USA > Utah > Salt Lake County > Salt Lake > History of Salt Lake City > Part 62
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"Sir, I have done with you-make what representations of the matter you may think proper, you will not succeed in misleading the discriminating people either of this Territory or of the country generally by any amount of verbiage you may choose to employ.
" Respectfully, etc.,
" J. P. NEWMAN."
DOCTOR NEWMAN'S CHALLENGE TO PRESIDENT YOUNG.
SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 9, 1870.
" To Mr. Brigham Young :
" SIR-In view of the enclosed communication, received from several citi- zens of this place, asking whether I am ready now and here to debate the ques- tion ' Does the Bible saction Polygamy?' with you, as the chief of the Church of Latter-day Saints, and in view of the defiant tone of your Church journals of
HISTORY OF SALT LAKE CITY.
last evening and this morning ; and in view of the fact that I have been here now four days waiting to have you inforin me of your willingness to meet me in public discussion on the above question, but having received no such intimation up to this time of writing, therefore, I do here and now challenge you to meet me in personal and public debate, on the aforesaid question. I respectfully sug. gest that you appoint two gentlemen to meet Rev. Dr. Sunderland and Dr. J. P. Taggart, who represent me, to make all necessary arrangements for the discussion. " Be kind enough to favor me with an immediate reply.
" Respectfully,
" J. P. NEWMAN.
" Residence of Rev. Mr. Pierce."
CITIZENS TO DOCTOR NEWMAN. "SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 9, 1870. "Rev. J. P. Newman :
" DEAR SIR-Pardon the liberty which we the undersigned citizens of this place hereby take in addressing you in reference to the object of your present visit. Having seen in the News of last evening and in the Herald of this morning, an attempt to make the impression upon the public that you are, after all, unwilling to debate the question 'Does the Bible sanction Polygamy ?' with Brigham Young, as the chief of the Church of Latter-day Saints, and to debate it now and here, we desire to know from you directly whether such is the fact and we would respectfully request a reply, that we may be able to set the matter in its true light by publishing the whole correspondence, as we will seek to do, in an extra of the Tribune to be issued at the earliest possible moment.
" Very respectfully, " JNO. P. TAGGART, " J. H. WICKIZER, " GEO. R. MAXWELL, "G. B. OVERTON, " J. F. WOODMAN."
DOCTOR NEWMAN TO CITIZENS.
" SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 9, 1870. " To Messrs. J. P. Taggart and others :
"GENTLEMEN-In reply to yours of this date, requesting to know if I am willing to hold a debate here and now, on the question 'Does the Bible Sanction Polygamy?' with Mr. Brigham Young, as the chief of the Mormon Church, I have to state that this was the express purpose for which I came here, as appears from my first note to him. The correspondence between him and myself has, however, developed, on his part, such a line of conduct that I had fully determined to have nothing more to do with him. But as I came here in full faith to debate the question with him, regarding myself as the challenged party, and as he endeavors to escape by a denial that he has ever challenged me, I will put the matter now beyond dispute by sending him a challenge.
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" It shall be done immediately, and a copy of the same shall be furnished for the extra of which you speak.
"Very Respectfully, etc., "J. P. NEWMAN."
PRESIDENT YOUNG ACCEPTS THE CHALLENGE.
" SALT LAKE CITY, 9 August, 1870. ."Rev. J. P. Newman :
"SIR-Your communication of to-day's date, with accompanying enclosure, was handed to me a few minutes since by Mr. Black.
" In reply, I will say that I accept the challenge to debate the question, ' Does the Bible sanction Polygamy ? ' Professor Orson Pratt or Hon. John Tay- lor acting for me as my representative, and in my stead in the discussion. I will furnish the place of holding the meetings, and appoint two men to meet Messrs. Sunderland and Taggart, to whom you refer as your representatives, to make the necessary arrangements.
"I wish the discussion to be conducted in a mild, peaceable, quiet spirit, that the people may receive light and intelligence and all be benefitted ; and then let the congregation decide for themselves.
" Respectfully, " BRIGHAM YOUNG."
PRESIDENT YOUNG TO DOCTOR NEWMAN.
" CITY, Aug. 9, 1870.
" Rev. J. P. Newman :
" SIR-I have appointed Messrs. A. Carrington and Jos. W. Young to meet with Messrs. Sunderland and Taggart, to arrange preliminaries for the discussion.
" Respectfully, " BRIGHAM YOUNG."
DOCTOR NEWMAN TO PRESIDENT YOUNG. " SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 9, 1870.
