USA > Utah > History of Utah > Part 66
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The advent of Johnston's army proved both a benefit and a detriment to Utah. The founding of Camp Floyd furnished a market for the products of farm, ranch and dairy, and the opportunity to
* President Buchanan in his message to Congress, December, 1858, says: "1 cannot refrain from mentioning the valuable services of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, who, from motives of pure benevolence, and without any official character or pecuniary compensation, visited Utah during the last inclement winter for the purpose of con- tributing to the pacification of the Territory."
721
HISTORY OF UTAH.
profit by the presence of the troops was not lost sight of by the settlers in their vicinity. The merchants were naturally among the first to recognize and take advantage of the commercial chance thus afforded, and more than one contractor and middleman had good reason, from a worldly standpoint, to bless and not curse the coming of the army. In fact the community at large was greatly benefitted in a temporal way. Owing to the suspension of travel across the plains and the consequent breaking up of local business houses at the time of "the war," the people were destitute of many comforts which now, through trade with Camp Floyd, began to be re-supplied .* In exchange for flour, grain, beef, butter, eggs, poultry and dried fruits, the citizens obtained cash, clothing, tea, coffee, sugar and other necessaries. When Camp Floyd was evacuated, the government property, such as was not destroyed, was sold out at great sacrifice. Several Utah merchants there "made their start," and in a few years became very wealthy. Thus was the advent of the army of great material benefit to the Territory.
On the other hand evils were introduced into the community which, until then, it had never known. These, however, were more traceable to the crowds of camp-followers-those usual hangers-on to the skirts of an invading army-that came with the troops, than to the soldiers themselves. They were truly the off-scourings of civilization; thieves, gamblers and desperadoes of the worst type. Contact with such characters could not but have a debasing effect upon the morals of the people, especially the youth, some of whom became in time almost as bad and reckless as those whose evil examples they unhappily followed. Hitherto it had been the boast that Utah was almost entirely free from the vices which prevailed elsewhere. There was little if any drunkenness, no gambling, no
* During the troubles of 1857 the Mormon forces were instructed not to interfere with trains of merchandise belonging to Gentile or other business men in Utah. General Johnston, however, would not permit them to pass his lines, and detained them east of the Wasatch Mountains all winter. The result was a general breaking up of local merchants and consequent privations among the people.
722
HISTORY OF UTAH.
prostitution,-in short, none of the social evils which seem to be a concomitant of modern civilization, and are held by some sophists to be essential to the welfare of the communities they invariably corrupt and destroy. In those days it was said, and with perfect truth, that an unprotected woman might traverse the Territory from one end to another without being molested, without hearing an obscene word or witnessing an insulting gesture. But with the coming of the troops, or the camp-followers, this happy condition began to change, and before long it could with equal propriety be affirmed :
Where rose aloft the voice of reverent prayer, The horrid oath now rent the midnight air ; O'er streets deserted ere the darkening night, The glare of sin sent forth its baleful light ; The grog-shop, held aloft from arm of law,
Poured forth its poison with defiant maw ; O'er walks where virtue long had wandered free,
Staggered the drunkard, lurked the debauchee ; With watchful eye the gambler lay in wait To lure his victim with a gilded bait, While pimp and harlot ply their artful game To drag our youth to dens of death and shame .*
Murders also became frequent. Now and then it was a peaceable and respectable citizen who fell a victim to the knife or bullet of the drunken desperado or midnight thief and assassin. Generally, how- ever, it was the drunkards and desperadoes who slew each other, in which event " good riddance " was the common expression of public sentiment.
Among the homicides that occurred soon after the founding of Camp Floyd were the following: The shooting of Policeman William Cooke, in October, 1858, by a ruffian named McDonald, who succeeded in escaping; the killing of Sergeant Ralph Pike by Howard Spencer, in retaliation for an assault committed some time before. Pike had
* The Indians in the vicinity of Camp Floyd became very corrupt. Some of the tribes, notably the Goshutes and Sanpitches, through disease and drunkenness were almost destroyed.
