USA > Tennessee > Davidson County > History of Davidson County, Tennessee, with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 55
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CITY OF NASHVILLE.
The road is admirably located, and the facilities afforded for the erection of manufacturing establishments on its route are so great that they cannot long remain unnoticed by capi- talists. Cheap living, cheap coal, fertile lands, unoccupied water-power, contiguity to the cotton-fields and to the iron regions, are some of the advantages of the country through which this road passes. Good management and liberal rates on the part of its officers must eventually make it one of the most desirable roads leading to Nashville.
The authorized capital stock of this road is $16,000,000, of which $11,000,000 are paid in; funded debt, $5,000,000; cost of construction, $11,089,000 ; equipments, $1,725,000; real estate, etc., $700,000. Net earnings in 1872, $169,779.16.
TENNESSEE AND PACIFIC RAILROAD.
This road runs from Nashville to Lebanon, the county- seat of Wilson County ; distance, thirty-one miles. It was projected to run to Knoxville, but financial embarrassments checked its progress for a time. The company bought the interest of the State in the road on account of bonds amounting to $1,185,000, paying $300,000 therefor. The net earnings of the road in 1873 were $16,263.82.
GREAT TRUNK RAILWAY TO THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC SEABOARD.
The plan of a great trunk railway from St. Louis to Charleston or Savannah began to be developed by Col. E. W. Cole, president of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railroad, in 1879. In pursuance of this plan, Col. Cole began by the purchase of the Owensboro' and Nash- ville Railroad, which was followed, soon after, by the pur- chase, with his friends, of a controlling interest in the Western and Atlantic Railroad. To this quickly succeeded the purchase of the St. Louis and Southeastern, from Evansville to St. Louis, with the line to be extended from Owensboro' to Evansville. Having formed his line from St. Louis to Atlanta, Ga., Col. Cole waited a while to se- lect his route to the sea, having in his mind one of the four ports of Brunswick, Port Royal, Charleston, or Savannah. He did not think that it was practicable to distribute the importing and exporting business of the line among a num- ber of ports, but that it would require a concentration of the business upon one line and at one port to make it a success, as all past experience and failures of attempts to establish foreign steamship lines from Southern ports had clearly demonstrated. A concentration of business over one line to a given port on the South Atlantic was absolutely necessary to the success of the enterprise, and, while he might have felt entirely friendly towards all the ports, he did not think it wise, after reaching Atlanta, to waste his strength upon all of them and thereby hazard the success of this grand Transatlantic scheme, to perfect which he had spent so much time and thought. He was certainly the first to conceive of such a line under one management from the great West to the South Atlantic. To fritter away by distribution over three or four lines his business at Atlanta would have caused a failure of his plans, and deprived the South and West of the advantages of a great and successful trunk line.
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After the movements made by him, indicated above, which were as rapid in conception and execution, in details and consummation, as were ever made by any general in ancient or modern times, the South was electrified by the announcement that he had secured perpetually the Georgia Central, from Atlanta to Savannah, with all of its connect- ing lines of more than one thousand miles, together with its steamships.
Starting with but four hundred and fifty miles of rail- road, in less than eight months he increased the mileage controlled by his company to about two thousand. He had completed his task, having practically cut off the Louisville and Nashville from St. Louis, the great depot of supplies in the West, turned its Southern flank by securing the lines from Macon to Columbus and all other points in Southwestern Georgia, and absolutely getting in its rear by lines to Troy, Montgomery, and Selma, Ala. At this point it doubtless became manifest to the Louisville and Nash- ville people that to defeat this gigantic plan, conceived and carried to its final consummation by Col. Cole and Governor Brown, they must buy a majority interest in the one com- pany that controlled this continuous system, the capital stock of which being but six million five hundred thousand dollars made the purchase no very difficult matter. It was accordingly purchased.