" To Mr. Brigham Young :
" SIR-I challenged you to a discussion and not Orson Pratt or John Taylor. You have declined to debate personally with me. Let the public distinctly un- derstand this fact, whatever may have been your reasons for so declining. Here I think I might reasonably rest the case. However, if Orson Pratt is prepared to take the affirmative of the question, 'Does the Bible sanction Polygamy?' I am prepared to take the negative, and Messrs. Sunderland and Taggart will meet Messrs. Carrington and Young to-night at eight o'clock at the office of Mr. Tag- gart, to make the necessary arrangements.
Respectfully, etc., "J. P. NEWMAN." PRESIDENT YOUNG TO DOCTOR NEWMAN, "SALT LAKE CITY, U. T., Aug., 10, 1870. " Rev. Dr. J. P. Newman :
" SIR -- I am informed by Messrs. Carrington and Young that at their meet-
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ing last evening with Drs. Sunderland and Taggart they were unable to come to a decision with regard to the wording of the subject of debate.
" Bearing in mind the following facts : Firstly-That you are the challenging party. Secondly-That in a sermon delivered by you in the city of Washington, before President Grant and his Cabinet, members of Congress and many other prominent gentlemen, you assumed to prove that God's law condemns the union in marriage of more than two persons, it certainly seems strange that your repre- sentatives should persistently refuse to have any other question discussed than the one ' Does the Bible sanction Polygamy ?' It appears to the representatives of Mr. Pratt that if Dr. Newman could undertake to prove in Washington that ' God's law condemns the union in marriage of more than two persons,' he ought not to refuse to make the same affirmation in Salt Lake City. Mr. Pratt, I dis- cover, entertains the same opinion, but rather than permit the discussion to fall, he will not press for your original proposition, but will accept the question as you now state it, ' Does the Bible sanction Polygamy.'
" I sincerely trust that none of the gentlemen forming the committee will encumber the discussion with unnecessary regulations, which will be irksome to both parties and unproductive of good, and that no obstacles will be thrown in the way of having a free and fair discussion.
" Respectfully, " BRIGHAM YOUNG."
CONDITIONS OF THE DEBATE.
I. The question to be discussed is, " Does the Bible sanction Polygamy ? " Prof. Pratt to take the affirmative and Dr. Newman the negative.
2. The Bible, in the original and English tongues, shall be the only stand- ard of authority in this debate, the disputants, however, being free to quote front any other works or sources of information.
3 . The place for holding the discussion shall be the New Tabernacle.
4. There shall be three sessions on three successive days, each session to continue two hours-that is, giving cach disputant one full hour at every session, the affirmative to have the first hour and the negative to have the last hour. The first session to be held on Friday, August 12th, 1870, at two o'clock P. M., and the second and third sessions at the same hour successively, on Saturday and Sun- day, the 13th and 14th of the present month.
5. There shall be three umpires, one to be chosen by Prof. Pratt, one by Dr. Newman, and a third by these two, and the three shall unitedly preside at the discussion, preserve its dignity and decorum and enforce the usual rules which govern parliamentary debate.
6. No manifestation of dissent or approval shall be permitted during the progress of the discussion, nor shall either disputant be interrupted by the other while speaking, for any cause whatever. Corrections of statements or misunder- standing shall be made in the body of the subsequent reply.
7. Each disputant to have his own reporters and one other assistant in the labors of the debate; but such assistant shall take no part in the speaking.
8. The Tabernacle and necessary attendance to be furnished free of charge, and children under eight years of age not to be admitted.
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9. At the close of the debate no formal decision to be taken.
Io. Each session to be opened and closed by prayer under the direction of the speakers.
II. In preparing an account of the discussion for the press, each side shall be at liberty to chose his own organs and publish his own report, but no pub- lished report shall be accepted as correct unless subjected to the inspection of the respective parties and countersigned by the umpires.
Prof. Pratt, on his part, chose Judge Z. Snow as umpire, and Dr. Newman selected Judge C. M. Hawley.
The grand discussion duly came off in the great tabernacle in the presence of thousands. Each day's apostolic fight was glorified with a verbatim report in the New York Herald, and every leading paper in the country devoted its col- umns to a daily synopsis of the arguments. Never before, in the whole Christian era, had polygamy been so elaborately and ably discussed between two divines, and certainly never was a religious debate so extensively published and read. Millions of readers followed the arguments of Dr. Newman and Orson Pratt, and it is safe to estimate that quite two-thirds of them yielded the palm to the Mor- mon apostle and were convinced, though against their inclination, that upon strict Biblical grounds Mormon polygamy could not be successfully met.