723
HISTORY OF UTAH.
cracked Spencer's skull with a musket, and brought him nigh to death's door. He barely recovered, but when he did, sought out his assailant and shot him dead. This tragedy occurred August 11th, 1859. Howard Spencer was a Mormon, and Sergeant Pike an officer from Camp Floyd. By many, Spencer, at the time of the shooting, was considered insane, made so by the terrible blow he had received from the Sergeant's musket. In fact this was the ground upon which he was acquitted when tried for murder many years later .* Another murder was that of Alexander Carpenter by Thomas H. Ferguson, which has already been mentioned. All three killings occurred at Salt Lake City. Another notable homicide that took place there about the same time was the shooting of Messrs. Brewer and Johnson. This twain were gamblers and desperadoes. They were shot, it is said, at the same instant, while walking home one night together. Who their slayer or slayers were was never known. Other murders occurred in various parts of Utah during this time of terror.
An interesting event of the summer of 1859 was the visit to our Territory of Horace Greeley, founder and editor of the New York Tribune. The great journalist was on his way to the Pacific coast, having taken his own advice and "come west," not to "grow up with the country," but to see what growth the western country had attained. He reached Salt Lake City on Sunday evening, July 10th, by overland mail stage from the frontier. On the evening of Satur- day, the 16th, a reception and supper were given in his honor,-the former at the Council House, the latter at the Globe Restaurant,-by the Deseret Typographical and Press Association. Speeches were made by Mr. Greeley and by Messrs. Orson Hyde, John Taylor, Gilbert Clements and John Banks. Ballo's brass band and Foster
*The assault upon Spencer by Pike occurred in Rush Valley, March 22, 1859. It was both brutal and unprovoked. Pike, attended by a military escort, had come to Salt Lake City to answer before the District Court to an indictment for the assault, when Spencer, entirely alone, walked up to him on East Temple Street, inquired his name and shot him in the presence of three of his comrades. Spencer then fled, and though hotly pursued, escaped.
724
HISTORY OF UTAH.
and Olsen's serenade band discoursed delightful music on the occa- sion, and a poem composed by John Lyon, entitled "Welcome to Greeley," was read by James McKnight. Mr. Greeley's address to the printers occupied about half an hour. In his plain and peculiar style he referred to the progress the world had made during his recollection ; remarked how extraordinary had been the increase of facilities for the spread of knowledge through the press and by means of the electric telegraph, and stated that he looked forward to a day when still greater improvements would be made-when the daily newspaper, printed from continuous rolls, cut and folded by steam, would be thrown off ready for distribution at a rate far exceeding that of the rapid eight and ten cylinder presses then in use; and when the telegraph would connect, through one grand electric cur- rent, continent with continent and island with island, till every corner of the earth should be illumined with telegraphic communica- tion. Of course Mr. Greeley, during his stay, did not omit calling on President Young, with whom he had several long and interesting interviews.
In addition to the Deseret News, the pioneer journal, Utah had at this time a paper called the Valley Tan. It was the first Gentile print published in the Territory, and lent vigorous influence to the Federal Judges and General Johnston in their antagonism to the Mormon leaders and to Governor Cumming. The first number of the Valley Tan-a four-page weekly-was published November 5th, 1858. It was edited by Kirk Anderson, at Salt Lake City, though it originated at Camp Floyd. The next paper established was The Mountaineer, which made its appearance on the 27th of August, 1859. Its editors and proprietors were James Ferguson, Seth M. Blair and Hosea Stout. It was an ably conducted journal and opposed the Valley Tan.
On August 1st of this year recurred the biennial election of delegate to Congress. Dr. John M. Bernhisel had represented Utah in that capacity since the organization of the Territory. He now retired and Hon. William H. Hooper was chosen delegate.
725
HISTORY OF UTAH.
The "Pony Express," to carry dispatches between the Missouri River and the Pacific coast, was inaugurated in the spring of 1860. The first express from the west reached Salt Lake City on the 7th of April, having left Sacramento on the night of the 3rd. The first from the east, which left St. Joseph, Missouri, on the evening of April 3rd, arrived here on the evening of the 9th. This brought Utah within six days' communication with the frontier, and within seven days of the nation's capital; a result which our citizens, who were then accustomed to receiving news three months after date, duly appreciated. Said the Deseret News: "Although a telegraph is very desirable, we feel well satisfied with this achievement for the present."
