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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01066 7217
A.Richards
HISTORY OF
SOUTH DAKOTA
BY
DOANE ROBINSON
TOGETHER WITH
PERSONAL MENTION OF CITIZENS OF SOUTH DAKOTA
ILLUSTRATED
VOL. I.
1904 B. F. BOWEN & CO. PUBLISHERS
(
(2015)
0 2.
1
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE
1142443
In placing the "History of South Dakota" before the citizens of the state, the publish- ers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out in full every promise made in the pros- pectus. They point with pride to the elegance of the binding of the volumes, and to the beauty of the typography, to the superiority of the paper on which the work is printed, and the truthfulness depicted by its portraits and the high class of art in which they are finished. The historical chapters from the pen of Mr. Doane Robinson, as well as the special articles by other able and well-known writers, compose a valuable collection and will prove not only of interest to the present generation, but of inestimable worth to future historians, being the result of patient toil and deep research. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested for approval and correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared.
The publishers would here avail themselves of the opportunity to thank the citizens of South Dakota for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information. Confident that our efforts to please will fully meet the approbation of the public, we are
Respectfully,
B. F. BOWEN & Co.,
Publishers.
INTRODUCTORY
It is not easy to determine the exact date for the beginning of the history of South Da- kota. In the examination of this subject I have, for a period, adopted one date after another as a suitable starting point, only upon fuller examination to reject each in turn for another more remote. Under the necessity for beginning somewhere, I have, for the purposes of this history, adopted the Christian era as the most convenient base. Not but that many cir- cumstances antedating the birth of Christ have sent their influence down the ages to modify the conditions under which South Dakota is peopled, and to, in a degree, shape the character of the people of South Dakota. The coming of Christ, however, brought into the world a new influence, which so revolutionized thought, conduct and character as to establish a distinct and unmistakable historical landmark from which it is natural to date the philosophy of modern development and justify the arbitrary declaration that South Dakota's history began when Christ was born.
When we consider the slow processes by which mankind has been brought up to the present state of civilization, enlightenment and liberality of thought and action, we are in- stantly brought to realize the admirable scheme of Providence, which held America in re- serve so long, for the uses of a developed people, where the best product of humanity should find its opportunity and expression.
The first intent of all natural selection seems to be the development of character; the making of men for the peculiar needs of advancing and complex social relations and adapt- ing them to the high purposes of God's plan for the ultimate perfecting of the race.
The truth of the foregoing conclusion is readily discerned as we follow the spread of Christianity throughout Europe and under its influence forging, shaping and mellowing the barbarians of the continent into the Anglo-Saxon freemen who in the progress of time were called to carry to American shores the civilization which has come to be the wonder of the very fields whence came the seed.
We can only at this time suggest the always interesting development of human charac- ter through dark ages on the continent, during which the wheels of time and of progress seemed to be almost reversed, and the slow approach to more ideal conditions in after years, while war, crusade and the stern ecessities of life were whipping into shape those elements in character which tribulation could not daunt, nor persecution humble, the making of the spirit which was in the fullness of time to conquer the barbarian, subdue the forest and make the American wilderness bloom, the while planting here the standard of a freedom to the in- dividual such as the world has not elsewhere known.
If Europe then, through two thousand years, was preparing and selecting the stock which should create America, so too from that noble stock has another selection been made by the tedious but certain processes of the later centuries which have produced a people for the
INTRODUCTORY.
plains and mountains of Dakota. Every step of the way from the cradle of Christ down to the founding of Dakota's schools and churches has a wise providence made this people to walk over a way beset with character-perfecting obstacles. Scarcely a day but has pre- sented difficulties, before which a weaker people would have turned in despair, but over and through it all they have pressed steadily forward until on the broad prairies of America a commonwealth sustained by a survival-selected people of superior character crowns their laborious achievement. Notwithstanding this great general truth, it must not be supposed that the law of selection which has operated in the peopling of South Dakota, has kept out of this field every undesirable element. The very conditions of settlement have made it inev- itable that the adventurous frontiersman, given to taking large chances and thoroughly im- bued with the gambling spirit, should have found here conditions peculiarly agreeable to his temperament. Many such came, but they were men of strength and virility.
