USA > South Carolina > The Jews of South Carolina, from the earliest times to the present day > Part 10
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12 The Georgetown Gazette, May 22, 1798.
13 Ibid., Dec. 13, 1800. The Postmasters mentioned may have occupied their positions prior to the dates here given, but the authoritative sources of reference, beyond those quoted, are not at hand.
14 Ibid., Nov. 27, 1798.
128 THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Markets in 1799.15 Moses Myers, of Georgetown, was Clerk of the Court of General Sessions and Common Pleas in 1798.16 Eleazer Elizer was Postmaster in Greenville in 1794. Abraham Mendez Seixas was one of the magis- trates of the City of Charleston and Warden of the Work House in 1797. He occupied this position at the time of his death in 1799.17 Dr. Levi Myers was a member of the Leg- islature in 1796, and prior to 1800 was appointed Apothe- cary-General of the State, a position that he occupied till his death, in 1822.
Nor do we find many Jews in the professions during this period. Moses Myers, of Georgetown, was admitted to the Bar in 1793-the first Jewish attorney in South Carolina.18 Abraham Myers, also of Georgetown, was admitted in 1796.19 Dr. Sarzedas was a practising physician in Charles- ton in 1795-the only Jewish physician in Charleston in his
15 The Georgetown Gazette, Feb. 20, 1799.
16 Ibid., May 22, 1798.
17 The following note, in the handwriting of his son, is taken from the prayer-book of Captain Abraham Seixas, in the possession of the author: "9th April, '99-Corresponding with the 4th of Nisan 5559. Departed this Life, my Hond. Father Abraham Mendes Seixas, Esqr. Aged 49 years & 26 Days at 12 o'Clock in the Day ( Tuesday) after an Illness of 4 Days, during all which Time he was continually deranged in his Mind. at the time he Died he was Magistrate of the City & Warden of the Work House, Parnas Presidenta of K. K. Beth eloim and Trustee for the same. his Corpse was taken from the House on Wednesday after noon 4 o Clock, & carried to the snogar and all round the outside, while prayers was sung adapted to the occasion after once going round. it was carried in & Lodged in front, while the Kinah of Kol al le lah was sung, from thence to the Bet Hayim were he was Intered at 5 o Clock. A greater Number of People never was seen at a Funeral in Charleston before among our Profession my Father was Born in New York & came to Charleston in June 1774 which place he has resided in ever since." 19 O'Neall: Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of South Caro- lina, Vol. 2, p. 602.
19 Ibid.
129
1783-1800
day.20 After 1800, however, the Jews of Charleston played a conspicuous part in art, in science, and in literature, to all of which they made eminent contributions. They at- tained considerable prominence commercially, however, principally in the "vendue" business. One of these "ven- due masters" has left us an advertisement, which gives us a good insight into the miscellaneous nature of an auction and brokerage business of those days. This advertisement is unique-there is nothing like it in the Gazettes:
" ADVERTISEMENT.
" ABRAHAM SEIXAS, All so gracious, Once again does offer His service pure For to secure Money in the coffer.
" The young ones true, If that will do, May some be had of him
To learn your trade
They may be made Or bring them to your trim.
" He has for sale
Some negroes, male, Will suit full well grooms, He has likewise Some of their wives Can make clean, dirty rooms.
" The boatmen great, Will you elate They are so brisk and free; What e'er you say,
They will obey, If you buy them of me.
" For planting, too, He has a few To sell, all for the cash, Of various price, To work the rice Or bring them to the lash.
" He also can Suit any man With land all o'er the State;
A bargain, sure, They may procure If they dont stay too late.
20 His name occurs as an M.D. in a list of subscribers to The Traiteur, Charleston, 1795. There is an earlier mention of a Jewish physician in Charleston, in the Columbia records. It occurs in a "Bill of Sale of negroes from Nathan Levy, 'pysician,' to Meyer Moses, merchant." It is dated April, 1772. (Columbia Records, Book PP, 1771-4, p. 193.)
