USA > Tennessee > History of the Twentieth Tennessee regiment volunteer infantry, C.S.A > Part 7
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CAPT. ALBERT ROBERTS, CO. A. "JOHN HAPPY." See page 408.
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PART II.
COMPANY HISTORIES.
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COMPANY "A"
Company "A" of the 20th Tenn. Infantry, C. S. A., was raised in Nashville early in the spring of 1861, and known as the "Hickory Guards" in honor of the hero of the Hermitage. W. L. Foster was elected Captain. Bailey Peyton, Ist Lieut., Albert Roberts, 2nd Lieut., and W. E. Demors, 3rd Lieut.
Orville Ewing, Orderly Sergeant. W. G. Ewin, 2nd Ser- geant, W. W. Shute, 3rd Sergeant, L. E. Cato, 4th Sergeant.
W. J. Robertson, Ist Corporal. J. W. Spencer, 2nd Corporal, J. C. Pentecost, 3rd Corporal, and Wm. Kennedy, 4th Corporal.
This company was mustered into the State service May 15th, 1861, and sent to Camp Trousdale for instruction at once. Here they put in a great deal of time drilling and it was justly called the best drilled company in the Regiment, and at the organization of the Regiment, the Hickory Guards were given the place of honor, which was Compay A., the extreme right and head of the Regiment.
The members of this Company were nearly all mature men, and well did they learn the art of war.
Capt. Foster resigned during the winter of 1861, and Lieut. Peyton succeeded him in command. This Company having been made up of men from in and around Nashville, had in it some first class disciples of Bacchus, and when they could obtain the . "Spiritus Frumenti," they would give their officers trouble, but this did not seem to impair their fighting qualities.
Company A went with the Regiment when it was ordered to Virginia early in July 1861, when it went by way of Nash- ville, Chattanooga, and Knoxville, and on to Bristol, but then were ordered back to Knoxville, then to Jacksboro, Cumber- land Gap, and Cumberland Ford, Ky., then to Wild-Cat again, back to the Gap and around by Jamestown to Mill Springs, Ky. When the battle of Fishing Creek came off, Jan. 19th, 1862, Company A was commanded by that knightly young offi- cer, Lieut. Bailey Peyton, who laid down his life on that day as
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one of the first and brightest sacrifices that had as yet been laid on the altar of our Southland. A more gallant knight ne'er drew blade. When this young patriot espoused the cause of his Southland, his father, Hon. Bailey Peyton, was in the Fed- eral Congress as a Union man, and remained so throughout the war.
At the death of the gallant Peyton and the resignation of Capt. Foster, Lieut. Albert Roberts was promoted to the com- mand of Company A. Capt. Roberts was known throughout the land as a versatile and entertaining writer, under the "nom de plume" of "John Happy."
Capt. Roberts commanded his Company in the Battle of Shiloh and resigned after his first year's service, and was after- wards one of the Editors of that tart little sheet published at Chattanooga, called the "Chattanooga Rebel." When this publication succumbed to the influences of war, he accepted a position on the staff of the " Atlanta Confederacy," and later on the "Montgomery Mail."
At the re-organization of the Confederate army at Corinth, Company A made no mistake when it elected that gentle, gal- lant, manly, and moral young soldier, W. G. Ewin as their Captain. They had been with him on several fields, and knew the stuff from which he was made, and well and nobly did he command his Company through all the battles the regiment engaged in until the 27th of June, 1864, at Kennesaw Mt., when he lost a leg which ended his military career in the field, although he desired to remain with the army and asked to be put on post duty.
After the war he was elected Clerk of the Davidson County Court, one of the best offices then in the gift of the people, thus showing how popular he was at home.
W. W. Shute became Ist Lieut. of this splendid body of soldiers at its re-organization in 1862, and had the honor of being the last officer who commanded the remnant of the 20th Tennessee Regiment at the surrender in North Carolina, and on the return home.