The truuk line originated by Col. Cole, commencing at St. Louis, fed at Evansville by the line from Chicago, at Nashville by that from Louisville, and at Chattanooga by that from Cincinnati, with the idea of concentration at one port and under one direction, with headquarters at Nash- ville, it is conceded would have been entirely successful ; but few practical men who have given thought to the matter believe that an effort distributed among all the South Atlantic ports can be successful. The country, for a decade or two, may be deprived of such a great trunk line, but the seeds of this enterprise have been sown by Col. Cole, and there can be no doubt that they will ultimately bring forth good fruit .*
COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES.
MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE OF NASHVILLE.
A meeting of the business men of Nashville was held in the rooms of the Cotton Exchange on the evening of June 12, 1878, to plan for the organization of a body which should include the previous trade boards in one general body. On the 20th of June the following agreement was adopted and signed by thirty prominent business firms :
" Resolved, That the organization be known as The Mer- chants' Exchange of Nashville; that it shall embrace the present organization known as the Nashville Cotton Ex- change and Tobacco Board and all other organizations of similar character, and that we organize under the present charter of the Nashville Cotton Exchange; and that the proper authorities be applied to to change the name to The Merchants' Exchange of Nashville.
" The objects of this organization are to provide and regu- late a suitable room or rooms for a Merchants' Exchange
. See biography of Col. E. W. Cole.
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HISTORY OF DAVIDSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE.
in the city of Nashville; to inculcate just and equitable principles of trade; to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to acquire, preserve, and disseminate valuable business information ; and to adjust controversies and misunderstandings between its members.
"Any person or firm engaged in mercantile, manufacturing, banking, transportation, insurance, or kindred pursuits or business in this city may become an active member of this association, and the Board of Directors may have the privi- lege of admitting any citizen of our city to active member- ship on application.
"The officers shall be a president and six vice-presidents, who shall constitute a Board of Directors, and shall be elected annually on the first Wednesday in September. The prop- erty, affairs, business, and concerns of the Exchange shall be managed by the Board of Directors, who shall employ a secretary and elect a treasurer, prepare suitable rooms for the Exchange, and adopt rules for the government of all transactions within the Exchange.
" An annual meeting shall be held at the Exchange on the last Monday in August, to hear the report of the retiring officers, and other meetings can be called by the Board when necessary.
" The annual ducs shall be thirty dollars, payable semi- annually, in advance.
" All election of officers shall be by ballot, each member or firm being entitled to only one vote. The president and six vice presidents shall constitute a Board of Directors for the Exchange.
"The other officers of the Exchange shall be a secretary and treasurer, who shall be chosen by the Board of Di- rectors."
The following officers were then elected : Col. J. P. Mc- Guire, President ; H. C. Hensley and G. M. Jackson, Vice- Presidents, to serve until September, 1880; John N. Sperry and Frank Moulton, Vice-Presidents, to serve until September, 1879; J. H. Wilks and John J. McGavock, Vice-Presidents, to serve until September, 1878.
At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors, John N. Sperry was elected treasurer, and James Mc- Laughlin secretary.
The Board was immediately incorporated under the general law, upon application made June 25, 1877, by John P. McGuire, C. H. Hensley, George M. Jackson, J. M. Sperry, Frank Moulton, J. H. Wilkes, John J. McGavock.
Presidents, J. P. McGuire, 1877-79 ; H. C. Hensley, 1879-80; Vice-Presidents, John N. Sperry, Hefry C. Hensley, John J. McGavock, Frank Moulton, G. M. Jackson, J. P. Dobbins, 1878-80; Treasurer, John N. Sperry, 1877-80; Secretaries, James McLaughlin, 1877 -78; L. R. Wilson, 1878-79; Thomas H. Bradford, 1879-80.
STATEMENT OF IMPORTS.
The following is a carefully-prepared statement of the goods imported by Nashville between Sept. 1, 1879, and March 1, 1880, made from an actual canvass by Thomas H. Bradford, Esq., secretary of the Nashville Merchants' Exchange :
IMPORTS.
NUMBER. VALUE.