130
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
"For papers he Will sure agree,
By note or phiz, What e'er it is
Bond, note or publiek debt;
That they have got to sell
To sell the same
If with good name And buyer can be met
" He surely will Try all his skill To sell, for more or less, The articles
"To such of those As will dispose He begs of them to tell;
Of beans and belles, That they to him address." "
The Jewish community is now a large and prosperous one. It will soon be at the zenith of its greatness. It is already the largest, the most cultured, and the wealthiest Jewish community in America.22
2 The South-Carolina State Gazette, Sept. 6, 1794.
33 The following interesting reference to the Jews of Charleston of this period is to be found in Winterbotham: A Historical, Geographical, Commercial and Philosophical View of the United States of America (New York, 1796), Vol. 1, p. 394:
"The Jews in Charleston, among other peculiarities in burying their dead, have these: After the funeral dirge is sung, and just before the corpse is deposited in the grave, the coffin is opened, and a small bag of earth, taken from the grave, is carefully put under the head of the deceased; then some powder, said to be earth brought from Jerusalem, and carefully kept for this purpose, is taken and put upon the eyes of the corpse, in token of their remembrance of the Holy Land, and of their expectations of returning thither in God's appointed time. The articles of their faith are well known, and therefore need no description. They generally expect a glorious return to the Holy Land, when they shall be exalted above all the nations of the earth. And they flatter themselves that the period of their return will speedily arrive, though they do not venture to fix the precise time."
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CHAPTER VIII-1800-1824
EFORE discussing this most interest- ing period in the history of the Jews of South Carolina, it would be well to glance at the Jews of the United States in the year 1800.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century there were only a few, small, scattered communities of Jews in the United States. The total Jewish population did not exceed, if indeed it repre- sented, a total of 2,500 souls, though there are writers who have made a somewhat higher estimate of the Jewish population of that period. There was the Congregation Shearith Israel, of New York, the oldest of them all. Then there was the Congregation Yeshuat Israel, of Newport, R. I., or what was left of it-for most of the Jewish popu- lation had departed with the decadence of its commerce after the Revolution. There was the small Mickveh Israel Congregation, of Savannah, and the Congregation that bore the same name at Philadelphia. There was the Beth Sha- lome Congregation of Richmond, Va., and possibly a small Congregation at Lancaster, Pa. And, finally, there was the largest community of all -- K. K. Beth Elohim of Charles- ton, S. C. We are fortunately to-day in possession of the records of this last Congregation, recovered by a peculiar accident in the summer of 1902. Without these records, 131
132
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
this wondrously interesting chapter could not have been completely written.1
First, then, as to the community itself. In the year 1800 there were, in round numbers, about one hundred Jewish heads of families in Charleston. The total number of Jew- ish souls was about five hundred. There were also a few Jews scattered through the State, notably in Jacksonbor- ough, Pon Pon, Camden, Georgetown, Beaufort, and Black Mingo. By 1824 their number was considerably increased.
During this period the Jews were to be found in every branch of trade and commerce. They were principally mer- chants, store-keepers, shop-keepers, vendue-masters, brok- ers, and auctioneers. They were likewise well represented in the arts and professions. In public life, too, their influ- ence was considerable.
The following is a fairly complete Directory of the Jews of South Carolina for 1800-1824:2
Aaron, Solomon (1800).
Abendanone, Jacob.3
Aarons, Moses (1811).
, Joseph (1800). Abendanone, David (1800). Hyam (1801).
Abrahams, Abraham. S .*
1 See Elzas: A History of Congregation Beth Elohim, of Charleston, S. C., 1800-1810. Compiled from Recently Discovered Records. (Charles- ton, S. C., 1902.)
" This Directory is compiled from newspaper files, synagogue archives, directories, and almanacs scattered in public and private libraries in this State, many of which are exceedingly rare and inaccessible to the public. There are many doubtful names in the records. Only such names have been included as could positively be identified through the many sources of information now available. Names which are manifestly those of transients have been excluded. The dates in brackets are the years in which these names are first found in the records of Beth Elohim. It will be observed that practically every Jew who lived in Charleston was a contributor to the Congregation. The Synagogue compelled every Jew to support it, under the severest penalties. (See Constitution of 1820, § 12.)
