USA > Vermont > A history of Vermont : with geological and geographical notes, bibliography, chronology, maps, and illustrations > Part 19
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Westhaven .
355
Stratton .
271
Westminster
1,295
Sudbury .
474
Westmore
390
Sunderland
518
Weston
756
Sutton
694
West Rutland
2,914
West Windsor
513
Weybridge .
518
Wheelock
567
Thetford
1,249
Whiting .
36.
Tinmouth
404
Whitingham
1,042
Topsham
1,117
Williamstown .
1,610
Townshend
833
Williston
1,176
Troy .
1,467
Wilmington
1,221
Wilmington Village
410
Windham
356
Underhill
1,140
Windsor
2,119
Windsor Village
1,656
Vergennes
1,753
Winhall . 449
Vernon
578
Winooski
3,786
Vershire .
6.41
Wolcott
1,066
Victory
321
Woodbury 862
Woodford
279
Waitsfield
760
Woodstock
2,557
Walden .
764
Woodstock Village 1,284
Wallingford
1,575
Worcester .
636
Swanton
3,745
Swanton Village
1,168
Tunbridge
885
305
APPENDIX
TABLE G
GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING IN VERMONT SINCE 1850 (Census of 1900)
YEAR
NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- MENTS
CAPITAL INVESTED
AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS
AMOUNT OF WAGES PAID
VALUE OF PRODUCT
INCREASE PER CENT IN VALUE OF PRODUCT
1850
1,849
$5,001,377
8,445
#2,202,348
-
1860
1,883
9,498,617
10,497
3,004,986
$8,570,920 14,637,807
70.8
1870
3,270
20,329,637
18,686
6,264,581
32,184,606
119.91
1880
2,874
23,265,224
17,540
5,164,479
31,354,366
- 2.62
1890
3,031
32,763,291
22,119
8,427,553
38,340,066
22.3
1900
4,07 I
48,547,964
29,455
12,237,684
57,623,815
50.4
TABLE H AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY IN VERMONT SINCE 1850 (Census of 1900)
YKAR
NUMBER OF FARMS
ACREAGE
VALUATION OF FARM PROPERTY
VALUE OF PRODUCT
1850
29,763
4,125,822
$78,749,737
1860
31,556
4,274,414
114,196,989
1870
33,827
4,528,804
168,506, 1893
$34,647,0273
1880
35,522
4,882,588
130,811,490
22,082,656
1890
32,573
4,395,646
101,805,370
20,364,980
1900
33,104
4,724,440
108,451,427
33,570,892
1 The cash valuations of this year, and consequently the ratio, should be scaled down about one fifth, owing to the depreciated currency in which the returns were made.
2 Decrease.
3 Diminish one fifth to reduce to a specie basis.
306
HISTORY OF VERMONT
TABLE I
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN 1850 (Census of 1850)
Wool produced
3,400,717 lbs.
Butter
12,137,98o "
Cheese
8,720,834
Maple sugar
6,349,357
Hops
288,023
Beeswax and honey
249,422 "
Flax .
20,852 "
Hay
866, 153 tons
Buckwheat
209,819 bu.
Barley
42, 150 "
Peas and beans
104,649 "
Irish potatoes
4,951,014 "
Orchard products
$315,255
Home-made manufactures
$267,710
Market gardens .
$18.853
307
APPENDIX
TABLE J
I
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1840, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 18.10)
Producing the value of
Wool : fulling mills, 239 2 $1,331,953
manufactories, 95 J
Mills : flouring mills, 7 (4,495 bbls.); sawmills, 1,081; )
oil mills, 20; gristmills, 312
1,083,124
Bricks and lime .
402,218
Leather, saddlery, etc.
361,468
Lumber
346,939
Paper, 17 manufactories
179,720
Carriages and wagons
162,097
Cotton, 7 factories (7,2544 spindles)
1 13,000
Machinery
101,354
Furniture .
83,275
Ships and vessels built
72,000
Hats, caps, and straw bonnets
65,251
Granite, marble, etc.
62,515
Glasshouses, 2 establishments 55,000
Drugs, medicines, paints, and dyes 38, 475
Various metals (not precious metals)
2.4,900
Potteries, 8 establishments
23,000
Hardware, cutlery, etc.
