USA > Virginia > Some prominent Virginia families, Volume II > Part 14
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f. Fanny Hoxton Randolph, daughter of Rt. Rev. Alfred M. Randolph.
(4) Beverly Randolph, unmarried; lives with his sister, Mrs. Turner, at Montrose, Fauquier Co., Va.
(5) Buekner Magill Randolph, elergyman in the Prot. Epis. Church, and has charge of a Parish near Richmond, Va. Married Mary Hoxton. His son, Winslow Randolph, married Anna Robinson, of St. Louis, Mo., a great- granddaughter of Col. Edward Smith, of Smithfield.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
VII. Thomas Jefferson Randolph7, Jr. (Col. Thomas Jeffer- son", Thomas Mann5, Thomas Mann+, William3, Thomas', William1), eldest son, b. at Edge Hill, Albemarle Co., Va., 1830; removed to Shadwell, same county. Married, first (1854) Mary Walker Meriwether, who d. 1863; seeond (1865) Charlotte N. Meriwether. He was aeeidentally killed by a blast on the Chesa- peake and Ohio Railroad, 1870. His second wife d. 1876.
Issue by first marriage :
I. Frank Meriwether Randolph8. Married Charlotte Macon.
II. Thomas Jefferson Randolph8, Jr.
III. Margaret Randolph8, d. young.
IV. Franeis Nelson Randolph8, d. young.
V. George Geiger Randolph8.
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Issue by second marriage :
VI. Mary Walker Randolph8.
VII. Dr. Wilson Cary Nicholas Randolph™ (Col. Thomas Jefferson®, Thomas Mann", Thomas Mann4, William3, Thomas2, William1), b. at Edge Hill, Albemarle Co., Va., 1832; removed to Charlottesville, same county. Married (1855) Mary Holliday, of that place, and they had issue :
I. Virginia Rawlings Randolph.
II. Wilson C. N. Randolph, Jr.
III. Mary Walker Randolph.
IV. Julia Minor Randolph.
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CHAPTER VI
THE FAIRFAX FAMILY.
FAPE TAC
FAIRFAX COAT-OF-ARMS.
Arms-Argent, three bars gemelies gules, surmounted by a lion sable. Crest-A lion passant guardant gules.
Supporters-Dexter, a lion guardant sable; simister, a bay horse. Motto-Fare fac (speak, do).
The Fairfaxes have good reason to be proud of their name and ancestry, for it is an honorable family, replete with Christian men, strong, scholarly, brave, who feared God and honoured the King, yet who successfully fought for constitutional rights, and who were last, but not least, gallant lovers, ready to storm even a nunnery to win a bride, or to die unmarried, as did Thomas, sixth Baron Fairfax, after 30 years self-imposed exile from native land for love of a winsome but capricious woman, who jilted him.
The title of the Fairfax family has passed frequently from brother to brother, and from kinsman to kinsman, but it has always passed in peace and the family has appeared singularly united in spirit and feeling.
Within the last few years four octavo volumes of the Fairfax history and correspondence have been published in England, a large portion of whose contents. were accidentally discovered in
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an old box. They had been seereted there during Cromwell's rebellion, or soon after, for safe-keeping, and lest they should fall into the hands of those who would make an ill use of them. Being in a box which, when opened, presented only tiles to the eye, they were supposed to be lost for the larger part of two centuries. From these volumes the following sketeh has been taken.
In the early history of the family an interesting faet is stated in Old English verse, viz .: that grandfather, son and grandson, with their wives and children, lived in the same house at Brad- ford, a village in England.
Under one roof they dwelt with their three wives, And at table eat what God gives:
Our times a sweeter harmony have not known. There are six persons, yet their hearts but one. In these three pairs Bradford may justly glory; What other place ean parallel this story ?
The above lines were written by the Reetor of Bradford, in 1647.
The house of Fairfax is of Saxon blood, and the name is of Saxon origin, signifying fair-haired. In some of the old aneestral deeds the name is spelled Fairvex, while the motto, "Fare fae," appears to be a pun upon the name, but admirably adapted to the spirit of the raee, sinee its meaning is, "Speak, do," and the Fairfaxes have ever been ready to enforce their speech by aetion.
