USA > Pennsylvania > The provincial councillors of Pennsylvania : who held office between 1733-1776, and those earlier councillors who were some time chief magistrates of the province and their descendants > Part 36
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His widow, Margaret Cyrilla, above mentioned, m., 2nd, 1805 James Stelle, Capt. of U. S. Artillery. He resigned his rank in the army after his marrige, and settled as a planter at Opelousas, where he d. Sep. 6, 1820.
Issue by 1st husband (surname GAYOSO DE LEMOS) :
FERNANDO, b. Natchez July 14, 1797, m., 1st, Julia Ann Wyoff, and, 2nd, Lodoiska Cecilia Perez, see below,
Issue by 2nd husband (surname STELLE) :
JAMES, d. unm.,
FRANCES ASSHETON, m. Joshua Baker, see p. 303,
CAROLINE, m. John Brownson, see p. 304,
LEWIS, b. Jan. 9, 1813, d. aged 17,
EDWARD, b. May 9, 1815, d. unm. Brooklyn Sept. 27, 1850, SARAH, b. Oct. 20, 1817, m. Abner Pride, see p. 307,
FERNANDO GAYOSO DE LEMOS, b. Natchez July 14, 1797, son of Don Manuel Gayoso de Lemos by Margaret C. his wife, as above, m., 1st., about 1816 at Baton Rouge Julia Ann Wyoff, who d. Opelousas 1823, and, 2nd, in 1825 at Baton Rouge Lodoiska Cecilia Perez. Issue by 1st wife (surname GAYOSO DE LEMOS) :
ELIZA, d. y. Baton Rouge 1819,
MANUEL, d. Natchetoches Nov. 27, 1835,
JAMES, d. Natchetoches July, 1839,
Issue by 2nd wife (surname GAYOSO DE LEMOS) :
CAROLINE, b. July, 1826, d. y. Sep. 7, 1826,
303
Assheton-Gayoso de Lemos branch.
MARGARET CYRILLA, b. Opelousas Aug. 31, 1830, d. New Orleans Aug. 14, 1867, m. May 2, 1845 Merret More Robinson of Norfolk, Va., who d. Pascagoula, Miss., May 28, 1850,
Issue (surname Robinson) :
Anna Amelia, b. New Orleans May 2, 1846, d. unm. June 3, 1872,
Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, b. Pascagoula Aug. 1, 1848, d. y. Mch. 7, 1854,
AURORA, b. Aug. 20, 1831, m. Mch., 1850 Thomas Benton Hart of Lexington, Ky., who d. San Antonio, Texas, Jany. 9, 1875,
Issue (surname Hart) :
Eda, b. June 2, 1852, m. 1875 Leopold of Texas,
Irvin, b. Jany. 7, 1854, m. 1880 - -
Issue : a son,
Fannie, b. May 8, 1858, m. Nov., 1878 Arthur Pres- cott of Waco, Texas, Issue : two daughters,
Aurora Gayoso, b. Mch., 1860, m. Jany. 1, 1880 Rich- ard West of Ohio, who d. Houston, Texas, Sep. 7, 1881 s. p.,
Thomas Benton, b. 1862,
Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, b. 1864,
FERNANDO, b. St. Martinsville, La., Oct. 6, 1833, d. s. p. 1867,
FELICITÉ BEAUREGARD, b. Feb. 1, 1836, m. Houma Aug. 28, 1856 Charles Tennent of Del.,
Issue (surname Tennent) : Mary Perez, b. Houma Dec. 5, 1857,
Jennie Lodoiska, b. Dec. 22, 1859, m. June 28, 1880 Robert Ruffin Barrow, of Parish Terre Bonne, La., Issue (surname Barrow) : Volumnia Hunley, b. Sept. 16, 1881, Fernando Gayoso de Lemos, b. Oct. 1, 1862.
FRANCES ASSHETON STELLE, dau. of James and Margaret Stelle, d. at the age of 22, m. Joshua Baker, Judge in Louisiana. Issue (surname BAKER) :
ANTHONY WAYNE, d. Oct. 2, 1854, m. Emma Fuselier, dau. of La Clair Fuselier of La.,
Issue (surname Baker) :
304
Assheton-Baker branch.