16,650
Value of all manufactures for which figures are given in the census $5,593,842
Total capital invested in manufactures $4,326,440
Employees enumerated
7,000
In addition to the above list of manufactures there were produced 71812 tons of pot and pearl ash ; furs and skins to the value of $1,750; precious metals to the value of $3,000; 39 pounds of silk ; a small amount of flax ; 1,158 small arms ; 50,300 pounds of soap; 28,687 pounds of tallow ; ginseng and forest products, $2, 500; musical instruments, $2,200. There were in the state 29 printing offices, 14 binderies, 2 daily news. papers, 26 weeklies, 2 semi-weeklies, 3 periodicals. There were paper manufactures of playing cards, etc., not included in the list above, amounting to $35,000. There were 261 tanneries which tanned 102,763 sides of sole leather and 102.937 sides of upper leather. There were two distilleries making 3,500 gallons of liquor, and one brewery producing 12,800 gallons. There were two ropewalks making $.4,000 worth of cordage.
308
HISTORY OF VERMONT
II
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1.860, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1860)
Establishments
Producing the value of
Woolen goods
45
$2,936,826
Flour and meal .
123
1,659,898
Leather
108
1,002,853
Marble works
50
946,235
Sawed lumber
404
901,519
Marble quarries
16
715,550
Machinery
24
501,276
Carriages
133
475,060
Boots and shoes
148
440,366
Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware . 60
280,201
Furniture
64
268,735
Clothing
39
250,669
Iron castings .
18
231,230
Blacksmithing
167
207,786
Slate quarrying
14
207, 150
Industries producing over $200,000 are given.
III
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN IS70, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1870)
Establishments
Producing the value of
Woolen goods
43
$3,550,962
Sawed lumber
347
3,142,307
Planed lumber
13
2,526,228
Flouring mills
2,071,594
Scales and balances
1,629,000
Tanned leather .
86
1,249,942
Marble and stone work
29
960,984
Carriages and sleds
169
$39,029
Leather, curried
6.4
762,571
Machinery
37 7
Boots and shoes
20
547,789
Cotton goods
8
546,510
Furniture
47
540,521
Agricultural implements
45
523,669
Sashes, doors, and blinds
43
518,125
Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware . 97
505,005
2
756,0So
Hosiery
551,129
Industries producing over $500,000 are given.
309
APPENDIX
IV
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1880, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1880)
Establishments
Producing the value of
Sawed lumber
688
$3,258,816
Woolen goods
44
3,217,807
Flouring and grist mills
227
3,038,688
Planed lumber
IS
2,709,522
Scales and balances
3
2,080,474
Marble and stone work
69
1,303,790
Mixed textiles
7
1,277,903
Paper, not specified
13
1,237,484
Tanned leather .
53
1,084,503
Cotton goods
8
915,864
Foundry and machine shops
45
783,828
Agricultural implements
35
718,455
Musical instruments, organs, and materials
2
680,800
Hosiery and knit goods
6
595,270
Curried leather .
24
530,337
Industries producing over $500,000 are given.
V
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1890, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1890)
Establishments
Producing the value of
Lumber, and other mill products from logs or bolts
736
$6,843,817
Flouring and grist mills 217
2,890,174
Woolen goods
29
2,723,683
Paper
14
2,289,901
Planing-mill products
31
1,868,760
Marble and stone work 46
1,656,637
Cheese, butter, and condensed milk 123
1,602,641
Monuments and tombstones 96
1,492,384
Foundry and machine shops 61
1,199,007
Hosiery and knit goods . 10
1,105,958
Cotton goods
914,685
Carpentering
76
843,795
Musical instruments
3 794,346
l'atent medicines and compounds 13
777,111
Industries producing over $750,000 are given.