The Fairfax family were established at or before the Norman Conquest in Northumberland, after which they removed into Lin- colnshire and later into Yorkshire, where they settled about the end of the Twelfth Century.
The first of the raee whose name is recorded is Richard Fair- fax, who in 1204 or 1205 possessed the Manor of Oaklawn and other estates, near York. His grandson, William Fairfax, was High Bailiff of York in 1249, and purchased the Manor of Walton, from which the family afterward drew a title. Riehard married Eustachie, daughter of John Carthope, and among their children were :
I. William Fairfax, of Walton.
II. Bryan Fairfax.
III. Guy Fairfax.
Sir William Fairfax, son of Guy Fairfax and grandson of Rieh- ard, married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Robert Manners,
.
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knight, ancestor of the Duke of Rutland. He was one of the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of King Henry VIII, and was succeeded by his only son, William.
LIKE YOUNG LOCHINVAR.
This Sir William Fairfax married Isabel Thwaits, daughter and heir of Jolin Thwaits, Esq., of Denton Castle, Yorkshire. He was High Sheriff in the county of York during the reign of Henry VIII. A romance, equal to the Scottish ballad of Young Loch- invar, twines about this marriage. The young Sir William Fairfax loved, and was loved in return, by Isabel Thwaits, a beautiful Yorkshire heiress, who was guarded like a rare flower within the walls of a Cistercian nunnery, on the river Wharfe. She was under the care of the abbess, Anna Langton. The abbess was not slow to perceive the blossoming of love's spring-time between her ward and the gallant young knight. Hence she prohibited all meetings between the pair, and the young suitor, finding supplication, di- plomacy and even commands from those in high authority un- availing, stormed the nunnery in warlike fashion, captured the willing lady of his heart; carried her off in triumph to Bolton Percy Church, and without loss of time or speech with her abbess guardian, made her his wife. Since all the world loves a lover the Ainsty region rang with rejoicings over the match, and the Lady Isabel Fairfax and her gallant knight lived happy ever after. Through his wife Sir William acquired Denton Castle, and through her descendants the nunnery, where she was confined, was wrested from the abbess, and Nun Appleton, built upon its site, was afterwards the home of Thomas Fairfax, third baron, whose daughter's wooing was less tempestuous, but whose married life as Duchess of Buckingham was full of sorrow. Her relation, Bryan Fairfax, the author, in writing of her, says: "She was an example of virtue and piety in a vicious age and debauched court," adding, "David tells us men of high degree are a lie (they promise and never perform), and men of low degree are vanity (that is, have nothing to give)."
Though hot-headed himself, Sir William Fairfax was less pa- tient with others of a like nature. Upon his death he was suc- ceeded by his second son-the eldest having died-Sir Thomas Fairfax, of Denton, who received that estate from his mother,
12
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but who lost Steeton Castle by his father's disinheriting him and giving Steeton Castle to his youngest son Gabriel. The unruly son, Thomas, had offended his father by aiding the Duke of Bourbon at the sacking of Rome, henee his name is not even men- tioned in the will. This will, copies of whichi still exist, is a eurious document, in which the son, fallen under the father's displeasure, is never mentioned. It reads in part :
In the name of God, Amen. This is the last will and testament of me, William Fairfax, of Steeton, in the Parish of Bolton Percy, York, Knight, now whole of memory, thanks be to God, made this third day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand five hundred and fifty-seven, in the fourth and fifth years of the reign of King Philip and Queen Mary at Steeton aforesaid: First, I will and bequeath my soul to our Lord Jesus Christ and our Lady St. Mary, His blessed Mother, and my body to be buried in St. Nicholas, his choir, in Bolton Church, or elsewhere it shall please God I do depart, and my executors to see me brought forth to the honor of God and worship of my eonsanguinity with 14 black gowns to 14 poor men of Bolton, Appleton, Coulton, and Bilborough and 14 torches with 14 shillings for their pains, and to every grass house in Bolton, Appleton, Wilborough, Coulton and Todeaster I bequeath sixpence and dole at my burial to the needy poor liberally at the pains and disere- tion of my executors.
