USA > Tennessee > Davidson County > Davidson County women in the world war, 1914-1919 > Part 26
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The personnel of the Nashville Red Cross Emergency Canteen members was as Happily and judicially selected as that of the Commandant, so that no branch of the
DAVIDSON COUNTY WOMEN IN THE WORLD WAR. 1914-1919
NASHVILLE CHAPTER. A. R. C., EMENGENCY CANTEEN WORKERS. WITH FRENCH "BLUE DEVILS." AT BELLE MEADE COUNTRY CLUB. MARCH, 1918
Left to right: Mrs. Samuel G. Douglas, Mrs. Joseph R. West, Mrs. John H. DeWitt. Miss Helen Buford. Mrs. Henry G. Waney. Mrs. I. W. Miller. Mrs. W. W. Crandall. Mrs. Harry Evans. Commandant. Mrs. Garnett Morgan, Mrs. S. S. Crockett, Mrs. W. O. Tirrill. Mrs. Harry P. Mur- rey, Mrs. Ridley Wills, Mrs. W. L. Nichol. Mrs. Joseph T. Howell, Jr .. Miss Mary De Moville Hill. Mrs. C. A. Craig. Mrs. II. Louis Sperry. and Mrs. Whitefoord R. Cole.
Nashville Chapter. Red Cross, was more skillfully or efficiently organized than its Emergency Canteen Department.
The organization of the Canteen Committee of the Nashville Chapter consisted of a commandant, four captains, ten lieutenants, six teams for daily service and four special committees. The duties of the Special Committees were the purchasing and issuing of supplies. the furnishing of medical aid, ambulance and hospital service for sick or injured soldiers and sailors. the selling of stamps and the mailing of letters for the passing soldiers. the distributing of daily papers and magazines. the providing of shower baths with soap and towels for every individual soldier. and the providing of emergency hospital aid for sick or injured soldiers and sailors. or their relatives. at all times.
Two of the four Canteen Captains. Mrs. W. O. Tirrill and Mrs. Samuel Douglas, served respectively as Secretary and Treasurer for this department. and the two others. Mrs. C. A. Craig and Mrs. John W. Moore. were Captains of Train Service. The Lieutenants of the department and their teams provided the refreshmenst and enter- tainment service for the soldiers. Mrs. B. Kirk Rankin served as the efficient Pub- licity Chairman of the Committee.
The functions of the Emergency Canteen Service Committee were to supplement the efforts of the War Department and the railroads in providing comforts for troops in transit and to render them such attention as the occasion demanded. The War Department instructed railroads to inform the Commandant. Mrs. Evans. of the ap- proach of troop trains. and she in turn informed her Captains, who assembled the workers. This information was a secret in time of actual war and was entrusted only to those whose honor and discretion were above reproach. No Nashville Red Cross Canteen worker was ever known to betray this trust.
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WELEPSON COUNTY HOMES IN THE WORLD WAR. 19141919
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THE HOSPITAL OF THE EMERGENCY CANTEEN SERVICE A. R. C., AT THE NASHVILLE TERMINAL YARDS
Mrs. Garnet Morgan. Chairman, Mrs. Louis H. Sperry and Mrs. T. Leigh Thompson were the Hospital Committee. Thousands of troops in transit were given aid at this hospital.
The Nashville Chapter's Red Cross Emergency Committee's daily working force was composed of :
Commandant- Mrs. Harry W. Evans.
Captains Mrs. C. 1. Craig. Mr -. W. O. Tirrill. Mrs. John W. Moore and Mrs. Samuel Douglas. Mrs. Douglas had active charge of the Canteen until the appoint- ment of Mrs. Harry W. Evans as Commandant.
