A history of Vermont : with geological and geographical notes, bibliography, chronology, maps, and illustrations, Part 19

Author: Collins, Edward Day, 1869-1940. 4n
Publication date: 1903
Publisher: Boston : Ginn & co.
Number of Pages: 698


USA > Vermont > A history of Vermont : with geological and geographical notes, bibliography, chronology, maps, and illustrations > Part 19


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Westhaven .


355


Stratton .


271


Westminster


1,295


Sudbury .


474


Westmore


390


Sunderland


518


Weston


756


Sutton


694


West Rutland


2,914


West Windsor


513


Weybridge .


518


Wheelock


567


Thetford


1,249


Whiting .


36.


Tinmouth


404


Whitingham


1,042


Topsham


1,117


Williamstown .


1,610


Townshend


833


Williston


1,176


Troy .


1,467


Wilmington


1,221


Wilmington Village


410


Windham


356


Underhill


1,140


Windsor


2,119


Windsor Village


1,656


Vergennes


1,753


Winhall . 449


Vernon


578


Winooski


3,786


Vershire .


6.41


Wolcott


1,066


Victory


321


Woodbury 862


Woodford


279


Waitsfield


760


Woodstock


2,557


Walden .


764


Woodstock Village 1,284


Wallingford


1,575


Worcester .


636


Swanton


3,745


Swanton Village


1,168


Tunbridge


885


305


APPENDIX


TABLE G


GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING IN VERMONT SINCE 1850 (Census of 1900)


YEAR


NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS


CAPITAL INVESTED


AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS


AMOUNT OF WAGES PAID


VALUE OF PRODUCT


INCREASE PER CENT IN VALUE OF PRODUCT


1850


1,849


$5,001,377


8,445


#2,202,348


-


1860


1,883


9,498,617


10,497


3,004,986


$8,570,920 14,637,807


70.8


1870


3,270


20,329,637


18,686


6,264,581


32,184,606


119.91


1880


2,874


23,265,224


17,540


5,164,479


31,354,366


- 2.62


1890


3,031


32,763,291


22,119


8,427,553


38,340,066


22.3


1900


4,07 I


48,547,964


29,455


12,237,684


57,623,815


50.4


TABLE H AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY IN VERMONT SINCE 1850 (Census of 1900)


YKAR


NUMBER OF FARMS


ACREAGE


VALUATION OF FARM PROPERTY


VALUE OF PRODUCT


1850


29,763


4,125,822


$78,749,737


1860


31,556


4,274,414


114,196,989


1870


33,827


4,528,804


168,506, 1893


$34,647,0273


1880


35,522


4,882,588


130,811,490


22,082,656


1890


32,573


4,395,646


101,805,370


20,364,980


1900


33,104


4,724,440


108,451,427


33,570,892


1 The cash valuations of this year, and consequently the ratio, should be scaled down about one fifth, owing to the depreciated currency in which the returns were made.


2 Decrease.


3 Diminish one fifth to reduce to a specie basis.


306


HISTORY OF VERMONT


TABLE I


AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN 1850 (Census of 1850)


Wool produced


3,400,717 lbs.


Butter


12,137,98o "


Cheese


8,720,834


Maple sugar


6,349,357


Hops


288,023


Beeswax and honey


249,422 "


Flax .


20,852 "


Hay


866, 153 tons


Buckwheat


209,819 bu.


Barley


42, 150 "


Peas and beans


104,649 "


Irish potatoes


4,951,014 "


Orchard products


$315,255


Home-made manufactures


$267,710


Market gardens .


$18.853


307


APPENDIX


TABLE J


I


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1840, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 18.10)


Producing the value of


Wool : fulling mills, 239 2 $1,331,953


manufactories, 95 J


Mills : flouring mills, 7 (4,495 bbls.); sawmills, 1,081; )


oil mills, 20; gristmills, 312


1,083,124


Bricks and lime .


402,218


Leather, saddlery, etc.


361,468


Lumber


346,939


Paper, 17 manufactories


179,720


Carriages and wagons


162,097


Cotton, 7 factories (7,2544 spindles)


1 13,000


Machinery


101,354


Furniture .