A rhyme follows this last testament to this effeet :
The will of dead men is a sacred band. To see it kept obliging every hand.
Or thus :
The laws should be observed, but dead men's will Must needs be kept, command they good or ill.
A LONG RECORD OF DISTINCTION. FIRST GENERATION.
Disinheritance seems to have had a stimulating effeet upon Sir Thomas Fairfax, of Denton. From him and his wife, Dorothy, daughter of George Gale, Esq., of Asham Grange, sprung the line of Fairfaxes destined to raise the already illustrious name to greater heights than it had yet known. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1576 and died in 1599.
They had issue :
I. Thomas Fairfax2, who succeeded him.
II. Henry Fairfax2.
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III. Ferdinando Fairfax2, named for a comrade who fought with him at Rome.
IV. One daughter.
V. One daughter.
VI. Col. Charles Fairfax, who was killed at the siege of Ostend.
VII. Edward Fairfax, the translator of Tasso, said to be the first English poet who imparted metrical smoothness to a translation of the Italian poet's lines. In a work on demonology he thus declares his religious belief and ecclesiastical position : "I am in religion neither of a fanatic Puritan, nor superstitious Papist, but so set- tled in conscience that I have the sure ground of God's word for all I believe, and the commendable ordinances of our English church to approve all I practice." The latter's gay daughters are said to have ruled their scholarly father by declaring they were bewitched and under spells whenever his orders clashed with their inclinations. The sons, Henry and Ferdinando, died young.
SECOND GENERATION.
II. Sir Thomas Fairfax2 (Thomas1) succeeded his father; was knight of Denton Castle. He married (1582) Ellen Ashe, daughter of Robert Ashe, Esq. He was created a peer of Scotland October 18, 1627, as Baron Cameron, of Fairfax. With him the title still carried by his descendants had its beginning. From him the descent is as follows. He was born 1590.
THIRD GENERATION.
III. Ferdinando Fairfax3 (Thomas2, Thomas1), K. B., sccond baron. He married, first (1607), Lady Mary Sheffield (daughter of Edmund, first Earl of Mulgrave), and second, Rhoda, an heiress and daughter of Thomas Clapham, of London. By the former he had three sons and six daughters. He distinguished himself as member of Parliament for Boroughbridge and Yorkshire, as Par- liamentary General of the Northern forces, and had chief com- mand at the battle of Marston Moor, where he defeated the royal army and was subsequently Governor of the city of York. His
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eldest son, Thomas, had fought shoulder to shoulder with his father and at the latter's death, in 1647, succeeded to the title.
The will of Fernando Fairfax, father of the great general in Cromwell's army, differs mueh from that of his Romish aneestor. Instead of commanding his soul to Lady Mary in conjunction with her son, his will runs thus: "First, I commend my soul to their Infinite Majesties, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, the same God who hath with his manifold blessings been gracious to me in the world, and whose goodness in his great mercy I hope to enjoy in Heaven. Next, I give my body to be buried without mueh pomp or ceremony, in what place it shall please God to eall me out of this sinful world; but, if with convenience it may be, I desire to be interred in the parish of Bolton Perey, near the body of my dear wife." A sensible and pious will, worthy of imitation.
This parish of Bolton Perey was one in which his brother, the Rev. Henry Fairfax, ministered. He appears to have been a truly pious man, and his wife to have been an helpmate to him. Some interesting letters, written before and after their marriage, show them to have been well formed by nature and grace for the posi- tion which they chose in preference to all others. While the eoun- try was full of confusion and bloodshed, and his father, brother and nephew were so actively engaged in revolutionary seenes, he quietly performed his duties as a parish minister, molesting none and being unmolested by any. He had two sons; one of them, Bryan, was a scholar and author. Henry was the fourth Lord Fairfax, inheriting the title from the great general, who had no son. His son, who was the grandson of the humble eurate of Bolton Perey, was also inheritor of the title, and married the daughter of Lord Culpepper.
