USA > Rhode Island > Bristol County > Barrington > A history of Barrington, Rhode Island > Part 38
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In Rhode Island the militia service was equally constant and exacting. In 1638 the colony fixed the militia age between 16 and 50 years to all male persons of able body. Muster or training days were reduced in 1718 to two days a year in times of peace and four days in war times.
After an alarm was beaten for war in any town, no man could leave the town under a penalty of £100. When a watch was warned, the penalty of non-appearance was 16 shillings. In 1747 the colony ordered one Train Band of foot soldiers to be ready for service in the town of Warren (then Barrington and present Warren) to be attached to the Providence Regiment. It was afterwards transferred to the Bristol County Regiment. In 1756 Warren furnished eleven men for the expedition against Crown Point. Nathaniel Peck was a second lieutenant in this regiment against Crown Point, was promoted to first lieutenant in 1757, and to major in 1762. We find among the field officers of Bristol County Regiment, Maj. Peleg Heath, Maj. Josiah Humph- rey, Maj. James Humphrey, Maj. John Adams, Maj. Samuel Allen, Lieut. Col. Joshua Bicknell, Lieut. Col. Samuel Allen, Lieut. Col. and Col. Nathaniel Martin. In 1775 the General Assembly elected as officers of the Barrington militia, Thomas Allin, captain ; Samuel Bosworth, lieutenant ; Viall
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
Allen, ensign. The monthly wages of officers and soldiers of the militia were fixed as follows : Captain-lieutenants and captains, £6; lieutenants, £4 ; ensigns, £3, Ios ; each pri- vate, 40s. a month, a blanket and knapsack and the first months pay in advance.
In 1776 Nathaniel Martin was chosen Colonel of the Bris- tol Co. Reg. of militia. The Barrington Co. had as officers, Thomas Allin, Captain ; Viall Allen, Lieutenant ; Daniel Kinnicutt, Ensign. The Chapter on "The Revolution " gives the several changes in the officership of the Company and the distinguished services performed by the Barrington militia as "minute men," "alarm men," and regular soldiers in the ranks of the Colonial and Continental troops. During the Revolution, the militia age was sixteen to sixty, but in the revision of the militia laws after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, changes were made to conform to the United States requirements as follows : "Each and every free able bodied white citizen of the State, resident therein, who is or shall be of the age of eighteen years and under the age of forty-five, shall severally and respectively be enrolled in the Militia," etc. In 1793 Thomas Allin was elected Lieut. Colonel of the Bristol Co. Reg., and Josiah Humphrey, Captain, Samuel Barnes, Lieutenant, and Benjamin Martin, Ensign of the Barrington Co. The following year Colonel Allin was elected Brigadier General of the Bristol Co. Reg. of Militia. In 1807 the Bristol, Warren, and Barrington Companies were organized as the 4th Reg. of R. I. Militia. The regimental trainings were held on the last Monday in April and on the first Monday in September of each year. The training field in Barrington was the open field at Tyler's Point, on New Meadow Neck between the road and the Cemetery, and is shown in the picture on another page. The equipments of each soldier were a good musket or firelock, a sufficient bayonet and belt, two spare flints and a knapsack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty- four cartridges suited to the bore of his musket or firelock, each cartridge to contain a proper quantity of powder and
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ХОТЬБОЕВЫЕ 16 75МАЯ1 99
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OFFICERS OF BARRINGTON INFANTRY.
ball; or with a good rifle, knapsack, shot-pouch, suited to the bore of his rifle, and a quarter of a pound of powder. Commissioned officers were "armed with a sword or hanger, and espontoon." The officers of each company were one Captain, two Lieutenants, four Sergeants, four Corporals, one Drummer, and one Fifer.
OFFICERS OF BARRINGTON INFANTRY COMPANY.
Captain.
Lieutenant.
Samuel Barnes.
Ensign. Benjamin Martin.
1792, 66
1793, 66
1794, 1795, Benjamin Martin. 1796, 16
Amariah Lilly,
Ebenezer Peck.