83,275


Ships and vessels built


72,000


Hats, caps, and straw bonnets


65,251


Granite, marble, etc.


62,515


Glasshouses, 2 establishments 55,000


Drugs, medicines, paints, and dyes 38, 475


Various metals (not precious metals)


2.4,900


Potteries, 8 establishments


23,000


Hardware, cutlery, etc.


16,650


Value of all manufactures for which figures are given in the census $5,593,842


Total capital invested in manufactures $4,326,440


Employees enumerated


7,000


In addition to the above list of manufactures there were produced 71812 tons of pot and pearl ash ; furs and skins to the value of $1,750; precious metals to the value of $3,000; 39 pounds of silk ; a small amount of flax ; 1,158 small arms ; 50,300 pounds of soap; 28,687 pounds of tallow ; ginseng and forest products, $2, 500; musical instruments, $2,200. There were in the state 29 printing offices, 14 binderies, 2 daily news. papers, 26 weeklies, 2 semi-weeklies, 3 periodicals. There were paper manufactures of playing cards, etc., not included in the list above, amounting to $35,000. There were 261 tanneries which tanned 102,763 sides of sole leather and 102.937 sides of upper leather. There were two distilleries making 3,500 gallons of liquor, and one brewery producing 12,800 gallons. There were two ropewalks making $.4,000 worth of cordage.


308


HISTORY OF VERMONT


II


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1.860, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1860)


Establishments


Producing the value of


Woolen goods


45


$2,936,826


Flour and meal .


123


1,659,898


Leather


108


1,002,853


Marble works


50


946,235


Sawed lumber


404


901,519


Marble quarries


16


715,550


Machinery


24


501,276


Carriages


133


475,060


Boots and shoes


148


440,366


Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware . 60


280,201


Furniture


64


268,735


Clothing


39


250,669


Iron castings .


18


231,230


Blacksmithing


167


207,786


Slate quarrying


14


207, 150


Industries producing over $200,000 are given.


III


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN IS70, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1870)


Establishments


Producing the value of


Woolen goods


43


$3,550,962


Sawed lumber


347


3,142,307


Planed lumber


13


2,526,228


Flouring mills


2,071,594


Scales and balances


1,629,000


Tanned leather .


86


1,249,942


Marble and stone work


29


960,984


Carriages and sleds


169


$39,029


Leather, curried


6.4


762,571


Machinery


37 7


Boots and shoes


20


547,789


Cotton goods


8


546,510


Furniture


47


540,521


Agricultural implements


45


523,669


Sashes, doors, and blinds


43


518,125


Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware . 97


505,005


2


756,0So


Hosiery


551,129


Industries producing over $500,000 are given.


309


APPENDIX


IV


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1880, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1880)


Establishments


Producing the value of


Sawed lumber


688


$3,258,816


Woolen goods


44


3,217,807


Flouring and grist mills


227


3,038,688


Planed lumber


IS


2,709,522


Scales and balances


3


2,080,474


Marble and stone work


69


1,303,790


Mixed textiles


7


1,277,903


Paper, not specified


13


1,237,484


Tanned leather .


53


1,084,503


Cotton goods


8


915,864


Foundry and machine shops


45


783,828


Agricultural implements


35


718,455


Musical instruments, organs, and materials


2


680,800


Hosiery and knit goods


6


595,270


Curried leather .


24


530,337


Industries producing over $500,000 are given.


V


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1890, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1890)


Establishments


Producing the value of


Lumber, and other mill products from logs or bolts


736


$6,843,817


Flouring and grist mills 217


2,890,174


Woolen goods


29


2,723,683


Paper


14


2,289,901


Planing-mill products


31


1,868,760


Marble and stone work 46


1,656,637


Cheese, butter, and condensed milk 123


1,602,641


Monuments and tombstones 96


1,492,384


Foundry and machine shops 61


1,199,007


Hosiery and knit goods . 10


1,105,958


Cotton goods


914,685


Carpentering


76


843,795


Musical instruments


3 794,346


l'atent medicines and compounds 13


777,111


Industries producing over $750,000 are given.