FOURTH GENERATION.
IV. Thomas Fairfax4 (Ferdinando3, Thomas2, Thomas1), K. B., third baron. Married Anne, daughter of Sir Horatio Vere, Lord Vere, of Tilbury. Baron Fairfax had commanded a cavalry wing at Marston Moor and participated in his father's military triumphs. He was already a distinguished republican military leader, and when only 34 years of age, in 1645, was appointed general in the Parliament's army. In that year he gained the
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celebrated victory at Naseby, and afterward defeated the Royal- ists in a series of engagements, but did not participate in the execution of the king, Charles I. That extreme measure eaused him in 1650 to resign the command of the army of Cromwell, and in 1659 he zealously assisted to restore the monarchy. He was eonstable of the Tower in 1647; lord of the Isle of Man in 1650, and sat as member of Parliament for Yorkshire in 1660. It was Anne, wife of this same man of war who, with their only ehild, Mary, followed him through camp life and who, during the trial of the king in Westminster Hall, pluckily dared to denounce from the gallery, where she sat, Cromwell's violent eourse. In old age the Baron retired to rural life at Nun Appleton. In the seelusion of this place the same daughter, Mary, whose childhood had been spent in the saddle, and whose girlhood had blossomed in the quiet' gardens of Nun Appleton, was wooed and won by the bril- liant George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham, who was as graceless as he was goodly in appearance, and although she ranked seeond only to royalty, her life was a mournful tragedy, whieli found an end in her death and interment in King Henry VII Chapel, in Westminster Abbey. She died without ehildren and moved in dignified sorrow amid the brilliant court cireles. Upon the death of Thomas, third baron, in 1677, the barony devolved upon his cousin, Henry Fairfax.
IV. Henry Fairfax+ (Henry3, Thomas2, Thomas1), fourth Baron Fairfax, was the grandson of the first Lord (Thomas Fair- fax) through his second son, the Hon. Rev. Henry Fairfax, of Oglethorpe, eounty York, and his wife, Mary Cholmley. Henry, fourth baron, married Frances Barwick, daughter of Sir Robert Barwick, of Tolston, Yorkshire, by whom he left two sons :
I. Thomas Fairfax5, succeeded as fifth baron; d. 1685.
II. Henry Fairfax5, of Tolston, York.
FIFTH GENERATION.
V. Thomas Fairfax5 (Henry+, Henry3, Thomas2, Thomas1). Married Catherine Culpepper, daughter of Sir Thomas Culpepper, and to that marriage is due the passing of Denton Castle from the Fairfax family and the cmigration of the sixth Lord Fairfax to America. Catherine inherited Leeds Castle, in Kent, England. She inherited about 5,700,000 acres of land in Virginia. Thomas,
.
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fifth baron, was a colonel of the guards and member of Parlia- ment for Yorkshire until by the Act of Union he became in- eligible. He d. 1710, and was sueeeeded by his eldest son, also named Thomas. Thomas and Catherine had issue :
I. Thomas Fairfax", sixth baron.
II. Henry Culpepper Fairfax®, never married.
III. Robert Fairfax®, seventh baron.
IV. Margaret Fairfax". Married Rev. Dr. David Wilkins, pretendary of Canterbury.
V. Frances Fairfax6. Married Denny Martin, Esq. She d. 1791, leaving two children. Denny Martin, her son, in holy orders, inherited at the deccase of his uncle, Robert Fairfax, seventh baron, Leeds Castle and other estates in Kent, which led him to assume the name of Fairfax. Her second son, Philip Martin, was a lieu- tenant-general in the British army. His brother. Denny Martin, dying, he also assumed the name of Fairfax, and inherited Leeds Castle but died unmar- ried in 1821, when Leeds Castle passed to the repre- sentatives of his aunt and heir-at-law, Fiennes Wyke- ham Martin, Esq.