WHERE FROM.
Agricultural imple- ments ..
125,000
£125,000
Dayton, Cincinnati, Springfield, Ohio; Richmond, Ind .; Wis- consin ; Illinois; Kentucky; Missouri.
Bagging, pieces.
11,661
Beef, pounds.
6,570,000
394,200
State of Tennessee.
Beer, koga
60,000
125,000
Cincinnati, Ohio; Indianapolis, Ind.
Boots and shoes, cases
70,000
3,000,000
Butter ...
Canned fruits ..
100,000
Coffee, sacks
55.000
3,800,000
Corn, car-loads ...
5,000
1,000,000
Carriagesand wagons
65,000
Ilickman, Ky .; South Bend, Ind .; Louisville, Ky .; Ohio; Wis- consin.
Carpets, yards.
200,000
Philadelphia, Pa .; New York.
Candy, pounds.
200,000
36,000
Philadelphia, Pa .; New York ; Detroit, Mich.
Clothing
1,500,000
New York, Philadelphia, Cincin- nati.
Druggists' supplies ...
1,500,000
New York, Philadelphia, Balti- more, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louisville.
Dry goods, including
cotton goods.
5,500,000
New York and Philadelphia.
Fruit, dried ..
50,000
State.
Fruit, green, bushels.
7,500
12,000
Michigan and New York.
Fertilizers, pounds ...
25,000
Furniture
50,000
Fire-arms
20,000
Flour, barrels.
37,400
2,000,000
Michigan, Virginia, New York. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago. New York and Birmingham, Eng. Evansville, Louisville, St. Louis, Ind.aux, Illinois, Minnesota, Kentucky.
Fire-works.
20,000 ' New York and Cincinnati.
Groceries ..
1,500,000
New York, Boston, New Orleans, Philadelphia.
Harness, etc.
250,000
New York, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati. Manufactured in Nashville.
Iron manufactured, tons ..
6,000
300,000
Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Ironton, Portsmouth, Cincinnati, St.
Jewelry
200,000
Leather, pounds.
200,000
50,000
Millinery
200,000
New York, and factories in Mas- suchusette.
Notions and fancy goods
Oils, petroleum, bar- rels ...
8.000
61,000
Cincinnati, and mostly Louisville. Home product.
Pork, hogy
100,000
1,200,000
From the West.
Paper, tons.
900
216,000
Louisville, Baltimore, Cincinnati, and other markets.
Safes, number
150
150,000
Fifty per cent. from New York, balance Cincinnati and other markets.
Salt, barrels.
65,000
135,200
West Virginia.
Soap, pounds ..
3,500,000
150,000
Chicago, Cincinnati, Ohio, Erans-
Starch, pounds.
40,000
14.000
ville, New York, Philadelphia. Cincinnati, Madison, Ind.
Stoves, number
25,000
150,000
St. Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati, and Zanesville, Ohio.
Tobacco, plug, pounds 2,000,000
800,000
Virginia and Kentucky.
Tobacco,
nue-cut,
10,000
55,000
St. Louis, Baltimore, Cincinnati.
Tobacco, pounds.
smoking,
100,000
50,000
North Carolina and Kentucky.
Tobacco, cigars, thou-
12,500
312.500
New York and Ohio.
Snuff, boxes.
18,000
90,000 10,000
St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville.
Whisky, barrels.
20,000
1,000,000
Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri.
COTTON .- For the year ending Sept. 1, 1873, Nashville shipped to American cities 63,051 bales of cotton, of which 38,523 went to the city of New York alone. Besides this, 38,645 bales passed through the city in transit. In the year ending 1878, with ten per cent. less acreage, and a poor scason as another drawback, the shipment reached 55,605 bales. Of this, 34,500 bales were shipped direct to Liverpool, England. The other leading shipments were,- via Louisville and Nashville Railroad : to Canada points, 694; New York, 1550; interior points, 12,254. Via Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad : to Boston, 100 bales; New York, 1095; Baltimore, 75; interior, 1055; New Orleans, 295 ; Memphis, 107. The crop for the last year handled in Nashville is estimated at nearly 75,000 bales. There are here engaged in this business one weigher, one
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Philadelphia and New York.
