USA > Tennessee > Davidson County > Nashville > Nashville Business Directory, 1860-61 > Part 5
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The course of study pursued in this far-famed institution is divided into three departments, viz : Preparatory, Academic and Collegiate, re- quiring a period of nine years for graduation, if scholars enter the Prepar- atory department, which is designed for little girls under ten years of age. The Academic department occupies four, and the Collegeiate department also four years.
This institution has received no endowments except fifteen thousand dollars paid by the original stockholders, yet it has not only been self- sustaining, but self-enriching. In eighteen years it has more than doub- led the extent of its grounds, and made additions of three new large buildings.
It is a singular fact that during forty years but two deaths have occured in the institution. This does not include two others who were brought there sick, and were nursed by their parents.
The success of this school is hardly parallelled, we venture to say, by any other in the Union. It is an object of pride, not only to its conduc- tors and the city, but to the entire South.
SELECT SCHOOLS, &c.
In addition to the educational facilities already mentioned, there are numerous select, private and general schools, Acadamies and Colleges, in and about the city, which are justly popular, and successful.
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TENNESSEE STATE CAPITOL
Our Directory would be incomplete, if there was not some mention made of the above building and of its contents. It is to a stranger com- ing in our midst the chiefest and first object of attraction, at least in an architectural point of view. Connoisseurs, practical architects and trav- elle i gentlemen of intelligence who have visited our city since its erection pronounce it the most completely finished edifice within their knowledge. We are enabled to give a pretty well executed woodcut view of the build- ing, which though the best representation of it which has yet been pro- duced, still gives but a faint idea of its magnitude, elegance and exquisite symmetry of proportion. It is an honor alike to the genius of the distin- guished architect, Mr. Strickland, who is burried within its walls ; and to the Legislative bodies which have suceessively voted the appro- priations necessary for its erection and completion,
Like all similar public improvements, it has had from the first, among the ignorant and narrow minded, its bitter enemies. Some years ago, when a proposition was made in the Legislature to make a further appro- priation of $200,000 for the prosecution of the work, one gentleman-> "member" from the fastnesses of the far interior-rose in his place, and offered a bill in lieu, reducing the amount to $10,000, alledging that the sum named was amply sufficient to complete the building, whitewash it thoroughly, and put a good, substantial fence around it ! Such was the kind of opposition against which the more enlightened members of our General Assembly had to contend.
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It may very well be doubted whether the noble edifice which now so proudly crowns the loftiest eminence in our city, would ever have been built, if the apparently extravagant style and cost of erection up to the present time, had at first been known. Yet, as compared with the cost of other State Capitols, the amount is not great. The entire cost of the Ohio State House will probably be between two and three millions of dollars. It is said that something like a million has already been expen- ded upon the South Carolina State House, which is, as yet, but about half built. When one story had been completed and arched over, we under- stand that it began to show alarming signs of weakness, the arches open- ing in some places to a width of several inches-the result of unskillful work about the foundations. The entire walle were taken down and re- built by and under the superintendence of more skilfull architects. The Custom House at New York cost about $900,000, the New York Mer- chants Exchange, $1,200,000, and the Girard College at Philadelphia something near $3,000,000 altogether. The elevation of this last building was originally designed by Mr. Strickland.