The development of Dakota, since the period of actual and permanent settlement began in 1859, has presented some peculiar and unique characteristics. That settlement centered around the primitive capital at Yankton. "The Mother City," as the former capital proudly calls herself, gathered to her heart a motley throng. The merchant and the gambler, the devoted missionary and the brazen prostitute, the adroit politician and the earnest states- man, the farmer, the miner, the trader and trapper, the steamboat captain and his reckless roustabouts, the half-breed from the reservation and the freedman from the South, all con- gregated there. While Yankton drew into herself many influences which were evil and degrading, the influences which came out from that place were very largely for good, for the upbuilding of the commonwealth, for the evangelization of the natives, for the planting of schools, the building of churches, the enactment of good laws and the making of a right- eous constitution for the future state. There, when the legislature or the court assembled, Father Inghain, Father Hoyt, Joseph Ward and James S. Foster were ever on the alert to inquire out the points in the territory where schools and churches were needed, or where the word of God could be preached, and promptly they supplied the need, not infrequently through great exertion and even dire hazard and extreme suffering. There, too, was sown the seed of the sentiment for division of the territory, an enterprise which will redound to the benefit of generations yet unborn. There General Beadle set at work the leaven which spread in its working to the limits of the territory and preserved for us the glorious heritage of our school fund and surrounded it with the safeguards which will transmit it unimpaired to posterity forever. It will therefore be apparent that the history of a large portion of the territorial period must necessarily be a history of occurrences at Yankton and for that per- iod there is but little of record which relates more than casually to other sections. Neverthe- less it has been the constant aim to preserve everything of noteworthy interest relating to every portion of the territory comprised within the present state of South Dakota.
In the preparation of the work the author has used unreservedly every authority within his reach and has drawn largely upon the recollections of pioneers, but, wherever possible, fortifying their stories with something from the contemporaneous record. For the sake of brevity, authorities are only given for those matters likely to be most questioned.
DOANE ROBINSON.
Aberdeen, S. D., May, 1904.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I .- The Story Revealed by Geology-The Primeval Ocean-The First Land-Black Hills First Appear Above the Sea-Submerged Again and Again-Erosion Reduces Height and Provides Soil for Western Section of the State-Eastern Part Appears-The Great Valley of Dakota-The Missouri Runs Through James Valley-Preglacial Climate -Wonderful Reptiles and Monstrous Animals-Flora of the Early Days-Professor Todd's Studies-Osborn's Story of the South Dakota Lake and Its Inhabitants.
CHAPTER II .- The Story Told by the Mounds-Little of Archaeological Interest-No Cer- tainty that South Dakota was Inhabited Prior to the Coming of the Indian-Old For- tification at Fort Pierre Most Curious and Uncertain of Origin-Dr. Robinson's Opinion that it is Prehistoric-Hardened Copper-Ree Indian Fortifications of Same Character -Barrandt's Folly-Burial Mounds Numerous-Certainty of Indian Origin-Mounds at Fort Susseton-On the Sioux and the James-Lewis and Clarke Deceived.
27
CHAPTER III .- The Aborigines-The Rees Occupy Missouri Valley-Cadoans' Manner of Life-The Poncas-Omahas-Iowas-Disease the Great Arbiter of Indian Destiny-The Dakotas Wax Strong-Omahas, Poncas and Rees Recede Before Their Progress-Pos- session of Missouri Valley-Comparative Recent Date of Dakota Occupancy-The Win- ter Counts.
40
CHAPTER IV .- White Explorations-Spanish Adventurers-Coronado-Northwood Trip-Not Likely the Spaniards Reached South Dakota - Radisson and Grosseillers, 1654 - Their Itinerary Purely Conjectural-Prof. Kerr's Conclusion Against Their Visit to South Dakota-LeSueur Probably Visited Sioux Falls, 1690-Verendrye Visits Vicinity of Pierre, 1742-French Voyageurs and Trappers in Eighteenth Century-Early Maps and Charts
47
CHAPTER V .- Title to the Soil-Spaniards' Claim Through Coronado-Verendrye Claims Country for France Spanish Title Effaced, 1763-France Recedes to Spain by Secret Treaty, 1802-The Louisiana Purchase, 1803-The Stars and Stripes Float Over the Purchase Jefferson's Foresight-Purchase an Unlooked-for Stroke of Good Fortune- The President Prepares the Way-Astute Message of January, 1803.