179S, Ebenezer Peck.
ISoo, John Harding, Hezekiah Salisbury.
1802, Hezekiah Salisbury. Joseph Grant, Jr.
ISO3, 66
1805, Jeremiah S. Drown. John Short, Jr.
1806, John Short, Jr.
Samuel R. Martin.
Samuel R. Martin. Watson Ingraham.
ISOT, " 66
..
I Sos, 66
1809, “
66
1810, Samuel R. Martin.
Watson Ingraham.
ISII,
1812,
66 Benjamin Heath.
IS13, Allin Bicknell.
1815, Benjamin Heath.
Amariah Lilly, Jr. Emerson Humphrey.
Amasa Humphrey.
1816, Benjamin Peck.
1819, Benjamin Medbury. John Martin.
IS20, Emerson Humphrey. Benjamin Medbury. IS21. Benjamin Medbury. Horatio Peck.
1823, ..
John Martin, Jr.
1824,
1825, John Martin, Jr. IS26, Suchet Mauran.
John R. Richmond. John R. Richmond. 1827, John R. Richmond. Seba Peck.
IS28, "
1829, Seba Peck.
Geo. W. Allin.
William Richmond.
1830, Albert Bowen. 1831, “ 66 1833, William Richmond, N. C. Smith, Jr. 1834, N. C. Smith, Jr. Ira Kent.
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66
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66
66 John Harding.
James Bowen. Joseph Grant, Jr. Nathl. Heath, Jr.
66
Ira Allin. Benjamin Heath. Allin Bicknell.
Allin Brown. Horatio Peck. John Martin, Jr. James Maxfield. John R. Richmond Seba Peck. Seba Peck. Benson Bean. Geo. W. Allin. William Richmond. Ellis Peck, Jr.
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1791, Josiah Humphrey.
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
Captain. Lieutenant.
Ensign. 1836, Elbrige G. Medbury. Jas .A. Smith. Benjamin Martin. IS37, Jas. A. Martin. Benjamin Martin. Jeremiah Drown. 66 183S,
1839, 66
The following letter describes the dress of the militia officers of Barrington, more than a century ago. In such a uniform the officers must have cut a fine figure on dress parade.
WARREN, June 28th, 1792.
COLONEL THOS. ALLIN :
SIR :
Agreeable to your advise I now present you with a Coppy of a Vote passed by a Number of the Militia Officers at Major Ichabod Cole's on the 18th Inst., Viz. : that there be worn by the several Militia Officers of the County on all training days hereafter, a large brimd hat Cocked up, with a Cockade of blk & White Ribbon & three blk plooms, a Coat of blue Broad Cloth buff faceing & white lineing ; buff Jacout & Briches or Nanquin Appi- lets & Buttons white. Boots are Likewise Recommended to be worn.
I am, Sir with every Sentiment of Esteem, your obt. Servent.
JOSEPH ADAMS.
N. B. Sword or hangers to hang by a belt round the hips."
BARRINGTON FIELD OFFICERS IN BRISTOL COUNTY REGIMENT.
Thomas Allen, Lieut .- Colonel, 1791, 2, 3 ; Brig .- General, 1794, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-1800.
Matthew Allin, Captain Bristol Company, Senior Class Co., 1792.
John Short, Lieutenant, 1797, and Captain, 1798.
Ebenezer Peck, Ensign for troops ordered by General Assembly, for 1794, for U. S. service.
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THE DORR WAR.
Joseph Adams, Major, 1795; Lieut .- Colonel, 1799. Allin Bicknell, Major, 1814-15 ; Lieut .- Colonel, 1816.
Ebenezer Peck, Major, 1799, 1800, I, 2, 3.
John Short, Jr., Major, 1806.
Jeremiah S. Drown, Major, 1807. Benjamin Medbury, Major, 1824.
Suchet Mauran, Major, 1827 ; Colonel, 1829-30.
N. C. Smith, Jr., Major, 1836.
E. G. Medbury, Major, 1837-8.
John R. Richmond, Brigade Inspector, 1828.