3 Directory for 1809.
' Ibid. Edisto.
133
1800-1824
Abrahams, Elias (1814).
Emanuel (1802). , Hyam (1802). , Hyman.
66 , Isaac (1800). Israel.
66 , Jacob (1800).
66 , Levy J.5 , Moses (1800). " , Samuel."
Abrams, Moïse (1800).
Aguilar, Joseph (1504).
Albergo, Judah (1800). , Moses (1801). Alexander, Abraham (1800).
, Jr. (1800).
Alexander (1818). , Judah (1800). , Moses (1800).
Amesquita, R. D. (1811).
Aronson, Woolf (1800).
Audler, E. (1814). , Myer (1817). , Sol. (1523). Azevedo, B. C. D'. (1805). , Isaac D'. (1800). , M. Cohen D'. (1819). Azuby, Abraham (1800).
Barnard, Alexander (1806).
Barnet, Barnet (1801).
, Moses (1818).
Barrett, Abraham (1803).
, Isaac (1814). , Jacob (1818). , Judah (1802). Benjamin, Philip (1823). Bernard, M.
Bramson, Jacob (1823). Brandon, David (1805). Buley, Jacob (1806).
Canter, Abraham (1801). 66 , Benjamin (1802). , David (1800).
, Emanuel (1800).
, Isaac (1800).
66 Jacob (1800). . , John (1802). , Jonathan (1800).
66 , Joshua (1800). Cantor, David (1800). 66 , Jacob (1800). Cardozo, David (1800).
, Isaac N (1818). , Jacob N. (1807). Carvalho, D. N. (1811).
, E. N. D. (1807). Cohen, Abraham (1800). -
,
(1810).8
66 , Jr. (1800). 66
66
A. (1823). Barnard (1800). -
66
, Jr. (1819).
- Barnet (1802). ,
, Benjamin (1801). , Esdaile P. (1825). , Gershon (1800). (1807).9 , Hartwig (1815). 66 Henry (1800).
66 , Hyam (1807). Isaac (1814).10 66
S. (1823).
66 Isdel (1818). .
66 , Jacob (1800).
5 Directory for 1809. 6 Ibid. Edisto. ' Georgetown.
8 Edisto. ' Son of Philip Cohen. 10 Beaufort.
66
134
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Cohen, Jacob, Jr. (1502).
(1818).2
66 D. (1809). 66 66 I. (1806). John.1 , , Jonas (1818). , Joseph (1801).
66
$6 , Judah (1823). , Lewin (1818).13
66 , Lewis (181S). Mordecai (1800).
66 S. (1809). , Moses (1800). Myer M. , Nathaniel (1823).14 , Philip (1800).
66 Samuel (1804). , Solomon (1800).15 1
16 Jr. (1800).
I. (1803).
Coleman, Benjamin.18 , Wolf (1803).
, Sylvester (1804).
Corre, Jacob (1805).
Cortissoz, Emanuel (1819).
Da Costa, Aaron (1S02).
, Isaac (1800).
66 , Joseph.11
Daniels, Henry (1818).
Davega, David.1: " , Isaac (1818). , Moses (1803).
David, Jacob.19
Davis, Davis (1805).
, George (1818). , H. (1823). 64 , Israel (1800). , Moses (1814). De Jongh, J.
De La Motta, Emanuel (1800). 66 , Jacob (1S1]). De Leon, Abraham (1811). " , Jacob (1800). , M. H. (1814). De Lieben, Israel (1800).
De Lyon, Isaac (1S02).
De Pass, Abraham."
, Jacob (1823). , Joseph (1808). Ralph (1800). De Young, M. H. (1819). Elizer, Eleazer (1800).
" , Elisha .- 1 , Isaac (1800). Ellis, Myer (1818). Emanuel, Emanuel (1800). 66 , Isaac (1806). , Michael (1801). , Nathan (1803). 66 Emsden, August (1818).22
Etting, Elkan (1S01).
