USA > Vermont > Records of the Council of Safety and Governor and Council of the State of Vermont, to which are prefixed the records of the General Conventions from July 1775 to December 1777, Vol. I > Part 5
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36th. Voted, That Doct. Jonas Fay, Capt. Samuel Wright, Major Jer- emiah Clark, Colo Timothy Brownson, Colo William Marsh, Capt. Jo- seph Bowker, Colo Thomas Chittenden, Capt. Heman Allen, Capt. Will- iam Fitch, Capt. Micah Veal, [Vail,] Lieut. Samuel Benton, and Capt. Ira Allen, be a Committee to attend this Convention at its next sitting.1 And it is recommended for each Town to send one more Delegate.
37th. Voted, That Doct. Jonas Fay, Colo William Marsh and Doct. Reuben Jones be a Committee to draw a Petition to send to the Honble Continental Congress ; and report to a Committee to be appointed to examine the same.
38th. Voted, That Nathan Clark, Esq., Col. Seth Warner, Captain Heman Allen be a Committee to examine the aforesaid Petition.
39th. Voted, To adjourn to 8 o'clock to-morrow morning at this place.
1136371
SATURDAY MORNING S o'clock, Sept. 28th, 1776.
The Meeting opened at time and place.
40th. Noted, To refer the examination of the Petition to the Conti- nental Congress till our next meeting ; then to fill up the Committee for that purpose.
41st. Voted, That four men be appointed as delegates to go to the Continental Congress with a Petition or such directions as this Conven- tion shall give them.
42d. Voted, That Doct. Jonas Fay, Colo Thomas Chittenden, in con- junction with two more to be appointed, be a Committee for that pur- pose.
43d. Voted, That Colo Seth Warner, Capt. Heman Allen, Capt. Gid- eon Brownson, Mr. Ebenezer Hoisington, Capt. Abner Seeley, and Doct. Jonas Fay be a Committee to prepare a Citation to send to the State of New-York to know if they have any objection against our being a Separate State from them : and make report as soon as may be.2
44th. Voted, That as it appears that the Town of Arlington are prin- cipally Tories, yet the Friends of Liberty are ordered to warn a Meeting and choose a Committee of Safety and conduct as other Towns ; if they meet with opposition to make application to the Committees of Safety of the neighboring Towns for assistance.
1 The number is twelve, and its office was advisory, and to prepare bu- siness. It was the initiation of the body styled in the Constitution the "Council." It will be observed that, in the report of the committee at the next session, the body of delegates elected was styled "the House."
See similar vote of Oct. 30, 1776.
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General Conventions.
45th, Voted, That no person be admitted to act in choosing Commit- tees of Safety but those that sign the Association from this Convention and acknowledge the authority of the Committees of Safety.
46th. Voted, Colo Benja Carpenter of Guilford do notify Guilford, Hinsdale and Halifax. Capt. Francis Whitmore of Marlborough notify Draper, Cumberland, Marlborough and Brattleborough. Lieut. Leonard Spaulding of Dummerston and Capt. Samuel Fletcher notify Towns- hend, Putney, New-Fane and Dummerston. Mr. Ebenezer Hoisington of Windsor notify Windsor. Hertford, Woodstock, Hartford and Pomfret. Nath' Robinson, Esq., of Westminster, notify Westminster and Weath- ersfield. Doet. Reuben Jones of Rockingham notify Rockingham and Springfield. Mr. Edward Aiken of Kent notify Kent and Chester.1
47th. Voted to adjourn this Convention to Wednesday, the 30th Octr next, to be held at the Court house in Westminster, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon.
JOSEPH BOWKER, Chairman. A true copy from the original.
Attest JONAS FAY, Clerk.
ADJOURNED SESSION AT WESTMINSTER,
OCTOBER 30, 1776.
[From the manuscript copy of the lon. JAMES H. PHELPS, published in Vi. Hist. Soc. Col- lections, Vol. 1.]
NEW HAMPSHIRE GRANTS.
Convention WESTMINSTER COURT HOUSE, October 30th, 1776. ) opened aceord- ing to adjournment.