310
HISTORY OF VERMONT
VI
THE LEADING MANUFACTURES IN 1900, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE (Census of 1900)
Establishments
Producing the value of
Lumber and timber 658
$6,131,808
Cheese, butter, and condensed milk
255
5,656,265
Monuments and tombstones
268
4,045,611
Paper and wood pulp
27
3,384,773
Flouring and grist mills
211
3,222,347
Planing-mill products, including sashes, doors, and blinds 46
2,598,581
Woolen goods
23
2,572,646
Marble and stone work
54 61
2,484,551
Patent medicines and compounds
24
2,125,016
Hosiery and knit goods
14
1,834,685
Furniture factories
2.4
1,252,742
Carpentering
78
1,245,507
Foundry and machine shops
2, 185,510
Industries producing over $1,000,000 are given.
INDEX
Abenakis Indians, 5. Adams, J. Q., 138, 235.
Agriculture, transition in, between 1812 and Civil War, 213-217; since 1850, 306.
Albany, N.Y., trial of cases at, 75, 76; market at, for settlers, 145. Algonquins, battle with Iroquois, 4. Allen, Ebenezer, frees Dinah Mat- tis, 234.
Allen, Ethan, 75; characteristics of, 78-79; reward offered for, 80; leads attack on Ticonderoga, 91 ; line of march, 92; demands surrender, 93 ; taken prisoner at Montreal, 94; sent to England, 94; returned to New York, 94; ordered to suppress riots in Windham County, 124; ap- proached by British, 130 ; writes to Congress, 131 ; death of, 135. Allen, Ira, on Haldimand negotia- tions, 132-133.
American Institute of Instruction, 220.
American Revolution, bearing of, on situation in the New Hamp- shire Grants, 90, 111-114, 117- 119; share of Vermont in, 90- 106; benefits to Vermont from, 110-112; rapid settlement dur- ing, 122; inducements to set- tlers, 123; Ticonderoga, 91-94;
Crown Point, 93, 96; retreat from Ticonderoga, 98; Hub- bardton, 98-99; Bennington, 103-106. See also Bennington and Burgoyne.
Amherst, General, at Crown Point, 41, 48.
Ammonoosuc, 31, 32. Antietam, battle of, 245.
Appendix, 273-310.
Apple sauce, apple butter, 205.
Arnold, Benedict, joins expedition against Ticonderoga, 91-92; captures British sloop, 93; com- mands American flotilla on Lake Champlain, 95; burns his fleet, 96.
Arrow points, 8; illustrations of, 7, 8, 9.
Arthur, Chester A., illustration of, 225; birthplace of, 224.
Artisans in early communities, 141.
Asheries, 63; at Burke, 165. Ashes, value of, 62, 63, 147, 168. Association of smugglers, 190; of anti-smugglers, 190.
Axes, Indian manufacture of, 10; illustrations of, 9; of settlers, illustration, 193.
Bailey, General, at Newbury, 44. Bailey, Phineas, 225.
311
312
HISTORY OF VERMONT
Baker, Remember, reward offered for, 81.
Banks, agitation for, 158; bank measure vetoed, 159; establish- ment of, in 1806, 159; incor- poration of, 225.
Barnard, fort at, during Revolu- tion, 106.
Barton, General, builds sawmill, 167.
Barton Landing, 168; fight with smugglers at, 189.
Barton River, Indian route along, 18; followed by Rogers's rangers, 32.
Barton, settlement of, 167; river used by settlers, 168.
Baum, at Bennington, 101 ; tactics of, 103-104.
Beach, Major, 92.
Beaver, hunted by Indians, 12; move northward, 144.
Bees, logging, clearing, etc., 203, 205, 209; cooperative element in, 209; social element in, 209. Bellows Falls, Indian inscription near, 11.
Bennington, grant and settlement of, 47-48; action of, regarding disputed titles, 76; leadership of, 77; military stores at, 100; battle of, 103-106; portrait of veterans of, 103; estimate of battle at, 105; memorial monu- inent at, 107; newspaper estab- lished at, 157.
Berkshire, removal of women and children from, 109.
Bethel, fort at, during Revolution, 106.
Beverages, 57. Bibliography, 286-289.
Bill of credit, facsimile of, 158. Blacksmithing, 142.
Black Snake, smuggling boat, 186. Boston, market for settlers, 151. Brattleboro, Indian rock at, 10. Breakenridge, attack on farm of,77. Breweries, built by lottery, 162. Breyman, commander of British reserve, 101 ; sent to reënforce Baum, 103, 104.