Ezekiel, Emanuel (1818).23
Florance, Jacob (1819).
, Levy (1811).
11 Columbia. 12 Directory for 1813.
13 Georgetown.
Directory for 1802.
14 Directory for 1806. 15 Georgetown. 16 Directory for 1806.
13 Cheraw. Buried Charleston Cemetery.
1 Directory for 1807. Directory for 1806.
2" Directory for 1802. " Georgetown.
33 Killer of cattle for the Congregation Beth Elohim.
135
1800-1824
Florance, Lewis (1818).
, Zachariah (1802).
Frideburg, - (1807).
Goldsmith, Abraham (1802).
Isaac (1803). , I. M. (1809). , Morris (1810). , Moses (1802).
66
, Richard (1818).
60 , Samuel (1804). , Solomon (1S04).
Gomez, Elias (1802).
, Isaac D. C. (1805). , Jacob (1800). , Lewis.24 , P. H.º5
Goodman, M., Dr. (1805).
Green, David (1818).
Harby, G. W. (1820).
" , Isaac (1806). 66 , Solomon (1503). Harris, Andrew (1800).
,Hyam (1800).
66 , Jacob (1800). " , Jr. (1800). , Moses (1806). ,
Hart, Daniel (1800). , Henry (1801). , Joseph (1802). , Leo (1804). , Levi (1812). Mathias (1803). , Moses (1S11). , Naphthaly (1801).
, Nathan (1S02).
" , Simon M. (1800). « , Solomon (1803).
Henry, Barnard (1807).
Henry, Jacob (1823).2%
, Joel (1809). , Maurice L. (1801).2 Hertz, Alexander (1804).
, H. M. (1802). , Jacob (1809). Heydenfeld, Jacob (1808).
Hunt, Solomon (1823).
Hyam, Daniel (1818).
Hyams, David (1800).
Henry (1814).
,
, Isaac (1808).
, Mordecai (1S12).
, M. K. (1822).
, Samuel (1800). , Solomon (1800).
Hyman, B. (1823). Isaacks, Abraham (1802).
, Jr. (1800).
, A. M. (1800).
, Michael (1$19).
, Sampson (1804). , Solomon (1803). Jackson, Montagu (1811). Jacobs, Abraham (1800).
, Barnard (1800).
, Fisher (1823). 16 , Hyam (1800). $6 , Hyman (1802).
66 , Jacob (1806).
, Levi (1818). 66 , Moses (1823).
, Myer (1811). , Samuel (1805). Jones, Abraham (1800). " , Samuel (1800). Joseph, A. (1811). , Barnet (1802).
" Directory for 1803. 16 Directory for 1802.
3" Directory for 1806. " Living in Georgetown in 1812.
136
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Joseph, Daniel M. (1S18).
Henry (1818).25 , Isaac (1818). , Israel (1800). Joseph (1800).» , Lazarus (1802). , Levy (1810). , Lizer (1800).3 , Moses (1818). , Samuel (1802). , Sol. M. (1800). 66
Judah, Jacob (1800).
Labat, A. C.31
"
, David (1800).
, Isaac C.
Lazarus, Aaron (1800).
Benj. D. (1823). , Henry (1814). ,
Isaac (1804). Jacob (1805). , " , Jr. (1814). B. (1823).
Joseph (1803). Joshua (1823). ,
46 Marks (1800).
66 , Michael (1811). , Moses L. (1818). , Simon (1800).
Lee, Joseph (1818).
Lemmon, ---- (1823).
Levin, Emanuel (1819). “ Lewis (1808).
, , Jr. (1818).
Levy, Abraham (1811). " L. (1818).
Levy, Barnard (1818).
, Chapman (1819).32
, David (1801). , Eleazer.33 , Elias (1814).
, Emanuel (1800).
, George (1818).
66 Hart (1800). ,
, Hayman (1918).31
, Jacob (1800). 66 C. (1811) .