310


HISTORY OF VERMONT


VI


THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1900, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1900)


Establishments


Producing the value of


Lumber and timber 658


$6,131,808


Cheese, butter, and condensed milk


255


5,656,265


Monuments and tombstones


268


4,045,611


Paper and wood pulp


27


3,384,773


Flouring and grist mills


211


3,222,347


Planing-mill products, including sashes, doors, and blinds 46


2,598,581


Woolen goods


23


2,572,646


Marble and stone work


54 61


2,484,551


Patent medicines and compounds


24


2,125,016


Hosiery and knit goods


14


1,834,685


Furniture factories


2.4


1,252,742


Carpentering


78


1,245,507


Foundry and machine shops


2, 185,510


Industries producing over $1,000,000 are given.


INDEX


Abenakis Indians, 5. Adams, J. Q., 138, 235.


Agriculture, transition in, between 1812 and Civil War, 213-217; since 1850, 306.


Albany, N.Y., trial of cases at, 75, 76; market at, for settlers, 145. Algonquins, battle with Iroquois, 4. Allen, Ebenezer, frees Dinah Mat- tis, 234.


Allen, Ethan, 75; characteristics of, 78-79; reward offered for, 80; leads attack on Ticonderoga, 91 ; line of march, 92; demands surrender, 93 ; taken prisoner at Montreal, 94; sent to England, 94; returned to New York, 94; ordered to suppress riots in Windham County, 124; ap- proached by British, 130 ; writes to Congress, 131 ; death of, 135. Allen, Ira, on Haldimand negotia- tions, 132-133.


American Institute of Instruction, 220.


American Revolution, bearing of, on situation in the New Hamp- shire Grants, 90, 111-114, 117- 119; share of Vermont in, 90- 106; benefits to Vermont from, 110-112; rapid settlement dur- ing, 122; inducements to set- tlers, 123; Ticonderoga, 91-94;


Crown Point, 93, 96; retreat from Ticonderoga, 98; Hub- bardton, 98-99; Bennington, 103-106. See also Bennington and Burgoyne.


Amherst, General, at Crown Point, 41, 48.


Ammonoosuc, 31, 32. Antietam, battle of, 245.


Appendix, 273-310.


Apple sauce, apple butter, 205.


Arnold, Benedict, joins expedition against Ticonderoga, 91-92; captures British sloop, 93; com- mands American flotilla on Lake Champlain, 95; burns his fleet, 96.


Arrow points, 8; illustrations of, 7, 8, 9.


Arthur, Chester A., illustration of, 225; birthplace of, 224.


Artisans in early communities, 141.


Asheries, 63; at Burke, 165. Ashes, value of, 62, 63, 147, 168. Association of smugglers, 190; of anti-smugglers, 190.


Axes, Indian manufacture of, 10; illustrations of, 9; of settlers, illustration, 193.


Bailey, General, at Newbury, 44. Bailey, Phineas, 225.


311


312


HISTORY OF VERMONT


Baker, Remember, reward offered for, 81.


Banks, agitation for, 158; bank measure vetoed, 159; establish- ment of, in 1806, 159; incor- poration of, 225.


Barnard, fort at, during Revolu- tion, 106.


Barton, General, builds sawmill, 167.


Barton Landing, 168; fight with smugglers at, 189.


Barton River, Indian route along, 18; followed by Rogers's rangers, 32.


Barton, settlement of, 167; river used by settlers, 168.


Baum, at Bennington, 101 ; tactics of, 103-104.


Beach, Major, 92.


Beaver, hunted by Indians, 12; move northward, 144.


Bees, logging, clearing, etc., 203, 205, 209; cooperative element in, 209; social element in, 209. Bellows Falls, Indian inscription near, 11.


Bennington, grant and settlement of, 47-48; action of, regarding disputed titles, 76; leadership of, 77; military stores at, 100; battle of, 103-106; portrait of veterans of, 103; estimate of battle at, 105; memorial monu- inent at, 107; newspaper estab- lished at, 157.


Berkshire, removal of women and children from, 109.


Bethel, fort at, during Revolution, 106.


Beverages, 57. Bibliography, 286-289.


Bill of credit, facsimile of, 158. Blacksmithing, 142.


Black Snake, smuggling boat, 186. Boston, market for settlers, 151. Brattleboro, Indian rock at, 10. Breakenridge, attack on farm of,77. Breweries, built by lottery, 162. Breyman, commander of British reserve, 101 ; sent to reënforce Baum, 103, 104.