In the corrupt and venal reign of Charles II the whole State of Virginia, except such parts as had been specially patented, was made over for a time to Lord Culpepper. There was, of course, a good pecuniary consideration given to the king for quit rents. Lord Culpepper was not only the proprietary of the colony, but had the livings of all the parishes in his gift-eould bestow or take away as he pleased. There was, however, too much of American feeling, cven at that carly period, to submit to such a measure. So heavy were the complaints and so threatening the opposition that the king withdrew the grant of proprietorship for the whole cstate and restrieted it with limitations to the Northern Neck, as above described. By intermarriage between the families of Culpepper and Fairfax, this part of the State came into possession of Thomas Fairfax, whose mother was daughter of Lord Culpep- per, himself being the seventh baron, who had inherited the title of Lord Cameron.
V. Henry Fairfax5 (Henry+, Henry3, Thomas2, Thomas1), of Tolston, county York. He inherited his mother's estate of
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Tolston. He was high sheriff of Yorkshire in 1691. He married Anne, daughter and heir of Richard Harrison, of South Cave, and died in 1708, leaving issue :
I. Henry Fairfax", of Tolston, b. Sept. 15, 1685; d. Nov. 22, 1750, unmarried.
II. William Fairfax", baptized at Newton. Kyne, Oct. 30, 1691. Ancestor of the American Fairfaxes. In 1771 married Sarah, daughter of Major Thomas Walker, chief justice of the Bahama Islands; his second wife was Deborah Clarke, of Salem, Mass. He served in the English army and navy; judge and governor of the Bahama Islands. He was collector of eustoms at Salem, Mass., 1725. He removed to Virginia in 1732 at the request of his first cousin, Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax, the proprietor of the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia, to become agent for the property. President of the King's Council in Virginia. He built Belvoir on the Potomac. When Lawrence Washington returned from the expedition against Carthagena, he married Anne Fairfax, the daughter of William Fairfax, and built Mount Vernon, three miles above Belvoir, on the Potomac, and here George Washington was brought at the age of fourteen into the society of Belvoir and Mount Vernon. Issue by first marriage :
I. George William Fairfax7, of Belvoir, in Virginia and Tolston, Yorkshire; b. at Bahama Islands, 1724. Mar- ried (Dec. 17, 1748) Sarah, daughter of Colonel Wil- son Cary, of "Ceelys," near Hampton, on James River, Virginia, the companion of Washington on his first surveying tour. In 1759 he inherited Tolston from his uncle Henry, and went to England to live in 1773. He died childless, leaving his estates to his nephew, Ferdinando. His widow survived him until November 2, 1811; d. at Bath, aged 81 years.
IT. Thomas Fairfax™, R. N., killed on board H. M. S. Har- wich in a naval engagement with the French in West Indies, aged 21, June 26, 1746.
III. Anne Fairfax™, b. Salem, Mass., in 1728. Married (July 10, 1743) Lawrence, elder brother of General George
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Washington, who died July 26, 1752. Married, second, George Lee, of Virginia, uncle of Philip Lee, the grandfather of General Robert E. Lee.
IV. Sarah Fairfax™. Married Major John Carlyle, of Alex- andria, Va.
V. Bryan Fairfax™, eighth Lord Fairfax.
VI. William Fairfax™, an ensign 28th foot. Mortally wound- ed at Quebec under Wolfe in 1759. Before the battle General Wolfe touched him on the shoulder and said : "Young man, when we come into battle remember your name."
VII. Hannah Fairfax™. Married Warner Washington, first cousin of General Washington.
SIXTH GENERATION.