Company A and Company B, the two wing Companies, did almost all of the skirmishing for the Regiment, and as an officer in Company B, we felt, when on the skirmish line, that
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COMPANY HISTORY "A"
it would take three times our number of the enemy to force us back, for such men as Wallace Evans, Thos. H. Sneed, John Bradford, W. T. Porch, J. E. Patterson, J. O. Newsom, Henry Wolf, and a host of others, led by the gallant W. G. Ewin were almost invincible.
The roster of Company A from May 15th, 1861, to April 1865 at Greensboro, N. C., was as follows.
Captain, W. L. Foster, resigned during the winter of 1861. Dead.
Ist Lieut., Bailey Peyton, killed at battle of Fishing Creek, Ky., Jan. 19th, 1862.
Lieut. Albert Roberts, was promoted to Captain and re- signed May, 1862. Died in Nashville, Tenn. July 15, 1895.
Lieut. W. E. De Moss, resigned in the spring of 1862, helped to raise 10th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment and was elected its Colonel, and died a few years after the war, at his home in Davidson County, Tenn.
Orville Ewing, Orderly Sergeant, promoted to Asst. Adju- tant General on W. H. Walker's Staff. Killed at Mur- freesboro, 1862.
Anglen, Dave, died at Mill Springs, Ky.
Alloway, O. L. Dead. ( Date and place unknown.)
Allen, J. R. Now at Soldier's Home.
Alford, C. H. Dead. ( Date and place unknown.)
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Berry, Rann. Living near Gallatin.
Baker, W. T. City Judge of Nashville.
Baker, F. M. Killed with General Morgan.
Brady, Jas. Dead.
Bradford, John. Living at Belleview.
Bradford, Edward. Dead.
Burt, W. H. Living at Lavergne.
Cannady, Madison J. Wounded at Baton Rouge, died after the war.
Cathey, Sam, Dead.
Cathey, John. Killed at Fishing Creek.
Cato, John. Died while at Knoxville.
Cato, L. E. Promoted Sergeant Major at re-organization.
Killed at Murfreesboro, Friday, Jan. 2nd, 1863.
Crutcher, L. W. Dead.
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Chilcote, A. B. Living at Chesla, Indian Ty.
Cheek, Hardy. Died at Rome, Ga.
Craighead, W. R.
Clardy, T. R. Dead.
Corley, Seth. Dead.
Dawson, J. R. Died at Soldier's Home.
Davidson, J. T. Dead.
Dix, Robt. Dead.
Ewin, W. G. Promoted to Captain, lost his leg at Kenne- saw Mt., June 27, 1864. Died July 30, 1882. Elliot, L. T.
Evans, W. W. Almost mortally wounded at Chickamauga, now living at Fairfield.
Frazier, J. H. Died at Murfreesboro.
Frazier, Thos. Dead.
Frazier, W. B. Member of the Nashville Police Force.
Graves, Henry, Wounded at Fishing Creek, now living at Nashville.
Greer, J. S. Living at Bellview.
Greer, John, Living at Bellview.
Harland, Joseph, Dead.
Harrison, B. O. Dead.
Hanly, Timothy, Dead.
Ham, A. Living at Narrows of Harpeth, Tenn.
Hawkins, Henry, Dead.
Hite, Jas. H. Dead.
Hill, W. H. Dead.
Higgins, Valentine, Dead.
Hogan, J. W. Dead.
Hobbs, Henry, Killed at Shiloh.
Hull, Robert, Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19th, 1863. Jacobs, W. T. Kahn, Julius, Killed at Chickamauga.
Kennedy, Wm. 4th Corporal, elected Lieutenant at re-or- ganization, wounded several times, losing his thumb by frag- ment of the bomb shell that caused Capt. Ewin to lose his leg. Died after close of the war.
King, Anthony, Dead.
Lowery, Jas. Killed at Fishing Creek.
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Lewis, Jno. Dead. Moss, Chas. Dead.
Morris, A. J.
McCross, Tom. Dead.
McQuerry, G. W. Dead.
McAllister, W. Dead.
McNicholas, Jas. Dead.
Newsom, Jno. Dead.
