 Holland, answering for- merly to 3 1-4 English bushels; but in the new system of the Netherlands the mudde is reckoned the same as the hectolitre.
Paolo, a moncy of Italy, worth about 5d. sterling.
Peseta, a Spanish silver coin : one-fifth of the hard dollar.
Pezza, the dollar of exchange at Leghorn: worth about 4s. sterling.
Quintal Metrique, a French weight of 100 kile- grammes, answering to 220 1-2 lbs. avoirdupois or 2 cryt. less 3 1-2 lbs.
Quintal, a Spanish weight of 4 arrobas, or 100 Castilian pounds, answering to about 101 1-21bs. avoirdupois. It is also a corn measure at Bordeaux, containing about 2 imperial bushels.
2 1-2d. sterling; 20 such reals make the hard dollar.
Rixdollar, or Thaler, a coin and money of account in most northern nations. It is of different value and variously divided.
Rouble, a money of Russia, which has varied con- siderably in value, viz. from 3s. 2d. down to 9d. ster- ling; 10d. is its present price.
Rubbio, a corn measure in Ancona, answering to nearly an imperial quarter.
Succo, a corn measure of Leghorn, containing about º imperial busbels.
Scudo, an Italian coin, worth about 4s. 4d. sterling.
Setier, a corn measure in France, answering to about 1 1-2 imperial bushel.
Sheffel, a corn measure at Dantzie answering to about 1 1-2 imperial bushel. It varies, however, in several parts of Germany.
Skilling, a division of the rixdollar. In Sweden it is the 4Sth part, and is divided into 12 rundesteeken.
Soma, a corn measure in the Venitian States, an- swering to 2 3-4 imperial bushelsi
Slajo, a corn measure in Italy, of various dimen- sions. In Friuli aud Trieste it answers to about 2-4 imperial bushels.
Stiver, a moncy of Holland, worth nearly 1d. ster- ling. It is 1-20th of the florin or guilder, and is di- vided into 16 pfennings, or 12 deniers,
Gradual change of the Earth's Surface produced by honning Water.
If a small lake or extensive mill-pond, with very uneven bottom, were suddenly emptied by a sluice or opening in its lowest part, a vast number of pits or pools, of various size and shape, would be left among the inequalities of the bottom. But supposing rain to continue falling, or frequently to recur, a remarkable change would soon be effected; each pool by running over at its lowest part, and sending out a streamlet either into another lower pool or into a channel lead- ing directly to the sluice or opening, would be wearing away the part or side over which the water was run- ning, so that the breach or channel would become gra- dually deeper, and the water in the pool would conse- quently become shallower; while at the same time the bottom would be filling up with the sand or mud wash-
ed down by the rain froot the elevations around; and these two operations being continued, the pool would at last disappear altogether. This operation going on in every pool through the whole of the emptied mill- pond, the bottom would at last exhibit only a varied . and undulated surface of dry land, with a beautiful arrangement of ramifying channels, all sloping with a precision unattainable by art, to the general mouth or estuary The reason that in the supposed case, and in every other, a water course soon becomes so singularly uniform as to dimension and descent is, that any pits or hollows in it are soon filled up by the send and mud carried along the stream, and deposited where the cur- reut is slack; while any elevations are worn away by the action of the more rapid current which accompa-
54
Desilver's Almanac.
nies shallowness, until throughout the whole line only a uniform and gradual slope remains.
The present kingdom of Bohemia, for instance, is the bottom of one of the great lakes which once cov- ered Europe. It is a basin or amphitheatre, formed by circular ridges of mountains, and the only gate or opening to it is that remarkable one by which the wa- ter escapes from it, and which has evidently been gra- dually cut or formed by the action of a running stream. As the bottom became uncovered by the sinking of the water, and by the formation of a regular sloping chan- nel from every part, the former lake was converted into a fine and fertile country, a fit habitation for man; and the continucd drain from it is the beautiful river which we now call the Elbe.
In, Switzerland, cven now many of the valleys which were formerly lakes, have the opening for the exit of water so narrow, that, as happened in one of them a few years ago, a mass of snow or ice falling into it, converts the valley once more into a lake. On the occasion alluded to, the accumulation of water within was very rapid; and although, from the danger foreseen to the country below if the impediment should suddenly give way, every means was tried to remove it gradually, the attempt had not succeeded, when the frightful burst took place, and involved all below in common ruin.