THE DORR WAR.
"The Dorr War," as it is called, was an incident in Rhode Island history in the progress of the people towards univer- sal, manhood suffrage. Under the Old Charter, which was the Bill of Rights of the people until 1842, suffrage was en- joyed only by freemen. A freeman, by the act of 1723-4, was a man who had real estate to the value of one hundred pounds, or had an annual income of forty shillings arising from real estate. The eldest son of a freeman might vote in right of his father's freehold. This law remained unchanged except in the value of the required freehold, for one hundred and twenty years, or until 1843, when the present State Constitution was adopted. Several unsuccessful attempts had been made between 1793 and 1842 to secure a State Constitution which should give larger scope to the franchise. In 1798 the freehold qualification was changed from the col- onial to the decimal currency, and was fixed at $134 in value, or $7 in income from real estate.
Thomas Wilson Dorr, an educated and influential citizen of Providence, advocated, (1) The extension of the suffrage beyond landed qualifications; (2) The removal of unequal representation in the legislative body ; and (3) The regula- tion of the power and functions of the General Assembly by constitutional limitations. Mr. Dorr and his followers urged the republican doctrine that sovereign power was vested in
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
the whole body of the people, and claimed that under the existing Charter the rights of the people had been made sub- ject to the minority of the land holders of the State. The largest vote ever polled by the freeholders was in the presi- dential election of 1840, when only 8,642 votes were cast, in a total male adult population of over 230,000. The cause of the disfranchised class was advocated with great energy and earnestness by able leaders, and associations were formed throughout the State in favor of constitutional liberty. A mass Convention was held in Providence, on April 18, 1841, to discuss the great question at issue, and adjourned to meet at Newport on the 5th of May following.
This Convention made an appeal to the General Assembly and the people in behalf of the rights of non-free-holders. In August, 1841, a Convention to form a Constitution was held at Providence, and after several sessions, submitted the final draft of the proposed Constitution to the people in Novem- ber, to be voted on by the people for their adoption or rejec- tion, on the 27th, 28th, and 29th of December, 1841. On the count of the ballots cast, it appeared that 13,944 had been cast in favor of the new Constitution and fifty-two against it. Of the whole number who voted, 4,960 were freeholders, qualified by state law to vote. The result of the election was announced to the people Jan. 13, 1842, by a Committee of the Convention, and among the names is that of Christopher Smith of Barrington, who then owned in part, and lived at, the General Allin place. An election was held under the new Constitution, and Thomas W. Dorr received 6,359 votes, and was declared elected Governor of the State. Nathaniel C. Smith was the Barrington representative in the Dorr Legislature. A conflict now arose between the government de facto of the Freeholders, or Algerine party, as it was called, and the Dorr party, who claimed the de jure govern- ment of the people. Events rapidly led up to the settlement of the question by an appeal to force, as each government claimed the exclusive right to the exercise of the legislative functions.
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495
THE DORR WAR.
The Dorr Legislature met in May, 1842. Near the close of its sessions, Nathaniel C. Smith, the representative from Barrington, sent in his resignation, and a new election was ordered. Others resigned or were arrested. The Charter authorities organized military companies to put down the popular uprising "by force and arms." Dorr was pro- claimed a traitor, and his followers were threatened with arrest for overt acts of treason against the government of the state. In Barrington, as well as throughout the state, the excitement was intense, and personal hatred was bitter between the members of the two parties. Family ties were broken by the strain of partisanship. Personal danger, more real than fancied, led many Dorrites of Barrington to secrete themselves or flee from the town. The Barrington militia, which had fallen into inaction, was revived in the manual of arms and company movements on the Green at the Congregational Meeting House. Pierre Bowen Mauran, grandson of Capt. Joseph Carlo Mauran of the Revolution, was the drill master of the company. In June, Governor Dorr's forces gathered in considerable numbers for such action as might seem advisable, while the position of the United States government in the matter rendered it proba- ble that United States troops would be called to aid the defence of the existing state government. Martial law was declared by Governor King. "Governor Dorr" called for volunteers to meet in Gloucester. This was the signal for the gathering of the "Law and Order" troops, and on Thursday, June 23, the Fourth Regiment, consisting of two Bristol companies, one Warren company, and one Barring- ton company, took a steamer from Warren for Providence, to join the forces in that city. The Barrington company was made up as follows :
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
BARRINGTON VOLUNTEERS, 4TH REGIMENT, R. I. V.