Newsom, J. D. Dead.
Owen, B. T. Dead.
Patterson, J: E. Color Bearer, badly wounded at Fishing Creek. Dead. Pentecost, J. C. Dead.
Porch, W. T. Living at Bakerville, Tenn.
Porch, J. H. Dead.
Nicholson, N. J. Dead.
Robertson, H. Dead.
Robertson, W. J. Appointed Corporal at organization in 1861 ; transferred to Cavalry in 1862, and promoted to a Cap- taincy in the Tenth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. Wounded severly with Forrest at Murfreesboro ; died recently.
Richardson, T. G. Killed by negro soldier in Miss. while on furlough.
Russell, J. H. Dead.
Rutland, J. A. Dead.
Schlesinger, H.
Shute, Abe, Dead.
Shute, W. W. Promoted to Ist Lieut., now living in Nashville.
Sneed, Thos. H. Living in Nashville, badly wounded.
Stevens, W. H. Dead.
Stevens, Henry, Living in Nashville.
Stevenson, J. R. Dead.
Swift, Ed, Killed at Kennesaw Mtn.
Stewart, F. M. Dead.
Turner, A. G. Living in Texas.
Tigue, A. Dead.
Waldren, Patrick, Dead.
Williams, W. A. Dead.
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Williams, Philip, Dead.
Wiles, W. A. Severely wounded at battle of Shiloh from which he never recovered, died in 1901.
Work, J. W. Dead.
Wolfe, Henry F. Died several years after the war. Wynn, A. J.
Total rank and file, 94 men.
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TIMOTHY JOHNSON, CO. B. See page 422.
CAPT. CHAS. S. JOHNSON, CO. B. See page 416.
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COMPANY "B"
Company B of the 20th Tennessee Infantry was raised at and near Nolensville, Williamson County, Tennessee. The mem- bers of this company came from Williamson, Rutherford and Davidson Counties, as these three county lines all ran near the little village.
Joel Allen Battle of Davidson County was elected Captain, Dr. Wm. M. Clark of Davidson, was elected First Lieutenant ; Thos. Benton Smith, Second Lieutenant, and W. H. Matthews, Third Lieutenant, the two last from Williamson County. M. M. Hin- kle, Orderly Sergeant ; B. F. Holland, 2nd Sergeant ; John F. Guthrie, 3rd Sergeant ; and W. H. Doyle, 4th Sergeant ; First Corporal, E. L. Jordan; 2nd Corporal, W. S. Battle; 3rd Corpo- ral, Harden Bostick; and 4th Corporal, Jas. Gambrill.
These were the Commissioned and Non-Commissioned officers of the Company. This company was called the Zollicoffer Guards in honer of Gen'l Felix K. Zollicoffer, as Battle and Zollicoffer were great friends and were both old line whigs.
After we had drilled in the country for several weeks, we were mustered into the service of the State of Tennessee at Nashville for one year, on the 17th day of May, 1861.
The Company was then ordered to return to their homes for ten days, preparatory to going into camp, and on the 27th of May we were put on board the L & N train at Nashville and car- ried to Camp Trousdale, near the Tennessee and Kentucky state line, where we received our first camp instructions. A few com- panies had preceded us to this camp and others soon followed, and when suffient number had come, a regiment was formed and the Captain of the Zollicoffer Guards, Joel A. Battle, was almost unanimously elected Colonel of the 20th Tennessee Volunteer In- fantry. First Lieut. Wm. M. Clark was promoted to Captain, Thos. Benton Smith to First Lieutenant and W. H. Matthews to Second Lieutenant. A hot contest was made over the vacancy for Third Lieutenant. The candidates were E. L. Jordan and (81)
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William McKinley, the latter had some reputation in the Mexi- can war and also had the support of Corporal W. S. Battle, a son of the Colonel's, and was elected Third Lieutenant.