The first dispatches dropped by the Pony Express at Salt Lake City contained the news of the intended introduction in the United States Senate of "a bill amendatory of the act organizing the Terri- tory of Utah." This bill, it was said, proposed that the seat of government be removed from Salt Lake City to Carson Valley, and that the name of the Territory be changed from Utah to Nevada. According to the Washington correspondent of the St. Louis Republican, the Committee on Territories, who were expected to report the bill, hoped by this policy to pass the political power of the Territory from Salt Lake to Carson Valley-from the hands of the Mormons to those of the Gentiles. The removal of the seat of government to Carson Valley, in connection with the rich mines lately discovered there, it was thought would attract a large Gentile population to that locality. This, however, was the last that was heard of the bill for an act to obliterate Utah.
Other news of a still more stirring nature was brought by the Pony Express. The air was now filled with rumors of war. Events in the east had been hastening to a crisis; the plot for secession had ripened and borne fruit, and the great internecine struggle that was to temporarily split the nation and shake the whole earth with its thunder, was just about to begin. The direct result upon Utah of the opening of the conflict was the withdrawal of the Federal troops from the Territory.
726
HISTORY OF UTAH.
As early as March, 1860, General Johnston had left Camp Floyd for Washington, D. C. He had never visited Salt Lake City since passing through it with the army in June, 1858. Consequently he and Brigham Young never met. After his departure, Colonel Philip St. George Cooke became the post com- mander. By his order, early in February, 1861, Camp Floyd changed its name to Fort Crittenden. Secretary Floyd, for whom the post was originally named, had fallen from his allegiance and was now considered a traitor to his country. In May, 1860, most of the troops at Camp Floyd had left, pursuant to orders, for Arizona and New Mexico, and in July, 1861, the residue took up their march for the east, to participate in the war for the Union.
Prior to the abandonment of Camp Floyd vast stores of provisions and army supplies of all kinds were offered for sale by the military authorities and purchased by local merchants and other citizens. The sacrifice in price was enormous, and many far-sighted buyers made their fortunes. It is estimated that four million dollars worth of goods were disposed of for $100,000. This did not include arms and ammunition, great quantites of which, instead of being transported back to the States, were destroyed. Among the heaviest purchasers was President Brigham Young, whose agent and business manager, Colonel H. B. Clawson, visited the Fort for that purpose. Walker Brothers also bought extensively, as did other Utah merchants.
Some of the more prominent officers accepted an invitation from Colonel Clawson, who was President Young's son-in-law, to visit the ex-Governor prior to their departure from the Territory. Among those who paid their respects to the Mormon leader were Colonel Cooke, Colonel Alexander, Captain Marcy and Quartermaster Crossman. All were very pleasant, the animosities of the past evidently having evaporated. These officers presented to President Young the flag-staff from which the stars and stripes had floated over Camp Floyd. This interesting relic stood for many years on the brow of the hill near the White House, the President's early resi-
727
HISTORY OF UTAH.
dence, where it continued to bear aloft the national banner. Whatever General Johnston had thought, it is evident that Colonel Cooke and his brother officers did not, at this time, deem the Mormons disloyal. The presentation of such a gift at such a time speaks volumes to the contrary. And what of General Johnston, who had denounced the Saints as "rebels?" Himself a rebel now, wearing the grey instead of the blue, commanding a Confederate in lieu of a Union army, his star of life, with the star of his glory, was soon to set in a sea of blood on the fatal field of Shiloh.
INDEX.