CHAPTER LIII.
PRESIDENT GRANT BENT ON THE CONQUEST OF MORMON THEOCRACY. HE APPOINTS SHAFFER GOVERNOR FOR THAT PURPOSE. ARRIVAL OF THE WAR GOVERNOR. COUNCILS. PREPARATIONS FOR CONFLICT WITH THE UTAH MILITIA. GENERAL PHIL. SHERIDAN SENT OUT TO VIEW THE SITUATION. HE IS INTERESTED IN THE MORMONS AND TEMPERS THE WAR POLICY WITH A " MORAL FORCE." SHAFFER'S MILITARY COUP DE MAIN. GENERAL WELLS AVOIDS A COLLISION. CORRESPONDENCE BE- TWEEN THE LIEUT .- GENERAL AND THE GOVERNOR.
The design of President Grant to overthrow Mormon rule in Utah was de -. veloped through various methods of action. But first came his war policy, which at one time meant the absolute conquest of " Mormon Theocracy " by military force, or at least by military rule. This is what was signified by the appointment of a " War Governor," in the person of J. Wilson Shaffer.
In 1868, General Rawlins, then Secretary of War, visited Utah. The South was in process of reconstruction, and the Secretary thought that Utah needed re- construction quite as much as the South. Casting his eye over the list of his old war comrades to find the man most fit for the work, he determined to select Gen-
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eral Shaffer. Rawlings committed to President Grant his "dying charge," to appoint " Wils" Shaffer of Illinois, Governor of Utah, to conquer Brigham Young. After the death of the Secretary, on the resignation of Governor Durkee. the appointment was duly made. Surprised at the event, and knowing that the choice of himself, at that critical juncture of Utah affairs, was not due to political management, Shaffer hastened to Washington to "inquire" of the President. It was then that the new Governor learned from the lips of President Grant that he owed his appointment to the dead Secretary of War, and was informed of the grand purpose for which he had been chosen. This is Governor Shaffer's own statement.
Shaffer knew that he himself was gradually dying- that a few short months must close his mortal career. But he was assigned to a post of honor. He ac. cepted the appointment as a trust extraordinary from the President of the United States, and as a legacy left to him by his dead patron and comrade. He under took the " mission " with the " vow" to execute it before his death. He would make himself Governor of Utah, to all intents and purposes, if he had to do it by the sword.
" Never after me," said he, " by -! shali it be said that Brigham Young is Governor of Utah ! "
Governor Shaffer arrived in Utah in the latter end of March, 1870.
On his arrival in Salt Lake City, Governor Shaffer was under deep chagrin concerning the passage of the Utah Female Suffrage bill. While at Washington he had personally charged Delegate Hooper and Hon. Tom Fitch, the member from Nevada, with betraying both himself and the Government in the signing of that bill by acting-Governor Mann. Shaffer was Governor of Utah at the time. On the receipt of the telegrape news in Washington, that the Utah Legislature had passed the woman's suffrage bill, Governor Shaffer hastened to the rooms of Delegate Hooper, calling his attention to the news, declared that the bill must be vetoed and that he should immediately telegraph to the acting-Governor to veto it; but Hooper treated the news as a hoax, being too much of a politician to defeat the very bill of which he considered himself the father. The intended telegram of the Governor was not sent ; a few hours afterwards the bill was approved ; and Secretary Mann lost his official head in consequence.
From that moment it was resolved that not a Federal officer should remain in Utah who could not be trusted to execute the programme of the Government to its last letter. Secretary Mann was removed and succeeded by Vernon H. Vaughn; and Chief Justice Wilson was removed, and he was succeeded by James B. McKean. There were now in the Utah administration Governor Shaf- ter, Chief Justice McKean, General Maxwell, O. J. Hollister, brother-in-law of Vice-President Colfax, Judges Hawley and Strickland, U. S. Marshal Orr, U. S. District Attorney Charles H. Hempstead ; Chief Justice Mckean, however, had not yet arrived in Utah, although he figured in the administrative design.
On the arrival of our " war Governor," just after the passage of the Cullom bill, and the mass meetings of protest held by the Mormons in this city, the very air was charged with the elements of war. But, after consulting with his Federal compeers, Governor Shaffer sought counsel also of Mr. Godbe and his friends. Eli B. Kelsey was the first who had contact with him.
