The military annals of Tennessee. Confederate. First series: embracing a review of military operations, with regimental histories and memorial rolls, V.2, Part 39

Author: Lindsley, John Berrien, 1822-1897. ed. cn
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Nashville, J. M. Lindsley & co.
Number of Pages: 964


USA > Tennessee > The military annals of Tennessee. Confederate. First series: embracing a review of military operations, with regimental histories and memorial rolls, V.2 > Part 39


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Official.]


HEAD-QUARTERS, LAMB'S FERRY, ALA., May 27, 1964.


Dear General: I am here raising a regiment under authority of the Secretary of War; also Capt. Carter, of Wheeler's scouts, with like authority. It is our pur- pose to tender you the command of the forces when organized. Capt. Carter re- sides in Rutherford county, Tenn., and is a warm friend of yours. We think you have been shamefully treated. I have scouts and recruiting detachments in Ten- nessee constantly. I get news from there every day or so. For the last three


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REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.


weeks there have been but few Federals in Middle Tennessee. At this time there are four hundred at Pulaski, three hundred at Columbia, one regiment at Shelby- ville, and about eight hundred men at Murfreesboro. Two thousand men could destroy the Tennessee and Alabama railroad without molestation. The people are trying to farm as much as possible, and will make a pretty poor crop. I wish you were here with a good command of cavalry to move into Tennessee. The Tennessee River is now fordable at the shoals above and below Lamb's Ferry. The Federals have a pretty strong force at Decatur-three or four thousand strong. General, write me all the news from Lee and Johnston.


Respectfully your obedient servant,


[Signed] G. H. NIXON, Colonel Twentieth Tennessee Cavalry.


NOTE .- This was found among the muster-rolls of the Nineteenth Cavalry, the only paper on file.


From Forrest's Campaigns. TWENTIETH TENNESSEE CAVALRY. (RUSSELL'S.)


FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.


R. M. Russell, Colonel; S. J. Ray, Assistant Quartermaster; J. B. Westbrook, Assistant Sur- geon; H. C. Grier, Lieutenant-colonel; T. C. McNeill, Surgeon; A. G. Hawkins, Lieutenant and Adjutant; H. F. Bowman, Major.


COMPANY OFFICERS.


Co. A: William Gay, Captain; J. H. Blakemore, First Lieutenant; J. N. Gay, Second Lieu- tenant; R. H. Goodman, Second Lieutenant.


Co. B: William H. Hawkins, Captain; N. W. McNeill, First Lieutenant; William H. Courts, Second Lieutenant ; M. B. Dinwiddie, Second Lieutenant.


Co. C: J. T. Mathis, Captain; J. P. Armstrong, First Lieutenant; N. S. Halliburton, Second Lieutenant.


Co. D: J. A. Shane, Captain; J. R. Dance, First Lieutenant; J. W. Herrin, Second Lieuten- ant; G. F. Nelson, Second Lieutenant.


Co. E: W. D. Hallam, Captain; J. A. Caster, First Lieutenant.


Co. F: J. C. Wilson, Captain ; J. A. Crutchfield, First Lieutenant.


Co. G: J. R. Hibbitt, Captain.


Co. H : J. R. Gardner, Captain; A. C. Miller, First Lieutenant; R. C. McLesky, Second Lieu- tenant; George Cathey, Second Lieutenant.


Co. I: W. H. Lawler, First Lieutenant.


Co. K : M. H. Freeman, First Lieutenant; A. J. Killebrew, Second Lieutenant ; T. J. Burton, Second Lieutenant.


TWENTY-FIRST TENNESSEE CAVALRY. BY ROBERT L. MORRIS, NASHVILLE, TENS.


THE last regiment, and probably the last body of any sort, organized from Ten- nessee recruits on the Confederate side was that of the Twenty-first Tennessee Cavalry-or "Carter's" regiment, as it was more generally known. It was com- posed largely of young men who had grown to manhood during the long four


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MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.