VI. Thomas Fairfax", sixth Lord Fairfax; b. at Denton in 1690. He retired to his estates in Virginia in 1745 and built Greenway Court, in Frederick Co., where he died March 12, 1782; buried in the chancel of the old church at Winchester. He suc- ceeded to the title in 1710. An erroneous belief that the present Lord Alfred Kirby Fairfax is descended from this sixth Lord Fairfax, and first of the title to come to America, appears fast rooted in the minds of the American public. Thomas Fairfax, sixth baron, never married. He came of age to find that his mother had sold his paternal estates, including Denton Castle, to secure intact her own inheritance, the Castle of Leeds, in Kent, and he fell in love and all the preparations for the marriage were gayly in progress when the lady of his heart discovered his loss of patrimony and withdrew immediately from the engagement. Up to that time Thomas Fairfax had been a gay, light-hearted soldier in a swell regiment, the Life Guards, and a university man of scholarly attainments. Now, under this double blow, his life became embittered. He was obliged to ratify the sale of his prop- erty, but he never cared for the manors in Kent and estates in the Isle of Wight, inherited from his mother. He never forgave her action and when a blighted love affair was its culmination he resolved to visit America. There, within the boundaries of the Potomac and Rappahannock, he had inherited (also from his mother) a tract of land called Northern Neck, estimated to be
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over 5,000,000 aeres. Coming to America, he was so captivated with the elimate and picturesqueness of Virginia that he resolved to remain there the balance of his life, which he did. He gave his English estates to his brother, Robert, and distributed the sur- plus of his Ameriean income among his poor neighbors. He de- signed to have a fine manor house on the slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains, near Winchester. Plans were all drawn out for Greenway Court, as the manor was to be ealled, but-lacking perhaps the incentive of wife and children-the palatial residence was never built. Instead, a long, low, one-story building with a roof sloping down in the old Virginia fashion into low projecting eaves that formed a veranda running the whole length of the house, became his residence, and was known as Greenway Court, and here he lived and died. His style of living, however, was in ancient English fashion, lavish and hospitable, with a retinue of servants, and Greenway Court was the scene of truly lordly en- tertainment for any distinguished English gentleman who came to America. He was lieutenant and custos rotulorum of Frederick county, and presided at the provincial court at Winchester, Va., and was one of the most beneficent of official magnates. He was the patron of George Washington in the latter's youth, and his friend through life, but, notwithstanding, remained a rigid Tory, and it is said the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown was his deatlı-blow, since he never rallied from the shoek of hearing the news.
Years after, children playing in the garden of a deserted dwell- ing found a parehment, musty and mildewed, which proved to be a marriage contract drawn in England when George I was king, and all ready in every detail for signatures and seals, that had never been affixed. The name of the lady had been carefully erased, but the man's name was left solitary in proud token, per- haps, of an unchanged heart, and that name, it is said, was Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax, Baron of Cameron.
On his death his title passed to his brother Robert.
VI. Robert Fairfax® (Thomas", Henry*, Henry?, Thomas", Thomas1), b. 1707; member of Parliament for Mardstone in 1743. Major of Horse Guards. He married twiee, and d. 1793, childless. He left Leeds Castle, Kent, and the rest of the Fairfax property to his sisters. His title passed to the Rev. Bryan Fairfax, rector
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of Christ Church, Alexandria, Va., who succceded as eighth Lord Fairfax. Leeds Castle passed into the hands of the descendants of Frances Fairfax (sister of the sixth and seventh Lords Fairfax), who married Denny Martin, Esq.
SEVENTH GENERATION.
VII. Rev. Bryan Fairfax7 (William", Henry, Henry+, Henry3, Thomas2, Thomas1), ciglith Lord Fairfax, of Tolston, Yorkshire and Mount Eagle in Virginia, b. 1737. Married (1759) Elizabeth, daugliter of Col. Wilson Cary, of "Ceelys," and sister of Mrs. George Wm. Fairfax. In 1789 he entered holy orders. He was chief mourner at the funeral of Gen'l George Washington. Hle was rector of Christ Church, Alexandria, Va. His claim to the peerage was recognized by the House of Lords on May 6, 1800; d. at Mount Eagle, Fairfax Co., Va., August 1802. Just a hundred years later, in 1900, Bryan Fairfax's great-grandson, Albert Kirby Fairfax, the present Lord Fairfax, called upon the Lord Chancellor of England, as successor to the title, and all the formality observed was that the Chancellor said, "How do you do, Lord Fairfax," and asked him to dine.
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