52
CHAPTER VI .- Lewis and Clarke Expedition, 1804-A South Dakota Man for Guide-Ser- geant Floyd Sees the Land of Promise and, Like Moses, Dies Before Entering-The First Buffalo Killed at Elk Point-Visit to Spirit Mound, near Vermillion-Council at Yank- ton-Stop at Bon Homme Island-The Pawnee's House Prairie Dogs-Around the Big Bend-Fort aux Cedres-Trouble at Pierre-Valle's Post at Mouth. of the Cheyenne -Visit with Arickaras-Corn and Vegetables Grown
58
CHAPTER VII .- Lewis and Clarke Return to St. Louis-Missouri Fur Company Formed, 1807 -Prior Attempt to Return Big White and Family-Fight with the Rees-Old Pierre
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Choteau in it-Driven Back-Expedition a Failure-Manuel Lisa Appears-Big White Successfully Returns-New Fur Trade.
72
CHAPTER VIII .- The Astoria Expedition, 1811-Washington Irving as a Historian-Pierre Dorion Again in Evidence-Overtaken by Lisa-The Fight at Pierre-Reach the Rickara Towns-Rickara Homes and Customs-The Story of Grey Eyes-Great Council with the Rees-Home Coming of the Warriors-Trade and Barter-Decide to Leave the River-Movement Up Grand River-Edward Rose-Pass Through Black Hills- Grizzly Bears Plenty 77
CHAPTER IX .- A Period of Little Progress from 1810 to 1817-The War of 1812-South Dakotans Take a Hand in it-Manuel Lisa Turns the Indians to American Side-He Spends Several Years in the Dakota Country-His Report to General Clarke. 88
CHAPTER. X .- Joseph LaFramboise Makes Settlement at Fort Pierre-First to Continue Without Interruption-Reaches Missouri with Trader's Packs from Prairie du Chien- Builds Trading Post from Floating Logs at Mouth of Bad River-Winter Counts Men- tion it-His Son Joseph's Story-Subsequent Career of LaFramboise. 93
CHAPTER XI .- Rocky Mountain Fur Company Enters Dakota Field-Fort Tecumseh Suc- ceeds Fort LaFramboise, 1822-Ashley's Expedition, 1823-Massacre by Ree Indians Near Grand River-List of Killed and Wounded-Hugh Glass's Letter-Leavenworth's Expedition-Conquest of the Rees-Bad Conduct of Pilcher-Story of Campaign ... ...
CHAPTER XII .- The Atkinson-O'Fallon Expedition, 1825-Many Treaties Made-July Fourth, 1825, Celebrated at Pierre-Edward Rose Again in Evidence-The Rees Still Humble- Personnel of the Expedition-A Hot Time-Tragedy Averted by Diplomacy-Expedi- tion a Great Success. 108
97
CHAPTER XIII .- The American Fur Company Organized-It Monopolizes Dakota Field, 1827 -Building of Fort Pierre -- The First Steamboat, 1831-The Palmy Days of the Fur Trade 116
CHAPTER XIV .- Fort Pierre Finished-The Post Journal Reveals Much of Interest. 120
CHAPTER XV .- Catlin, the Artist, Visits Fort Pierre, 1832-His Tramp From Yankton-An Observer of Form, but Not of Matter-Paints Many Indian Pictures-Lively Hunting Experiences-Graphic Stories of the Life of the Traders-An Authority on the Primi- tive Indian of Dakota-His Canoe Voyage-Exciting Experiences with Herd of Buffalo Below Chamberlain-Catlin Visits Pipestone Quarry, 1836. . 125
CHAPTER XVI .- Operations on the James and at Big Stone Lake-Fur Settlement in Brown County-Killing of LeBlanc at Rondell by Indignant Yankton-Maj. Joseph R. Brown at Big Stone-A Post at Buffalo Lake-Establishment of Fort Vermillion-General Re- view of Conditions in Dakota During the 'Thirties 131
CHAPTER XVII .- Expedition of Dr. Nicollet, 1838-Accompanied by John C. Fremont- They Visit Pipestone Quarry-Joseph Renville, Guide-Mapping the Coteaus-Lakes Preston, Abert, Poinsett and Others Visited and Named hy Fremont-Mrs. Renville's Story of the Expedition-The Expedition of 1839-The Start from Fort Pierre-Fre- mont Lost-Hunting Buffalo-Fourth of July at Blunt-Across Faulk County-Reach James River-First Formal Religious Worship, 1840-Dr. Riggs-Alexander Huggins' Journey from Lacqui Parle to Fort Pierre-Several Services Enroute -- Regular Preach- ing and Song Service at the Fort-An Enumeration of the Dakota Sioux-The Home- ward Trip