Our State has been peculiarly fortunate in the construction of its Capi- tol. In the first place the funds have been honestly expended, the com-
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missioners were honest, intelligent and liberal men in their views, and have never received or desired one cent for their services during the whole period of the erection of the building, fifteen years, though at times their proceedings as to matters of taste have been severely criticised on all hands, and the successive legislatures have on several occasions treated them very cavalierly in the examination of their accounts, though they have invariably found everything correct to the letter, as far as their proceedings were concerned. Previously to the year 1843 the seat of government of the State had not been finally settled upon. It had been located at various times at Knoxville, Kingston, Murfresboro' and Nashville. The Davidson county Court House had been used previously for the meetings of the Legislatuae, but the building becoming too small for the increasing numbers of the body, the project of building a State Capitol was spoken of, but the permanent location of the seat of State government had first to be determined on. Its location at Nashville was not by any means a fixed fact though the sessions of the Legislature had been held there for some years, that is for the years 1812-13-15, and from 1820 to that time. Almost every town in the State having any preten- sions at all to eligibility, or convenience of position, had their advocates. The following places were successively voted for :- Woodbury, McMinn .- ville, Franklin, Murfresboro', Kingston, Lebanon, Columbia, Sparta, Gallatin, Clarksville, Shelbyville, Harrison, Chattanooga, Cleveland, Ath- ens, Knoxville, and finally Nashville. The location had once been fixed at Kingston, but on a reconsideration of the vote, Nashville was triumph- ant, though this result must be mainly attributable to the liberality of our city, having purchased the present capitol, then Campbell's Hill, from the Hon. G. W. Campbell, for $30,000 and presenting it to the State as a free gift. This Act was passed October 7th, 1843. The project of build- ing a capitol was then urged and twenty-four days after the passage of the act just mentioned, an act was passed (January 30th, 1844) making the first appropriation to the capitol-$10,000, commissioners were ap- pointed-Wm. Carroll, (Gov.) Wm. Nichol, John M. Bass, Samuel D. Morgan, James Erwin, and Morgan W. Brown. To whom were added, May 14th, 1844, James Woods, Joseph T. Elliston, and Allen A. Hall, John M. Bass, chairman, and March 31st, 1848 appointed President, which position he held till March 31st, 1854, when Samuel D. Morgan was appointed, and still holds it. April 20th, 1854, Messrs. John Camp- bell, John S. Young and Jacob McGavock were appointed commissioners by Gov. Johnson. By Act of February 28th, 1854, Messrs. R. J. Meigs, and James P. Clark, were appointed commissioners. Mr. John D. Win- ston appointed commissioner by the Governor. The following Govern- ors of the State have ex-officio held the office of commissioners : Wm. Carroll, James K. Polk, James C. Jones, Aaron V. Brown, Neil S. Brown, Wm. Trousdale, Wm. B. Campbell, Andrew Johnson, and our present
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governor, Isham G. Harris. Messrs. Nichol, Erwin, Elliston, Bass; bare resigned. Messrs. Brown, Woods and Young, died. Of the Governors, Messrs. Carroll, Polk, Jones, and A. V. Brown, have died. Upon the first appointment of the Commissioners, they were extremely fortunate in securing the services of so distinguished an architect as Mr. Wm. Strickland, of Philadelphia, than whom no man of his profession in the country had a wider or more merited fame.
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The ground was began to be cleared off of the site about the 1st of January, 1845, foundations dug, and nearly finished by the 4th of July, on which day the corner stone was laid in the south-east corner of the building with imposing ceremonies, just fourteen years and seven months ago. An eloquent oration was delivered on the occasion, by the Hon. Edwin Ewing. The building was carried on regularly and steadily with out error or interruption, till the time of Mr. Stricklands death, April 7th 1854. His funeral ceremonies were conducted in the Representative Hall and he was entombed in a recess in the wall of the north basement Portico after having lived to see the principal part of the work finished. There are but few instances in which so noble a work has served as the tomb and monument of its designer, Sir. Christopher Wren, architect of St. Pauls' Cathedral, London, and the architect of the Cologne Cathedral, are the noted examples of the sort.
After the death of Mr. Strickland, the work was for several years car- ried on by his son, Mr. F. W. Strickland.
The last stone of the tower was laid July 21st, 1855, and the last stone of the lower terrace, March 19th, 1859, which completed the stone work.
The building was first occupied by the Legislature, October 3d, 1853. The following table shows the cost of the building each year since its commencement, as also the cost up to each year and to the present time.
APPROPRIATIONS TO BUILDING-FUND.
Date.
Appro- priati- ons.
Expendi- ture on Building.
Purchase of grounds.
Decora- tions.
Peniten tlary.
Sundries
Total appro- priation of each year.