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It was at war heat that Elder Kelsey found him at their first interview. " By G-d Brigham Young shall no longer be Governor of Utah," was fresh in his mouth ; but he sat down with Elder Kelsey and entered into a warm discussion of the Mormon problem, Kelsey taking the Mormon side even to polygamy. The elder explained to the Governor the painful situation of the people in any view of the case if a crusade were prosecuted against them, and how certainly the Nation was about to crucify the Mormon women afresh unless the Government was con- siderate and just toward them.
"Governor," said Elder Kelsey, 'I will present my own family case. It is that of tens of thousands in their family relations. My wives entered into mar- riage relations with me with the purest motives, and from a conscientious religious conviction. They have children by me. Before I will forsake my wives and bastardize my children, I will fight the United States down to my boots ! Gover- nor Shaffer, put yourself in my place : What would you do ?"
Thus brought face to face with the vital family question of an entire people, and boldly challenged for his personal answer, Shaffer was at once put upon his honor and manhood. The very difficulty, and the directness of the challenge, provoked him to strong feeling. He paced his room several times before he an- swered and then it came with an emphasis.
" By G-d, Mr. Kelsey, were I in your place I would do the same !"
And this is substantially what the manliest men of the Nation everywhere say to the Mormon people-say it in their silence and forbearance, as much as in their words and actions. After all this fuss over polygamy, America would not like to see the Mormon people dishonor themselves and betray their wives and children.
From that time, General Shaffer modified his desire for a war crusade against the polygamic people. His resolve thereafter was simply (to use his own words) to make himself " the Governor of Utah in fact and the commander-in-chief of the militia." Hence he directed all the action of his remaining life against Lieut - General D. H. Wells, which amounted to nothing more serious than the disband- ing of the Utah militia.
Soon after this, President Grant sent General Phil Sheridan to Utah to judge of the situation and to establish another military post.
"'Thereupon, a council was called at Shaffer's room, at which were assembled the Governor, General Sheridan and staff, certain other Federal officers and W. S. Godbe and several of his compeers; and then General Sheridan, with his sim- ple directness, observed : " The President has charged me to do nothing without consulting Mr. Godbe and his friends." The Reformers thus honored with the confidence of the Government, then urged the following views :
That military force was not necessary to solve the Utah problem; that all which was needed was sufficient troops in the Territory to act as a "moral force" upon the public mind, convincing the Mormons that the Government intended to carry out ics policy ; that as more troops were designed for Utah, Provo would be the best place to station them ; that these military movements should show no de- sign to intimidate the Mormons, but simply assert the National authority by their presence.
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General Sheridan said this advice coincided with his own views and those of President Grant ; and he gave positive assurance that troops in Utah should only be used as a " moral force."
The post was duly established at Provo, and President Grant so far modified the original policy, projected by Vice-President Colfax, of forcing a rupture with the Mormon leaders. Moreover General Sheridan on his visit was greatly and favorably impressed towards the Mormon people. Speaking of it Stenhouse says :
" Lieutenant-General Sheridan visited Utah, and made himself acquainted with the actual situation of affairs. This distinguished soldier expressed the kindliest sentiments for the people, admired the work they had accomplished, and hoped that nothing would occur to disturb them in the peaceful possessions of their homes. His visit was at the finest season of the year, and he was truly charmed with the appearance of the city. Troops, whenever wanted, would how- ever, be forthcoming, not as a menace to the community, but that at their camp the oppressed might find beneath the stars and stripes the protection of the Govern- ment. Governor Shaffer is dead ; he cannot answer his traducers; but these were his sentiments, and almost his words to the author as well as the words of the great cavalry-soldier of the Republic."
But Governor Shaffer was resolved not to die before he had executed some military coup de main against Mormondom. The annual muster of the Territorial militia gave him the opportunity. Here is the call for the muster, followed by proclamations and correspondence between the Governor and the Lieut .- General. They tell their own story.
THE LIEUT .- GENERAL'S ORDER.
"ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, U. 'T., "SALT LAKE CITY, Aug. 16th, 1870. "General Orders, No. 1.
" No. 1 .- Major-General Robert T. Burton, commanding Ist Division Nauvoo Legion, Salt Lake Military District, will cause to be held a general mus- ter, for three days, of all the forces within said district, for the purposes of drill, inspection and camp duty.
" No. 2 .- The commandants of Utah, Juab, Sanpete, Parowan, Richland, Tooele, Summit and Wasatch military districts, will cause to be held a similar mus- ter, not to exceed three days, of the forces in their respective districts, to be held not later than the ist day of November. Said commandants will cause suitable notice to be given of time and place of muster, and all persons liable to military duty to be enrolled and notined.