Bridges, built by lottery, 162; bridge over which Hessians marched to Bennington, illustra- tion of, 97.


Burgoyne, extract from letter of, 90; invasion by, 98; captures Ticonderoga, 98; march of, ob- structed, 100; proclamation of, 107 ; details division to capture supplies, 101 ; terror caused by invasion of, 108, 109.


Burke, early settlers of, 165.


Burlington, threatened attack on, 175 ; field officers meet at, 238 ; old view of, 218; college estab- lished at, 155; lumber trade at, 217. . Butchering, 206.


Cabinet work in 1810, 142.


Caledonia County, early growth of, 164; settled by Scotch, 164; how named, 165.


Calumet, 10.


Canada, invasion of, 94; retreat from, 94 ; project to invade, 132 ; winter trade to, 147; attempted invasion of, 173.


313


INDEX


Canadians set fire to barracks at Derby, 187.


Canals, 217, 219.


Candle making, 60.


Carding mills, 152, 153.


Carleton, British commander, abandons Montreal, 94; cap- tures Crown Point, 96; threat- ens Ticonderoga, 96; returns to Canada, 96.


Cartier, enters the St. Lawrence, 1 ; at llochelaga, 2.


Castleton, rendezvous for volun- teers, 91 ; retreat through, 98, 99. Catamount Tavern, 47, 79 ; illus- trations of, 78, 79, 80.


Cattle, smuggling of, 188-190; breeds of, 216.


Caughnawaga Indians, market of, 169 ; claim to land in Vermont, 169-170.


Chaise, one-horse, illustration of, 210.


Chambly, Falls of, 3, 95.


Champlain, Samuel de, extract from journal of, 1, 3; discovery of Vermont by, 3; battle with Iroquois, 4.


Champlain Valley, archæology of, 6, 8; scouting in, 24, 29; mili- tary posts in, 90; campaign of 1777 in, 96, 98-99; in War of 1812, 173, 174; canal in, 217, 219.


Charleston, Indian visits to, 5; settlement of, 167.


Charlestown, N. Il. See Fort Number Four.


Cheese basket, 214; press, 215; factory system, 215.


Chimney Point, stone fort at, 24; evacuation of, 29; settlement near, 49.


Chisels, Indian manufacture of, 8; illustrations of, 7.


Chittenden, Martin, Federalist governor, 176, 191.


Chittenden, Thomas, letter to Con- gress, 120; negotiations with British, 131 ; character and serv- ices of, 139. Chronological table, 289-295. Churches, 61, 147.


Circulars of educational informa- tion, 265.


Civil War, 234-254; Vermont's preparation for, 236; military equipment in 1861, 237; attack on Fort Sumter, 237; popular feeling, 237 ; private donations, 237; tactics, field of action, ar- mies of the North and South, 240; first Vermont regiment, 241 ; succeeding regiments, 241 ; serv- ice of the "Old Brigade," 241- 242; Peninsular campaign, 242 ; second Bull Run campaign, 244 ; McClellan superseded by Burn- side, 245; storming of Marye's Heights, 245; Hooker succeeds Burnside, 245; Lee invades the North, 246; Gettysburg, 246- 247; General Grant assumes command of Union armies, 248; campaigns under Grant, 248; Shenandoah Valley, 249; Sheri- dan's ride, 249; Sherman's march through the South, 249; Lee surrenders, 250; Vermont's con- tribution to the war, 251-253;


314


HISTORY OF VERMONT


losses of Vermont troops, 252, 253; McMahon on Vermont troops, 251 ; Sheridan's eulogy of Vermont soldiers, 253; effects of war on industrial conditions, 255-257.


Clark, Admiral, birthplace of, 271 ; services of, as captain, 271.


Clinton, Governor George, grants land in Vermont, 68.


Clinton, Sir Henry, letter to, from Lord Germaine, 1 32.


Clyde River, trout in, 167. Cobblers, 142, 207.


Cohasse intervals, 5; Indians stop at, with captives, 22; Rogers's party at, 33; attract settlers, 49-50.


Coinage in Vermont, 159.