The Lieutenants and the six teams for daily service included the following ardent workers:
Mrs. Avery Handly. Mrs. Thomas Parkes, Mrs. Hesse Corbitt. Mrs. George Dibrell. Mrs. T. Leigh Thompson, Mrs. Garnet Morgan, Mrs. John H. De Witt, Mrs. Runcie Clements, Mrs. Joseph R. West, Mrs. T. Graham Hall. Mrs. Louis Sperry. Mrs. Alex. McClain. Mrs. Percy Williams. Mrs. Il. G. Mancy. Mrs. I. W. Miller. Mr. W. W. Crandall. Wrs. Brown Buford. Mrs. Harry P Murrey, Mrs. Bruce Douglas, Jr., Mis. John Lewis, Mrs. R. W. Turner. Jr., Mrs. W. D. Phillips, Mrs Paul H. De Wit, Mrs. W. C. Cherry. Mrs. Frank Harris. Mrs. Joseph A. Grav. Mrs. Clarence Beasley. Mrs. O. N. Bryan. Mrs. Alfred Merritt, Mrs. Thomas I. Webb. Mrs. W. E. Norvell. Wrs. Marshall Hotchkiss, Mrs. Fitzgerald Hall. Mrs. Edward O. Tate, Mr -. A. S. Britt. and Mrs. C. S. Brown, Miss Annie De Woville. Miss Helen Buford, Miss Evelyn Douglas, Miss Ellen Stokes. Miss Courtney Hollins, Miss Mary Erskine Ramage, Miss Ellen Cockrill Foster, Viss Anna Blanton, Miss Elizabeth Hail, Miss Sadie Cauvin. Miss Mary Porter Kirkman. Wiss Rebecca Sedberry, Miss Virginia Nelson. Wiss Elsa Mc Gill. and Miss Pearl Saunders.
The following Lieutenants and committees who served on the four special com- m'tlees were: United States Mailing Department. Mrs. Whitefoord R. Cole. Chair- man. Mrs. Cole was assisted by Mrs. Ridley Wills, Mrs. Joseph T. Howell. Jr. Mrs. C. Runcie Clements, and Miss Anna Blanton. Lieutenants.
The Supply Committee with Mrs. I. W. Miller. Chairman. Lieutenants Mrs. El-worth P. Scales. Mrs. James Keeling. Mrs. James Gwathmey and Miss Katherine Berry. were Mrs. Miller's assistants.
The Hospital Committee. Mrs. Garnett Morgan Chairman: Assistants. Mrs. Louis
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DAVIDSON COUNTY WOMEN IN THE WORLD WAR. 1914-1919
CAPTAINS AND LIEUTENANTS OF THE EMERGENCY CANTEEN SERVICE. A. R. C .. WHO STAYED ON THE JOB THROUGHOUT THE WAR
First row. left to right: Mrs. Ilesse Corbett { Marie Enloe) and Miss Leland Rankin. Second row: Mrs. John II. De Witt (Rebecca Ward), Mrs. Avery Ilandly (Nell Fall). Mrs. W. O. Tir- rill, one of the four Captains of the Department, Mrs. George Hillman (Bessie Murrey), Mrs. John W. Moore (Mary Polk), one of the four Captains of the Department, Miss Evelyn Douglas and Mirs. Ridley Wills (Jessie Ely). Third row: Mrs. Alex McClain (Fantaine Enloe), Mrs. John Lewis. Mrs. W. W. Crandall (Charlotte Lewis), Mrs. W. L. Nichol (Katie Dean Hutchin- son ), Mrs. H. Louis Sperry ( Amelia Sawrie), Mrs. T. Leigh Thompson (Nellie Ely), and Mrs. Thomas Parkes ( Idella Davis).
H. Sperry and Mrs. T. Leigh Thompson. This committee was known as "Angels of Mercy."
The Magazine Committee, Miss Alice Gertrude Smith. Chairman. Mrs. Bernard Fensterwald. Miss Mary DeMoville Hill. Miss Lizinka Farrell and Miss Mary Porter Kirkman, as Lieutenants, ably assisted with the duties of this committee.
Active work by the Nashville Emergency Canteen started in January. 1918, and began to take on large proportions immediately. The Terminal Company at Nash- ville built a Hut on the track level at the Union Station for the Canteen Headquar- ters. and soon three large departments of this committee were put into operation. The importance of the Canteen work soon became apparent. and in a short time it was found necessary to keep the Hut open the whole of every day. A team was de- tailed for daily service as a Bureau of Information and Attention. and the Com- mittee's experience in these constant contacts with the American soldiers supplied ample justification for the operation of this branch of the service.