Joshua Gabriel, m. Evelina Castello, Issue (surname Baker) : Evelina, Christine Marie, m. William Campbell, MARGARET C., m. John P. Van Bergen of Lyme, Conn., Issue (surname Van Bergen) : Joshua Baker, d. inf.,
Fanny Assheton, John,
Kate Walton, m. Frederick E. Clark, Issue (surname Clark) : Constance Slocomb, James G.,
Anthony Baker, d. y.,
Caroline Bisland, d. unm.,
Maria Louisa,
William Searls,
Thomas Sturges,
Anthony,
CAROLINE LOUISA, d. Sep. 3, 1861, m. William A. Bisland, Issue (surname Bisland) :
Calvin Witherspoon, d. s. p. about 1862,
Joshua Baker, of Houma, La., m. Kitty Cage, Issue (surname Bisland) : two children, Jane Lambdin, m. Harry Cage, of Houma, La., Issue (surname Cage) : several, Margaret Cerilla, m. William Connell.
CAROLINE STELLE, dau. of James and Margaret Stelle, p. 302, is now of New Orleans, m. John Brownson, Judge in Louisiana.
Issue (surname BROWNSON) :
ELIZABETH, b. Opelousas Feb. 26, 1829, m. Brooklyn Oct. 10, 1850 David Ker of New Iberia, La., atty .- at-law and planter,
Issue (surname Ker) :
Caroline Stelle, b. July 11, 1851, d. Aug. 8, 1851, Mary Baker,
Elizabeth Brownson, m. Jany. 10, 1877 Charles Taylor Cade of Louisiana, planter, Issue (surname Cade) : Robert, Charles Taylor, Elizabeth Ker,
305
Assheton-Brownson branch.
Kate Patton, Fannie Stelle,
Margaret Bisland, m. Dec. 16, 1880 Haywood Prince of New York,
John Brownson,
David, d. y. Jany. 1, 1863,
William Henry,
Sarah Butler,
JAMES, of Newport, R. I., m. - Williams, dau. of Cole- man Williams of Tenn., afterwards of N. Y.,
Issue (surname Brownson) :
Howell Williams, d. y.,
Coleman Williams,
Caroline,
Mary Bruce,
Robert,
James Stelle,
Louise,
JOHN, of Charenton, Parish St. Mary, La., m. Emma Baker, widow of Anthony W. Baker before named,
Issue (surname Brownson) :
La Clair, d. y.,
a dau., d. y.,
Joseph, d. y.,
Anthony Baker,
John, Margaret,
Mary,
Edward Stelle,
Alfred,
Louis,
Alexander,
James,
FRANCES ASSHETON, m. John R. Bisland of Houma, La., Issue (surname Bisland) :
Edward Stelle,
Caroline Brownson, m. Sep., 1879 Albert G. Cage of La., Issue (surname Cage) : Henry, John Brownson,
U
306
Assheton-Brownson branch.
Ashton, William Alexander, Leonora, Fannie Ashton, CAROLINE, m. John A. Gillmore, M. D., of La., who d. 1876, Issue (surname Gillmore) : Francis Assheton,
Louis Stelle, d. y.,
a dau., d. y.,
a dau., d. y.,
a dau., d. y.,
Mary Brownson,
Gertrude,
MARGARET CYRILLA, m. Thomas Shields Bisland of Mt. Repose near Natchez, Miss.,
Issue (surname Bisland) :
Mary Louise,
Levina, d. y.,
Elizabeth Ker,
Percival,
Eugene Presley,
Margaret Watts,
Lenox Witherspoon,
Ninie Stelle,
Guy, d. y., Estelle, d. y.,
MARY, m. Richard W. How of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
Issue (surname How) :
Mary, d. y., Richard W.,
Josephine Wells, Celestine Wells,
EDWARD STELLE, of Brooklyn, m. - - Morison, dau. of Hector Morison of Brooklyn, Issue (surname Brownson) : Mary Morison, Edward Stelle, Lucy Norman, d. y.,
SARAH LOUISE, m. John L. How, of Brooklyn, Issue (surname How) :
307
Assheton-Brownson branch.
Sarah Louise, b. South Oyster Bay, June 24, 1871, Celestine Wells, d. y., John, d. y ., James, b. Brooklyn Sep. 21, 1876, LEWIS ASSHETON, d. y .
SARAH STELLE, b. Opelousas, La., Oct. 20, 1817, dau. of James and Margaret Stelle, p. 302, now living in Brooklyn, m. Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Apr. 25, 1838 Abner Pride.