The magnificent Danube is the drain, of a chain of basins or lakes, which must at one time have dischar-
ged or run over one into another, but the continued stream cutting a passage at last low cnough to empty them all, they are now regions of fertility, occupied by civilized man, instead of the fishcs which held then formerly. The lake of Gencva, for instance, although confined by granite rock, is cutting and lowering its outlet, and the surface has fallen considerably within the period of accurate observation and records, and the wearing of the neighbouring mountains, brought down by the winter torrents, are filling up its bed. If the town of Geneva last long enough, its inhabitants will have to speak of the river in the neighbouring valley, instead of the picturesque lake which now fills it. Already several other towns and villages, whichi were close upon the lake a century ago, have fields and gardens appearing between them and the shore.
The immense continent of Australasia, or New Holland (larger than Europe,) is supposed by some to have been formed at a different time from what is called the old world; so different and peculiar are many of its animal and vegetable productions; and the idea of a later formation receives some counte- nance from the immense tracts of marshy or imper- fectly drained land which have been discovered in the interior, into which rivers flow, but which scem not yet to have worn down or formed a sufficient outlet or discharging channel towards the ocean .- Arnott's El- ements of Physics.
DANCING WITH A PRINCE .- You did not know Maria D -- , I think; but I did: and fairer prospects never dawned on the sunny eye of youth, beauty, and intelligence, than seemed to be hers. But unfortu- nately, ber mamma had once been in England; and as ill fuck would have it for poor Maria, had danced in the same room, nay, I believe, in the same set with the prince of Wales. Of course she could never talk or think of any thing else all her life afterward. It was shrewdly suspected that she put her husband to a lingering death with this story; and it is pretty cer- tain that it caused all the misfortunes of my little as- sociate, on whom nature had showcred all the blos- soms of spring, and who promised a rich product of delightful fruits in summer and autumn. But this on- lucky dance spoiled all. The mother told the story morning, noon, and night, and danced that fatal dance over and over again, to the same tune, until the young lady could think, and talk, and dream, of nothing but figuring at court, and dancing with princes and lords, whom she fancied something or other, she knew not what, but far above any thing on this side the water.
The mother never heard of a foreigner being in town that she did not get the fidgets, until he was brought and introduced to the daughter, who soon, in ber anxiety to go abroad, actually paid such broad at- tentions to those exotics, that instead of being alluring to the worthy among them, she became offensive. Un- fortunately, though she bad not fortune to tempt the avaricious, she possessed sufficient beauty to attract the voluptuary. One of these wandering creatures,
who stroll about the world to cheat the rich, and be- tray the inexperienced; who come to our country no one knows whence, and live no one knows how; and who gain a footing in our social circles by means of this pernicious leaning towards strangers,- chanced to come prowling that way, and was as usual, brought to the house of the good lady who once had the honor of dancing in the same set with the .prince.
He passed for a man of rank,-talked of his noble relations,-of going back to England,-of the delights of courts, watering places, and, in short, played on all that light artillery before which the ill-fortified citadel of woman's heart so often yields .The good lady mo- ther talked with the man of rank about certain lords whose names she had heard in England, and who were all his intimate acquaintances. He described them at a hazard, or rather at no hazard, for he soon discovered my lady knew as little as himself about them. In short, to make an end of a long story,-the old lady fidgeted,-the young one played off the fine lady,-till. at last, with great apparent circumspec- tion, the illustrious foreigner asked her hand in pre- ference to running away with her, because she had a few thousand dollars portion. The catastrophc rapidly took place. ' As soon as he had got possession of the money, and was tired ofhis bride, he ran away, no one knew wherc. Poor Maria never was presented at court; but pincs away, in the most heart-sickening widowhood-a deserted wife : and the poor mother has never since told the story of dancing in the same set with the prince.
A TABLE,
Showing the Time of Sun Rising and Setting for any place in the United States.
To find the time of Sun rising or setting for any place in the United States from the annexed Table: Take the latitude of the place on the top, and the sun's deelinaiton on the side, under the former and opposite the latter, will give the time of sun setting or rising.
Observe that this Table is calculated for the de- clination of the suo when North, and that when the declination is South, the time of sun rising exhibited in the Table will be time of sun setting ;- also, the time of sun setting will be time of sun rising.
EXAMPLE I.
Required the time of sun rising and setting at Philadelphia, on the 20th May.
In the Almanac for the month of May, opposite 20, the day of the month, and in the column under (sun dee. ) the sun's declination, is 20 N. In the an- nexed Table opposite 20 thus found, and under 40, the latitude of Philadelphia, the numbers 7 11 4 are given; that is 7h. 11m. for sun setting, as marked on the top, and 11 minutes before 5 for sun rising.
EXAMPLE II.
Required the time of sun rising and setting at Philadelphia on the 25th of February.
In the Almanae for the month of Fabruary, op- posite 25tb, the day of the month, and in the column under (sun dec. ) the declination of the sun, is 9 S. In the annexed Table, opposite 9 thus found, and under 40, the numbers 6 31 6 are given, and agree- able to the directions on the top of the Table, when the declination is North, 6h. 31n1. shows the sun
31º [ 32º
33° |
34°
35° |
36°
370
38°|
39° |
40° |
41º
42°
439
Sun's dec. N.