After drilling in camp for about six weeks, Company B with the balance of the regiment was ordered to Virginia by way of Nashville, Chattanooga and Knoxville, and when we arrived at Bristol, we were halted and returned to Knoxville. A more de- tailed account of the trip will be given in our Regimental His- tory. As we passed Chattanooga, a member of Company B, an Irishman by the name of Timothy Falvy, was taken sick and was left there in the hospital. He was stricken down with typhoid fever and when he recovered and returned to camp, the boys asked him how he liked the hospital. He said he did not like it at all, " for he laid there spacheless for six long weeks in the month of August, crying, wather, wather, wather, and he. couldn't get a dhrop."
After the regiment broke camp at Knoxville, we went to Jacks- boro, and thence to Cumberland Gap, and from Cumberland Gap to Cumberland Ford, in Knox County, Ky. Here we were en- camped for several weeks, and while here a vacancy occurred for Corporal, and W. J. McMurray was elected. About this time the raid on Barboursville was made, but Company B did not par- ticipate in it. Soon after the Barboursville raid, General Zolli- coffer moved on Wild-Cat with his full force, and on the march near London, a little village in Kentucky, we ran on a party of Federals, and one of the boys who had been in the advance came back and excitedly said, " Captain, they are in about a mile of us." The Captain replied, "Well, are we not in a mile of them ? I guess they are as badly frightened as we are."
The next day we reached Laurel bridge. Just beyond the creek was a, flat skirt of undergrowth, and we were told that the enemy was located in these woods ; so Company B, commanded by Captain Clark, was ordered across the bridge and deployed as skirmishers, for the first time in the presence of the enemy, as we thought. We had scarcely gotten our skirmish line formed, when one of Company B saw some one in front of him and fired, and we at once had an order from our Captain to rally on the left group, which was a quarter of a mile from the right group, and your writer was in the right group. One can imagine how
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COMPANY HISTORY "B"
those of us on the right felt trying to double quick through the thick undergrowth and fallen timber to reach our comrades on the left ; and when we did reach them, such confusion of both officers and men we never witnessed before or since. There were not a half dozen men of the entire company of 80 who had presence of mind enough to form a line of battle, and the whole thing was brought about by one of Company B firing on one of the 19th Tennessee Regiment that had preceded us across the creek, and we did not know it.
Order was restored, and we rejoined our regiment and pro- ceeded on towards Wild-Cat, which we reached the next evening, with Battle's Regiment in front of Zollicoffer's brigade. It was here, that evening, that Company B saw the first dead Federal. The regiment waded Rock Castle River three times in less than two hours on a cold, frosty evening, and then went into camp about two miles from the enemy's fortification. Next morning early we began a slow approach on the enemy, up a deep ravine, with the 20th Regiment left in front, Company B being in the ad- vance. We proceeded cautiously to the head of the ravine, and Company B was ordered to deploy as skirmishers, but was soon recalled and ordered off about a mile from the ravine road to guard the top of a high mountain. When we reached the top and found everything quiet, we threw out videttes, stacked our arms, and lay down, as we thought, in security, when all at once one of our videttes, by the name of W. H. Doyle, fired at a bushwhacker who was trying to slip upon us. About one-third of Company B were asleep, and as soon as Vidette Doyle fired, Captain Clark gave the command to fall in, fire, and fall back. The men, being aroused in such a surprised manner, hastily fell in line, fired, and began a hasty retreat as ordered, and if it had not been for Lieut. Thos. Benton Smith, the whole company of about 80 men would have run off the mountain, when they had not seen a single Yankee.
The company was finally rallied and carried back to our firing line, and we sent out a detail to see what had become of Doyle. He was found still at his post, and had never moved. He told the detail what he had seen and done, and went with them to the spot, and there they found a tall mountaineer dressed in blue jeans, with a squirrel rifle, and with a bullet hole in the back of
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his neck, that wounded him so that he could not get away. That magnificent body of men that afterwards made such fine soldiers were getting in a fair way to have been ruined. After the battle we joined our regiment and bivouacked near the spot we did the night before, and began to retreat before day next morning back to Cumberland Gap over the same road that we had advanced.