: years of war. In fact, many of them were still boys in years, but whom the rough and stormy times had schooled into the bravery and hardihood of men. They were enlisted inside of the enemy's lines, and though under his yoke, and taught by deserters and converted Unionists that the cause was hopeless, they neverthe- less burned to add their strength and valor to the cause of the Southern Confed- eracy; and in several instances they had actually to fight their way to the Confed- erate lines. The writer well remembers when a squad of eighteen men-the nucleus of Company F-all raw recruits except the Captain (Robert Withers), on their way to Kittikaskia Springs, the head-quarters of the regiment in the Ten- nessee Valley, were attacked by two companies of Brownlow's regiment, sent in pursuit from Franklin, Tenn. The squad was overtaken a few miles south of Lawrenceburg, on the old military road, when, taking to the woods, a running fight of miles was maintained; and the enemy were not shaken off until after about two hours of pursuit and an almost continuous fusilade-a precipitous bluff and creek, bordered on the other side by a more dense undergrowth, finally halting the pursuers.


Again, starting with another company of about thirty or more recruits for Com- pany F, they were attacked near Nolensville, Tenn., by a small scouting party of Federals. The assailants were handsomely routed, and three prisoners made, who were paroled and allowed to return to Nashville.


The history of recruiting for Company F was, no doubt, the general history of all other companies composing the regiment. The very horses, arms, and equip- ments of the members were generally captured from isolated squads of Federals traversing the country, our richest captures being made on the turnpikes lead- ing from Nashville and from wood-camps established to supply wood to the Gov- ernment, which were generally guarded by a few soldiers. One member of Com- pany F, a boy not more than fifteen or sixteen years of age, mounted the richly- caparisoned horse of a Federal officer left momentarily by his rider on the public square in the city of Nashville, and dashing past the pickets on the Lebanon turnpike, joined us the same day on the Stewart Ferry road. Another member (James Turner ), not much older, laid himself down in the weeds on the side of the Lebanon pike, and with a small self-cocking pistol as his only weapon, capt- ured a Federal cavalryman riding leisurely along reading a newspaper. Dis- mounting him, his horse, arms, and overcoat were generously appropriated on be- half of the Southern Confederacy.


But to return to a history of the regiment. Its origin was as follows: In the fall of 1862 Nathan W. Carter, of La Vergne, Tenn., raised a cavalry company in that vicinity, which was known as "Carter's Scouts." Their intimate knowledge . of the country, in which most of them were reared, enabled them to be of much benefit to the Confederate army before and during the battle of Murfreesboro; and the company and its Captain became great favorites with Gen. Joseph Wheeler. After serving with Gen. Wheeler for some time, taking part in his numerous en- gagements, raids, and retreats, the idea was conceived of organizing a regiment, whose principal duty was to be that of scouting and picketing for the Army of Tennessee, and their base of operations to be in the Tennessee Valley below De- eatur. Accordingly, in the spring of 1864 Capt. Carter, through the influence of Gen. Wheeler, obtained from Hon. J. A. Seddon, Secretary of War at Richmond, a commission as Colonel, with authority to recruit a regiment inside the enemy's


743


REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.


lines. With this object in view, Carter established a camp at Kittikaskia Springs, in the Tennessee Valley, a short distance below Courtland, Ala. About this time the enlistment of three years of members of the First Tennessee Infantry expired, and a few of them enlisted with Carter. Two of these (R. H. Dudley and Rob- ert Withers) were authorized by Carter to raise companies for his regiment. The services of others were likewise secured, and by the time Gen. Wheeler made his first raid into Tennessee, in the summer of 18644, a first-rate battalion was formed; and crossing Tennessee River at Bainbridge, to form a junction with Gen. Wheel- er, they struck the two companies of Brownlow's regiment mentioned above, about four miles from Florence, and whipped them, killing and capturing several of the enemy. In this engagement the raw recruits exhibited the steadiness of veter- ans, as Carter was taken very much at a disadvantage. None of the enemy were supposed to be near, and the command had just dismounted to feed their horses and cook their breakfast, when the pickets were run in, followed closely by the Federals. The command to mount and charge was quickly given, and the enemy were soon routed. Failing to reach Gen. Wheeler's command, Col. Carter re- turned to the Tennessee Valley and resumed camp again at Kittikaskia Springs. The several companies filled up pretty rapidly, and when Gen. Wheeler, in the month of August, approached the Tennessee River, followed by heary forces of the enemy, the Twenty-first was able to form a junction with him north of Law- renceburg with a still larger body of men, and returning with his command re- crossed the Tennessee River just below Florence, and again went into camp at Kittikaskia Springs. Here the time was spent in recruiting and scouting in Mid- dle Tennessee until Gen. Forrest started on his raid into Tennessee, in September, 1864. On the 21st of that month the regiment, under the command of Col. Car- ter, crossed the river at Bainbridge, with Roddey's command, and were joined the next day at Florence by Gen. Forrest's command, which had crossed at Colbert's Ferry.