A
PAGE
Aborigines of America 40
Acts of the General Assembly of Deseret
455
Agreement to Leave Illinois 246
Alexander, Col. E. B., Commanding Vanguard of Army for Utah 609, 695 Arrival on Ham's Fork 626
Replies to Governor Young's Proc- lamation 630
Allen, Capt. James, Musters the Mor- mon Battalion
"American Desert," Webster's Estimate,
Angell, Truman O., Architect of the Temple 506 Apostasy at Kirtland 131 Exterminating Order 156
Appeal to President Polk and Various Governors 241
Arapeen, Indian Chief
513, 539
Army Ordered to Utah Its Coming Reported to Governor
Young
604
66 Officers Commanding
609
Arrival at Fort Laramie 619
In a Dilemma 642
450
Bowery, The Old 344, 410, 459, 462, 493, 502
Box Elder County Created 546
Brannan, Samuel, and the "Brooklyn" 250
66
Meets the Pioneers 317 349 318
Bridger, Fort
Purchased by Governor Young Burned by Utah Militia 653
513
Bridger, James, Trapper and Explorer Interview with the Pioneers
316
Brocchus, Judge Perry E., a Disappointed Official
460
66 Leaves the Territory
469
66 Delegate to Congress from Deseret 406
Denied the Seat 443
Secretary of the Territory .507
Slain by Indians 553
Baptism Commanded 33
Battallon, Mormon, Mustered 259
Its Roster 263 269
Its March
Some Remain in California 364, 380
Battle Creek Fight with Indians 423
Beatie, H. S., Pioneer of Carson Co. 483
Adjutant Utah Militia 623
Barlow, James M., Veteran Jeweler 387
Indian Expedition 432
Major Utah Militia 624
Bennett, Dr. John C. 193
Benson, Ezra T., 186
One of the Twelve Apostles 278
Captain of Ten, Pioneer Company 300
In the Valley 332, 336
Returns to meet Immigrants 347
Chaplain Utah Militia 396
His Employees pioneer Tooele County 419
477
64 Mission to Europe
553
Bernhisel, Dr. John M., Regent University of Deseret 434
Utah's first Delegate to Congress 458
Big Blue Riot and Battle 107
Bigler, Henry W., First Chronicler of the Gold Discovery 381
58 Bishopric, The
" Black Rock" at Great Salt Lake 338 451
Blair, Seth M., First U. S. Attorney for Utah 66 Prosecutes at First Murder Trial 481 623
Major Utah Militia
Editor and Proprietor Mountaineer Boggs, Lieut. Gov. of Missouri, Orders out Militia 107
724
258 As Governor Orders Gen. Atchi- 288 son to Suppress Insurrection in Daviess County 149
Makes Demand on Illinois for Mor- mon Leaders
178
66 Mysteriously Shot
197 236
" Bogus Brigham" Arrest
Bolton, Curtis E., Refutes Drummond's Slanders 583
293
Winter Quarters on Black's Fork 655
687
Effect on Utah Markets and Morals Removal from Utah 726
720
Arnold, Orson P., Accidentally Shot 637 Ashley, on Utah Lake 293
B
Babbitt, Almon W., President Kirtland Stake
186
Trustee-in-Trust at Nauvoo 250,274
272
Brown, Captain James, Reaches the Valley Visits Goodyear on the Weber
342 350
= Buys Goodyear's Lands Utah Legislator
375
Brown, John, Pioneer of 1847
Ascends Twin Peaks
Explorer Southern Utab
421
66 Utah Legislator
478 567 664
Buchanan, President, Orders an Army to Utah 588
Informe Congress that Peace is Restored
681
Proclamation of Pardon
682
Bullock, Thomas, Clerk of Pioneer Camp
First Type-setting in Deseret
387 436
Clerk Salt Lake County
Clerk General Assembly of Deseret 454 457
66 Takes Original Census of Utah
635
Burning of Government Trains Burton, Col. Robert T., Gallant Charge at Provo Indian fight 427
Expedition against the Goshutes 432
77 Reconnoiters at South Pass and on Sweetwater 624
Intercepts Col. Alexander's North- ern Advance
643
47 VOL. 1.
588
Bonneville, Captain Boundary Lines of the Territory Estab- lished
Returns to California
293
Brockman, Col., Bombards Nauvoo
478 322 350
" Buchanan's Blunder" He Sees it
301
As Utah Legislator
PAGE.
Enters Salt Lake Valley
730
INDEX.
C
PAGE.