Bridges, built by lottery, 162; bridge over which Hessians marched to Bennington, illustra- tion of, 97.
Burgoyne, extract from letter of, 90; invasion by, 98; captures Ticonderoga, 98; march of, ob- structed, 100; proclamation of, 107 ; details division to capture supplies, 101 ; terror caused by invasion of, 108, 109.
Burke, early settlers of, 165.
Burlington, threatened attack on, 175 ; field officers meet at, 238 ; old view of, 218; college estab- lished at, 155; lumber trade at, 217. . Butchering, 206.
Cabinet work in 1810, 142.
Caledonia County, early growth of, 164; settled by Scotch, 164; how named, 165.
Calumet, 10.
Canada, invasion of, 94; retreat from, 94 ; project to invade, 132 ; winter trade to, 147; attempted invasion of, 173.
313
INDEX
Canadians set fire to barracks at Derby, 187.
Canals, 217, 219.
Candle making, 60.
Carding mills, 152, 153.
Carleton, British commander, abandons Montreal, 94; cap- tures Crown Point, 96; threat- ens Ticonderoga, 96; returns to Canada, 96.
Cartier, enters the St. Lawrence, 1 ; at llochelaga, 2.
Castleton, rendezvous for volun- teers, 91 ; retreat through, 98, 99. Catamount Tavern, 47, 79 ; illus- trations of, 78, 79, 80.
Cattle, smuggling of, 188-190; breeds of, 216.
Caughnawaga Indians, market of, 169 ; claim to land in Vermont, 169-170.
Chaise, one-horse, illustration of, 210.
Chambly, Falls of, 3, 95.
Champlain, Samuel de, extract from journal of, 1, 3; discovery of Vermont by, 3; battle with Iroquois, 4.
Champlain Valley, archæology of, 6, 8; scouting in, 24, 29; mili- tary posts in, 90; campaign of 1777 in, 96, 98-99; in War of 1812, 173, 174; canal in, 217, 219.
Charleston, Indian visits to, 5; settlement of, 167.
Charlestown, N. Il. See Fort Number Four.
Cheese basket, 214; press, 215; factory system, 215.
Chimney Point, stone fort at, 24; evacuation of, 29; settlement near, 49.
Chisels, Indian manufacture of, 8; illustrations of, 7.
Chittenden, Martin, Federalist governor, 176, 191.
Chittenden, Thomas, letter to Con- gress, 120; negotiations with British, 131 ; character and serv- ices of, 139. Chronological table, 289-295. Churches, 61, 147.
Circulars of educational informa- tion, 265.
Civil War, 234-254; Vermont's preparation for, 236; military equipment in 1861, 237; attack on Fort Sumter, 237; popular feeling, 237 ; private donations, 237; tactics, field of action, ar- mies of the North and South, 240; first Vermont regiment, 241 ; succeeding regiments, 241 ; serv- ice of the "Old Brigade," 241- 242; Peninsular campaign, 242 ; second Bull Run campaign, 244 ; McClellan superseded by Burn- side, 245; storming of Marye's Heights, 245; Hooker succeeds Burnside, 245; Lee invades the North, 246; Gettysburg, 246- 247; General Grant assumes command of Union armies, 248; campaigns under Grant, 248; Shenandoah Valley, 249; Sheri- dan's ride, 249; Sherman's march through the South, 249; Lee surrenders, 250; Vermont's con- tribution to the war, 251-253;
314
HISTORY OF VERMONT
losses of Vermont troops, 252, 253; McMahon on Vermont troops, 251 ; Sheridan's eulogy of Vermont soldiers, 253; effects of war on industrial conditions, 255-257.
Clark, Admiral, birthplace of, 271 ; services of, as captain, 271.
Clinton, Governor George, grants land in Vermont, 68.
Clinton, Sir Henry, letter to, from Lord Germaine, 1 32.
Clyde River, trout in, 167. Cobblers, 142, 207.
Cohasse intervals, 5; Indians stop at, with captives, 22; Rogers's party at, 33; attract settlers, 49-50.
Coinage in Vermont, 159.