Jan. 80, '44
$10,000
"Jan. 5, '46
89,000
$10,000
Jan. 5,
146
8,500
8,500
50,500
Teby. 9, '50
150,000
150,500
Jany. 81, '52
250,000
800,500
Keby. 28, '54 1 98, '56
150,000
To Oct'58 776,604 99
To Oft '57 42,157
Oct. '57. 28,701 44
Oct 1 'ST 41,229 80
Oct 1'57 16,821 27
750,500
1844 to 1850
$900,500|.776,604 99
$50,650
$28,701
41,222 80
16,821 27
$900,500
*$16,000 per annum for two years. t-50,000 per annum for two years.
A concise statement of the site, plan, and structure of the building is indispensable to the formation, by distant readers, of a correct idea of its
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200,000
550,500
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appearance ; though a verbel description, even with the help of the pic- ture, must of course be very imperfect. The State House is a parallelo- gram, 112 by 239 feet, with an elevation 64 feet, 8 inches above an ele- vated terrace walk which surrounds it, or 74 feet, 8 inches above the ground. Rising through the centre of the roof is the tower, which is 30 feet, square and 80 feet high. The main idea of the elevation of the building is a Greek Ionic temple, erected upon a rustic basement, which in its turn rests (in appearance) upon a terraced pavement. The build- ing has four fronta-on every side- north, south, east and west, each side graced' with a noble porticos. The end portico-north and south- are each composed of 8 magnificent Ionic columns. The side portico's-east and west-are composed each of 6 columns. These columns, 28 in all, are each 4 feet in diameter, by 83 feet high, and rest upon the entablature of the basement; this entablature is supported by a rusticated pier rising through the basemeut story, under each column of the portico above. The end porticos are capped by an entablature, (which is continued around the building) above this entablature is a heavy pediment. The side porticos are capped by the entablature and double blocking courses.
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The building inside is divided into three stories the crypt or collar ; the basement or first floor ; and the main or second floor. The crypt is used for the State Arsenal and for furnaces and the like. The basement has a passage or hall through the centre of the building 204 feet long by 24 feet wide, crossed transversely by three halls, the main one 100 feet long by 30 feet 3 inches, height of this floor 16 feet 4 inches. This floor is divided in Supreme and Federal Court rooms, each 35 feet by 52 feet 8 inches-and offices for the Governor, the Comptroller, the Treasurer, the. Secretary of State, Register of Lands, Superintendant of Weights and Measures, and Keeper of Public Arms, and Clerks of the Supreme and Federal Courts, (each of which is 16 by 34 feet,) and by the Archive Room, which is 34 feet square. This room is fitted up in a handsome manner, with book and paper cases made of white walnut and the room otherwise handsomely furnished. The Court-rooms are also well fur- nished, the Supreme Court-room in a very excellent manner. The main floor is reached by a handsome flight of 24 steps, 11 feet wide, at the west end of the basement transverse hall. The balusters or hand railing of this stairway are of East Tennessee marble, s most beautiful colored mot- tled marble, very hard and taking a high polish. The transverse hall of this upper is the same as that of the lower floor in dimensions. The lon- gitudinal hall of this floor is 128 feet 2 inches long, by 24 feet 2 inches wide, the side passages as below. The height of these balls and of all of the rooms of this floor is 39 feet. The rooms are-The "Representa- tive Hall, 61 by 97 feet, Senate Chamber 34 feet 8 inches by 70 feet 8 in- ches, Library rooms, respectivively 16 by 34, and 34 by 34 feet, and Com- mittee rooms, each 16 8 inches, by 16 feet 8 inches.
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The Representative Hall is a truly noble apartment and an honor to the genius and taste of the architect. The main floor 61 by 97 feet, is flanked on the east and west sides by eight committee rooms 16 feet 8 in- ches by 16 feet 8 inches. Above these rooms on each side are the public galleries. The front of each of these galleries is graced by eight coupled columns, 21 feet 11 inches high, and 2 feet 10 inches in diameter, of the composite order and fluted. The shaft of each column is of one block of stone and capped by exceedingly graceful and elaborate capitals, the de- vice of the architect. This room is well furnished, and windows cur- tained. The Speakers stand and screen wall is composed of red, white and black Tennessee Marble. The chandelier is from the establishment of Cornelius & Baker, of Philadelphia, and is one of the largest, most elaborate, graceful and costly chandeliers in the Union, and cost $1500. The chief points in the design, are representations of the natural animal and vegetable productions of the State, such as cotton, corn and tobacco. There are also six buffalos, extremely well executed, and a number of Indian warriors, each nearly 2 feet high, and of most excellent proportions The burners are 48 in number.
