USA > South Dakota > History of South Dakota, Vol. I > Part 28
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It was of the first moment to know what attitude the Yanktons proposed to pursue and a volunteer committee, consisting of W. P. Lyman, Joseph Frank and John K. Fowler, were sent to the agency to ascertain. They found Strike the Ree friendly and determined to stand by his treaty obligations, but doubtful of his ability to keep his young men from joining with the Santees, but pledging all of his influence to keep them in line. The committee was, how- ever, informed by Mad Bull, a Yankton, that there were already five hundred hostile Santees hanging about the Dakota settlements and they hastened back to report. During their absence the organization of the militia had been effected
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and as the list of officers and men comprises almost a complete roster of all the men in Dakota at this time it is important that it be preserved and it is therefore herewith inserted.
COMPANY A, DAKOTA MILITIA.
Captain, F. M. Ziebach; first lieutenant, David Fisher ; second lieutenant, John Law- rence ; first sergeant, G. W. Kingsbury ; duty sergeants, A. Robeare, Samuel Mortimer, Samuel Grant, H. C. Ash ; corporals, Obe Foote, Henry Bradley, W. H. Weidebaugh, J. C. Trask, H. T. Bailey, D. T. Bramble, John Rouse, N. Edmunds ; privates, Henry Arend, J. M. Allen, John E. Allen, M. K. Armstrong, William Bordeno, George Brown, Parker V. Brown, T. J. Bradley, W. N. Collamer, Bowiet Coisac, J. WV. Evans, - Egleberson, A. D. Fisher, James Fosset, B. C. Fowler, Nicholas Filling, James Falkinburg, J. B. Greenway, D. M. Griffith, George Granger, J. R. Hanson, William High, Augustus High, Peter Johnson, Samuel Jevor, John Johnson, John Keltz, George W. Lamson, WV. P. Lyman, Charles Mckinley. William Miner, John McGuire, Charles Nolan, L. Lleson, George N. Propper, Thomas C. Powers, J. S. Presho, C. Philbrick, Charles F. Picotte, Ole Peterson, Lewis Peterson, Chas. Rossteucher, P. H. Risling, D. W. Reynolds, J. M. Reed, J. J. Reed. Washington Reed, William Stevens, J. M. Stone, A. B. Smith, John Smart, Henry Strunk, John Stanage, F. Shayger, William Thompson, A. Van Osdel, Rudolph Von Ins, Blight Wood, C. S. White, Charles Wallace, James Witherspoon, O. B. Wheeler, Barre Ole- son.
COMPANY B, DAKOTA MILITIA.
Captain, Daniel Gifford; first lieutenant, S. G. Irish; second lieutenant, N. McDonlards ; first sergeant, William H. Shober; duty ser- geants, M. Metcalf, L. Gates; corporals, W. W. Waford, Morris Metcalf; privates, John Bradford, John Brown, Ira Brown, Charles Cooper, Hugh Fraley, Benton Fraley. Croel Gifford, E. W. Gifford, D. C. Gross, William Hammond, Henry Hartsough, Samuel Hardy,
M. F. Hook, R. M. Johnson, Jacob V. Keil, Daniel McDonald, George Moxsherson, Sterling S. Parker, George Rounds, James Skinner, Joseph Stager, D. M. Smith, George L. Tackett, Reuben Wallace.
COMPANY C, DAKOTA MILITIA.