At this time the regiment numbered about four hundred men. All of the com- panies had perfected their organizations, but the regimental field officers had not been selected further than N. W. Carter as Colonel, with a Commissary acting under appointment from him. In fact, the regimental organization was not fully perfected until while in camp at Shelbyville, Tenn., upon Gen. Hood's campaign into Tennessee, when Robert Withers was made Lieutenant-colonel; R. H. Dud- ley, Major; Robert Owen, Adjutant; and T. S. Leftwich, Commissary.


Gen. Forrest's line of march led by Athens, Ala., which was taken, with about fourteen hundred men, rank and file, and about four hundred others sent to reënforce them.


The morning of the 25th of September found Gen. Forrest, with his command, in front of "Sulphur Trestle," on the line of the Tennessee and Alabama rail- road. The trestle was a costly structure which spanned a deep ravine some four hundred feet across, and was sixty feet high. It was defended by a strong redoubt garnished with artillery and heavily garrisoned. There were also in the arrange- ments for its defense several block-houses. The redoubt, with faces of about three hundred feet in length, was constructed so as to command the trestle and all its approaches. It was furnished with two twelve-pound howitzers skillfully arranged to fire through embrasures, while about two hundred yards in advance on three sides was surrounded by rifle-pits. Rucker's brigade, led by Col. Kelley and sup-


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MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.


. ported by Col. Carter's regiment and a portion of Roddey's command, were dis- mounted and ordered to charge the rifle-pits and drive every thing within the fort. The charge was made across an open field, with every musket and the artil- lery of the enemy in full blaze. The fight was short, but very hot. The enemy soon sought shelter within the fort, but not until several valuable men of the Confederate force had been killed, and Col. Carter, gallantly leading his regiment, was badly wounded. For the gallantry of the Twenty-first in this charge they were publicly complimented by Gen. Forrest. With a favorable position gained by Forrest's artillery, aided by a lively fire from the riflemen, the redoubt soon wore the aspect of a slaughter-pen. Over two hundred Federal officers and men were slain, in- cluding Col. Lathrop, the commander. Gen. Forrest ordering a cessation of hos- tilities, the demand for a surrender was acceded to, eight hundred and twenty officers and men capitulating.


The Twenty-first Tennessee continued with Forrest's command in Middle Ten- nessee until he was forced by overpowering numbers to retire across Tennessee River. Early in October the regiment again went into camp in the Tennessee Val- ley at its old camping-ground, and continued to gather recruits. With the coming of Gen. Hood's army into the valley on its way into Tennessee, numerous acces- sions were made to the regiment by transfers from the infantry while encamped together at Tuscumbia, Ala. By the time a forward movement began the com- panies were pretty well filled, and the regiment numbered six or seven hundred meu. It will be remembered that at this period of the war few regiments num- bered so many. Col. Carter being still disabled by his wound, Robert Withers, Captain of Co. F, was selected to command the regiment in Carter's place, no regimental organization being yet perfected other than temporary appointments of Adjutant and Commissary, it being thought advisable to await the return of Col. Carter.


The Twenty-first crossed Tennessee River with Jackson's division of cavalry, to which it was attached; Gen. Forrest, upon his arrival, having been placed in com- mand of the entire cavalry force of Hood's army. The crossing was made about the 12th of October, 1864, and camp pitched that night several miles north of Florence, toward Lawrenceburg.


Shortly after the movement into Tennessee began, Col. Hill was ordered to the command of the regiment, and it was placed in the van-guard on the Lawrence- burg road. While waiting for the crossing of the infantry and artillery, the regi- ment was put forward several miles in advance as a protection for forage-trains. After proceeding leisurely for several miles, and coming to where the road forked, a counter-march was being executed, when the Federals suddenly appeared, and opened fire upon the regiment in this position. A momentary panic ensued, but order was quickly restored, and, falling back a few hundred yards, a line was formed and the attack of the enemy awaited, but no further demonstration was made.