Coins, early Vermont, description of, 159-161 ; illustrations of, 160. Colchester, ornamental jar found at, 9, 10. Cold Harbor, battle of, 248.


Cold seasons of 1813 and 1816, 168, 197-199.


Colleges previous to 1812, 155. Colonial politics, 13-15.


Colonization, English and French methods of, 15-17.


Committees, service of, in Ver- mont, 82, 84; in Revolution, 82, 84.


Committee system'as a revolution- ary organization, 82.


Committee of Correspondence, of Dummerston, 86; of Boston, 91.


Committee of Safety, Massachu- setts, 91.


Communal organization, examples of, 58.


Confiance, the, 179.


Congress, Continental, vote to pay Green Mountain Boys for serv- ices, 93; attitude of, on ques- tion of admitting Vermont to Union, 127, 136, 138; influence of Germaine letter on, 133. Congressional Districts, 298.


Connecticut, 46; settlers from, 47, 48, 86; patriots in, plan to take Ticonderoga, 91.


Conventions, 84; constitutional, 113-117; nature and origin of, 119, n.


Cooperation throughout all social organization, 194-195.


Coos meadows, or Cohasse inter- vals, 5; Indians with captives stop at, 22; Rogers's party at, 33; attract settlers, 49, 50. Coosuck Indians, branch of Algon- quins, 5.


Copper articles used by Indians, 10; illustrations of, 8.


Corinth, fort at, during Revolution, 106.


Corn, shellers, 205; husking, 205; games with, 205.


Cotton, 151 ; amount used in 1810, 153; invention of cotton gin, 153; cotton wool, 153. Council of Safety, 79, 82. Counterfeiting, 157, 161.


Counties, 163; under New York, 277 ; formation of present, 277. Courthouses, building of, 162, 191. Coventry, famine in, 168. Crab Island Shoal, 176.


315


INDEX


Craftsbury, smugglers' cattle guarded at, 189.


Crampton's Gap, battle of, 244. Crawford Notch, route through, 166.


Crops, failure of, in 1816, 198-199; diversity of early, 201-202. Cross, James, diary of, 39. Crown Point, captured by Warner, 93; American fleet overtaken at, 96; captured by Carleton, 96.


Crystal Lake, point on Indian route, 18; Rogers stops at, 32 ; old Indian camping ground, 167. Cumberland County, roads in, 43 ; court of, 87.


Cumberland Ilead, 176.


Dairy products in 1840, 215; mod- ern dairy system, 258-259.


Danby, training school for teach- ers at, 155.


Davenport, Thomas, electrical in- ventions of, 225.


Debtors, 125; legislation for, 126. Deerfield, raid on, 21.


Delaplace, commander at Ticon- deroga, 93.


Derby in War of 1812, 173, 174, ISO, 187, 188.


Dewey, Admiral, services of, as commodore, 270 ; illustration of, birthplace of, 270.


Dishes, wooden, 194.


Disorder in Rutland and Windsor counties, 126.


Distaff, 151.


Dorset, regiment formed at, 94; constitutional conventions at,


113-114; manufacture of mar- ble fireplace stones at, 148.


Dummer, Fort, building of, 25-27 ; Captain Kellogg at, 28; scouting parties of, 27-29, 41 ; life at, 36. Dummerston, leads movement against royal authority, 86; chooses committee of corre- spondence, 86.


Dutch settle at Manhattan, 13. Dyes, homemade vegetable, 208.


Eagle, The, 175. Echo Pond, 167.


Edmunds, George F., Senator, 229 ;


work fornational university, 230. Education, first schools, 61-63 ; previous to 1812, 154-155; de- velopment of, before Civil War, 226-230; "old red schoolhouse," 227 ; services of " Father" Hall, 228-229; teachers' association, 229; educational work since Civil War, 263-269; normal schools, 265, 267, 268; teachers' institutes, 265; county examina- tions, 266; town system, 267; school buildings, 267; develop- ment of high schools, 267-268; recent legislation, 268. See also Superintendent of education. Electrical inventions, 225.


Embargo, of IS07, effect of, on trade, IS2; of iso8, 183.


English settlers, colonial politics of, 14. " Equivalent lands," 13, 1. Erie Canal, 218-219.