Sun setting H.
Sun rising H
Sun setting H.
Sun rising H
Sun setting H
Sun rising 11
Sun setting H
Sun rising
Sun rising
Sun setting 11
Sun rising H.
Sun setting 11.
Sun rising 11.
Sun setting 11
Sun rising 11
Sun setting H
Sun rising .H.
Sun setting 11.
Sun rising w
Sun setting H
Sun rising 11.
Sun setting II.
Sun setting 11 .
Suu rising 11.
Sun setting H.
Sun rising II.
6 6
16
02
6 6
02
66
02
6 6
6 6
05 66
03 05
6,6 6 6 06
06 6.6
09
12
15
18
20
23
26
29
32
36
39 6,6
42 6 6
45 6|6
48 6 6
6 6 51 6 6 53 6 6 55 6 6 57 6 6
6 6 55 6 6 57 6 6 59 6 7 01 5 7 03 5 7 06 5 7 08 5:7 11 5
56 6 6 58 6 7 00 5 7 02 5 7 05 5 7 07 517 10 5 7 12 5 7 15 5
196 46
6
6
48 .6 6
50
6 6
52
6 6
48
6 6
6 6
54 66
53 6 6 55 66 57 6 6 59 6 7 01 5 7 04 5 7 06 5 7 09 5 7 11 5 7 14 5 7 17 5 7 19 5 53 6 6 56 6 6 58 6 7 00 5 7 02 5 7 05 5 7 07 5 7 10 5 7 12 5 7 15 5 7 18 5 7 21 5 7 24 5
216 51
6 6
22 6 54 6 6 56 6 6 58 6 7 01 5 7 03 5 7 06 5 7 08 5 7 11 5 7 14 5 7 16 5 7 19 5 7 22 5 7 25 5 7 29 5
23'6 57 6 6 59 6 7 02 5 7 04 5 7 07 5 7 09 5 7 12 5 7 15 5 7 17 5 7 20 5 7 23 5 7 27 5 7 50 5 7 83 5
23° 29 6 58 6 7 00 5 7 03 5 7 05 5 7 08 5 7 11 5 7 14 5 7 16 5 7 19 5:7 22 5 7 25 5 7 29 5 7 82 5 7 86 5.
6
6 6
6 6
06
6 6
09
12
15
6 6
16
19
25
28 6 6
32 6 6 33 6 9 34 6 6 35 6
35 6 6 36 6 6 38 6,6 39
38 6 6 40 6 6 41
45 6 6 47 66
146 83
6 6
34
37
40
42
45
6 6
47
6 6
49
66
30
33
SG
6
6
6 6
6
6
46
49
53
2016 49
616
51 66
66
00
6.6
00. 6 6
0,6 00
6
6 00
6
6 00
6
6
05
08
13 6 6
15 66
6 6 21
6 6 24
6 6 26
6.6 29
6.6 32
6:6
34
6 6
6 6
6 6
42
45
6 6
616
6 6
66
34
6 6
6 6
6 6 43 6 6
47 6 6 48 6 6 50 6 6 52 6 6 54
15 6 36
616
66
616
6 6
29
6 6
31
6 6
33
6 6 36 616 37
6 6
6 6
6|6
44
39 6 6 6 6 41
40
43
6 6
6 6 51 6 6
6,6
66
6 6
6 6
66
34
37 66
40 6 6 42 6 6 43 6 6 45
6.6 46
6
6
48
6,6 9;9
46 6
126 28 6 6
13,6 31 6 6
6 6 27
22
6 6 23
6 6
25
6 6
00 03
66
6 6 08 66 08 66 08
6 6 10 66 11 6 6 11
13 66 14 66 14
16 66 16 66
17
18
17
6 6
22 24 6,6 25 6
6 6 23
6 6
27 66
28
6 6 31 6 6 32
14
6 6
17
21
6
6 25
6 6 29 6 6 30 6 6 33 6 6
34
6
6
106 23 6 6 24
116 26
6 6
07
6 6
10 6 6 10
5 6 12 6 6 12 6 6
6 6 14 66
76 16 66 17 6 6 18 616 18 66 19 6 6
6
8 6 19 6 6 19
96 21 66
27 66 31 6 6
66
09
6.6
10
6
10
6.6
13 6.6
17 6,6
6 6 20 66
6
0:
3
6
0.
6 6 11
6,6
14 66
616 18 66
6 22 6,6 22 6 6,6 26 6
6 6 22 23
25
28
31
6 37
6 40
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
24
6 6
6 6
6 6
6.6
6 6
616 26 29
6
06
6
6 6
6 6 00
6.6
00
6
6
00
6,6 00
)4
7 6
2 6
05
6 6
05
M.