About the 21st of November found the regiment, still in the van, encamped for the night within five miles of Lawrenceburg. Early next morning, about day- light, Capt. Withers, with a picked body of men, numbering about twenty-five, went forward to drive in the pickets and feel of the enemy in the town of Law- renceburg, as they were thought to be in considerable force there. The pickets were driven in, and the town found to be alive with the enemy, to the number of


745


REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.


four or five thousand, in command of Gen. Hatch. A courier was dispatched to Col. Hill with the information, and position was taken by Withers and his little command on a hill overlooking Lawrenceburg and across the road leading south. In a little while a pretty heavy skirmish line was put forward by the enemy, when, falling still farther back, a better position was obtained by Capt. Withers where the road led up a narrow valley. Word was here received from Col. Hill that Jackson's division was yet several miles in the rear; that he was fortifying with rails, and for him (Withers) to check the advance of the enemy if possible. It was soon discovered that the Federals were making a reconnoissance in force, as they approached in pretty solid column, with their flanks well extended. Wait- ing until they were well in the narrow valley and had begun the ascent of the hill, the command to charge was given, and, spurring their horses, the little band boldly struck the head of the column, and penetrated some distance into their lines. For a few minutes a desperate hand-to-hand fight ensued. Turning, the company made its way out with the loss of only one man, but nearly every horse was more or less badly wounded. Several of the Federals were slain. The Con- federate killed in this encounter was Mac Halfacre, of Co. F, recently transferred from the signal corps-a brave and gallant soldier. The attack was sufficient to check the advance of the enemy, and they retired to Lawrenceburg. With the appearance of Jackson his artillery was favorably stationed and fire opened on the town. In the afternoon, with the troops dismounted, an assault was made. The Twenty-first Tennessee and Twenty-eighth Mississippi, occupying the center of the line, bore the brunt of the engagement. So swiftly and hardly were the enemy pressed that their camp was taken and a good deal of valuable material and much-needed rations captured.


The Twenty-first Tennessee continued in the advance, with many hot skirmishes each day, until Duck River was crossed, when they were relieved. At the battle of Franklin the Twenty-first was upon the extreme right wing, and performed its share of that useless and bloody battle, losing several men. In this fight First Lieut. Dismukes, of Co. F, was badly wounded.


From Franklin the Twenty-first was sent with Jackson's and Buford's divisions to Murfreesboro, which place Gen. Rousseau held with a force of fully eight thou- sand men, while the Confederate force numbered only six thousand five hundred. In the sortie made by Rousseau the Twenty-first Tennessee, with the Eighth or Eleventh Texas, occupied an old line of rifle-pits overlooking a cotton-field over which the enemy must come. Word was passed along the line to hold the fire until the word of command was given by Capt. Witliers. The enemy was allowed to approach very close without a shot from the Twenty-first, when, leaping from his pit, Withers gave the command to fire, and a deadly volley was poured into the enemy, followed by another, and still another. They recoiled, and fell back in confusion. In this engagement the Texas regiment just to the right of the Twenty-first Tennessee began to desert their pits, but, finding that the Twenty-first stood manfully to their posts, they returned; nor was this part of the line broken that day, while Bate's division of infantry was badly discomfited and driven back. The reports of the Federal commanders showed that the reserved fire of the Twen- ty-first was remarkably effective. The Federal regiment facing them was more than decimated in a few minutes.


From Murfreesboro, while Hood was still investing Nashville, the Twenty-first


746


MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.


was ordered to Shelbyville, and while there the regimental organization was com- pleted, as before mentioned. The town was attacked by a battalion of Tennessee Federal troops, who were repulsed with a loss of two men killed and several pris- oners, and, being pursued, retired into the fortifications at Wartrace.