Captain, A. W. Puett ; first lieutenant, A. A. Patridge ; second lieutenant, John W. Boyle : first sergeant, L. Bethun ; duty sergeants, F. B. Jewell, George Demmick, F. M. Thompson ; privates, A. Anderson, Ole Anderson, P. Ander- son, J. M. Allen, Ole Bottolfson, J. P. Burg- man, John Burt. A. Bruyier, G. B. Bigelow, H. Burgess, Lyman Burgess, John Bruyier, E. M. Bond, B. Bothune, Brisber Chaussee, Charles Chaussee, Jr., Charles Chaussee, Sr., Frank Chaussee, Sr., C. V. Cordier. B. W. Collar, J. Carpenter, A. Carpenter, H. Compton, Alexander Dombrouse, Jacob Deuel, C. Ellefson, E. Elling- son, P. Eckman, A. Garzon, John Gedvass, H. Gurderson, T. Halverson, A. Halverson, A. Iverson, Erick Johnson, Timon Johnson, P. H. Jewell, Gustave Jacobson, J. A. Jacobson, H. A. Kennerly, H. Knudson, J. Knudson, O. B. Lar- son, Lewis Larson, C. Larson, Iver Larson, M. Larson, Samel Lyon,' M. McCue. S. B. Mul- holland, J. P. Mulholland, Nels. Nelson, Peter Nelson, Erick Oleson, Henry Omeg, H. Ole- son, Otto Oleson. A. Peterson, George W. Pratt, H. Peterson, N. Ross, L. D. Robinson, T. Russell, L. R. Silrahson, Jesse Shiner, Minor Robinson, Silver Strik, M. Severson, William Shiner, R. Thorson, Samuel Thompson, Frank Taylor, Frank Verzine, H. K. Vick. A. C. Van Meter, J. W. Tawney, James Whilehorn, M. Wilkinson, H. Wangras.
COMPANY E, DAKOTA MILITIA.
Captain, Mahlon Gore ; first lieutenant, S. M. Crooks ; second lieutenant, M. M. Rich ; first ser- geant, Nels Oleson ; duty sergeants, Lawrence Dignan, Ole Kettleson, William H. Fate, Jr .; privates, T. Andrews, A. Anderson, Thad. Andrews, William Anderson, Benjamin An- drews, W. E. Bonney, E. Christenson, Hans Christian, F. Furlong, Joseph Furlong, W. W.
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Frisbie, Thomas Fate, James Fate, Albert Gore, Ole Halverson, S. Horton, Lewis Johnson, Carl Kingsley, Ole Kettleson, E. B. Lamoure, Henry Lowe, Matthias Larson, M. Munson, H. Mitti- son, Sarge Michelson, Halve Nelson, Rufus Mead, Theodore Oleson, Mons Oleson, Ole Ole- son, Thomas Oleson, James Oleson, A. R. Phil- lips, Peter Peterson, Russel Phillips, D. Ross, Ole Thompson, L. O. Taylor, Andrew Tervis, Barny Verwick, Thomas J. Watson, T. C. Watson.
When the committee returned from the Yanktons they found the Yankton stockade about half completed and the news they brought threw the community into another panic. Cap- tain Ziebach sent a messenger with the news to Captain Miner at Vermillion and the latter ar- rived at sundown with reinforcements for the militia and Sergeant English's squad of cavalry at Yankton. During that day English had been scouting through the bottoms for a party of Sioux who had fired on J. B. Greenway, the Jim river ferryman, that morning. He overtook them on the bank of the little lake at Gayville and in a sharp skirmislı one Indian was killed.
Mahlon Gore gives this account of the oc- casion of the stampede : When the detachment of Company A discovered the band of Indians and rounded them up in the log cabin on the lake at Gayville a soldier named Bell was de- tailed to go express to Vermillion and secure assistance. "What insane freak possessed Bell was never satisfactorily explained. Instead of obey- ing orders only, he rode down through the set- tlements and everywhere sounded the note of alarm. He stated that the whole Yankton tribe, with Mad Bull at their head, had taken the war path and had cleaned out the upper settlements. That Captain Miner had bade a stand at James river and was holding them in check until the settlers could save themselves by flight.