EMERSON HUMPHREY, Captain. JAMES A. SMITH, Lieutenant. GEORGE W. WIGHTMAN, Ensign. P. BOWEN MAURAN, Drill Master.
Thomas R. Allin,
George A. Gladding,
Nicholas Peck,
William H. Allin,
Israel Grant,
John R. Richmond,
Joseph P. Bicknell,
Thomas C. Heath,
William Richmond,
George A. Bicknell,
Albert N. Humphrey,
Joseph Brown,
Peter Ingraham,
James Seymour, Lewis B. Smith,
Nathaniel Bowen,
George R. Kinnicutt,
William H. Smith,
John Carpenter,
Benjamin Martin,
Robert T. Smith,
Benjamin F. Drown,
Joseph R. Martin,
George R. Martin,
Hiram Drown,
John Peck,
Hezekiah Tiffany.
Jeremiah S. Drown,
The first order was issued Saturday afternoon, on Smith's Hill, at 4 o'clock, June 25, 1842, by the adjutant-general.
The Bristol Artillery, Barrington Volunteers, Bristol Neck Infantry, Middletown Volunteers, and Newport Volunteers, commanded by Col. William Swan, Jr., were ordered to march to Greenville, Sunday afternoon, June 26, 1842, but in consequence of misapprehension of orders, they encamped at Fruit Hill that night. Col. William W. Brown, with the Marine Corps of Artillery and First Light Infantry, after- wards joined this detachment, and, under command of Colonel Brown, arrived at Greenville Monday afternoon. During Monday night (a very stormy and uncomfortable night) Colonel Brown was ordered to march to Chepachet where the opponents had posted themselves at "Acote's Hill " with embankments and artillery. By daylight, on Tuesday morning, as in the words of the orders (No. 38), "The movements of this command will be made with pre- caution, and an attack will not be made upon the insurgents should they be in too great force to be subdued without reinforcements, which will be immediately sent for, if re- quired."
DANE SIT
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CHARLES F. ANTHONY RESIDENCE, DROWNVILLE.
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END OF THE WAR.
Col. William W. Brown of the First Light Infantry Co., was in command of the force at Greenville consisting of the
Bristol Artillery, Lieut. Col. William R. Taylor 184
Providence Marine Artillery, Lieut. Col. G. C. Nightingale 79
First Light Infantry Co., 2d Reg., Lieut. F. Barber 63
Newport Volunteers, Colonel Swan, Ist Regt. 76 48
Middletown Volunteers, Capt. N. Greene
Barrington Volunteers, Capt. Emerson Humphrey 32
Jamestown Volunteers, Capt. G. Knowles
15
Total.
. 497
The movement on Acote's Hill, on Tuesday, the utter rout of Dorr and his forces, the return of the victorious militia to Providence, and the return of the Barrington Vol- unteers to their homes on Wednesday, June 29, after a week's campaign, to tell of the " Battle of Acote's Hill," were the final scenes in the first serious attempt to create a constitutional government of the people of Rhode Island.
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CHAPTER XXXI
BARRINGTON IN THE CIVIL WAR
Magnitude of "The Great Rebellion " - Rhode Island Patriotism -
First Men from Barrington - Prominent Men Who Stood by the Boys at the Front - Barrington Women - Henry Staples's Services - Town Legislation - Bounties, Aid, etc. - Services of Barrington Soldiers in the War - The Roll of Honor of IS61-5.