At the little Canteen Hut down at the station cheer. comfort. food. material aid and often advice and help in personal troubles were given the thousands of soldiers and sailors who passed through Nashville from all parts of America. The workers spared themselves no effort. either of body or spirit. for the boys in khaki. Taking no thought of risk to themselves, the women of the Nashville Chapter Emergency Canteen Service not only fed and entertained the hungry and weary. but ministered to the sick, not hesitating to come in contact with various kinds of contagious dis- eases when the need arose. Now and then, in tragic cases. they helped a wrongdoer
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AXIOSON GOVATY WOMEN IN THE WORLD # IR. 19X11019
CAPTAINS AND LIEUTENANTS OF THE NASHVILLE CHAPTER. A. R. C. EMERGENCY CANTEEN DEPARTMENT
From left to right. first row : Miss Anna Blanton: Mrs. Samuel Douglas (Mackie Geddes). one of the four Captains of the Department, and in charge of the activities until the appoint- ment of Mrs. Evans, Commandant; and Miss Mary Erskine Ramage. Second row: Mis. Henry 6. Maney Florence Black >. Miss Mary De Moville Hill, Miss Courtney Hollins and Mrs. James ". Gwathmey | Maggie Lou Riddler.
to correct his fault or his sin, and many times they performed the last sacred office- for the dead.
A supply kitchen was established in connection with the Nashville Canteen. V. R. C .. and while donations were unsolicited. the generosity of Davidson County men, women and merchants. as well as that of other counties all over the state. kept the kitchen well supphed at all times with not only necessities, but delicacies. Housewives throughout Middle Tennessee could not resist putting up cans for the boys when they did their own preserving. and loyal friends donated money or fur- nishings for the kitchen and dining-room equipment of the Hut. In a few weeks" time the food supplies grew to such proportions that a well-balanced meal could be immediately prepared for an entire troop Train of dozens of coaches each. which was characteristic of the Nashville Red Cross Canteen Committee in any emergency.
The record for one day of this committee included the serving of five troop trains of several coaches each, bearing hundreds of soldiers, and the fame of the Nashville Canteen was carried over the land until it was heralded in every cantonment in this country and often on the battle front in France.
Sixty one shower baths and all necessary furnishings were installed in connec- hon with the Emergency Canteen in June. 1918. through the generosity of Mr. und Mrs. W. O. Tirrill. the Nashville Division of the National League for Woman's Service, and also Joseph Lindauer, Norman Kirkman. Crescent News Com- pans. and Hunter Davis, Supplies were donated For several hundred baths daily end i- the greatest need for troops in transit was an opportunity for cleanliness
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the shower baths were termed "life savers" by the boys in khaki, who always voted for a bath instead of a lunch if there was not time for both. A bath attendant was kept on duty by the Canteen Committee at all times.
In October, 1918. the first Hut became so inadequate that a new building with a Hospital and Soldiers' Rest Room attached was erected on the same site. Through the courtesy of Mr. and Mrs. Percy D. Maddin. these quarters were completely fitted with comfortable and convenient furnishings, and the ablest doctors in Nashville gave their time and services to the Canteen Hospital whenever they were needed. First-aid outfits and simple remedies were issued the troops in transit each day, and the Medical Aid Committee gave special attention to every sick soldier, sending notification to Government Authorities and families of the patients, and often ac: companying them to their next destination if they were compelled to proceed im- mediately.
A war memory of unforgetable beauty is of this little Hut on Christmas Eve, 1918. with its immaculate whiteness, its soft light. its glowing Red Cross and its shining Christmas tree, all set like a dream of home in the midst of the dust and turmoil of the railway station, the handiwork of the Canteen members.
Spiritual as well as physical comforts were dispensed at the Canteen Headquar- ters at all times, and numerous telegrams announcing the fact that "unto thee a child is born" were sent to soldier fathers by the Nashville Canteen workers, and they never failed to follow up the good news by caring for the mother and child. if they were in need of assistance, sending information to the husband and father overseas.
The Red Cross on the Canteen door acted as an "open sesame" to the confidence of the soldiers, and many domestic and financial difficulties were solved by Nash- ville Emergency Canteen members.
From February to July. 1918. this committee met one hundred and fifty trains of twelve coaches each and numerous detached coaches and detached soldiers, all of whom were served by the Lieutenants of the Nashville Canteen and their teams.
The Mailing and Stamp Committee mailed thousands of letters and cards each day. the only articles sold by the Nashville Canteen Committee being the United States postal stamps.