Issue (surname PRIDE) :
EDWARD STELLE, b. Potsdam Apr. 23, 1839,
CAROLINE CERILLA, b. Potsdam Aug. 7, 1841, m. Staten Island Sep. 16, 1875 (being 2nd w. of) William A. Bisland of " Hope Farm," Parish Terre Bonne, La.,
Issue (surname Bisland) :
Ralph, b. near Natchez Nov. 24, 1868,
Caroline Louise, b. " Hope Farm " May 4, 1874,
Sarah Stelle, b. " Hope Farm " July 12, 1875,
William Witherspoon, b. "Hope Farm " Apr. 21, 1878, Elizabeth Williams, b. " Hope Farm " Feb. 6, 1880, FRANCES EMILY, b. Potsdam Jany. 3, 1843, d. y. Aug. 6, 1844,
ANTHONY BAKER, b. Potsdam, Apr. 15, 1845,
JAMES STELLE, b. Potsdam Sep. 7, 1846,
LOUIS ASSHETON, b. Potsdam Jany. 30, 1848,
MARGARET FRANCES ASSHETON, b. Potsdam Aug. 28, 1849, d. y. Mch. 12, 1852,
HARRIET FRANCES, b. Potsdam Aug. 25, 1857.
1
of
JOHN PENN.
From a William Penn of Mintie, Gloucestershire, yeoman, whose will was probated in 1592 in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, and who appears from John Penn's letter (see Conner's Sketch of Admiral Penn) to have been son of the secularized monk who built Penn Lodge, Co. Wilts, descended the Founder of Pennsylvania. The grandfather of the latter, Giles Penn, was a captain in the navy ; but the eminence of the family was achieved by Giles's son, William, who rose to be Vice Admiral of England before he was thirty one years of age. He was knighted by King Charles II, and served under the Duke of York, afterwards King James II.
William Penn, son and executor of the Admiral, after embracing the principles of Friends, obtained the grant of the soil and govern- ment of Pennsylvania in consideration of his father's services and a debt due from the Crown. The Duke of York granted to him the Lower Counties, comprising what is now the State of Delaware. Wil- liam Penn, the first Proprietary, died July 30, 1718, leaving by his 1st wife, Gulielma Maria, dau. and heiress of Sir William Springett, Kt., a son and dau .: William and Lætitia, the latter d. s. p., and the former being ancestor of the Penn-Gaskell family.
The Proprietaryship of Pennsylvania &ct. passed under the first Proprietary's will to his sons John, Thomas, and Richard, chil- dren of his 2nd wife, Hannah, dau. of Thomas Callowhill of Bristol. John, who had a double share, d. s. p. Oct. 18, 1746, whereby three fourths of Pennsylvania vested in his brother Thomas. The latter married in 1751 Juliana, 4th dau. of the Earl of Pomfret, and was ancestor of Thomas Gordon Penn, the last male of that line, who d. Sep. 9, 1869, and of William Stuart, Esq., of Bedfordshire, Eng., now heir-at-law of the Founder.
RICHARD PENN, son of the first Proprietary, and entitled to one fourth of the Proprietary estate, withdrew from the Society of Friends, and brought up his children in the Church of England, and resided in England, where he d. Jany., 1771, m. Hannah Lardner, sister of the Councillor of that name, and had issue : John Penn, the Councillor,
309
John Penn.
Richard Penn, the Councillor, Hannah Penn, and William Penn, the last d. y., and Hannah m. James Clayton.