135
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII .- Auduhon, the Naturalist, Visits Dakota-Catalogues the Flora and Fauna, 1843-Helps Evade the Prohibition Law-Interesting Notes from His Journal-The Bad Lands Attract Attention, 1847-Visited by Edward Harris, Geologist. 138
CHAPTER XIX .- Father DeSmet Begins His Missionary Work in Dakota, 1848-His Devo- tion and Sacrifice-A Careful Observer-Notes on Botany and Natural History-The Cholera Plague-Father DeSmet's Devoted Care for the Stricken-The "St. Ange" Leaves Death in its Wake-The Plague at Fort Pierre and Among the Rees-Father Heocken Dies-Father DeSmet Continues His Work. 145
CHAPTER XX .- Treaty of Traverse de Sioux-Description of the Cession-Government's Subsequent Injustice. 148
CHAPTER XXI .- Government Buys Fort Pierre, 1855-Sharp Bargain-Harney Comes Over from Ash Hollow and Takes Possession-Twelve Hundred Troops Winter on the Mis- souri-Looking for a Permanent Building Site-Camp at Mouth of the Sioux-Fort Randall Agreed Upon-Abercrombie and Sully Come Across from Fort Ridgley-The Line of March-Troops at Fort Lookout-Fort Randall Occupied. 150
CHAPTER XXII .- The Warren Explorations-Surveying the Military Reservation-The Trip Overland to Sioux City-A Reconnoisance of the Missouri River-New Route Surveyed to the South Pass-Experiences with the Dakotans-Captain Reynolds' Expedition ... 156
CHAPTER XXIII .- The Spirit Lake Captives in Dakota-Massacre at Spirit Lake, Iowa- Inkpaduta and His Renegades-Rescue of the Captives-Ineffectual Attempts to Cap- ture the Outlaws. 161
CHAPTER XXIV .- Settlement at Sioux Falls, 1857-The Western Town Company and the Dakota Town Company-Conflicting Interests-Indian Scares and Indian Raids- Judge Brookings Arrives-The First Winter in the Settlement-Judge Brookings Loses His Legs-Crude but Successful Surgery-The Sod Fort and its Defenders. 166
CHAPTER XXV .- The Yankton Treaty of 1858-Description of
the Cession-The Indians Dissatisfied-Speech of Bear's Rib-Final Ratification 172
CHAPTER XXVI .- Political Movement-Provisional Government Established-The Legisla- ture Convenes-Alpheus G. Fuller Sent to Congress-Admission Refused-Governor Masters Elected. 175
CHAPTER XXVII .- Newspaper Established-Some Interesting Items. 178
CHAPTER XXVIII .- The Election of 1859-Judge Kidder Arrives-Is Elected to Congress and Likewise Turned Down-Death of Governor Masters-Albright Elected-Brookings Acting Governor 182
CHAPTER XXIX .- Coming of the Settlers-Treaty of 1858 Ratified-Reservation Opened -Beginnings in Missouri Valley-Settlement at Yankton, Vermillion, Bon Homme and Meckling-General Todd-Many Old-Timers Make Permanent Plants-First School Estab- lished at Bon Homme-Early Religious Services 185
CHAPTER XXX .- The Territory Created by Congress-Governor Jayne Appointed-Census Taken and Election Called-Fight for Congress-General Todd Elected. 188
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXI .- The First Territorial Legislature-Locating the Capitol-Speaker Pinney Deposed - Jim Somers - Stutsman-Some Wise Laws-Foolish Measures-The Horse Play at the Close of the Session. 192
CHAPTER XXXII .- Campaign of 1862-Jayne and Todd for Congress-Jayne Gets Certificate -Seat Contested by Todd-The Testimony Reveals Much History 197