Vinegar, barrels.
2.000
New York and Philadelphia; sil- ver and plated ware, Cincinnati. Chiefly New York ; little from St. Louis and Cincinnati.
Peanuts, bushels.
150,000
Louis.
Hardware ..
1,500,000
Boston, Mass.
Received from surrounding coun- tirs: little shipped. New York, imported direct.
Ilome product ; shipped mostly to Alabama, Georgia, and Missis-
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CITY OF NASHVILLE.
cotton-compress, sixteen factors, one large cotton-manufac- tory, and two seed-oil mills.
The advance in railroad facilities has wrought a great revolution in the trade by bringing the interior markets into direct communication with the large manufacturing markets of the world, and through these extraordinary and beneficent changes Nashville, in addition to the old-time outlet by way of New Orleans, has opened up to her cotton trade the outlets via Mobile, Pensacola, Savannah, Port Royal, Charleston, Norfolk, New York, and Boston, through all of which shipments have been made to Euro- pean markets, and by bringing all these routes into active competition it is possible at times to secure rates as low as those ruling in many of the ports; and that these advan- tages are being duly appreciated abroad is clearly proved by the rapid increase of foreign business. It is only about seven years since the first shipment was made from this market to Liverpool on through bills of lading, and yet so great are the facilities for this trade at present that seventy-five per cent. of the whole receipts for the past season were shipped direct from this to foreign markets, and upon its steady growth Nashville will have a basis upon which to largely increase her receipts from year to year, regardless of the extent of the crop planted in her im- mediate vicinity.
THE LIQUOR TRADE began to assume vast proportions immediately at the close of the war. The Fifth District became largely engaged in the manufacture of whisky as early as 1872, and a large amount of capital was invested in the most approved machinery. So superior a brand was made that it found imitators in many of the more western cities. The sales for 1873 reached 100,000 barrels, valued at $5,000,000. There were besides nearly $2,000,000 worth of imported liquors handled. A single Nashville brewery turns out 600 kegs of malt liquor per week. Ten- nessee, throughout the Southern country, has very justly the reputation of manufacturing the purest and finest whisky made in this country. The Lincoln and Robertson County whiskies of this State have as much reputation to- day throughout the country as did the celebrated Bourbon whisky of Kentucky years ago. Nashville is the natural outlet for these celebrated whiskies. The sales in 1878 were 31,945 barrels. For the six months ending March 1, 1880, 20,000 barrels of whisky, valued as $100,000, and 60,000 kegs of imported malt liquor, valued at $125,000, were sold in Nashville. The trade is thought to have increased nearly one quarter within the last two years. There are within the city four large distilleries, 17 whole- sale wine-and-liquor dealers, and 62 saloons.
THE BOOT-AND-SHOE TRADE has nearly doubled since 1873. It then amounted to about $2,000,000 annually. For the six months ending March 1, 1880, there were im- ported 70,000 cases, besides which a large amount of first- class goods are manufactured here. There are 2 large manufactories, 56 custom manufactories, 7 wholesale and 17 retail dealers. The imports mentioned reached a value of $3,000,000. There is a large amount of capital invested and some of the best business men of the city engaged in the shoe business, sending out to all divisions of the State, to North Alabama, North Georgia, North Mississippi, and
Southern Kentucky, nearly 100,000 cases of goods an- nually. There is no more prosperous business in the city than the boot-and-shoe trade.
HATS .- This is also a growing trade, and reaches an annual wholesale amount of nearly $400,000.