JOHN PENN, son of Richard and Hannah Penn, was b. London July 14, 1729. While a school boy, he clandestinely married the daughter of a James Cox of London, in her self or her surroundings objectionable to his family. His uncle Thomas Penn, who was then a bachelor interested in his brother's children, discovered it, hunted him up, and sent him out of England. Under the charge of Robert Dunant, whom his uncle employed as his governor, he was taken to Geneva, and at the University of that city, acquired great proficiency in his studies, bitterly repenting of his rash step as he reflected upon what he had done, and as he found his wife's family were trying to communicate with him. The father-in-law wrote to him in 1751, after he had been away four years, to induce him to cut loose from the Penn family, as he was of age, and his uncle's recent marriage rendered it unlikely that he should be his heir ; but John Penn, after a trip to Italy, where he spent more money than his uncle thought proper, cheerfully submitted to his uncle and father, who did not scruple at sending him permanently from his wife. Lieut. Gov. Hamilton, to whom the story was confided, offered him a home in Pennsylvania. In order to see his father before crossing the Atlantic, he came as pri- vately as possible to England. His return being discovered, he hastily withdrew to Lille, and waited until an opportunity offered to go to America. He then recrossed the Channel, took ship, and, after vari- ous delays and a voyage of seven weeks and three days, arrived in New York, Nov. 21, 1752. He reached Philadelphia on December 1st, and became the guest of Hamilton at Bush Hill, Richard Hock- ley writes, "The approbation of our beef and Madeira wine makes me imagine this will not be the most disagreeable part of the world he has hitherto resided in." On Feb. 6, 1753, the Lieutenant-Governor pro- posed his introduction as a member of the Provincial Council, and asked the gentlemen present what place they would offer him ; where- upon it was unanimously agreed that he should rank as first named, or eldest, Councillor, and be President on the death or absence of the Governor. His name first appears upon the minutes in August fol- lowing. He was one of the commissioners to the Congress at Albany in the summer of 1754, and made several journeys to the neighboring colonies. Nevertheless his trouble made him again despondent : he began to shun company, he would have joined Braddock's army had
310
John Penn.
any Pennsylvania troops formed part of it, and perhaps have died on the field which that officer's imprudence made so disastrous. Some two months after the defeat, he returned to England. In the course of the seven years which elapsed before his second visit to America, it is to be presumed that death relieved him of the claim which had em- barrassed him ; for he seems to have been free when commissioned by his uncle and his father Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania and the Lower Counties.
He arrived as Lieutenant-Governor October 30, 1763, succeed- ing the most unpopular Chief Magistrate of later Provincial times, William Denny, and so with whatever feeling of loyalty there was for the Penn family, he was welcomed by the people. But the long con- test between the Proprietary deputies and the Assembly on the ques- tion of taxing the Proprietary estates and between the Quakers and the Churchmen and Presbyterians on the question of defending the Province had left divisions and resentments to become alarming as dangers from without called for money and soldiers. Thus the first year of his term, at no time a happy one, witnessed a state of affairs which threatened the very existence of civil government. The Assem- bly, being pretty well under the control of the Quakers, who num- bered twenty two of its members, although it could no longer refuse appropriations " for the King's use," nevertheless failed to satisfy the Scotch-Irish on the Frontier, who saw large sums of money lavished in presents to Indians, while they lay destitute from the ravages of an Indian war. And as every now and then some of their kinsmen or neighbors fell by the tomahawk, they became exasperated, coupling their vengeance against the guilty savages with jealousy of the Assem- bly's partiality and suspicion against those Indians who were treated as friends. A cry like the old Covenanters' came from their descendants in Pennsylvania : loud exhortations were heard on the frontier to carry out against the heathen red men the decrees of Heaven against the Canaanites. In December, 1763, the more desperate of the young men about Paxton banded together, and destroyed a peaceable Indian vil- lage at Conestoga, and scalped all whom they found at home. The re- mainder of the little tribe were placed by the authorities in the Lan- caster workhouse for protection, while a proclamation was issued for the arrest of the murderers; a few days later a troop of horsemen broke into the building, and massacred its inmates. Such an outrage called for punishment. Penn issued a proclamation offering a re- ward for the capture of the perpetrators: but this had no effect, and
311
John Penn.
news came to the affrighted Council that sympathizers threatened to exterminate every Indian in the colony, and would kill all who at- tempted to harbor them. The riot swelled to such proportions that a battalion of regular soldiers belonging to Gen. Gage's army was ordered to Lancaster, and the Indians on Province Island, under a strong guard, were sent away, to be under the protection of Sir Wil- liam Johnson. That the Governor showed any regard for the Indians, gratified the Quakers in the Assembly, and the House voted him the necessary funds. By the united efforts of all citizens, a bold front was presented when the " Paxton boys " appeared at Germantown on their way to murder the Bethlehem Indians, who had been housed in the barracks in the Northern Liberties. After a parley in which they demanded why Indians should be kept in luxury, while they were left to starve, they withdrew, terrifying the country through which they passed, but receiving commendation and sympathy when they reached their homes.