CHAPTER XXXIII .- Dakota Cavalry Organized-Major Lyman's Mistake-Captain Miner in Command-Troubles About Commissions-The Minnesota Massacre Stampedes Settlers -- Massacre at Sioux Falls-Stockade at Yankton-Sioux Falls and Vermillion Aban- doned-The Home Guards Organized-Ziebach in Command-Life in the Stockade --- Incidents of the Scare-Military Operations of 1862. 202
CHAPTER XXXIV .- Captivity and Rescue of Shetak Settlers-Heroic Conduct of Friendly Settlers-Humane Efforts of People of Yankton-Rescue of Mrs. Kelly. . . . 210
CHAPTER XXXV .- Campaign of 1863-Sully Expedition up the Missouri-Dakota Boys on Scout Duty-Battle of Whitestone Hill-Fort Sully Built Below Pierre-Great Storm in October-Fort Thompson Built and Santees Domiciled There-Legislature Convenes. 214
CHAPTER XXXVI .- Campaign of 1864-Dakota Cavalry Goes North with Sully-Episode at Little Cheyenne-Fort Rice Built-Junction with Second Battalion at Swan Lake-Off for Bad Lands-Battle of Deer Mountain-Battle in the Bad Lands On to the Upper Missouri-Wandering Through the Northland-The Homeward March-Fort Wads- worth Erected-Political Matters-Dr. Burleigh-Legislature Convenes. 218
CHAPTER XXXVII .- Happenings of the Year 1865-Governor Edmunds and War Depart- ment Differ in Policy-Sharp Correspondence-Dakota Cavalry Spend Winter at Ver- million-Captain Miner and His Men Build a School House-Immigration Revived ..... 223
CHAPTER XXXVIII .- After the War-Treaties Proclaimed-Sam Brown's Ride-A Mild Campaign-The Legislature Convenes-Attempt to Change Location of the State Capitol 229
CHAPTER XXXIX .- Governor Faulk's Administration-Winding up the Indian War-Fort James Abandoned-Settlers Panic-Stricken-Militia Reorganized and Equipped with Arms-Confidence Restored. 233
CHAPTER XL .- The Treaties of 1868-Bountiful Harvests-Women Suffrage Granted-Settle- ment in the Sioux Valley 237
CHAPTER XLI .- A Time of Peace-Spotted Tail Agency Established-A General Shake-up in Politics-A Good Crop Year-Newspaper Items-The Proposed Irish-American Colony and the Collapse of the Scheme. 241
CHAPTER XLII .- Events of the Year 1870-Immigration Strong-Contest for Congress-Arm- strong Elected-Legislature Convenes-Governor Burbank's Message-The Brules and Poncas Quarrel 244
CHAPTER XLIII .- Railway Agitation of 1871-Various Items of Interest-Artesian Wells Suggested-Excitement Over the Discovery of Diamonds-Prairie Fires do Considerable Damage-A Terrible Blizzard-Efforts to Encourage Agriculture Among the Indians .. 246
CHAPTER XLIV .- Some Developments of 1872-A Notable Year in Many Respects-Rail- way Construction Begun-Great Brookings-Moody Fight-Armstrong Re-elected to Con-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
gress-The Holland Immigrants Arrive-Yankton Academy Organized-The Legislature in Session 250
CHAPTER XLV .- Occurrences of 1873-General Custer's Command Caught in a Terrible Storm -The McCook-Wintermute Affair-Russian Mennonites Settle in Bon Homme County- Governor Burbank's Unpopularity 254
CHAPTER XLVI .- Custer Discovers Gold in the Black Hills-Judge Kidder Elected to Con- gress-The Grasshopper Pest-A Senseless Indian Scare-Mail Routes Established- Efforts of the Gold-Seekers to Get into the Black Hills-Legislative Happenings. .. 258
CHAPTER XLVII .- A Year of Sensations-Lively Immigration-Excitement Over the Exemp- tion Clause of the Homestead Law- Big Fire in Vermillion-Wintermute Granted a New Trial-The Post-Trading Scandal-More Reports of Gold in the Black Hills-Many Efforts to Reach the Hills-Commission Appointed to Treat with the Indians for the Cession of the Black Hills-The Commission and Indians in Session, but Fails in its Purpose-The Government Investigates the Mineral Resources of the Hills-Large Influx to the New Field. 265