M.
H.
N.
=
M.
M.
M.
V.
M.
31.
H.
M.
M.
11 6
36
07
46 09 66
6 6
6 6
66
66
03
03
6 6
66
6 6
6 6 6.6
13
6 6
00 03 06
6 6
6 6
13
6 6
616 16
20
14 66
6 6 20
6 6
6.6 25 6 6 27
66
6 6 46
43
6 6
6 6
50 6 6 52 616 54 616
56 6 6 58 6 7 00 5 7 02 5
16 6 38
176 41
IS 6 43
59 6 7 02 5 7 04 5 7 06 5
50 6
5.1 6
6 6 56 66 56 6
42
6
6,6
48
6 6
40 66 44
6 37 66
38
19 6
6 6
6 6
6 00 6 6 03
6 6
6
00 03
6
setting, and 31 minutes before six for sun rising ;- but In this instance, as the sun's declination is south, the sun rising must be taken for the sun setting, and the sun setting, for the sun rising, as shown in the observation above ;- therefore, on the 25th February, at Philadelphia, the sun sets at 31 minutes before 6, and rises 6h. S1m.
(Copy Right secured.)
50 6 6 52 6 6
418 66
6,6
32
6 6 28
39
20
00
Sun setting H.
Sunrising
MI
15 5
6 6
A TABLE,
Showing the hours and minutes that are to be added to the Moon's southing, to find the time of High-water at all the under-named places.
NAMES OF PLACES.
H. M.
NAMES OF PLACES.
H. M.
Albany,
3 30
New Providence,
7 35
Amboy,
8 15
New York,
9 00
Anapolis, (Maryland)
7 00
Penobscott,
0 00
Baltimore, -
8 30
Plymouth,
10 35
Boston, -
11 15
Port Royal, (S. C.)
8 30
Brunswick, (N. C.)
9 00
Portsmouth, -
11 45
Cape Ann,
11 45
Providence,
: 17
Cape Fear, -
7 30
Philadelphia,
2 12
Cape Henlopen,
8 15
Reedy Island,
11 15
Cape Hatteras,
-
11 00
Rhode Island,
8 15
Cockspur, (Georgia)
9 00
Salem,
11 45
Charleston Bar, -
7 00
Sandy Hook,
8 .15
Georgetown Bar,
6 40
Savannah,
7 48
Nantucket,
7 30
Saybrook,
11 15
Newburyport,
11 45
Sunbury, (Georgia)
9 30
New Haven,
10 50
Whitestone,
11 45
New London,
9 00
Williamsbury, (Virginia)
11 15
EXAMPLE.
Required the time of High-water at Philadelphia, on the 6th of January.
2 55 To which add the time opposite Philadelphia, in the above Table, - 2 12
The time of High-water required, - -
DISCOUNT DAYS.
United States,
Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia,
Farmers & Mechanics,
· North America,
Tuesdays and Fridays.
Commercial,
Tuesdays and Fridays.
Schuylkill,
Tuesdays and Fridays. Tuesdays and Fridays.
Northern Liberties,
-
-
Wednesdays and Saturdays.
Girard's,
Wednesdays and Saturdays.
Southwark,
TABLE OF ELECTORAL VOTES.
9 votes, Districts.
13. North Carolina
15
do-General ticket.
1. Maine - -
.
15 do- do.
15. Georgia
-
9
do-
11 do-Districts.
4. Rhode Island
4
do.
16. Tennessee
5. Connecticut -
S do- do.
17. Kentucky
18
do-General ticket.
6. Vermont
7 do-Legislature.
19. Indiana
5
do-Legislature.
7. New York
36 do-Districts.
20. Illinois
3
do-Districts.
S. New Jersey
28 do- do.
21. Missouri
-
3 do- do.
10. Delaware
3 do-Legislature.
22. Louisiana
3 do-General ticket.
11. Maryland
11 do-Districts.
23. Mississippi
5
do- do.
12. Virginia
54 do-General ticket.
24. Alabama
-
2. New Hampshire
8 do-General ticket.
14. South Carolina
11 do-Legislature · do.
3. Massachusetts
14 do-3 Districts.
18. Ohio
8 do-General ticket.
9. Pennsylvania -
5 do-Legislature.
261
Required number to constitute an élection by the people, 131.
5 07
Tuesdays and Fridays. Wednesdays and Saturdays. Mondays and Thursdays. Tuesdays and Fridays. Mondays and Thursdays.
-
Mechanics,
H. M.
On the 6th of January the Moon's Southing, taken from the Almanac, is,
-
-
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