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The Senate chamber 34 by 70 feet, is also well fitted up, and is sur- rounded on three sides, north, west and south by a gallery for the public, 10 feet 9 inches wide, supported by 12 smooth Ionic columns of red Tennessee marble columns, each 10 feet 8 inches high, and 3 feet 5 1-2 in- ches in circumference, with black marble bases and architrave of red and white marble. This room has also a chandelier, similar in design to that of the Representative Hall, though smaller, and of probably better pro- portions.
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There are 34 chandelirs, 11 brackets, 12 pendants, and 8 gaselabras in the whole building, with 420 burners. With 1 chandelier of 40 burners 3 of 30 burners, 1 of 18, 1 of 15, 2 of 12, 6 of 8, 2 of 6, 18 of 4, &c. All of these elegant gas-fixtures were made by Messrs. Cornelius & Ba- ker, of Philadelphia.
Above the centre of the building and through the roof rises the tower, supported by four massive piers rising from the ground, 10 by 12 . feet. The design of this structure (the tower) for it is a noble work in itself, is a modified and improved re-production of the "Choraqic Monument of Lysicrates," or as it is sometimes called the "Lantern of Demosthenes," erected in Athens, about 335. B. C. and still standing. The tower is com- posed of a square rustic base, 36 feet square and 42 feet high, with a window in each front. Above this the lantern or round part of the tow- er rises, 26 feet 8 inches in diameter, by 37 feet high. It consists of a circular cell, with eight most beautiful three-quarter fluted Corinthian columns, attached around its outer circumference, with alternate blank, and pierced windows between each two columns, in each of the two sto- ries of the cell. The columns have each a very elaborate and beautifully
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wrought capital of the purest Corinthian style, and above all a heavy entablature. The column shafts are 2 feet 6 inches in diameter by 27 feet 8 inches high, and capital 4 feet high. The roof and iron finial ornament are together 34 feet high above the last stone of the tower, making the whole height of the edifice above the ground 206 feet 7 inches, or over 400 feet above low water in the Cumberland river near by. The following table exhibits some of the principal dimensions of the building at a glance :
Length,
. 239 ft. 3 in.
do including terrace at each end 17 feet wide, and pro- jecting steps, 16 feet 10 inches, - 306 ft. 8 in .
Width at each end,
112 ft. 5 in.
do do do including terrace 17 feet wide at each
side,
142 ft. 5 in. .
do do the centre, including side porticos, each 13
feet wide, 138 ft. 5 in. Heighth of building, as follows :
Lower terrace, or pavement, 2 ft.
Upper terrace, 8 ft. 9 in.
From upper terrace to top of entablature of main building 64 ft. 8 in.
End pediments, or of the roof, - 18 ft. Stonework of tower above roof of main building, 79 ft. 2 in. Iron finial ornament, together with the tower roof, 34 ft.
Total height, 206 ft. 7 in. Some of the more minute details should be mentioned. The roof of the building is constructed of rafters, composed of Cumberland river wrought iron ties and braces, trussed in sections and joined together by cast iron plates and knees by wrought iron purlins-the greatest span of these wrought iron rafters is over the Representatives' Hall, a distance of sixty- five feet. The whole is sheathed and covered with copper. The water is conveyed from the roof by cast iron gutter pipes, eight inches in di- ameter, inserted in the walls, and is carried to basins under the terrace pavements all around the building. This water will be eventually used to irrigate the grounds when completed.
There has just been placed on each step buttress, on each front of the building, an ornamental iron lamp post, sixteen in number, made at the establishment of Wood, Perot & Co., Philadelphia, which are certainly the most elaborate and costly objects of the kind which have yet been put up in iron in this country. Each post consists of a composite flated . column, resting on a heavy base, and supporting above a large glass lamp with gas burners. Around this column, and standing on the base, are three youthful figures, nearly life size, representing Morning, and Night, (female figures half draped) and Noon, a youth holding a torch. A hap-
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py conception of the Artist, and a credit to him, keeping in view the price paid for them and the time to do them in. There are twenty-four of these figures altogether.