PRESENT THE FOLLOWING MEMBERS.
Benning-
Rocking- ham, Doetr. Reuben Jones. ton, Nathan Clark, Esq.
Man- Colo. Wm. Marsh.
Dum- S Lient. Leonard Spalding, merston, Mr. Joseph Hildreth.
chester,
Pollet, Capt. Wm. Fitch.
West- Mr. Joshua Webb,
Rutland. Capt. Joseph Bowker.
minster, Nath'l Robinson, Esq.
Colchester, Capt. Ira Allen. Marl- Capt. Franeis Whitmore. borough,
Bromley [or Capt. William Utley.
Peru.]
Towns- Capt. Sam'I Fletcher. hend.
Windsor, Mr. Ebenezer Hoisington. Kent, 7 [or Mr. Edward Aiken. London- derry,] J
Putney, Dennis Loekland. Chester, Colo Thomas Chandler.
1 On the preceding day provision had been made for notifying Glouces- ter county. This provided for notice to the towns in Cumberland county.
37
Adjourned Session at Westminster, Oct. 30, 1776.
1 st. Voted, Capt. Ira Allen, Clerk.
2d. Voted, That Nathaniel Robinson, Esq., Mr. Solomon Phelps, and Colo William Marsh be a Committee to go to the Clerk of the County Committee of Safety for this county and get the records of sd Commit- tee concerning sending Delegates to the Convention of the State of New York.
34. Voted, That Mr. Ebenezer Hoisington, Mr. Joshua Webb, Capt. Ira Allen, Capt. William Fitch and Doet. Reuben Jones be a Committee to draw a plan for further proceedings of this Convention ; and make a re- port as soon as may be.
4th. Voted, To adjourn this Convention till 8 o'clock to morrow morn- ing, to be held at this place.
THURSDAY MORNING, 8 o'clock.
Meeting opened according to adjournment.
5th. Voted, To adjourn this meeting one hour at this place.
Meeting opened according to adjournment.
6th. Voted, That Doctr Reuben Jones and Colo William Marsh be a Committee to invite Capt. Clay and Doctr Day to sit with this Conven- tion as spectators. 1 7th. Voted, To adjourn this Convention till 8 o'clock to morrow morn- ing, at this place.
FRIDAY MORNING, 8 o'clock.
Meeting opened according to adjournment.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF PROCEEDINGS.
It is the opinion of this Committee that, by the reasons of the incur- sions of the Enemy,2 and that the Militia of this State have lately been called, and are now going to the relief of their distressed Brethren at Ti- conderoga, and the Northern frontiers of this State, and that several of the Members of this Convention are more immediately called on to the relief of their families, &e., which has so far taken up our attention, and the attention of the People at large, that we have not collected the full sentiments of the People.
It is not proper, therefore, to proceed to complete the Petition to the Honble the Grand Council of the United States of America, or to fill up the Committee for the purpose of delivering Sd Petition.
That an answer be made to a Pamphlet dated the 2d October, 1776, and sent from the Honble the Provincial Congress of the State of New- York to the County of Cumberland, and with Sd answer a Pamphlet set- ting forth the advantages that would arise to the people at large on the district of the New-Hampshire Grants, by forming into a separate State, be wrote, printed and communicated to the inhabitants as soon as may be.3
1 Capt. James Clay was chairman, and Doct. Elkanah Day a member of the Cumberland County Committee of Safety.
2 Referring to the destruction by the British of the American naval force on Lake Champlain, and the then expected attack on Ticonderoga by Gen. Carleton. HILAND HALL suggests that the alarm prevailing on account of that invasion prevented this Convention from declaring a separation from New York .- Vt. Hist. Soc. Collections, vol. I, p. 34.
8 See Appendix B.
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General Conventions.
That a Manifesto be put in the public newspapers setting forth the reasons, in easy terms, why we choose not to connect with New-York. 1
The aforesaid report is humbly presented to the House by Order of the Committee.
WM. FITCH, Chairman.
8th. Voted, To accept the above report.