About this time a vacancy of Sergeant occurred, for the Sec- ond Sergeant of Company B had to act as Orderly Sergeant in place of Sergeant John F. Guthrie, who had been sent home with an attack of typhoid fever, and Corporal W. J. McMurray was elected to the position. The brigade then went westward down the mountain by Jimtown, over by Monticello, on to Mill Springs, on the south bank of the Cumberland River. We crossed over and camped on the north bank of the river, remain- ing here until the night of Jan. 18, 1862, when our regiment was ordered to the battle field of Fishing Creek. In this engage- ment several members of Company B distinguished themselves, and especially Lieut. T. B. Smith, who was in command of the company. Our company lost several killed and wounded. On the night of Jan. 19, we recrossed the river, and retreated through the mountains to Gainesboro, in Jackson County, Tenn., on the bank of the Cumberland River, and from here to Murfreesboro, where we met the forces of Gen. Albert Sid- ney Johnson, on their way to the field of Shiloh. We were en- camped a while at Iuka, and Burnsville, Miss. While at Burns- ville our entire regiment received new Enfield rifles in exchange for our old flint-lock muskets that we had packed around for nearly a year. We were ordered out to test our new guns, dis- tance 200 yards off hand. As there were thirty-three pairs of sewed boots found among the cartridge boxes, belts, and bayonet scabbards, the Colonel ordered that three pairs be given to each company, and the three best shots in each company .be given the boots. In Company B, Tom Hall got first choice, W. J. McMurray second choice, and Jas. T. Mathews third choice.
The battle of Shiloh soon followed, in which Company B suf- fered severely, and while in the hottest of the fight, your writer saw Gen. John C. Breckinridge ride up to Lieut. T. B. Smith,
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COMPANY HISTORY "B"
who was in command of Company B, and say : "Captain Smith, charge ; charge, and they will run." At the receipt of this order, Captain Smith put his cap on the point of his sword and raised it high in the air, and with a rebel yell led the charge. After this battle the regiment returned to Corinth, and on the 8th of May, 1862, the Confederate Army was re- organized. The officers elected by Company B were : John F. Guthrie, Captain ; Chas. Johnson, First Lieutenant ; W. J. McMurray, Second Lieutenant ; Thos. G. Williams, Third Lieu- tenant ; Sylvester Williams, Orderly Sergeant. Captain Clark, who had been acting as Surgeon of the regiment after the battle of Shiloh, resigned that position, and came into Middle Tennes- see to raise a battalion of cavalry.
Lieut. W. H. Matthews, who had served Company B well, was not re-elected. Under its new organization Company B began its first service with Gen. Beauregard, around Corinth, and ac- companied the army on its retreat to Tupelo, Miss., and from here was sent over to Davis' Mill, on the Mississippi Central Railroad, and from there to Vicksburg, Miss., where we partici- pated in the first seige of that place.
It was here that our regiment was ordered into an old ware- house, when the Federal fleet began to shell the town, and Cap- tain Guthrie and Lieutenant McMurray were laying on a blanket in the warehouse, when a large shell from the Federal Mortars burst over the building, and a piece that would weigh about 100 pounds crashed through the roof and fell on the blanket between them, harming neither. We had a great deal of sickness here, and we were not sorry when orders came to go with Gen. Breck- inridge to fight the battle of Baton Rouge, in which engagement Company B lost one of its most popular members, Wm. Hay.
Breckinridge's Division went into camp at Jackson, Miss., and from there we were ordered to Knoxville, Tenn., from there to Murfreesboro, and from there to Stewart's Creek, near Lavergne, which was then our advance outpost, where a number of recruits were received by Company B. We remained here until a short time before the battle of Murfreesboro, when we, with our regi- ment, were ordered back to this town, where we participated in that terrible struggle in front of the Cowan House, where John Smith and Robert Peel were killed, and a large number of Com-
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pany B were wounded ; and again, on Friday evening, Company B was in the Breckinridge charge from start to finish. After the battle was over our regiment retreated to Tullahoma, and went into winter quarters, and in April, 1863, were ordered to Fairfield, about eight miles from Tullahoma, and while there we fought in the battle of Hoover's Gap. The Breckinridge flag presentation will be described in our Regimental History. At the battle of Hoover's Gap Maj. Fred Claybrook was killed, and Capt. Guthrie of Company B, being senior officer, was promoted to Major. This made C. S. Johnson, Captain ; W. J. McMur- ray, First Lieutenant, and T. G. Williams, Second Lieutenant. Company B had been reduced so much that we did not fill the vacancy of Third Lieutenant.