Cache Valley Recommended to the Pioneers 315 350
Explored
The County Created 546
Caine, John T., Military Sec'y Utah Militia Calamities of 1856 547 623
Call, Anson, Pioneer of Millard County & Presiding at Fillmore
522
Callister, Col. Thomas, in Immigration of 1847 359
66 in Utah Militia 623, 658
66 Captures U. S. Soldiers
659
Campbell, Robert, First Recorder Salt Lake City
436
66 Proclamation of Peace 686
Protests Against Troops at Provo 713 623 Efforts to Secure his Removal 718 Cummings, James W., Paymaster-General Utah Militia
Cunningham, Andrew, Juror at Inquest on Judge Shaver 542
Colonizes Snake River Country 628 Currency and Coin in Early Days 386
D
Dame, Col. William H., Commanding Iron Military District 622, 704, 707
Danites, The 154,195
372
Decker, Charles F., Purchases Indian Cap- tive
368
Pioneer Mail Carrier Lieutenant Utah Militia
625
Delegate to Congress Elected, First
458
Chief Topographical Engineers Utah Militia
623
Carson County Settlement
4 Reinforcements
Talked of as Capital of Utah
725
University of, Chartered
434
Deseret-California Statehood Project
407
Deseret News Established
432
Census, 1851
457
Discomforts of the First Winter in the Val- ley
366
Dissensions at Kirtland
Donner Party of Emigrants
Douglas, Stephen A.
As Judge, Gives Decision Releasing Joseph Smith from Custody Advises Mormon Exodus
190
Daring Ride During Indian Fight at Provo
429
In First Dramatic Performance
502
Presents Deseret's Memorial for Statehood
443
Clay County, Mormon Exodus from
129
Clayton, William, Records Revelation on Celestial Marriage
216
Clerk of Camp of Israel 252
66 Falls into Disgrace
578
Historian of Pioneer Camp
304
66 Letter of Resignation 580
Dunklin, Governor, of Missouri 106
E
Early Political History Echo Canyon War
567
66 Operations Against Indians 514
393
Fortifications
628
Utah Militia Engaged in the Campaign
658
Eckels, Chief Justice, Holds Court on Black's Fork 656
Egan, Howard, Captain of Ten, Pioneer Company
301
726 Kills his Wife's Seducer
480
Escorts Col. Kane to the Frontier Eldredge, Horace S.
66 Marshal of Deseret
395
$6 Mission to the Indians
70
Brigadier-General Utah Militia
396
Excommunicated
140
Returns to the Mormon Faith and Dies
387
28
Cradlebaugh, Judge John, Begins Oper- ations
691
Charges the Grand Jury 710
Cradlebaugh Judge, Attended by Troops 66 Rebuked by Att'y-General Black
717
Cricket Plague
377
Crismon, Charles, Immigrant of 1847 Pioneer Mill Builder
386
Crooked River (Missouri) Battle Cumorah, The Battle of
155 45
Cumming, Governor Alfred, Starts for Utah 655 610 Issues his First Proclamation Accepts Col. Kane's Peace Policy and Enters Salt Lake Valley 670
Campbellites, The 70
"Camps of Israel" in Iowa Cannon, George Q. 66 Arrival at Nauvoo
252
184
204
Journeys to Utah
359
In California and the Sandwich Islands 418
Speech in Congress on Deseret land grants 455
542
66
Establishes the Western Standard Chosen an Apostle
695
Carrington. Albert, First to Ascend Twin Peaks 350
66 Assists to Frame Constitution of Deseret 393
66
Assessor and Collector of Des- eret
395
Assists in Surveying Lake 415
498
Deseret, the Name of the Proposed State Boundaries First Established
405
Merged into Utah
454
Chislett, John, Narrative of Hand-cart Journey
558
137
Cholera in Zion's Camp
116
Christ Appears on the American Continent 42 Clark, General John B. 156
Clawson, H. B., Aide-de-camp to General Wells
396
221
Treats with Mormon Leaders on Removal from Illinois
246
66 Purchases Army Stores and Sup- plies at Camp Floyd
726
66 Styles Mormonism "the Loathsome Ulcer" 588
Drummond, W. W., Appointed Associate Justice
545
Invents a Roadometer 310
Topographical Engineer Utah Mil- itia 623
Conover, Col. P. W., Military Commander at Fort Utah 425
Constitutional Convention in 1849 1856
545
Cooke, Col. Philip St. George, Takes Command of Mormon Battalion Accompanies Utah Expedition 610
269
66 Terrible Experience near South Pass 654
Honors the Mormon Battalion
687
66 In Command at Camp Floyd
Counterfeiting Charged Against ex-Gov. Young
Cowdery, Oliver
716 32
383
Assists to Draft Laws for Utah Militia 621
Emma, Joseph Smith's Wife
Attitude Towards Polygamy 216, 237
Emigrants from Great Britain, First Mor- mon 185
389
Officers in Command
624
227
Carthage, Illinois, a Hotbed of Mobocracy Jail
228
Editor Deseret News 531
392
483 541
295 177
66
Davis County Settled
PAGE. 711
359
482
674
731
PAGE.