As Gen. Hood began to fall back the regiment was ordered to gather up beef- cattle and drive them toward the Tennessee River. Pursuant to this order, a large number of cattle was gathered in the counties of Bedford and Lincoln; but as much delay was experienced in gathering them up and driving them, Hood's army, which was rapidly falling back, soon passed south of the regiment. Cou- rier after courier had been dispatched, but none returned. Finding that the rezi- ment was cut off from a junction with Hood and intercepted upon all roads to the Tennessee River, the order to disperse was given, with instructions to cross the river and rendezvous at Iuka, Miss., after returning home and obtaining fresh horses and clothing. Only a portion of the regiment finally made their way out, but sufficient to form three full companies.


In the reorganization of Forrest's cavalry, in March, 1864, Nixon's Regiment, the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Twenty-first, were consolidated. These regiments, as thus consolidated, mustered an " aggregate present " of four hundred and thirty- seven. This regiment took part in the last campaign against Gen. Wilson, which culminated at Selma, Ala., and finally surrendered with Forrest at Gainesville, Ala., in May, 1864.


It is believed that there is no roster of the regiment extant, and these notes have been hastily prepared as the work goes to press. It is probable that a tol- erable roster of the several companies might have been made from the recollec- tion of the survivors, though by no means accurate and full, as more than twenty years have now passed since the close of that gigantic struggle between the North and the South.


The following is a roster of Co. F, of which the writer was a member, compiled from recollection, and not giving more than one-half of its true members:


OFFICERS.


Captain, Robert Withers.


First Lieutenant, Robert L. Morris.


Second Lieutenant, John L. Dismukes.


Lieutenant-colonelcy, R. L. Morris was made Captain, John L. Dismukes Fir-t Lieuten- ant, and Jones Baxter Second Lieutenant.]


[After the promotion of Robert Withers to the | Orderly Sergeant, Reuben Sattarens.


PRIVATES.


Stratton, Mosely T.


Walsh, Wm.


Walton, Ike


Holmes, Cage


Hedgepeth, Robert


Laiten, -


Boner, Henry


Laurent, Emile


Hurt, Milton


Laurent, Ed.


Hughley, Turner


Laurent, Eugene


Elam, James


Lawrence, Vaughn


Frazier, William


Page, Clay


Terry, Geo.


Castleman, Joseph


Perry, William


Clemens, F. M.


Smith, 'Tom


Clay, Wm.


Turner, James


Steele, Asbury


Dennison, John


Matlock, Button


Dennison, Thomas


Goodwin, Wm.


Roberta, Wm.


Goodwin, Ewing


Halfacre, Mac


747


REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.


[Of these, Mac Halfacre, Button Matlock, and Asbury Steele were killed; Eugene Laurent : Williams, Zach. was drowned crossing Hatchie River, in West Tennessee; and Elam died of fever in Ala- bama.]


CAPTAINS.


Carter, N. W., Co. A.


Ezell, James B., Co. B.


Vaughn, N. W., Co. C.


Dudley, Robt., Co. E. Withers, Robt., Co. F.


- Oliver, -, Co. G. Norton, -, Co. H. Hollowell, Thos., Co. I. Vanhouten, J. B., Co. K.


FOURTH BATTALION TENNESSEE CAVALRY.


Official.]


Lieutenant-colonel, B. M. Branner


COMPANY A.


Captain, Wm. F. Ragsdale.


Ellis, William O., d. 1862. Howard, Joseph, d. 1861. Soule, Rufus, d. 1862.


Ward, George W., d. 1861. Young, William, d. May 22, in Coffee county


COMPANY B. Captain, John R. Rowan.


Johnston, William H., d. at Crossville, Jan. 23, | Tate, John, d. Feb. 21, 1862. 1862.


Webb, Larkin, d. March 1, 1862.


Cunningham, John H., d. Feb. 8, 1862.


Hedgecock, James, d. Feb. 21, 1862.


Hix, Russell, d. Oct. 11, 1861.


Brown, Lieut. Wm. M., d. Dec. 16, 1801. Carter, Granville J., d. Sept. 21, 1861.


COMPANY C. Captain, Henry M. Ashby.


Gibson, James, d. Oct. 7, 1861.


Harbison, J. H. H., d. Oet. 8, 1861.


Hicks, C. W., d. Dec. 23, 1861, at Mill Springs, Ky.


Lay, Samson T., d. Nov. 8, 1861. Johnson, Russell C., k. at Fincastle, Tenn, April 18, 1862.