The walls of the building, for the foundation are seven feet thick ; the upper walls four and a half feet ; the inner walls are respectively three feet, two feet, eighteen inches, and twelve inches. All of the inside walls are laid with rubbed stone ; the terraces, pavements, and the round part of the tower, square droved or chiselled ; outer walls of first story and square part of tower, rusticated work and tooled. The walls around the grounds will be drafted bush hammered.
The material of the building is of a stratified limestone, full of fossils, some of it very hard, of a slightly blueish gray tint, with cloud-like markings. It is found within a half mile west of the building, in a quarry opened by the State, on the grounds of Mr. Samuel Watkins. Stones have been quarried from this place weighing in their rough state / fifteen or twenty tons, and thirty or more feet long. One of the terrace stones of the building is eight feet three inches by fourteen feet, and the cap stones of the terrace step butresses are five feet ten inches by sixteen feet eleven inches, the heaviest weighing probably eight or ten tons. The stone may be considered both as to durability and beauty of ap- pearance, when worked, equal, if not superior, to any building stone in the Union. The building, or parts of it, have now stood the test of the storms of over fourteen, years and is still without flaw, though our climate is exceedingly changeable, and very destructive to building stone when much exposed, as some other of our public edifices built by inferior limestone will show. The doors, and window frames and sash are all of oak. The stair- ways throughout are hanging and of stone except the tower and library steps, which are of iron. Nearly the whole of this work on the build- ing was done by Tennessee mechanics and artisans. The stone cutting and setting are most admirably done, and is not excelled or hardly equalled in the United States of Europe.
There yet remains work enough to be done on the building and grounda to exercise the liberality of future legislatures. The grounds, which are unenclosed, are in a most chaotic state, a mere mass of huge broken rocka, together with various dilapidated out houses, altogether a disgrace to the State and city. If once completed, according to the original plan of the Architect, and in a manner worthy of the building, the Capitol of Ten- nessee, with its grounds, will probably be the completest establishment . of the kind in America. It is devoutly hoped that the work will be car- ried forward without delay, and in a spirit of the largest and most enlight- ened liberality.
A brief account of the principal objects worthy of attention in the Capitol will not be out of place, and first let us have :
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THE STATE LIBRARY.
THIS establishment occupies three rooms, which were all one room, 38 by 70 and 40 feet high, when first finished, but two partition walls werd built across, each 16 feet high, making two additional rooms out of it, each 16 by 35 feet and 16 feet high, leaving a space or gallery above each small room and enclosed in the larger room. Between these two rooms there is another room 84 by 35 feet, and 40 feet high, with the galleries on each side as mentioned above. Within the last three months, two iron galleries, with book shelves of iron, have been thrown across the eastern and southern sides of the room and will hereafter be carried around the room. These shelves will hold about 10,000 volumes. The galleries are reached by a very elegant iron spiral stairway. The whole of the iron work is done by Messrs. Wood & Perot, of Philadelphia, in a most excellent and beautiful manner. This firm also did the iron work on the stairways, the tower, and the elaborate lamp-posts on the ter- race step buttresses. For some years previous to 1854, the State Library consisted entirely of donations from our State, from other States, and from the Federal government. Counting a large number of duplicates, there were about 10,000 volumes, but only obout 1500 or 2000 seperate works. The books were kept in a room devoted to that purpose in the Davidson County Court-house, which formed a kind of passage way or ante-room to the Governors and Secretaries of States' office and the Rep- resentative chamber, (the Legislature then met there.) It was conse- quently open all the time in the day and even in the night. On account of this negligence, a large number of the Law Reports, etc., of this and other States were lost, misplaced, or stolen. In 1853, when the Legisla- ture first met in the Capitol, the books were removed there.