This outbreak had barely subsided before the young Governor was embroiled with the Assembly. He had been obliged by orders from the King to ask for money for the clothing and pay of 1000 men for the war with France. The Assembly, responding with alacrity that they would give the sum required, proceeded to frame a bill for rais- ing it. It had been settled that the Proprietary's located lands could be taxed. A bill to that effect had received the Royal approval in 1760 upon condition, subscribed to by the Assembly's agents in London, that certain principles should be incorporated in a future bill, and among others that " the located uncultivated lands of the Pro- prietaries shall not be assessed higher than the lowest rate at which any located uncultivated lands belonging to the inhabitants shall be assessed." The Assembly now presented a bill using these words, but with the explanatory clause, "under the same circumstances of situa- tion, kind, and quality." Penn asked that the bill use the words of the agreement. The Assembly said that there was an ambiguity in them ; they had stated their construction of them, and would the Gov- ernor suggest a clause embodying his? Penn replied that the words were the plainest that could be used. The Assembly asked him if he understood that when the worst lands of the inhabitants were rated at so much, the best lands of the Proprietaries should be rated at no more. Penn insisted-and who can say he was wrong ?- that there was but one meaning to such words: the Assembly was bound by them, and he would be careless of his duty in passing any bill that did
312
John Penn.
not conform to them. The Assembly declaimed against such injus- tice, and the populace supported them, but, however, unequal such an arrangement may have been, there is little doubt it was intended by the Crown, and its reason may be sought in the Proprietaries' dread of unfair discrimination against them by the assessors, in whose ap- pointment they had no voice. Such a provision having been made for their protection, or even granted to them as a privilege, John Penn, their agent, surely, would not have been justified in giving away any- thing so valuable. He remained firm, and the Assembly passed the bill in the form which he required. Incensed, however, at being obliged to yield, the Assembly went to the extreme of petitioning the King to assume the government of Pennsylvania, and divest the Founder's descendants of their authority (see sketches of Isaac Norris, John Dickinson, and Joseph Galloway). The measure caused some reaction in popular feeling, being thought a hasty surrender of liber- ties enjoyed under the Penns, and, at the next election for Assembly- men, the Proprietary party elected eight out of the ten members from Philadelphia City and County, defeating their foremost enemies, Dr. Franklin and Joseph Galloway. But the majority of the House re- mained as before; at the next session, Franklin was compensated for- his defeat by appointment as additional agent in London ; and, although Penn and his Council threw the office-holding influence into the politics. of each county, although a church charter was granted to the Luther- ans with the design of drawing that vote away from the Quakers, who generally favored the change of Government, Penn was obliged to- write a year later, "There is no resisting the intrigues of the yearly meeting," and the petition to the King was never recalled.
Public attention in all the American colonies was about this time engrossed by the Stamp Act, and the Proprietary and Anti-Proprie- tary parties in Pennsylvania were united against it. Upon its repeal,. the Governor sent a message of congratulation to the Assembly, and gave a fête at "Lansdowne," his country-seat across the Schuylkill, now within our Park.
After his marriage to Miss Allen, Penn resided in the house built for Col. Byrd of Westover (see Shippen), on the West side of Third St. below Spruce.
As time went on nothing more was heard of the petition to change the government, and the Lieutenant-Governor, if he did not become- popular, gained the people's good will, although he had the bad grace-
313
John Penn.
to decline to be Patron of the Philosophical Society, because it had chosen such an enemy of his family as Dr. Franklin for its President.
The happiest event of Penn's administration was the treaty with the Indians at Ft. Stanwix in 1768, whereby there was ceded to the Pro- prietaries an immense territory stretching from the North- East to the South-West corner of the Province. But a portion of this never came into their possession. Years before, some Indians had sold a large tract to a body of speculators, who claimed that all the land North of the South latitude of Connecticut was within the limits of that state, as its ancient charter ran "to the South Sea," or Pacific Ocean. In February, 1769, the Susquehanna Company, thus originated, began sending settlers to the banks of that river. The constables of North- ampton County, within which the region then lay, arrested some of these trespassers ; but the emigrants were armed in expectation of a conflict, and went in a body to demand the release of their comrades, and opened fire on those who confined them. When John Penn heard of this, he wrote to Gen. Gage, asking for troops ; but, that officer de- clining to interfere in a question of property, and the New England- ers being aided by Germans and others from the frontier, a guerilla warfare went on for several years, in the midst of which the death of Richard Penn called his son, the Lieutenant-Governor, home. By his father's will, conforming to a family agreement, he became enti- tled to his father's fourth of the Proprietaryship for life with remain- der to his sons successively in tail male. He embarked for England on May 4, 1771, leaving the government to the Council.