Estey, Jacob, 224; Estey organs, 22.4.


316


HISTORY OF VERMONT


Factory system, development of, 260-261.


Fairbanks, Governor Erastus, on slavery issue, 234, 238; calls special session of legislature, 238.


Fairbanks, Joseph, 223.


Fairbanks, Thaddeus, inventor of scales, 223.


Fairhaven, paper mill at, 146.


Farming, farm property in 1860, 221; early hay farms, 144; dairy farms, 144 ; farm products before 1812, 145; changes in farm implements, 216.


Fay, Stephen, landlord of Cata- mount Tavern, 79.


Fences, board, 59; slash, 201 ; Virginia, 201.


Fireplaces, 59; used for cooking, 60; illustration of, 61 ; in school- houses, 62; in Catamount Tav- ern, 80.


Flannel, home manufacture of, 152; uses of, 152.


Flax, 151; illustration of wheel, 152.


Fly, The, revenue cutter, captures Black Snake, 186.


Foot pans, 203, 204.


Fort Number Four, 20; relief party sent from, 32; Rogers arrives at, 33; Melvin's party calls at, 41 ; road cut from, to Crown Point, 42, 44; settlers obtain supplies from, 50.


Fortifications, remains of Indian, S. Forts, temporarily occupied dur- ing Revolution, 106; French, on Richelieu River, 23; on Isle La


Motte, 23; English at Chimney Point, 24; Dummer, 25-29, 36, 40, 41. See also Crown Point, Ticonderoga, and Fort Number Four.


Franklin, Benjamin, obtains Ger- maine letter, 132.


Franklin County, smuggling through, 190.


French, colonial politics of, 14; methods of colonizing, 15.


French and Indian wars, 13-37; cause of, 15; result of, 46; Indian raids, 20-22; Indian trails, 17- 20; scouting parties, 27-29, 34; Rogers's raid, 30-33. See also St. Francis Indians, Fort Dum- mer, Deerfield, Crown Point, and Stark.


French River, 19.


French, William, shot at West- minster, S8, 89.


Frontier life, 51-65; posts, 22-24. Fruit raising by first settlers, 57, 145. Fur trade, its bearing on colonial politics, 16.


Game, prevalence of, 12; gradual extinction of, 144, 169.


Games, with corn for counters, 205. Garrison, William Lloyd, at Ben- nington, 235. Geographical notes, 273-277. Geological notes, 278-280. Geological wealth, industries de- pending on, 261. George III, GS, 73. Germaine, Lord George, letter to, 90, 107; letter of, 132, 137.


1


INDEX 317


Gettysburg, battle of, 246-247. Glass factory at Lake Dunmore, 147. Gouges, Indian manufacture of, 8. Government, in the New Hamp- shire Grants and in New York, contrasted, 71 ; early form of, in the grants, 81-84. See also Vermont.


Governors of Vermont, list of, 207.


Graham, J. A., Descriptive Sketch of Vermont, 143, n.


Grammar schools and academies, 155 Grand Isle, Indian relics on, 8. Granite industry, 224, 262-263. Granitic Mountains, 274-275.


Grants, number and extent of, in 1765, 50; controversy with New York, 66-89; form of self-gov- ernment, 81-84.


Green Mountains, 5, 274.


Green Mountain Boys, 78; choose their own leaders, 92, 94; cap- ture Ticonderoga, 92-93; fur- ther service of, in Revolutionary War, 94, 95.


Gristmills, 55, 58; tolls taken at, 53. Growler, The, 175.


Haldimand negotiations, 130-133, 1 37.


Ilall, Samuel R., educational pio- neer, 228, 229.


Hamilton, Alexander, publie serv- ices of, 135 ; position of, concern- ing the New York controversy, 135.


Ilampton, General, stationed at Burlington, 175.


Hams, smoking, 206.


Harmon, Reuben, coins copper money, 159.


Harrington, Judge, pronuncia- mento on slavery, 235.


HIart, Miss Emma, teacher, 229.


Harvesting, 205. Ilatchels, 150, 151. Ilay reeve, 58. Ilaying, 202. Ilazen road, the, 44, 45, 164, 188.