9th. Voted, That a petition be drawn to send to the Honble Provincial Congress of the State of New-York, requesting their approbation for the district of the New-Hampshire Grants to form themselves into a State separate from N. York.
10th. Voted. That Colo William Marsh, Capt Ira Allen and Mr. Solo- mon Phelps be a Committee to make the above writings. 2
11th. Voted, That Major Abijah Lovejoy. Colo Wm. Marsh, Capt. Ira Allen, Colo Jacob Bailey, Mr. Solomon Phelps, Major Joseph Tyler, Colo Benjamin Carpenter, Mr. Benjamin Emmons, Mr. Elijah Olcott, Doct. Reuben Jones, and Mr. Daniel Jewett be a Committee to go through Cumberland and Gloucester Counties to carry the proceedings of this Convention and to complete getting the associations formed by this Convention signed and collected to the Clerk of this Convention at their next sitting.
12th. Voted, That it be and it is hereby recommended to each Member of this Convention to assist the above Committee as much as in them lics.
13th. Voted, That Doct. Jonas Fay be added to the Committee to make the above Petition.
14th. Voted, That Solomon Phelps write a letter to Colo Jacob Bailey, desiring him to assist the above Committee.
15th. Voted, To adjourn this Convention to the third Wednesday of January next at 10 o'clock in the Morning, to be held at this place.
JOSEPH BOWKER, Chairman.
Attest, IRA ALLEN, Clerk.
A true copy from the original.
ADJOURNED SESSION AT WESTMINSTER,
JANUARY 15, 1777.
[The following journal, which ends with the words "Ilth. Voted, N. C. D., to accept the above re- port," is found in Slade's State Papers, page 68 to 70. The residue of the journal is from the manuscript of the Hon. JAMES H. PHELPS, as published in Vermont Historical Society Collections, Vol. I.]
N. HAMPSHIRE GRANTS. Convention opened WESTMINSTER COURT HOUSE. January 15th , 1777. 5 according toadjourn- ment. Present the following Members :
Capt. JOSEPH BOWKER in the Chair.
1st. Voted, Doct. REUBEN JONES, Clerk. P. Tempore.
1 See Appendix C.
This petition to New York, if prepared, seems never to have been sent. Sce similar vote of Sept. 25, 1776-the 43d vote.
39
Adjourned Session at Westminster, Jan. 15, 1777.
Nathan Clark, Esq.,
Towns-
hend, Capt. Saml. Fletcher.
Chester, Col. Thomas Chandler. Rocking- ( Dr. Reuben Jones,
Man-
chester, Lient. Martin Powell.
Castleton, Capt John Hall.
Windsor, Mr. Eben. Hosington.1
Hartford, Mr. Stephen Tilden.
Colchester, Capt. Ira Allen.
Wood- stock, Mr. Benjamin Emmons.
Rutland,
( Capt. Joseph Bowker, Capt. Heman Allen.
Norwich Maj. Thomas Moredock, Mr. Jacob Burton.
Dummerston, Lt. Leonard Spaulding.
By aletter from said town
Putney, Lt. Dennis Lockland.
Pomfret, voting for a new state. West- 5 Nathan'l Robinson, Esq.,
minster, Mr. Joshua Webb.
Barnard,
By ditto and ditto.
Royalton,
By ditto and ditto.
24. Voted, To adjourn this convention to eight o'clock to morrow morning at this place.
THURSDAY, eight o'clock.
Convention opened according to adjournment.
Major Joseph Williams and lieutenant Nathaniel Seeley from Pownal took their seats.
31. Voted, That Dr. Reuben Jones be an assistant clerk to Capt Ira Allen, he at this time being present.
4th. Voted, That Lieut. Leonard Spaulding, Mr. Ebenezer Hosington 1 and Major Thomas Moredock be a committee to examine into the num- bers that have voted for the district of the New Hampshire Grants to be a separate state from New York, and how many are known to be against it, and make report to this convention as soon as may be.
REPORT OF SAID COMMITTEE.