Coins, early Vermont, description of, 159-161 ; illustrations of, 160. Colchester, ornamental jar found at, 9, 10. Cold Harbor, battle of, 248.
Cold seasons of 1813 and 1816, 168, 197-199.
Colleges previous to 1812, 155. Colonial politics, 13-15.
Colonization, English and French methods of, 15-17.
Committees, service of, in Ver- mont, 82, 84; in Revolution, 82, 84.
Committee system'as a revolution- ary organization, 82.
Committee of Correspondence, of Dummerston, 86; of Boston, 91.
Committee of Safety, Massachu- setts, 91.
Communal organization, examples of, 58.
Confiance, the, 179.
Congress, Continental, vote to pay Green Mountain Boys for serv- ices, 93; attitude of, on ques- tion of admitting Vermont to Union, 127, 136, 138; influence of Germaine letter on, 133. Congressional Districts, 298.
Connecticut, 46; settlers from, 47, 48, 86; patriots in, plan to take Ticonderoga, 91.
Conventions, 84; constitutional, 113-117; nature and origin of, 119, n.
Cooperation throughout all social organization, 194-195.
Coos meadows, or Cohasse inter- vals, 5; Indians with captives stop at, 22; Rogers's party at, 33; attract settlers, 49, 50. Coosuck Indians, branch of Algon- quins, 5.
Copper articles used by Indians, 10; illustrations of, 8.
Corinth, fort at, during Revolution, 106.
Corn, shellers, 205; husking, 205; games with, 205.
Cotton, 151 ; amount used in 1810, 153; invention of cotton gin, 153; cotton wool, 153. Council of Safety, 79, 82. Counterfeiting, 157, 161.
Counties, 163; under New York, 277 ; formation of present, 277. Courthouses, building of, 162, 191. Coventry, famine in, 168. Crab Island Shoal, 176.
315
INDEX
Craftsbury, smugglers' cattle guarded at, 189.
Crampton's Gap, battle of, 244. Crawford Notch, route through, 166.
Crops, failure of, in 1816, 198-199; diversity of early, 201-202. Cross, James, diary of, 39. Crown Point, captured by Warner, 93; American fleet overtaken at, 96; captured by Carleton, 96.
Crystal Lake, point on Indian route, 18; Rogers stops at, 32 ; old Indian camping ground, 167. Cumberland County, roads in, 43 ; court of, 87.
Cumberland Ilead, 176.
Dairy products in 1840, 215; mod- ern dairy system, 258-259.
Danby, training school for teach- ers at, 155.
Davenport, Thomas, electrical in- ventions of, 225.
Debtors, 125; legislation for, 126. Deerfield, raid on, 21.
Delaplace, commander at Ticon- deroga, 93.
Derby in War of 1812, 173, 174, ISO, 187, 188.
Dewey, Admiral, services of, as commodore, 270 ; illustration of, birthplace of, 270.
Dishes, wooden, 194.
Disorder in Rutland and Windsor counties, 126.
Distaff, 151.
Dorset, regiment formed at, 94; constitutional conventions at,
113-114; manufacture of mar- ble fireplace stones at, 148.
Dummer, Fort, building of, 25-27 ; Captain Kellogg at, 28; scouting parties of, 27-29, 41 ; life at, 36. Dummerston, leads movement against royal authority, 86; chooses committee of corre- spondence, 86.
Dutch settle at Manhattan, 13. Dyes, homemade vegetable, 208.
Eagle, The, 175. Echo Pond, 167.
Edmunds, George F., Senator, 229 ;
work fornational university, 230. Education, first schools, 61-63 ; previous to 1812, 154-155; de- velopment of, before Civil War, 226-230; "old red schoolhouse," 227 ; services of " Father" Hall, 228-229; teachers' association, 229; educational work since Civil War, 263-269; normal schools, 265, 267, 268; teachers' institutes, 265; county examina- tions, 266; town system, 267; school buildings, 267; develop- ment of high schools, 267-268; recent legislation, 268. See also Superintendent of education. Electrical inventions, 225.
Embargo, of IS07, effect of, on trade, IS2; of iso8, 183.
English settlers, colonial politics of, 14. " Equivalent lands," 13, 1. Erie Canal, 218-219.