T'
"HE "Great Rebellion" of the Southern States against
the United States Government opened by the bom- bardment of Fort Sumpter, Charleston, S. C., April 12, 1861, and closed with the surrender of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army to Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox C. H., Virginia, on the 9th of April, 1865. During this most remarkable war of ancient or mod- ern times, the loyal states furnished 2,778,204 men for the army and navy. Of this great army, 360,000 officers and men died of disease, of wounds, or in battle. The Confederate states furnished, by estimate, 1,000,000 men, and their actual losses, it is assumed, were equal to those in the Union armies. President Lincoln's first call for 75,000 volunteers made April 15, 1861, was responded to promptly by Gov. William Sprague and the people of Rhode Island, and on the 20th of April, Col. Ambrose E. Burnside left Providence for Washington in command of the first detachment of the First Regiment of R. I. D. M., to be followed on the 24th of April by the second detachment, in command of Lieut. Col. Joseph S. Pitman. On the 17th of April, Albert W. Bul- lock, a Barrington boy, in business in Providence, was enrolled in Co. D, of the First Regiment, R. I. D. M., and so far as the Adjutant-General's report shows, was the only Barrington soldier in the battle of Bull Run, fought on the
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BARRINGTON PATRIOTIC.
2Ist of June, 1861. Four other Barrington boys, equally . patriotic and prompt to respond to the call of duty, on the 18th of April enlisted in the First Regiment, but greatly to their disappointment, the ranks had been filled by those living near the enlisting office in the city, and they were not mustered in. The names of the four young men were George Lewis Smith, Josiah Townsend Smith, John Watson, and Henry H. Watson, all neighbors at Nayatt. Two of these men saw war service later on, while one, Josiah T. Smith, a brave fellow, on other fields where valor was equally needed, went to California and died at his post in command of his vessel, in a storm on the Pacific coast. The splendid patriotism of our Rhode Island people was nowhere more profound and self-sacrificing than in Barrington. The lead. ing men were in sympathetic touch with the state authori- ties and the calls for men and money were met with alacrity and cheerfulness. Prominent among those who encouraged the cause at home and at the front may be named Lewis B. Smith, Allen C. Mathewson, John A. Wheaton, Benjamin Martin, Edwin Harris, Henry Staples, William H. Allin, Leonard S. Bosworth, George R. Kinnicutt, Nathaniel C. Smith, Allen Brown, Nathaniel Peck, W. H. Smith, Earl C. Potter, Hezekiah and Ebenezer Tiffany, Edward F. Rich- mond, Joseph A. Chedel, C. J. M. Smith, George W. Lewis, Joseph B. Martin, Benjamin B. Wood, George F. Bicknell, Robert T. Smith, and others.
The Barrington women of 1861-5 were no less patriotic and serviceable in behalf of the Barrington boys and other soldiers in camp, field, and hospital, than were their mothers and grandmothers of 1775. Home comforts were prepared, lint-scraped, garments for underwear made, letters written, and all sorts of womanly kindnesses done to aid, comfort, and cheer the boys who were bearing the burdens at the front. Then, too, when death came to Barrington homes from the far- away battlefield, or hospital, the women of the town as well as the men were quick to carry their sympathies and assist-
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
ance as needed to bleeding hearts and stricken lives at the home circles, whose light had gone out forever.
Mr. Henry Staples was a most valuable aid to the town during the civil War, by his experience in the Providence Militia, holding as he did a commission as Colonel of the First Light Infantry of Providence. He offered his services as volunteer in the army, but was declined, when he applied to Governor Sprague and obtained muskets and accoutre- ments for the use of the Barrington militia in individual and company drill in the town, in preparation for active service in the field. This company, at one time a hundred strong, met for drill in the hall at Nayatt, under Mr. Staples's instruction, twice a week duirng a large portion of the recruiting period of the war. This practise in the manual of arms and in company exercise was of great value to the men who went into service, as it gave them the skill and confidence of veterans when they enlisted, as many of them afterwards did for real war experience.
The spirit of our townspeople and their constant loyalty to the government may be evidenced not only by the ser- vices of the boys who went to the front, but by the town legislation, some of which is quoted in this connection.