56
L. (1814).
,
Jonas J. (1818).
66 , Judah B. (1818).
, Lyon (1800). , Mordecai (1809).
Moses (1805).
C. (1800).
Nathan (1800). 2
Reuben (1800).
66
, Samuel (1801).
66 , Sam. L. (1818).35
, Simon (1802).
66
, Solomon (1803).
, Jr. (1803).
Uriah (1823). ,
Zachariah (1800).
Lewis, David (1804).
Lindo, Charles (1818).
Lipman, A. (1810).
Lobell, Moses (1803).
Loevenstein, -- (1818).
Lopez, Aaron (1800).
" , Abraham (1800).
, David (1800).
28 Georgetown. " Georgetown in 1823. Georgetown.
31 Directory for 1816.
32 Camden. 33 Directory for 1803.
34 Camden. 35 Columbia.
€
66
66
137
1800-1824
Lopez, John.38 66 , Joseph (1804). , Moses (1819). , Samuel (1800). Lyon, Isaac (1805).37 , Joseph (1818). , Levy (1804). , Mordecai (1800). , Moses (1806). , Solomon D. (1809). William (1818).28 ,
Moïse, Aaron, Jr. (1S18).
, ,
Abraham (1823). , Jr.
2 , Benjamin (1805). , Cherry (1800). , Hyam (1802). , Isaac (1823). , Jacob (1818). Monsanta, M. R. (1805). , Rodrigues (1804).
Morales, Jacob (1800). Mordecai, David (1801).
, Goodman (1809). , Isaac (1823). , Jacob. , Joseph. , Noah (1810). Morley, N. (1810).
Morris, Aaron (1811). 66 , Henry (1802). , Simpson (1809). Morse, Solomon (1818). Moses, Abraham (1800).
, Jr. (1814).
, Andrew (1810). 66 , Chapman (1805).
, David (180).
66
, Daniel L. (1815).
, Fishel (1803).
, Franklin J.
Melhado, Benjamin (1800).
, David (1801).
« , Emanuel (1803).
Mendez, Aaron (1802).
66
, , Jr. (1800).
Moïse, Aaron (1800).
16 C. (1802).
34 Directory for 1809.
37 The distinction between Lyon and Lyons is not always clearly made in the records of Beth Elohim. 28 Pineville. " Directory for 1802. 3 Directory for 1816.
wi
Lyons, Isaac (1815). , Jacob (1823). , Joseph (1818). Mairs, Levy (1823).
, Simon (1803).
Manheim, Israel (1801).
, Sol. (1800). Marchand, Levy (1819). Marks, Alexander (1804). , Elias." , Hyam (1800). , Humphrey (1802). , Joseph.w , Mark (180-1). , Solomon (1805). 66 , S. M. (1800).
Massias, Abraham (1804).
, A. A. (1819). « , Sol. H. (1802).
Hart, Jr. (1818). , Henry (1803). ,
$6 Isaac (1800). ,
138
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Moses, Isaiah (1800).
, Jr. (1804).
Israel (1806). ,
16 , J. C,#1 , Joseph (1802). , Levy (1803). , Lyon (1800). , Moses L. (1818). , Myer (1800).
, Philip (1818). , Reuben (1818). , Simon. , Solomon (1800). , Jr. (180S).
Phillips, Aaron (1809).1
Abraham (1809). ,
,
Benjamin (1800).
, Judah A. (1802).
Myers, Abraham (1801).
, Israel (1800). , Jacob (1801). , Levi (1805).2 , Lewis (1802).
, Michael (1801).
66 , Mordecai (1804). , Moses (1801).43 , Samuel (1800).
, Solomon (1801)."
Naar, Moïse (1801). " , Mordecai.15
Nathan, A. M. (1804).4
, Ralph (1802).
, David (1800).
Riverra, Abraham R. (1801).
" Directory for 1818.
" Georgetown in 1805 and Charleston in 1814.
13 Georgetown. 43 Directory for 1802.
" Georgetown.