COMPANY D. Captain, Robert Simpson.


Carmack, C. E., d. Nov. 17, 1861.


Adam, William Dake, d. Jan. 26, 1862.


Saunders, R. J., d. Nov. 1861.


COMPANY E. Captain, F. M. Jackson.


Vaughn, A. M., d. Feb. 14, 1862. Rissel, J. M., d. Dec. 30, 1801.


Ulman, J. B., k. in action, Oct. 19, 1861. -


COMPANY F. Captain, George H. Finley.


Knight, Leroy, d. Aug. 15. Loyd, Thomas, d. Feb. 27, 1862.


Davis, Timothy, d. Aug. 31. Horn, James H., d. Sept. 4.


Williford, A., d. Sept. 2, 1861. Hale, William D., d. Ang. 27, 1861.


748


MILITARY ANNALS OF TENNESSEE.


FIFTH BATTALION TENNESSEE CAVALRY.


Official.]


Lieutenant-colonel, George K. Mcclellan.


COMPANY B. Captain, C. C. Spiller.


Shull, William, k. by the fall of a horse, Dec. | Bell, Pleasant, d. Sept. 11, 1861. 1,1861.


COMPANY C. Captain, Henry C. Gillespie.


Lindsey, Gentry, d.


| Hutchison, James, d.


COMPANY D. Captain, Henry K. Legg.


Anderson, Jesse, d. Sept. 22, 1861.


Sullivan, John J., d. April 21, 1862. -


Adams, Welbourne, d. Dec. 28, 1861.


Pridemore, James B., d. Feb. 12, 1862.


Dunham, H. S., d. Feb. 1, 1862. Levasey, Anderson, d. Feb. 5, 1862.


Forgy, J. A., d. Feb. 27, 1862.


COMPANY E. Captain, W. C. Holland.


Amburn, Bennett, d. Fogg, Isaac, d. Jan. 27, 1862.


Heartsill, N. A., k. accidentally, March 18, 1862.


Spradlin, Nathan, d. Feb. 2, 1862.


COMPANY F. Captains : C. H. Ingle and David McClellan.


Delaney, J. R. T., d. Sept. 24, 1861.


Culbert, Alexander, d. Sept. 12, 1861.


Moree, W. D., d. Oet. 3, 1861.


Mcclellan, Capt. David, d. at Corinth, Miss., April 25, 1862.


Cole, J. O., d. at Chattanooga, Tenn., March 10, 1862. Erwin, T. F., d. at Decatur, Ala., May 14, 1862.


Foust, G. W., d. at Corinth, Miss., April 1, 1862. Godsey, W. H., d. in Sullivan county, Tenn., June 16, 1862. Veach, Joseph, d. in Sullivan county, Tenn., Feb. 15, 1862. Gross, Nathaniel, d. at Decatur, Ala., April 5, 1862.


NINTH BATTALION TENNESSEE CAVALRY. BY H. CLAY MACK, MCKINNEY, TEXAS.


THE Ninth Battalion Tennessee Confederate Cavalry, composed of volunteers, good and true men, was organized at "Camp Maury," near Nashville, in Decem- ber, 1861, and was composed of six full companies, three companies of which (A, B, and E) were from Maury county, two companies (C and D) from Hick- man, and one company (F) from Wayne. The following constituted the original roll of field and staff officers:


George Gantt, Lieutenant-colonel; B. W. Porter, Major; Hunter Nicholson, Adjutant: B. M. Hatcher, Quartermaster; G. W. Mayberry, Commissary; Rev. N. W. Motheral, Chaplain; Dr. Joe E. Dixon, Surgeon; Wm. Akin, Quarter- master Sergeant; T. Jones, Commissary Sergeant.


The different companies were officered as follows:


Co. A: J. N. Walker, Captain; E. N. H. Foster, First Lieutenant; Frank J. McLean, Second Lieutenant; Joe A. Irvine, Junior Second Lieutenant.


749


REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND MEMORIAL ROLLS.


Co. B: R. N. Moore, Captain; T. L. Porter, First Lieutenant; J. B. Galloway, Second Lieutenant; W. H. MeFall, Junior Second Lieutenant.




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