"Such a message, coming at such a time, could have but one effect. The people were panic- stricken and in an hour after Bell had come with his false alarm there was in progress one of the most complete stampedes ever known. Teams were hastily hitched, a few easily se-
cured effects gathered up, and the family, or in some cases two or three families, tumbled in and away to Sioux City. The exodus began in the afternoon and all night long the road leading out of the territory was alive with a living stream of humanity, going they knew not where, only intent upon self preservation. It was at the season of the year when fall crops were just ripening. All was left. Many farmers who had pens of hogs opened the doors and turned the swine loose in their fields. Cattle were left to take care of themselves. In twelve hours from the time of the alarm the entire region from the Dakota to the Big Sioux river was de- populated. A few hardy men remained at Ver- million, but the women and children and nearly all of the men left the town with the tide. The few that remained provided themselves with a boat and provisions and prepared at a moment's notice to flee to the island for protection. Most of the settlers who fled the country returned to their homes within the week."
After the arrival of Captain Miner the ex- citement subsided some and all hands set to work to complete the stockade. This structure was about three hundred feet square and was built so that the crossing of Third street and Broadway was in the center of it. Ash's Hotel, where the Merchants' now stands, the Dakotan printing office, directly in front of the hotel on the east side of Broadway, the Powers and Burkhart buildings, north of the printing office, and Robert's building, on the west side of Broadway, south of Third, were within the en- closure. The north side of the defense was con- structed of sod, three feet thick and five and one-half high; the east and west sides were constructed by setting posts, six by six, in the ground and planking up both sides and filling the space between with earth; the south side was built stockade fashion, by setting a double row of posts in a trench. The gate was on the south side in the middle of Broadway.
For a few days an Indian attack was hourly anticipated and the population of two counties, gathered within this narrow enclosure, were in a constant state of terror, but with the passage of
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time without attack the excitement gradually died out and the people began to go out to look after their farms and stock; at first the men, armed to the teeth, going out in squads, but be- fore winter most of the families were back in their own homes.
On the 7th of October Governor Jayne deter- mined to call out the militia for active service and commissions as recruiting officers were issued to Lieutenant T. Elwood Clarke, Alpheus G. Fuller, A. J. Bell, M. H. Somers, William Tripp, John R. Woods and W. W. Adams. As stated by Governor Jayne in his proclamation of October 7th, it was his intention to raise eight companies of from thirty to forty men each and tender them to General Pope for service on the Dakota frontier for the term of nine months. By the 13th of December, it having become ap- parent that it would be impossible to secure so many men, the various parties of recruits were consolidated by an order of the Governor into Company B. Dakota Volunteer Cavalry, with William Tripp captain and John R. Wood first lieutenant. Recruiting continued all winter, active service being required of the recruits until March 3Ist, when the company was mustered into the United States' service as follows : Oliver Allen, John E. Allen, Henry Arend, Christopher Arend, Thomas H. Armstrong, Gilbert B. Bige- low, John Bradley, George Bellows, Benjamin Bellows, Leander Cirtier, Miles Cowan, Samuel M. Crooks, Sherman Clyde, James Dormidy, Lawrence Dignan, Louis H. Desy, George W. Dimick, John R. Ealy, William F. Furlong, Nicholis Felleng, John Fitzgibbons, James J. Furlong, Harmon Z. Fjeltvet, Antoine Fleury, Louis Frick, William H. H. Fate, Samuel Farnsworth, Hugh Gaughran, Lewis Gates, William R. Goodfellow, John Gregory, Wil- liam C. Homer, Melancthon Hoyt, Thomas J. Hamilton, John L. Hall, Stephen Hor- ton, James T. Hammond, John Hough, UI- rick Jarvis, Trobridge R. Jewell, Alexander Keeler, Daniel Keely, Mathias Larson, Charles Leonard, John B. Lavvie, Ole B. Larson, Octave Lavvie, Joseph Lionat, Cornelius McNamarow, John McDonough, Henry McCumber, Daniel W.