Ilochelaga, Indian village of, 2.


Ilog ward, 58.


Homes, early, primitive character of, 54, 58-60.


lIoney, use of, in place of sugar, 56, 57. Hoosac Valley, 47. Horses, Morgan, 215. Hosiery and knit goods, manufac- ' ture of, 260. Houses, brick and mortar, 145- 146. Ilowe, General, 93. Hubbardton, battle of, 98-99.


Indian road, the, 19-20; Melvin's expedition on, 41; cut out by white men as a military road, 42. Indians, degree of civilization of, 11; mode of life of, 11, 12; atti- tudes of, toward the French and English, 16; trails of, 17-20; raids of, 20-22, 108-109; claims of, to land in Vermont, 169-170; peaceful visits of, 5, 168, 169. Industries, rise of, 63; develop- ment of, due to transportation,


318


HISTORY OF VERMONT


140; changes in, after the War of 1812, 140; extractive, 192; or- ganization of, 195; leading, in 1900, 258; analysis of, 258-263. Inscriptions, Indian, 10, II. Insurance companies, 225.


Intelligence, evidence of, in early communities, 61-63, 155-156. Internal improvements, 218. Inventiveness, American, 193-194. Irasburg, smugglers at, 190.


Iron industry, early foundries and forges, 142-144; effect of the War of 1812 on, 143, 174.


Iroquois, battle with Algonquins, 4. Isle La Motte, Arnold at, 95; Brit- ish fleet at, 176.


Itinerant craftsmen, cobblers and weavers, 207.


Jackman, Alonzo, 225. Jails, building of, 191.


Jarvis, William, consul to Portu- gal, sends merino sheep to Ver- mont, 213.


Jay, John, land grant to, 136.


Jefferson, Thomas, visits Vermont, 183; embargo policy of, 183; proclamation of, 184; reply of St. Albans citizens to, 185; rela- tion of, to internal improve- ments, 218.


Jesuit Relations, 17.


Jesuits, work among Indians, 16. Journal of the Times, 235.


Jurisdiction, change of, in New Hampshire Grants, 70-71.


Kellogg, Captain, at Fort Dunner, 28; journal of, 28-29.


Lake Champlain, discovered by Samuel de Champlain, 3; Indian battle on shore of, 4; Indian route on, 19, 20; forts on, 23, 24 ; naval engagements on, 95-96; in War of 1812, 174-181; luni- ber trade on, 149-150; steam navigation on, 149, 183; smug- gling on, 184-186. See also Crown Point and Ticonderoga. Lake George, Burgoyne's portage from, 98.


Lake Meniphremagog, an Indian fishing ground, 168.


Lakes and ponds, 276.


Land tenure in New York and in the New Hampshire Grants, 70- 71. Lead mine, 146.


Lee's Mill, battle of, 241.


Libraries, early town, 155; growth of endowed, 229; spread of, since Civil War, 269.


Lime, early use of, as fertilizer, 144. Lincoln, President, calls for troops, 237, 238.


Linen, process of making, 151; quantity made in 1810, 152, I 54. Linnet, The, 177.


Looms, in 1810, 154; illustration of, with rag carpet, 208.


Lotteries, uses of, 161-162.


Lumber, small value of, to early settlers, 63; early trade in, 149- 150; industry in 1900, 259; busi- ness transition in, 260.


Lyndon, early market for northern towns, 167.


INDEX 319


Macdonough, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, ISI.


Manchester, Stark at, 102 ; schools of, 146.


Manhattan, settlement of, 13. Manufactures, leading, from 1840 to 1900, 307-310.


Manufacturing, in 1860, 221-224; growth of, since 1850, 305.


Map exercises, 280-281.


Maple sugar, early method of making, 56; Indian mode of making, 56; old and modern methods compared, 199-200. Maps, list of, 281.


Marble, quarry at Middlebury, 148; industry before Civil War, 224; industry since Civil War, 261- 262.


Markets, colonial local, 142; at Boston, 151; at Portland, 151; at Montreal, 150, 168, 171; at Quebec, 149, 150, 168, 171; at Albany, 145; at Troy, 144; at New York, 145, 217, 218.


Marsh, George P., minister to Italy, 237.




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