TOWN MEETING, May 25, 1861. At this meeting it was voted to appropriate two hundred dollars for the assistance of a military company then being formed, and also to grant a bounty of thirty dollars to each man who enlisted in the service of the United States. The part of their act granting a bounty was repealed April 2, 1862, after $450 had been paid for bounties.
JULY 12, 1862. The following resolutions were passed :
"Resolved, that any resident of this town who may volunteer in the service of the army of the United States for three years, or during the War, in any Regiment from this State now called for or hereafter to be called for by the Governor of this State shall receive a bounty of Thirty Dollars from
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TOWN LEGISLATION.
this town, provided said person has been a resident of this town at least three months previous to his enlistment."
" Resolved, that the payment provided for in the above resolution be paid by the Town Treasurer out of any money in the Treasury, upon receipt of an order from a Committee con- sisting of Messrs. Allen Brown, Benjamin B. Wood, and Nathaniel C. Smith. Voted that the Town Treasurer be authorized to pay Henry C. Brown the sum of thirty dollars upon presentation by him of a certificate that he had been sworn into the service of the army of the United States."
JULY 31, 1862. At a special Town Meeting the following preamble and resolutions were adopted : "Whereas the Gov- ernor of this State has made a call upon this Town to forth. with furnish Ten Volunteers, being this Town's quota under the call made by the President of the United States, it is therefore Resolved that the bounty offered by this town at the special town meeting held on the 12th day of July, inst., is hereby repealed."
"Resolved, that this town hereby offers a bounty of three hundred dollars to each one of such ten volunteers as will be received by the State authorities as the quota from this town under the call of the Commander-in-Chief, as per General Orders No. 35, said bounty to be payable at the time said volunteer is sworn into the service of the Army of the United States. "
"Resolved, that in addition to the unexpended appropria- tion made at the special town meeting on the 25th day of May, 1861, for the benefit of such military company forming or about to be formed, the sum of one hundred and fifty dol- lars is hereby appropriated and is to be expended under the direction of the Committee appointed at the last town meet- ing under whose direction is also to be paid the above bounty to volunteers.
" Resolved, that Mr. Joseph A. Chedel and Mr. George F. Bicknell be authorized to get the ten volunteers called for in the above resolutions, and if they procure such as are ac-
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THE HISTORY OF BARRINGTON.
cepted by the State authorities within fifteen days from this date, they shall be paid by the Town Treasurer ten dollars for each man.
" Resolved that the time for receiving the volunteers from this town who are to receive the bounty of three hundred dollars shall expire on the fifteenth day of August next."
" Resolved, that the Assessors of this town be directed to make within thirty days a new enrollment of all the citizens of this town : Such an enrollment as is called for by the Ad- jutant-General each year."
SEPTEMBER 1, 1862. The following preamble and resolu- tions were adopted : - " Whereas the President of the United States under date of August 9, 1862, has called for three hundred thousand men by draft, it is therefore, Resolved, that we the undersigned agree to pay the sums affixed to our respective names into the hands of a Committee here- after to be chosen, said sums to form a fund to be used and appropriated by said committee in their discretion for the procuring of substitutes to take the place of those who may be drafted in town under the above call, and who may desire a substitute. Any part of the above fund not used by said committee to be returned to the subscribers."
NAMES.
I George B. Allen $5 00
2 Thomas R. Allin .
25 00
16 Peleg H. Barnes 10 00
3 William H. Allin
25 00
17 Capt. Crosby 10 00
4 Welcome Arnold 5 00 18 William Carter 3 00
5 James Adams 10 00
19 Joseph A. Chedel . 12 00
6 Henry A. Adams 4 00
20 Solomon Cooke 5 00
7 John W. Barnes 7 00
21 John Clark 5 00
8 Joseph Bean
7 00
22 Edward Clark
25 00
9 Leonard S. Bosworth
35 00
23 Hiram Drown 30 00
Io Jonathan Bowen 10 00
II William J. Bowen 15 00
12 Allen Brown 30 00
13 Nathaniel Brown 10 00
14 James D. Bullock 10 00
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