McDaniels, Jacob J. McKnight, William Mc- Dermott, Nathan McDaniels, Geo. D. Mathieson, Richard W. Mathieson, Martin D. Metcalf, William Metcalf, Robert Marmon, John Nieff. Anthony Nelson, Bringle Oleson, Colburn Ole- son, Theodore Oleson, James Oleson, Ferman Pattee, Abel R. Philips, Sterling L. Parker, James A. Phelps, Thomas Reandeau, Elijah K. Robin- son, Baptise Reandeau, Fred Roberts, George Rose, Miles Rimer, General M. Reese, John Rouse, Joseph Stinger, Josiah R. Sanborn, Dempster Sprague, Louis St. Onge, William Searles, Myron Sheldon, John Sorrick, Louis St. Onge, John B. Snow, William W. Snider, William Trumbo, Ferdinand Twigeon, Alexis Travercie, Paul Travercie, Hezekiah Townsend, Joseph W. Vandevier, Bernard Varwyk, William VanOsdal, Samuel VanOsdal, Lorenzo Wood, Norris J. Wallace, Uriah Wood, Eli B. Wixson, John J. Welsh, Josiah Whitcomb, Henry Will, Thomas Wilson.
Late in November Captain Miner, with forty of his men, escorted some of the settlers back to Sioux Falls to recover the goods cached there when they left so abruptly in August. They secured the goods, but ran upon a band of In- dians who showed fight. The Indians were quickly repulsed by the soldiers and one was killed by Charles Wright, still of Yankton, in the slough known as Covell's lake, just west of Sioux Falls. This was the band of Ink- paduta and the savage killed was an ex- ceptionally vicious young fellow by the name of Wakeyandoota. After the capture of the Indians by General Sibley at Camp Release in Minnesota, a party of Wahpetons struck out for the dirt lodges of the band located on the Jim near Red- field, but they were overtaken and captured by Lieutenant Colonel Marshal, at Lake Nicholson in Codington county, and were returned to Minnesota.
This is the story of the Indian war of 1862, so far as South Dakota is concerned. Its net results were the massacre of Judge Amidon and his son at Sioux Falls in August and the killing of one Indian near Gayville by Sergeant English's squad and the killing of another at Sioux Falls
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by Charles Wright, of Captain Miner's company, at Sioux Falls, in November. Nevertheless the danger was imminent and the settlers fearfully exposed. That they were not all destroyed is due to the fact that General Sibley was giving Little Crow more business than he could well attend to on the Minnesota.
Not only did the disturbances drive away many of the settlers, particularly those who had come during the summer of 1862, but it effectually stopped immigration for several years to come. One event connected with the Indian troubles of that year will be reserved for the next chapter.
CHAPTER XXXIV
RESCUE OF THE SHETAK CAPTIVES ..
On the 21st of August, 1862, White Lodge, a headman of the Santees, fell upon an exposed settlement of whites at Lake Shetak, Murray county, Minnesota, and massacred many of the inhabitants and took prisoner nine persons, Mrs. John Wright and two children, a boy of six and an infant in arms ; Mrs. William J. Duly and two girls, the eldest twelve years of age: Lillie Everett, eight years old, and two little girls, daughters of Thomas Ireland. These captives he leisurely conveyed to the Missouri river, arriving in November at a point not far from the present location of Fort Yates. Shortly after their ar- rival Charles E. Galpin, the well known trader for the American Fur Company, was passing down the river with a party of trappers and miners, in a Mackinaw boat. When he arrived at White Lodge's camp he was hailed and asked to come ashore to trade. There are varying ac- counts of what happened there, but the weight of testimony seems to be that they did draw up to the river bank and some of the men landed when Major Galpin's wife, a half-blood, sister of Charles F. Picotte, discovered that the Indians were hostile and warned her husband. By this time the men had returned to the boat and about fifty Indians were standing on the rope by which it was moored. Major Galpin told the men to throw themselves flat in the bottom of the boat, while with an axe he cut the rope at a single blow and the craft swung out into the stream. The Indians sent a shower of arrows after it. but without effect. As the boat got out into the
current, a white woman ran down to the shore and called to the boatmen that the Shetak cap- tives were in the camp and imploring them to take steps to secure their release. Fort Pierre was the first trading post below the hostile camp and, arriving there a few days later, Major Galpin told of the episode, as he did at each post he passed in the voyage down the river.