The next engagement that Company B engaged in was that ever memorable battle of Chickamauga. We went into that battle 26 strong, the largest company in the regiment, and had four killed, viz., Eugene Street, Jas. Nevins, Milton Johnson, and David King ; and 15 were wounded, making a total of 19 killed and wounded out of 26.
The battle of Missionary Ridge was next fought, and the 20th Regiment still maintained its reputation for courage and disci- pline. After this battle we went into winter quarters at Dalton, Ga., and in the spring of 1864, full of pluck and grit, we began that long and memorable campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, fight- ing at Dalton, Resaca, Calhoun, New Hope, Dallas, Pine Moun- tain, Kenesaw Mountain, and Peachtree Creek, July 22, where the Federal general, McPherson, was killed, the battle on the 6th of August, and at Jonesboro, Ga., Aug. 31, where our former captain, now Major Guthrie, was killed. After this bat- tle we followed Hood north into Tennessee. One of Company B, H. C. Peay, was killed from a block house at Dalton, Ga., in this march.
Company B came with the regiment into Middle Tennessee and fought in the battles of Franklin, Murfreesboro, and Nash- ville. (For a more detailed account of this command in Tennes- see I will refer our readers to the history of Company E, by Ralph Neal, who was with the regiment all through this cam- paign).
As I had been wounded in Breckinridge's charge at Murfrees-
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COMPANY HISTORY "B"
boro, also at Chickamauga and Resaca, Ga., and had lost my left arm at Atlanta, and nearly my life from gangrene in the stump, I was practically out of the fight for a while. I met Hood's army in North Mississippi, as it retreated out of Tennessee, and reported for duty, but was sent off on post duty, and the army went into the Carolinas under that prince of soldiers, Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, and was with him in the battle of Bentonville, the last. battle of the war of any note, and it was here that George Peay, a faithful soldier of Company B, was appointed a Lieuten- ant, and well did he deserve it. The remnant of this magnifi- cent company, that had in its ranks from first to last 159 men, but when they were surrendered by Gen. Jos. E. Johnston to Gen. W. T. Sherman, at Greensboro, N. C., April 20, 1865, and marched out to stack their arms, Lieutenant Peay, in command of six men, were all that remained.
Oh, war ! where are your victims? Oh, Southland ! how great have been your sacrifices ?
The remnant of this little band that followed Gen. Jos. E. Johnston to the end made their way through the mountains back to their homes and loved ones in Middle Tennessee, and attached is the name and roll of each and every one of the 159 men, in which we will attempt to tell what has become of each, whether dead or alive.
List of Company "B," 20th Tennessee Voluntary Infantry, . from April, 1861, to April, 1865 : -
Joel A. Battle was elected captain ; promoted to colonel; cap- tured at the battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862 ; remained in prison until the fall of that year. After his release he was appointed Treasurer of the State of Tennessee, by Gov. Isham G. Harris ; was appointed by Gov. John C. Brown, Superintendent of State Prison in 1872. Died Aug. 23, 1872, of dysentery ; buried at his old home in the Sixth District of Davidson County.
Lieut. Wm. Martin Clark. Promoted to captain, afterwards Acting Surgeon of the regiment ; resigned in the spring of 1862; died in the Eighth District of Davidson County, in the year 1895.
Lieut. Thos. Benton Smith. Promoted to First Lieutenant, then to Captain ; elected Colonel May 8, 1862 ; promoted to Brigadier General in 1864; now in the Middle Tennessee Insane
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