By Act of January 20th, 1854, the Sec'y of State was constituted ex- efficio libarian. By Act of March 4th 1854, the sum of $5000 was ap- propriated to purchase a library, and Mr. R. J. Meigs, was appinted com. missioner to procure the books. Mr. M. went east in April 1855, and made an excellent selection of books for a reference library, the appropri- ation not being deemed sufficient to indulge in literary specialities or rari- ties. By act of March, 1st, 1846, Mr. Meigs was appointed Librarian, and an appropriation of $500 was made for the annual increase of the library. By the Act of March 10th, 1858, a tax of one sixteenth of a cent on every hundred dollars of the taxable property of the State was levied for the benefit of the library, for the next two years. This amoun- ted to about $2000 per annum. By an act of this session passed Febru- ary 14,1860, the sum of $2500 per annum was appropriated to the library making altogether, the sum of $12,000 expended on books to the present time, exclusive of the librarian's salary, which is small.
In future the annual appropriation will be $3000 per annum counting
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the former annual appropriation of $500 which is still in force. By means of these several appropriations the collection of books, and of good books, has increased gradually in 6 years from 1500 volumes to about 11,000 volumes, and about 4000 pamphlets, nearly half of which are the State publications of the various States, of our State, and ot the Federal government. The miscellaneous books are every year growing in number and value. Though the collection has only began, in a measure, a number of most excellent works are to be found in the library, such as The English Parliamentary History and Debates from A. D. 1066 to 1840, in 157 vols., The English Statutes at large, from A. D. 1225 to 1859, in 81 .vols., English State Trials, 22 vols., English (Dodsleys') Annual Reg- ister from 1758 to 1859, 100 vols., 800. The Edinburgh Review in . 112 vols., 8vo, from 1802 to 1859. The Quarterly Review from 1809 to 1859, 103 vols. The North American Review from 1815 to 1856, in 84 vols. The Gentleman's Magazine from 1731 to 1857, 206 vols. The United Service Journal, from 1829 to 1857, in 85 vols. The Annals of Congress from 1789 to 1824, 42 vols, and Congressional Debates from 1824 to 1837, 29 vols., and Congressional Globe from 1833 to 1859, 51 vols, in all 122 vols. The Classical Journal, 40 vols, in 20. Lemaire's Latin Classics in 147 vols. Library of the Fathers, 39 vols .. Sydenham Society's Works, (Medical) 40 vols. The Camden Society's Publications (Historical) 53 vols. Hunts' Merchants' Magazine, 40 vols. DeBow's Review and Indus- trial Resources, 20 vols. Biographie Universelle, 84 vols. The Moniteur (the French official Government Journal) 133 vols, folio. This copy was once the property of the King of France-Louis Phillippe. Historire De l'Academie des Inscriptions, &c.,90 vols. 4to. Dictionnaire et Journal des Sciences Medicales, 60 et 44 vol, in all 104 vols. L'Art de Verifier- les Dates, 41 vols. Guirots' Collection des Memoirs Relatifs a l'His- toir de France, 31 vols. Sismondi, Histoir des Francais, 31 vols. Cuv- iers' Regne Animal, 10 vols, texte, and 10 vols, plates. Dictionnaire de l'Histoire Naturel, 13 vols, text, and 3 of plates. Medicourm Graeco- rum Opera, &c. Galen, 22 vols. Pinkerton's Voyages, 17 vols, 4to. Dugdales' Monastieon Anglicanum, 8 vols, folio. Ancient and Modern Universal History, 65 vols. Philosophical Transactions, 1665 to 1800, 10 vols, 4to. The British Poets, (Childs edition) 105 vols, 16 mo. The Journal of Agriculture and Prize Essays of the Highland Society, in 38 vols. Atlas Historique, 7 vols, folio, Amsterdam, 1719. Henry Stephens' Greek Thesaurus, 8 vols, folio. Struvius, Bibliotheca Historica 11 vols. Fabricius' Bibliotheca Graeca, 12 vols. 4to. Sillimans' Jour-, ual of Science, 79 vols. Niles Register, from 1811 to 1848, 67 vols, 4to. Chalmers Biographical Encyclopaedia, 32 vols. Nichols Literary His- tory and Anecdotes, 15 vols. Vetus et Norum Testamentum ex anti- quissimo Codico Vaticano, Edidit, Angelus Maius, 5 'vols, 4to, Romae, 1857. Montfaucons Antiquities, 8 vols, folio. Colliers Dictionary, 4 vols.
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