CHAPTER XLVIII .- Affairs of 1876-The Supreme Court Decision Invalidates Railroad Bonds-Republican Territorial Ticket Successful-Civil Government Organized in the Hills-Exciting Times. 274
CHAPTER XLIX .- The Homestead Boom in 1877 -The Legislature Convenes - Territorial Route Surveyed from Pierre to the Hills-A Severe Winter-Principal Items of Interest in the Hills and Elsewhere-Road Agents and Indians Continue to Enliven Matters- Relations With the Indians Improved. 285
CHAPTER L .- Events of 1878-The Immigration Boom Develops-Yankton Insane Hospital Founded-Counties Organized-An Interesting Year Politically-Territorial Conventions -Road Agents Active. 294
CHAPTER LI .- The Flood of Immigration in 1879 - Railroad Building Active - Towns Spring up Like Magic-State Penitentiary Established-Great Prairie Fires-Terrible Fire in Deadwood. 299
ยท CHAPTER LII .- The Swell of the Boom in 1880-The Terrible Storm of October 15th-A Lively Political Year-Death of Governor Howard-Some Notable Crimes. 302
CHAPTER LIII .- The Hard Winter of 1880-81-A Terrible Blizzard-The Missouri Valley Devastated by Floods-Immigration Unimpeded-Yankton College Projected. ...... 306
CHAPTER LIV .- A Year of Politics and Boom-Mining Developments in the Hills Continue- The Land Scrip Conspiracy-Spotted Tail Killed 310
CHAPTER LV .- 1883-A Year of Great Activity-Talk of Capitol Removal-Territorial Uni- versity Located at Vermillion-Agricultural College Located at Brookings-Delegate Convention at Canton Looking to the Division of the Territory and Statehood-Eleven Counties Organized-Much Railroad Construction-Judge Kidder's Death. 313
CHAPTER LVI .- 1884-A Featureless Year-Homestead and Town Booms Continue-The Spink County War-The Passing of Ordway-The Methodist University Founded at Mitchell ..
319
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER LVII .- The Turn of the Tide in 1885-Legislature Meets at Bismarck-Farmers' Alliance Organized - Meeting of the Territorial Constitutional Convention - State Tickets Nominated-Republicans Successful-Governor Mellette's Message a Notable 322
State Document-A Sensational Tragedy at Pierre
CHAPTER LVIII .- The Weary Wait for Statehood Begins-The Land Commissioner's Policy Detrimental-A Reign of Terror-Territorial Party Conventions-Governor Pierce Re- signs-Succeeded by L. K. Church. 326
CHAPTER LIX .- The First Democratic Governor-Legislature in Session-New Railroad Con- struction-Redfield College Founded-A "One-State" Convention - Division Prevails at the November Election 329
CHAPTER LX .- The Great Blizzard of January 12, 1888-A Year of Politics-Natural Gas Discovered-Good Crops.
.. 332
CHAPTER LXI .- Statehood at Last, with Division-Fierce Contest Over the Location of the State Capitol-Pierre Successful-Drought and Other Unfavorable Conditions Cause Great Hardships-Relief Measures. 335
CHAPTER LXII .- The First Year in South Dakota-Not a Very Hopeful Period-First State Legislature-Contest for the Relocation of the State Capitol-Pierre Again Successful- A Great Indian Uprising-General Miles Assumes Command and Restores Peace. 339
CHAPTER LXIII .- The Election of Senator Kyle- A Unique Situation - Australian Ballot Law Adopted-A Magnificent Harvest. 343
CHAPTER LXIV .- The Pettigrew-Mellette Fight-State Conventions-Sisseton Reservation Thrown Open for Settlement. 347
CHAPTER LXV .- The Struggle for Resubmission of the Prohibition Amendment-The Na- tional Panic Severely Felt in South Dakota. 350
CHAPTER LXVI .- 1894-Another Year of Disaster-The Free-Silver Movement Receives Great Attention-Mining Active in the Black Hills ... ... 353
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