The Magazine Committee collected the daily papers which were donated by the Nashville Tennessean and the Nashville Banner publishing companies. Magazines were contributed by the Davidson County public and distributed through the troop trains by the Canteen members.
The Bureau of Information was one of the most important branches of the Emner- geney Canteen Service.
Red Cross Canteen workers were under almost military discipline: they were required to wear uniforms, and nothing but illness was an acceptable exeuse for absence from duty. Although the day's work normally lasted from eight o'clock a.m. to nine o'clock p.m., if troops arrived later than these hours they were always met and cared for by these patriotie women. led by Mrs. Harry W. Evans. Exaet records of each department were kept and Government reports of Canteen activities were made out on blanks furnished the officers of the troops in transit. so that the information reaching the National Headquarters Committee, at Washington, came from the soldiers and officers, as well as from the Canteen Commandant.
The following report of the Supply Committee, covering a period of six months. reveals something of the vast amount of work accomplished by the Nashville Can-
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DILIPSON COUNTY WOMEN IN THE WORLD WIR. 1911-1919
CAPTAINS AND LIEU TENANTS WHO WERE ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE WAR IN THE NASHVILLE CHAPTER. A. R. C. EMERGENCY CANTEEN DEPARTMENT
wpated in front, left to right: Mi-s Ellen Cockrill Foster and Mrs. Bernard Fensterwald Blanche Lindauer 1. Second row. left to right: Miss Sadie Cauvin. Mrs. Hurry Muirey (Lale L. 00. Mrs. W. O. Tirtill Afhra Evet. a Captain of the Department. Mrs. Whiteloord R. Hade & Mary Basso, Mrs. Neely Craig ( Maggie Sinclair, a Captain of the Department. Mrs. Larate Clements + Frances Voured and Miss Alne Gertrude Smith. Third low: Mrs. f. W. Abr Miss Mutht. Mes. William C. Cherry Dea Fletcher), Miss Kittie Berry, Mis. Brown Parord Miss Black, Mis- Helen Buford and Mrs. [. Graham Hall Britie Martin).
teen Department of the Red Cross: 51.119 smokes, 16.517 sticks of candy. 35.920 postcards. 5,980 packages chewing gum. 5.993 sheets of paper with envelope -. six hundred hfty-nine cakes. many hundreds of sandwiches and lunches. and over a hundred gallons of we cream.
On June 22. 1918. when more than one hundred passengers lost their lives in a railway accident near Nashville, the Canteen Committee took charge of the bodies of the soldiers who were killed: saved their personal affects. and notified the proper authorities in the Arms Camps, as well as the families of the deceased. After care- fully preparing the bodies for burial they wrapped the caskets in American flags and sent them to their destinations.
Many special duties in the way of service and entertainment were undertaken and -necessfully carried out by the Emergency Canteen of Nashville. During the Second Liberty Loan drive the Canteen Committee entertained the Chassiers Blue Devils. who were touring the country in the interest of the loan, with a breakfast at the Belle Meade Club.
For their work in the influenza epidemie twenty-five members of the Canteen Committee were awarded certificates from the Nashville Chapter. Red Cross. in "grateful recognition of faithful and self-sacrificing service rendered the hundreds of people who were stricken with the malady." A reproduction of this certificate appears at the beginning of the Nashville Red Cross Chapter.
During the Fifth Liberty Loan the mechanics of the N .. C. & St. L. Railroad shops requested the Nashville Loan officials to allow the Canteen workers to solicit in the Hope, and as a result - 18,000 worth of bonds was sold by Cantern members to the employees of the railroad shops.
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DAVIDSON COUNTY WOMEN IN THE WORLD WIR. 1914-1"19
The Nashville Emergency Canteen Service received much valuable aid from other patriotic organizations in addition to being in daily receipt of donations from indi- viduals and mercantile and grocery firms, and practically every county in Tennes- see. The children of Nashville gave many entertainments and saved tinfoil to b: sold for the benefit of the Nashville Red Cross Canteen fund. The National League of Woman's Service, the Elliston Unit of the Red Cross and the Girls' Auxiliary of the Nashville Chapter. A. R. C., gave generous donations of money.