The names Nathan and Nathans are not kept distinct in the records
of Beth Elohim. " Directory for 1816. " Directory for 1802.
48 Beaufort in 1S12.
, Nathan (1803). = , Solomon (1800). Nettling, Solomon (1802).
Noah, Mordecai (1811).
" , Uriah (1811). Offen, Jacobus V. (1810).
Oppenheim, H. W. (1823).
Ottolengui, Abraham (1808).
Peixotto, S. C. (1819).
Perrera, Jacob (1800).
Moss, Joseph (1823).
Motta, Isaac (1800).
66
I. (1819).
, , David (1800). ,
, Jacob (1808). , Philip . (1818). : Solomon (1803). Pinto, David (1808).
Pollock, Joseph (1923). 66 , Levy (1S09). , Solomon.40 Pool, Isaac (1800).
Rees, ----- (1819).
Ricardo, Benjamin (1800).
, Joseph (1801).
Nathan, Henry (1812).
, Isaiah (1819). " , Moses."
139
1800-1824
Rodrigues, Abraham (1800). , Moïse." , Theodore. Russel, Moses (1818). " , Samuel (1802).
“ , Solomon (1501). Sacedote, Joseph C. (1S1S).
Salamon, Levy (1805).
66 , Lewis.5 , Salamon.5%
Sampson, Elias (1805).
, Henry (1819). , Joseph (1813). , Michael (1905). 6 , Samuel (1823). 66 Mark (1805). ,
Samuel, Hyman. 63 , Joshua (1810).
Sarzedas, David." , 66
, Jr.34
Sasportas, Abraham (1800).
Seixas, Isaac M. (1800). " , Jacob (1823). Simon, Michael (1505).
Simons, Israel (1801). 65 , Montague (1800).
" , Moses (1800). , Sampson (1800). , Samuel (1800).
Simpson, Jacob (1823).
, Michael (1806).
Sirqui, Joseph (1804). Slowman, Abraham (1819). Solomon, Aaron (1809).
, Abraham (1818).
, Israel (1818).35 66 , Lewis (1818). Solomons, Alexander (1802).
, Benjamin (1802). , Chapman (1802).
, Hart (1804),
16
Israel (1800). 7 , Joseph (1800). , Judah. , Levy (1800).
, Nathan (1802).
66 , Sampson (1519).") , Solomon (1805). 66 Spitz, I. A. (1818).
Suares, David I. (1801).
, Isaac (1804). , Jacob (1800). " , Jr. (1809). -
I. (1800). Tobias, Abraham (1311).
, Isaac (1800).
66 , Jacob (1800). , Joseph (1800). Tongue, Abraham (1802).
Torres, Abraham (1801).
00 'Directory for 1806. 51 Ibid.
5% Ibid. The names Salaman, Solomon, and Solomons are not differen- tiated in the records of Beth Elohim.
Directory for 1806.
" Directory for 1816. 5 Georgetown. The distinction between Solomon and Solomons is not carefully made in the records of Beth Elohim, nor is the author able to distinguish between these names. 34 Georgetown.
+
140 THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Valance, Moses (1801).
Valentine, Abrabam O.
, Samuel (1823). Waage, Mordecai G. (1802).
Warner, William (1819).
Waterman, S. A. (1823).
Weissenberger, --- (1818).
Woolf, Isaac (1806).
Zemach, Abraham (1801).
Of this large and flourishing community most of its mem- bers, as we have already stated, followed commercial pur- suits. A more than ordinarily large percentage, however, found scope for their efforts in fields outside of commerce. The following brief and necessarily incomplete notes will furnish an idea of their multifarious activities during this period.
Myer Moses was a member of the Legislature in 1810. Chapman Levy, of Camden, represented Kershaw in 1812, and was Senator from Kershaw in 1818.
Joshua Canter and John Canter were portrait and min- iature painters.