THE HARDWARE TRADE .- With the growing demand for improved agricultural implements, farm tools, and the necessary mechanical tools and fixtures for a rapidly-grow- ing country, this trade has become important. Sales are constantly increasing, and new demands are being made upon the trade to keep pace with modern innovations. A large amount of wood-working machinery has within the last decade been put in motion. In 1871 the business amounted to $900,000; in 1872, $1,300,000; in 1873, $1,500,000. These latter figures were reached in the first six months of 1880; besides which, there were $125,000 worth of agricultural implements handled within the same time.
There is no branch of business in this city growing more rapidly in importance, and no city in the South where more select stocks of agricultural implements can be found. And notwithstanding the ever-increasing demand for implements and seeds of all kinds, the market is able to supply the demand fully and satisfactorily. The immense business being done in this line shows with what industry and energy this branch of business is being pushed.
Eleven houses are devoted exclusively to the trade in implements of agriculture, sixteen in wholesale hardware trade, two in horse-shoes, and eleven in stoves and tinware. The trade is largely increased by the increase in home man- ufacture of various ironware productions. There are five iron-dealers, one manufacturer and vender of iron railings, three of building materials, one elevator manufacturer, and the following producers of manufactured iron : Steam-en- gines, four; general machine-shops, six; foundries, six ; millwrights and mill-furnisher, one; nickel-plater, one; plows, one; plumbers, nine; sheet-iron workers, three; wire-workers, one; carriages, eleven ; wagons, seven ; lock- and gunsmiths, eight.
TOBACCO .- The production of this important article of commerce has been constantly on the increase since the re- establishment of civil government in Tennessee. For the year ending Sept. 1, 1872, there were but 946 hogsheads of leaf tobacco received at Nashville, and not a regular tobacco-house in the city. The tobacco raised in the State, and in the country in Kentucky bordering on the Upper Cumberland River, was then shipped direct to Louisville or New Orleans. The next year showed a rapid increase to 2002 hogsheads. Since then, this has become a source of considerable income. There are now several houses engaged in the business, and tobacco finds a ready sale when offered. The amount handled in this market in the year ending Sept. 1, 1873, was 6513 hogsheads. A large portion of this product is raised in Smith, Trousdale, Wilson, Macon, Jackson, Sumner, Putnam, De Kalb, Overton, Clay, and Fentress Counties. The imports of manufactured tobacco for the six months ending March 1, 1880, were 2,111,000 pounds, valued at $995,000, and 12,500,000 cigars, valued at $312,500. The trade now commands the attention of four brokers, five dealers, four factors, and one stemming
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HISTORY OF DAVIDSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE.
establishment. There are within the city seven cigar-manu- factories and six wholesale and fifteen retail dealers in cigars, who also conduct a large tobacco trade as a branch of their business.
PROVISIONS .- The receipt of 17,000 hogs a year at this point was called a fair trade as late as 1870. By 1873 the annual receipts had reached 35,000, about 25,000 of which were packed in this city and the remainder sent South. For the six months ending March 1, 1880, there were 100,000 hogs, representing a capital of $1,200,000, re- ceived in Nashville from the West. The increased demand for salt in packing has caused to be consumed within the same time 65,000 barrels. For the year ending with August, 1878, 81,310 hogs were received, of which 35,000 were taken by two packing-houses of this city, and 38,000 shipped to other markets. There are now three pork-pack- ing establishments regularly engaged in this business. Five large stock-yards receive the cattle, sheep, and hogs sent here for a market.
SHEEP AND CATTLE .- There were 29,985 sheep sold in this market in 1878 as the product of Tennessee farms. Of these 20,000 head were exported to other markets. The product for 1873 was but 16,000 head.
The excellence of Tennessee beef has made Nashville an important shipping-point for this product. Twenty-one thousand head of cattle were sold here in 1873, at an aggregate value of about 8672,000. For the year ending 1878 the number of cattle received and handled in this market was 19,610 head, of which 12,000 were shipped to other markets.
Nashville has become one of the largest stock-markets of the South. But the most gratifying feature of this report is that the figures as given above, representing the receipts of cattle and sheep, show that they are alone the raising of Tennessee farmers, and not importations from other markets.
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