After July. 1918. the Nashville Emergency Canteen was entirely self-sustaining and did not again call on the Nashville Red Cross Chapter for the former allotment of three hundred dollars a month. Mrs. T. Leigh Thompson. a member of the Can- teen, served as Chairman of a Thanksgiving donation given the Canteen by the Army Comfort League, of which Mrs. Percy Warner was leader. Several antomobiles were required to convey the articles collected by members of the League to the Can- teen Headquarters.
One of the principal causes of the financial success of the Nashville Canteen. as well as the interest shown throughout the State. was the fact that Mrs. B. Kirk Rankin. Publicity Chairman of this organization. worked so faithfully and untiringly to present its interests to the public. Hundreds of human-interest stories which; touched the hearts of the readers were recounted by Mrs. Rankin: and the receipt of all donations to the Canteen was always promptly acknowledged by her through the Nashville press, and the public grew to watch daily for Canteen needs.
When the Government orders for the conservation of gasoline were received in ยท Nashville. the automobile of Mrs. Harry Evans, the Canteen Commandant, was ex- empted from the strict general rules, because the importance of serving the soldiers in transit was paramount to every other issue.
The Motor Corps of the Nashville Chapter. A. R. C .. rendered much valuable aid to the Emergency Canteen workers, not only in answering every call made by the Commandant for soldiers passing through Nashville. but in transporting sup- plies from the donors to the Canteen Headquarters.
So multifarious were the duties of the Nashville Emergency Canteen that a sum- mary would fill this history. In recognition of their services the Government hung a banner in the Home and Educational building at the Tennessee State Fair in 1918. where an exhibition of the nature of the Nashville Canteen work aroused much interest and was the inspiration of countless donations from out-of-town visitors to the Fair.
After the departure of the troops for overseas. the work of the Nashville Chapter. Red Cross, Canteen was changed to that of a "Welcome Home Committee." for the wounded and sick very soon began to be sent back to this country. When the war ended the Executive Committee of the Chamber of Commerce appointed Mrs. Harry W. Evans Chairman of Serving for the home-coming festivities, which was a climax to the splendid record she and her committee had established. Each member of the Canteen served as a lieutenant on Mrs. Evans' committee.
In July. 1919. the need for active Canteen service being over. the Nashville Can- teen workers were dismissed and put upon a reserve force to be called out imme- diately in time of any great public disaster. Thirty-five certificates were given the women of the Canteen Service by the Nashville Chapter of the Red Cross. and the supplies on hand at the Canteen when it closed were distributed among twelve charitable institutions of Davidson County.
Red Cross Canteen workers came into real touch with the boys in khaki and re-
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DAVIDSON COUNTY WOMEN IN THE WORLD WAR. 1914-1919
CANTEEN SERVICE A
R C
MISS MARY RAMAGE AND MISS SADIE CAUVIN SERVING BREAKFAST TO A TROOP TRAIN OF DOUGHBOYS. FOR THE EMERGENCY CANTEEN COMMITTEE VASIIVILLE CHAPTER. A. R. C.
ceived the impetus of enthusiasm that always comes from personal contact. And when the Nashville Red Cross Emergency Canteen service was mustered ont in July. 1919. one of the most superb chapters of the World War work of the women. of not only David-on County. but of the entire country. was ended.