Estey, Jacob, 224; Estey organs, 22.4.
316
HISTORY OF VERMONT
Factory system, development of, 260-261.
Fairbanks, Governor Erastus, on slavery issue, 234, 238; calls special session of legislature, 238.
Fairbanks, Joseph, 223.
Fairbanks, Thaddeus, inventor of scales, 223.
Fairhaven, paper mill at, 146.
Farming, farm property in 1860, 221; early hay farms, 144; dairy farms, 144 ; farm products before 1812, 145; changes in farm implements, 216.
Fay, Stephen, landlord of Cata- mount Tavern, 79.
Fences, board, 59; slash, 201 ; Virginia, 201.
Fireplaces, 59; used for cooking, 60; illustration of, 61 ; in school- houses, 62; in Catamount Tav- ern, 80.
Flannel, home manufacture of, 152; uses of, 152.
Flax, 151; illustration of wheel, 152.
Fly, The, revenue cutter, captures Black Snake, 186.
Foot pans, 203, 204.
Fort Number Four, 20; relief party sent from, 32; Rogers arrives at, 33; Melvin's party calls at, 41 ; road cut from, to Crown Point, 42, 44; settlers obtain supplies from, 50.
Fortifications, remains of Indian, S. Forts, temporarily occupied dur- ing Revolution, 106; French, on Richelieu River, 23; on Isle La
Motte, 23; English at Chimney Point, 24; Dummer, 25-29, 36, 40, 41. See also Crown Point, Ticonderoga, and Fort Number Four.
Franklin, Benjamin, obtains Ger- maine letter, 132.
Franklin County, smuggling through, 190.
French, colonial politics of, 14; methods of colonizing, 15.
French and Indian wars, 13-37; cause of, 15; result of, 46; Indian raids, 20-22; Indian trails, 17- 20; scouting parties, 27-29, 34; Rogers's raid, 30-33. See also St. Francis Indians, Fort Dum- mer, Deerfield, Crown Point, and Stark.
French River, 19.
French, William, shot at West- minster, S8, 89.
Frontier life, 51-65; posts, 22-24. Fruit raising by first settlers, 57, 145. Fur trade, its bearing on colonial politics, 16.
Game, prevalence of, 12; gradual extinction of, 144, 169.
Games, with corn for counters, 205. Garrison, William Lloyd, at Ben- nington, 235. Geographical notes, 273-277. Geological notes, 278-280. Geological wealth, industries de- pending on, 261. George III, GS, 73. Germaine, Lord George, letter to, 90, 107; letter of, 132, 137.
1
INDEX 317
Gettysburg, battle of, 246-247. Glass factory at Lake Dunmore, 147. Gouges, Indian manufacture of, 8. Government, in the New Hamp- shire Grants and in New York, contrasted, 71 ; early form of, in the grants, 81-84. See also Vermont.
Governors of Vermont, list of, 207.
Graham, J. A., Descriptive Sketch of Vermont, 143, n.
Grammar schools and academies, 155 Grand Isle, Indian relics on, 8. Granite industry, 224, 262-263. Granitic Mountains, 274-275.
Grants, number and extent of, in 1765, 50; controversy with New York, 66-89; form of self-gov- ernment, 81-84.
Green Mountains, 5, 274.
Green Mountain Boys, 78; choose their own leaders, 92, 94; cap- ture Ticonderoga, 92-93; fur- ther service of, in Revolutionary War, 94, 95.
Gristmills, 55, 58; tolls taken at, 53. Growler, The, 175.
Haldimand negotiations, 130-133, 1 37.
Ilall, Samuel R., educational pio- neer, 228, 229.
Hamilton, Alexander, publie serv- ices of, 135 ; position of, concern- ing the New York controversy, 135.
Ilampton, General, stationed at Burlington, 175.
Hams, smoking, 206.
Harmon, Reuben, coins copper money, 159.
Harrington, Judge, pronuncia- mento on slavery, 235.
HIart, Miss Emma, teacher, 229.
Harvesting, 205. Ilatchels, 150, 151. Ilay reeve, 58. Ilaying, 202. Ilazen road, the, 44, 45, 164, 188.
Ilochelaga, Indian village of, 2.