Emigration Canyon
323
Gold Discovered in California
Gold Hunters en route to California 400
358
Golden Plates Delivered to Joseph Smith 27
Ensign Peak
336
Described
30
Exodus to the Great West Predicted
195
How Translated Final Disposition
35
246
The History they Record
37
Goodyear, Miles, Meets the Pioneers Location on the Weber
350
66 Sells his Lands to Captain Brown
374
Government., Mormon Views of Grant, Jedediah M., Joins the Mormon Church
113
Far West, Caldwell County, Founded
130
Captain of Hundred, Emigration of 1847
359 396
Feasting on the Sweetwater
362
Federal Courts after the "Utah War"
689
First Mayor Salt Lake City
Felt, Nathaniel H., First Alderman Salt Lake City Utah Legislator
435
478 Counselor to President Young
531
Ferguson, James, Sergeant-Major Mormon Battalion Adjutant-General Utah Militia 396, 623
263
Death
Grant, George D., Capt. First Company Utah Militia
396
Member Deseret Dramatic Asso- ciation
501
Letter to Col. Cooke
659
Major-General Militia
426 623
Grant, George W., Heroic Conduct at the Frozen Sweetwater
562
Ferris, B. G., Secretary of the Territory 476, 507
Fillmore Located as Territorial Capital 482
Session of the Legislature 545
First Presidency Organized
99
First Stake of Zion in the Rocky Mountains
364
First White Child Born in Utah
351
Flagstaff from Camp Floyd Presented to ex- Governor Young
726
Greeley, Horace, visits the Territory
723
Floyd's Advice and Motive
589
Groesbeck, Nicholas, Refused U. S. Mails Gulls as Saviors of the People Gunnison, Lieut., on the Courts of Deseret With Stansbury's Command = On Mormon Polygamy
598 378 402
His Broken Pledge Suggests California to the Saints
238
Massacre
520
Foreign Missions, The First
133
Forney, Jacob, Supt. Indian Affairs
689
Steptoe 538
=
Drummond's Story 545
" Gathers up Children of Massacred Emigrants
707
Fort Supply Founded
529
H
Fortifications in Echo Canyon
628
Fourth of July Celebration 1859
718
Haight, Hector C., pioneer of Davis County 372
Haight, Horton D. 632, 638
Haight, Isaac C., explorer Southern Utah 420
Colonel of Militia 701, 707
Hale, Emma, marries Joseph Smith 28
Accepts but afterwards denies polyg- amy 216, 237
Arrested in California
270
Hammond, Mary J. D., pioneer school- teacher 433
Hancock, Levi W.
118
Standard-bearer of Republicanism
588
.. Utah Legislator
478
Frontier Guardian at Kanesville
384
Hancock County, Illinois, alarmed at Mor- mon Immigration
188
Member of Stake Presidency
388
Hand-cart Disaster
555
Hanks, E. K., Color-bearer-General
396
Explorer Southern Utah
421
Pioneer Mail Carrier
498
€€ Utah Legislator
478
Helps Hand-cart Companies
563
Fullmer John S.
230
Special Mail Carrier 1857 595
Scout and ranger 624
Assists to Draft Constitution of Deseret
393
Colonel Deseret Militia 396
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