The members of the Nashville Red Cross Chapter Emergency Canteen through- out the entire war. who also served as lieutenants at the banquets given the thou- sands of soldiers at the home-coming of the Tennessee boys of the A. E. F., were:
Mrs. A. > Britt. Mrs. O. N. Bryan. Mrs. Clarener Beasley. Mrs. S. S. Crockett, Mrs. Runcie ( lements, Mrs. 6. A. Craig. Mrs. Whitefoord R. Cole. Mrs. Harry Evans, Mrs. Paul De Witt. Mrs. George Dibell. Mrs. Minus 1. Fletcher. Mrs. J. T. Gwathmey. Mrs. Fitzgerald Hall. Mrs. Jor T. Howell. Jr .. Mrs. T. Graham Hall. Mrs. (. S. Brown, Mrs. Brown Buford, Wis. William 1. Carter. Mrs. Robert Check. Mrs. J. Hesse Corbett, Mrs. W. W. Crandall. Mrs. W. C. Cherry. Mr -. John II. Dr.Witt. Mrs. Bruce Douglas, Jr., Mrs. Samuel Douglas. Mrs. Bernard Fensterwald. Mrs. Joseph A. Gray. Mrs Avery Handly, Mis. Marshall Hotchkiss, Mrs. Frank Harris, Mrs. Rob- ort F. Jackson. Mrs. R. Il hares, Mrs. Percy D. Maddin, Mrs. Alfred G. Merritt. Mrs. John W. More, Mrs. I. W. Miller. Mrs. W. E. Norvell, Jr .. Mrs. Thomas Parkes, Mrs. Eleworth P. Scales. Mr -. Lomis II. Spetty. Mrs. Edward O. Tate. Mrs. W. O. Tirrill. Mrs. Thomas Webb. Mrs. Ridley MAN. Mi -- Katherme Berts. Miss Saider Cauvin. Mi -. Evelyn Douglas. Miss Ellen Foster, Miss Umrthe Hollins, Miss Ela MeGill. Miss Mary Ramage. Miss Alice Gertrude Smith, Mrs. J. W. Kelig Mr- John S. Lewis, Mrs. Homy 6. Maney. Mrs. Mex. MeClum. Mrs. Harry P. Murrey. Ir A I Miei. Mrs. William Phillips, Mrs. B. Kirk Rankin, Mrs. Edward T. Spay. Mrs. (t. C. Stephens, Mrs. T Leigh Thompson, Mrs. R. W. Turner, Jr., Mrs. Joseph R. West. Mrs. Peres William. Mi- Helen Buford. Miss Annie De Moville, Miss Lazinka Farrell. Miss Mary DiMoville Hill. Miss Elizabeth Hail. Miss Mary Porter Kirkman, Miss Virginia Nelson. Miss Rebecca se Aberry. Miss Pearl Saunders, and Miss Ellen Stokes.
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Junior Membership Committee, Nashville Chapter, A. R. C.
MRS. GEORGE F. BLACKIE. Chairman
The Junior Department of the Nashville Chapter. A. R. C., was never formally organized as a department. However, there were two private schools, five county schools and five neighborhood groups in Davidson County organized for Red Cross work, with a total membership of 1.029 members.
Miss Annie Allison's Girls' Preparatory School and the Peabody College Demonstration School did exceptional work for the Nashville Chapter. These schools had weekly meetings which were kept up during the vacation months as well as during the school term. Robertson Academy was the first county district school to organize, and the Red Cross work was carried on until the need for such work no longer existed. Walter Stokes, Read, Central High and Eastland Schools were Davidson County district organizations that comprised a membership of five hundred pupils.
Layettes, refugee garments, dresses, chemises, boys' blouses, quilts, comfort kits. property bags, gun covers. pillows, substitute handkerchiefs, and wash rags were among the articles made by the junior organizations of the Nashville Chapter. The Girls' Preparatory School made Red Cross hospital garments, flat muslin dressings and bandages for first-aid packets.
While not a Junior Auxiliary. Wallace University School boys made 10.000 ap- plicators for first-aid packets.
Before the Nashville Chapter, Red Cross, was organized two children's auxiliaries were formed in Nashville with a membership of over two hundred. These groups met each week in East Nashville and in the West End section of Nashville. Their work consisted of making fracture pillows, wash rags and substitute handkerchiefs.
During this time the boys in the public schools of the county, under the direction of the Director of Manual Training. met each week at Hume-Fogg High School and made a number of boxes of needed articles for the Nashville Chapter. These boxes were made according to Red Cross specifications and were used for shipping the output of the Surgical Dressings and Garment departments. These boys also made various kinds of splints. In the contest held by the Junior Red Cross Committee for designs for furniture to be used in Red Cross Cantonments the first and third prizes were won by the Hume-Fogg High School boys.
Miss Annie Allison's Girls' Preparatory School was the first school in Davidson County to organize and begin work. In September. 1917, with appropriate exer- cises. every girl in this school signed a pledge for Red Cross work. and gave a sub- scription toward the Junior Red Cross Flag. Miss Josephine Farrell was Instructor of the work. and funds to secure materials were raised at a bazaar. class plays and by individual donations of the pupils of the school. This auxiliary gave ten dollars to the Red Cross linen shower, and in addition to the work of the school. the girls did knitting at home. The following girls were members of this unit:
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