In August, 1773, he returned to Pennsylvania as Governor in his own right and by deputation from his uncle. In addition to the trou- ble with the Connecticut claimants, which had not been ended in his absence, he was obliged to meet a claim by Lord Dunmore that Pitts- burgh was within the boundaries of Virginia. Acts of violence oc- curred on both borders, and while Penn boldly dismissed the agents of the New Englanders, who offered to treat with him, Pittsburgh slipped from his hands. The King was expected to settle both dis- putes, but Royal government came to an end in America before a decision was obtained.
In respect to the Revolutionary contest, he attempted to steer a middle course. He writes, Jany. 4, 1774, " What will become of America, God only knows. I wish there was moderation enough on both sides to put a happy end to the present disputes." He was op- posed to taxation without representation : his estates and matrimonial
314
John Penn.
connection attached his sympathies to the Province which bore his family name. At the same time, he had often sought the aid of the King to preserve his interests against his own people : and it was necessary to be on terms with so powerful a friend. More than this, the first overt act on his part would cause the Ministry to avail itself of the old petition to replace the Proprietary by a Royal government. This might be a means of enlisting popularity : the gift of the Gov- ernorship to a leading man in the Colony, the Ministry might expect, would silence all his followers. Penn was anxious, therefore, to per- suade the King's advisers that he did all that was in his power : he kept Lord Dartmouth informed of everything that transpired, declaring, at the same time, that it was impossible to prevent the public meetings : he refused to call a special session of the Assembly for the purpose of com- plying with the wishes of Boston by forbidding any trade with Eng- land until the Boston Port Bill should be repealed. Indian troubles, however, soon required him to summon that body ; and a Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, was the result. In February, 1775, he besought the Assembly to employ what he deemed the only constitutional method of seeking redress of grievances, i. e. to send a petition from their own body. On June 30 of that year, the Assem- bly, without troubling Penn for his consent, provided for arming the Province in defence of its liberties, and appointed a Committee of Safety (see sketch of Andrew Allen and John Dickinson), which thenceforth was supreme in Pennsylvania: but Penn's Council con- tinued to meet until the following September, in the quiet discharge of routine business. Congress on May 15, 1776 resolved, that, it being necessary that the exercise of every kind of authority under the British Crown should be totally suppressed, therefore the respective Assemblies and Conventions be recommended, where no governmentsuf- ficient to the exigencies of their affairs had been previously established, to adopt such government as should in the opinion of the representa- tives of the people best conduce to their happiness and safety. This was the death-blow to Proprietary authority. A public meeting sent a protest against the Assembly of the Province undertaking to frame a new government, as it derived its power from a Royal Charter, and did not truly represent the people. The meeting called for a conven- tion. Opposed to this was a remonstrance against amending the constitution except by the authority provided in the Charter itself. Protests and counter protests went to Congress : but delegates were chosen to the Constitutional Convention. Congress on the 4th of July
315
John Penn.
declared the Colonies "Free and Independent States," and, within a month afterwards, the Convention met. When it adjourned, it had vested the government of Pennsylvania in a Supreme Executive Coun- cil choosing its own President and the officers of state. Penn, thus stripped of his titles, offered no other resistance than refusal to recog- nize the new authority. Had he been inclined to do otherwise, he was powerless : but no conspiracies on his part were alleged. Nevertheless when Howe's army was expected in Philadelphia, and the Americans prepared to retreat, it was thought inexpedient to leave such import- ant instruments in British hands as a regularly commissioned Gov- ernor and Chief Justice. So Chew and himself were arrested August 12, 1777, on the recommendation of Congress. It was proposed to send them to Fredericksburg, Va. They, however, gave their parole to remain at the Union Iron Works in New Jersey until otherwise ordered, and thither they were banished. When danger was over, it became a question what to do with them, as no active part could be alleged against them. On May 15, 1778, Congress resolved that they be conveyed without delay into Pennsylvania, and there discharged from their parole.
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