Ilog ward, 58.
Homes, early, primitive character of, 54, 58-60.
lIoney, use of, in place of sugar, 56, 57. Hoosac Valley, 47. Horses, Morgan, 215. Hosiery and knit goods, manufac- ' ture of, 260. Houses, brick and mortar, 145- 146. Ilowe, General, 93. Hubbardton, battle of, 98-99.
Indian road, the, 19-20; Melvin's expedition on, 41; cut out by white men as a military road, 42. Indians, degree of civilization of, 11; mode of life of, 11, 12; atti- tudes of, toward the French and English, 16; trails of, 17-20; raids of, 20-22, 108-109; claims of, to land in Vermont, 169-170; peaceful visits of, 5, 168, 169. Industries, rise of, 63; develop- ment of, due to transportation,
318
HISTORY OF VERMONT
140; changes in, after the War of 1812, 140; extractive, 192; or- ganization of, 195; leading, in 1900, 258; analysis of, 258-263. Inscriptions, Indian, 10, II. Insurance companies, 225.
Intelligence, evidence of, in early communities, 61-63, 155-156. Internal improvements, 218. Inventiveness, American, 193-194. Irasburg, smugglers at, 190.
Iron industry, early foundries and forges, 142-144; effect of the War of 1812 on, 143, 174.
Iroquois, battle with Algonquins, 4. Isle La Motte, Arnold at, 95; Brit- ish fleet at, 176.
Itinerant craftsmen, cobblers and weavers, 207.
Jackman, Alonzo, 225. Jails, building of, 191.
Jarvis, William, consul to Portu- gal, sends merino sheep to Ver- mont, 213.
Jay, John, land grant to, 136.
Jefferson, Thomas, visits Vermont, 183; embargo policy of, 183; proclamation of, 184; reply of St. Albans citizens to, 185; rela- tion of, to internal improve- ments, 218.
Jesuit Relations, 17.
Jesuits, work among Indians, 16. Journal of the Times, 235.
Jurisdiction, change of, in New Hampshire Grants, 70-71.
Kellogg, Captain, at Fort Dunner, 28; journal of, 28-29.
Lake Champlain, discovered by Samuel de Champlain, 3; Indian battle on shore of, 4; Indian route on, 19, 20; forts on, 23, 24 ; naval engagements on, 95-96; in War of 1812, 174-181; luni- ber trade on, 149-150; steam navigation on, 149, 183; smug- gling on, 184-186. See also Crown Point and Ticonderoga. Lake George, Burgoyne's portage from, 98.
Lake Meniphremagog, an Indian fishing ground, 168.
Lakes and ponds, 276.
Land tenure in New York and in the New Hampshire Grants, 70- 71. Lead mine, 146.
Lee's Mill, battle of, 241.
Libraries, early town, 155; growth of endowed, 229; spread of, since Civil War, 269.
Lime, early use of, as fertilizer, 144. Lincoln, President, calls for troops, 237, 238.
Linen, process of making, 151; quantity made in 1810, 152, I 54. Linnet, The, 177.
Looms, in 1810, 154; illustration of, with rag carpet, 208.
Lotteries, uses of, 161-162.
Lumber, small value of, to early settlers, 63; early trade in, 149- 150; industry in 1900, 259; busi- ness transition in, 260.
Lyndon, early market for northern towns, 167.
INDEX 319
Macdonough, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, ISI.
Manchester, Stark at, 102 ; schools of, 146.
Manhattan, settlement of, 13. Manufactures, leading, from 1840 to 1900, 307-310.
Manufacturing, in 1860, 221-224; growth of, since 1850, 305.
Map exercises, 280-281.
Maple sugar, early method of making, 56; Indian mode of making, 56; old and modern methods compared, 199-200. Maps, list of, 281.
Marble, quarry at Middlebury, 148; industry before Civil War, 224; industry since Civil War, 261- 262.
Markets, colonial local, 142; at Boston, 151; at Portland, 151; at Montreal, 150, 168, 171; at Quebec, 149, 150, 168, 171; at Albany, 145; at Troy, 144; at New York, 145, 217, 218.
Marsh, George P., minister to Italy, 237.
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