" No. 3 .- Bands of music may be organized, and musicians required to per- form duty as per General Order No. 2.
" No. 4. - It is with deep regret that we announce to the Legion the death of Brigadier-General C. W. West, commandant of Weber military district.
" No. 5 .- At the muster of the forces of Cache military district, there will be elected a brigadier-general, who will take command of said district.
" No. 6 .- District commandants will cause all vacancies to be filled in their respective districts ; they will have a rigid inspection of arms and equipments, and make full and complete returns to this office, on or before the fifteenth day of
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November. They are also enjoined to enforce good order and sobriety, and to take every precaution to avert the occurrence of accident from any cause whatever during the muster.
By order of "LIEUT .- GEN. DANIEL H. WELLS, " Commanding Nauvoo Legion. " H. B. CLAWSON.
"Adjutant- General, U. T."
GOVERNOR SHAFFER'S PROCLAMATION-1.
" EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, " September 15th, 1870.
" Know ye, that I, J. Wilson Shaffer, Governor of the Territory of Utah, and commander-in-chief of the militia of said Territory, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the laws of the United States, have this day, ap- pointed and commissioned P. E. Connor, major-general of the militia of Utah Territory ; and W. M. Johns, colonel and assistant adjutant-general of the militia of the Territory. Now, it is ordered that they be obeyed and respected ac- cordingly.
" Witness my hand and the great seal of said Territory, at Salt Lake
[SEAL. ] City, this the 15th day of September, A. D. 1870. " J. W. SHAFFER, " Governor. "Attest : VERNON H. VAUGHN,
" Secretary of Utah Territory." GOVERNOR SHAFFER'S PROCLAMATION-2.
" EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, " September 15, 1870.
" Know ye, that I, J. Wilson Shaffer, Governor of the Territory of Utah, and commander-in-chief of the military of the Territory of Utah, do hereby forbid and prohibit all musters, drills or gatherings of militia of the Territory of Utah, and all gatherings of any nature, kind or description of armed persons within the Territory of Utah, except by my orders, or by the orders of the United States marshal, should he need a posse commitatus to execute any order of the court, and not otherwise. And it is hereby further ordered that all arms or munitions of war belonging to either the United States or the Territory of Utah, within said Territory, now in the possession of the Utah Militia, be immediately delivered by the parties having the same in their possession to Col. Wm. M. Johns, assistant adjutant-general ; and it is further ordered that, should the United States marshal need a posse commitatus, to enforce any order of the courts, or to preserve order, he is hereby authorized and empowered to make a requisition upon Major-General P. E. Connor for such posse commitatus or armed force ; and Major-General P. E. Connor is hereby authorized to order out the militia, or any part thereof, as of my order for said purposes and no other.
" Witness my hand and the great seal of said Territory, at Salt Lake [SEAL.] City, this the 15th day of September, 1870.
" J. W. SHAFFER, " Governor.
"Attest : VERNON H. VAUGHN,
" Secretary of Utah Territory."
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THE LIEUT .- GENERAL'S REPLY TO THE GOVERNOR.
"ADJT. - GENERAL'S OFFICE, U. T., SALT LAKE CITY, "October 20, 1870.
" His Excellency J. W. Shaffer, Governor, and Commander in-chief of the militia of Utah Territory :
SIR :- Whereas, a proclamation has been published, emanating from your Ex- cellency, in which the holding of the regular musters in this Territory is prohib- ited, except by your order ; and
" Whereas, to stop the musters now, neither the terms of the proclamation, the laws of the Territory, nor the laws of Congress requiring reports of the force and conditon of the militia of the Territory could be complied with ; we, there- fore, the undersigned, for and'in behalf of the militia of said Territory, respect- fully ask your Excellency to suspend the operation of said proclamation until the 20th day of November next, in order that we may be enabled to make full and complete returns of the militia as aforesaid.
DANIEL H. WELLS,
Lieut .- Gen. Com'g Militia, U. T.
" H. B. CLAWSON, " Adjt .- Gen. Militia, U. 1."
THE GOVERNOR'S FIAT.
"EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, UTAH TERRITORY, " SALT LAKE CITY, October 27, 1870. "Daniel H. Wells, Esq. :
" I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday, in which you sign yourself 'Lieutenant-General commanding the militia of Utah Territory.' As the laws of the United States provide for but one Lieutenant-General, and as the incumbent of that office is the distinguished Philip H. Sheridan, I shall certainly be pardoned for recognizing no other.
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