Immediately after the beginning of hostilities, Little Crow had sent his runners to the tribes of the Missouri to solicit their co-operation in the war and the Two Kettle Tetons, at Fort Pierre, had held a formal council and determined not to take any part in it. They were not feeling very friendly toward the Minnesota Sioux for the reason that the latter were annually trespass- ing upon the buffalo preserves of the western Indians. This was a very delicate subject with the Indians and they had long considered a forcible protest against it and many of the young men considered this an opportune time to even up scores with the eastern neighbors, but, as stated, the more conservative council of the old men prevailed. A party of eleven boys, under the leadership of Martin Charger, who is reputed to have been a grandson of Capt. Merriweather Lewis, the famous explorer, however had re- solved that they would disregard the councils of the tribe and exert themselves in the interest of the whites whenever opportunity presented itself. To this end. they organized themselves into a society and took upon themselves sacred pledges confirmed by all sorts of Indian mummery. Their
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action brought upon themselves. the ridicule of the tribe, who ironically dubbed them the "The Fool Soldiers." This ridicule only excited them to greater tenacity of purpose and when Major Galpin gave notice of the presence of white captives upon the river they resolved to act. The names of this Fool Soldier Band were Martin Charger, Kills and Comes, Four Bear, Mad Bear, Pretty Bear, Sitting Bear, Swift Bird, One Rib, Strikes Fire, Red Dog and Charging Dog. It was about the 15th day of November when Major Galpin brought the news to Fort Pierre, and, gathering up their peltry, they traded with Primeau for sugar, coffee and other portable food and crossed the river that evening and made their first camp on the Okobojo. The next day they reached the Little Cheyenne at Forest City and before night of the third day had come to a camp of Yanktonaise on Swan Lake creek, who informed them that they would find White Lodge and the captives not far away. They pushed on, but did not find the hostiles until they reached the timber in the bend of the Missouri, opposite the mouth of the Grand river, very near the northwest corner of Walworth county. I have been at great pains to learn precisely what occurred in the conference looking to the release of the captives, and from the testimony of Charger, Swift Bird, Strikes Fire, Four Bear and Pretty Bear, taken separately and without opportunity for collusion, can give a very full account of it.
When the boys had arrived and pitched their camp in the edge of the timber they asked for a council and White Lodge and his head men came out. Each of the hostiles had a short gun cached under his blanket. Charger took the lead in everything on behalf of the boys. He began with a talk about their hearts being good and finally, coming down to the real motive of their visit, he said: "You see us here. We are only young boys. Our people call us crazy, but we want to do something good. If a man owns any- thing he likes it and he will not part with it for nothing. We have come here to buy the white captives and give them back to their friends. We will give the horses for them; all the horses we
have. That proves that we want the captives very much, for our hearts are good and we want to do a good thing." Each of the other boys re- peated this proposition. White Lodge replied : "We come from the east where the sky is made red by the fires that burn the homes of the whites, and the earth is red with the blood of the whites whom the Santees are killing. These white captives I have taken after killing many of their people. I will not again be a friend of the whites. I have already done a bad thing, and now I will keep on doing bad things. I will not give up the captives. I will fight until I drop dead."