Joshua Canter came to Charleston from Denmark in 1792. He had received his education as an artist under a professor of the academy at Copenhagen. He painted and taught drawing for many years in Charleston. He was here as late as 1822. "He was devotedly attached to the art, and possessed talents which, under more favoring cir- cumstances, and with that professional competition which he did not find at that time in South Carolina, might have raised him to a higher standing among artists than he actu- ally enjoyed. He died in New York. " 57
John Canter (1782-1823) was likewise a portrait and min-
51 Dunlap: History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, Vol. 1, pp. 426-7.
" He made great exertions to create a correct taste in drawing among our citizens, in which he succeeded. His productions possess consider- able merit."-Mills: Statistics of South Carolina, p. 466.
141
1800-1824
iature painter who attained considerable distinction. He was also a well-known drawing teacher,58
David Sarzedas, Sr., had been practising as a physician in Charleston since 1795. He was still practising in 1822; Isaac Da Costa was a physician in 1809; Dr. Levi Myers removed to Charleston from Georgetown in 1812, and after practising there for some time returned to Georgetown; Jacob De La Motta, who afterwards became very distin- guished, was a physician in 1810, and Abraham De Leon, who afterwards settled in Camden, was practising in Charleston in 1813. Zachariah Florance was a dentist in 1802.
Moses Myers, of Georgetown, was Clerk of the Court of General Sessions and Common Pleas from 1800 to 1817. He was Prothonotary of Georgetown in 1806; Chapman Levy, of Camden, was admitted to the Bar in Columbia in 1806; Abraham Moïse, afterwards a distinguished lawyer, was admitted in Charleston in 1822, and Solomon Cohen at Columbia in 1823.
Eleazer Elizer was a Notary Public in 1803. He was the compiler of the Charleston Directory for that year. He was a Justice of the Peace in 1813; Lyon Levy was a Jus- tice Q. U. in 1806; Isaac C. Moses was a Justice of the Peace in 1819, and Moses K. Hyams in 1823.
Isaac Harby, dramatist, critic, and journalist, had done his best work and had almost completed his career during this period; Mordecai M. Noah, romantic dreamer and "the most graceful paragraphist in the United States," had begun his public career as an editor of a paper in Charles- ton; 59 Jacob N. Cardozo was editing The Southern Patriot,
53 Shecut : Medical and Philosophical Essays, pp. 53-4.
" For the romantie career of this remarkable man see Wolf: Mordecai Manuel Noah-A Biographical Sketch. (Philadelphia, 1897.) Sce also The Asmonean, March 28, 1851. Some interesting stories are told about him in The Jewish Messenger for June 25, 1897. Mr. G. A. Kohut has
142
THE JEWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
and was already an acknowledged authority on statistics, banking, and political economy.
Abraham Jacobs was a tutor in 1804; Abraham Otto- lengui, afterwards a prominent merchant, started his career as a teacher in 1807, and Abraham Tongue was a school- master in the same year; Isaac Harby taught school in 1809; Mrs. R. J. Ricardo conducted a school of music in 1810; David Cardozo was a free school teacher in 1812, and master of Free School No. 1 in 1813; Myer M. Cohen established his "Academy" in 1824, and the distinguished Elias Marks founded his famous "Columbia Female Acad- emy" about the same time.
Dr. Levi Myers was Apothecary-General of the State throughout this period to the time of his death in 1822; Lyon Levy was clerk to the State Treasurer in 1806, Dep- uty State Treasurer in 1813, and State Treasurer from 1817 to 1822.
Lizar Joseph was Coroner for Georgetown in 1821.
Lewis Gomez was Turnkey of the jail in 1802, and J. M. Seixas, Master of the Workhouse in the same year; Moses Solomon was a Constable in 1802, Nathan Hart in 1821, and Solomon Moses in 1822; Samuel Hyams was Crier of the Court in 1816 and Keeper of the Jail in 1822; Morris Gold- smith was Deputy Marshal in 1819; Henry Goldsmith was Deputy Registrar in Equity in 1822; Elisha Elizer was City Deputy Sheriff of Charleston in 1506, and Mark Marks and Solomon Moses, Jr., Deputy Sheriffs in 1822.
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