After this ultimatum Charger proposed to give the hostiles a feast, saying : "Here is food, eat what you want and go home and we will take the captives and go home." The hostiles were not averse to accepting the boy's hospitality, but when they had gorged themselves they were still obdurate and insultingly resented the at- tempt of the Tetons to interfere in their affairs. A period of great excitement ensued, in which all sorts of threats of evil were directed at the boys. Whenever they would quiet down Charger would renew his offer to trade the horses for the captives. Finally he changed his tactics. Se- curing the attention of White Lodge and his braves, Charger said: "White Lodge, you talk very brave. You kill white men who have no guns and you steal women and children and run away with them where there are no soldiers. If you are brave why did you not stay and fight the soldiers who had guns? Three times we have offered you our horses for the captives and you have refused us. Now we will take the captives and place them upon the horses and take them to their friends. If you make us trouble the soldiers who have guns will come against you from the east and our people, the Two Kettles, will come against you from the west and we shall then see how brave you are."
At this a Santee from the outside, who did not sit in the council, cried out to Black Hawk, a son of White Lodge's: "Black Hawk, why do you not speak ? Why sit so still?" Black Hawk, thus adjured, arose and after complimenting the
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boys admitted that they were starving. That lie owned one of the children and that he would give it up and advised the others to do likewise. After another protracted period of bullying it was agreed that the captives should be exchanged for the horses and a council for the purpose would be held on the following morning.
The next morning a large lodge was erected in the center of the village, under the trees, and the boys were invited to come into the camp with their horses. When they entered they found there a large number of Indians, and Mrs. Duly and six children. Mrs. Wright's baby had been brutally murdered some weeks before. Though the exchange had been agreed upon, the details of it was a more complicated proposition than the boys had counted upon. Each captive was claimed by some Indian as his personal chattel and each was bent upon driving the best possible bargain. The smallest child was first offered and after a tedious period of dickering was secured for one horse and some additional property. Then a bargain was made for the next child, and so continuing through the greater por- tion of the day until Mrs. Duly was finally pur- chased. The boys then found that they had traded themselves out of all of their property except one horse and four guns. White Lodge, who up to this time had grudgingly assented to the proceedings, now utterly refused to give up Mrs. Wright upon any terms. There was re- newed excitement and threats of annihilation of both Tetons and captives, but finally Black Hawk and his brother, Chased by the Ree, who were the leaders of a peace faction among the hostiles, agreed in consideration of the remaining horse to go to their father's lodge and take the woman by force, if need be. The proposition was agreed to and Red Dog and Strikes Fire were entrusted to carry out the negotiation. They soon returned with Mrs. Wright and the boys, with their helpless, naked captives, started on the homeward march that evening, of Noven- ber 20th. They were utterly destitute of pro- visions, or horses. A November blizzard was blowing. Mrs. Duly had an unhealed gunshot wound, inflicted by a jealous Indian woman, in
her foot, and could scarcely hobble along. In this desperate situation they traveled two or three miles and went into camp for the night. The women and children were huddled in the one small tepee. The boys gave them their blankets to keep them from freezing and them- selves marched round and round the tepee throughout the stormy night. Early next morn- ing, without a morsel of food, they again took up their dreary march. Shortly after daylight they met Don't Know How, a young Yanktonaise who had come up from the camp on Swan Lake creek to learn how they were succeeding in their quest. He was mounted and they traded one gun for his horse and, hastily rigging a travoix with the lodge poles, mounted the children upon it and proceeded to the Yanktonaise camp where they obtained food and remained until the fol- lowing morning. They traded another gun here for an old cart, into which they stuffed the chil- dren, while Mrs. Duly, unable to walk further, mounted the horse. The horse was so over- loaded that they were compelled to help him out by pushing. They reached Forest City that night and next morning climbed the hill and, leaving the river, crossed the oxbow. That night they did not camp at all and at daylight on the morn- ing of the 24th (there is some question about this date; it may be that this was the morning of the 20th and that the rescue was effected on the evening of the 16th) they arrived at Fort Pierre. Here they were assisted across the now slightly frozen river by their friends and Prim- eau, LaPlant and DuPree and taken to Primeau's store, where they were clothed as well as could be from his course stock of Indian goods. Then they were taken to DuPree's house, where they rested for three days, when Dupree and La- Plant started with a heavy wagon to convey them to Fort Randall.
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