" We find by examination that more than three-fourths of the people in Cumberland and Gloucester counties, that have acted, are for a new state ; the rest we view as neuters. By order of the convention, EBENEZER HOSINGTON,1 Chairman."
5th. Voted, To adjourn this convention one hour, at this place.
Convention opened at time and place.
6th. Voted, N. C. D., That the district of land commonly called and known by the name of New-Hampshire Grants, be a new and separate state ; and for the future conduct themselves as such.
7th. Voted, That Nathan Clark, Esq., Mr. Ebenezer Hosington, Capt. John Burnham, Mr. Jacob Burton, and Col. Thomas Chittenden, be a committee to prepare a draught for a declaration, for a new and sepa- rate state ; and report to this convention as soon as may be.
8th. Voted, That Capt. Ira Allen, Col. Thomas Chandler, Doctor Reu- ben Jones, Mr. Stephen Tilden, and Mr. Nathan Clark, jun., be a com-
1 This name is given as in the copy. The true name is Hoisington, of which name there were two persons at this period, Ebenezer and Major Joab.
Benning- 1 Capt. John Burnham, ton, Mr. Nathan Clark, Jun.
ham, Lient. Moses Wright.
Williston, Col. Thomas Chittenden.
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General Conventions.
mittee to draw a plan for further proceedings ; and report to this conven- tion as soon as may be
9th. Voted, to adjourn this meeting to eight o'clock to-morrow morn- ing at this place.
Friday morning, convention opened according to adjournment. The committee appointed to bring in a draught of a declaration, setting forth the right the inhabitants of that district of land, commonly called and known by the name of the New Hampshire Grants, have. to form then- selves into a state or independent government. do make the following re- port to the honorable convention convened at Westminster, January 15th. A. D. 1777, viz.
To the honble convention of representatives from the several towns on the west and east side of the range of Green Mountains, within the New Hampshire Grants. in convention assembled :
Your committee, to whom was referred the form of a declaration set- ting forth the right the inhabitants of said New Hampshire Grants have. to form themselves into a separate and independent state, or govern- ment. beg leave to report viz .:
RIGHT 1. That whenever protection is withheld, no allegiance is due, or can of right be demanded.
2d. That whenever the lives and properties of a part of a community have been manifestly aimed at by either the legislative or executive au- thority of such community, necessity requires a separation. Your com- mittee are of opinion that the foregoing has, for many years past, been the conduct of the monopolizing land traders of the colony of New York: and that they have been not only countenanced, but encouraged, by both the legislative and executive authorities of the said state or colony. Many overt acts. in evidence of this truth. are so fresh in the minds of the members, that it would be needless to name them.
And whereas the Congress of the several states did, in said Congress. on the fifteenth day of May. A. D. 1776, in a similar case, pass the follow- ing resolution, viz. " Resolved. That it be recommended to the respec- tive assemblies and conventions of the United Colonies, where no govern- ment sufficient to the exigencies of their affairs hath been hitherto established, to adopt such government, as shall, in the opinion of the rep- resentatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular, and America in general,"1-Your com-
1 JOHN ADAMS originated this resolution for the purpose of suppress- ing governments under the crown in the then United Colonies. It was a practical assertion of independence, of which the aet of July 4. 1776, was the formal declaration. It was adopted by Congress on the 10th of May, when Messrs. JOHN ADAMS, RUTLEDGE, and RICHARD HENRY LEE were appointed a committee to prepare a preamble. This commit- tee reported the following, May 15, 1776 :
Whereas his Britannic majesty, in conjunction with the lords and com- mons of Great-Britain, has, by a late act of parliament, excluded the in- habitants of these United Colonies from the protection of the crown ; and whereas, no answer, whatever, to the humble petitions of the colo- nies for redress of grievances and reconciliation with Great-Britain. has been or is likely to be given, but, the whole force of that kingdom, aided by foreign mercenaries, is to be exerted for the destruction of the good people of these colonies; and whereas, it appears absolutely irrec-
41
Adjourned Session at Westminster, Jan. 15, 1777.
mittee, having duly deliberated on the continued conduct of the author- ity of New York, before recited, and on the equitableness on which the aforesaid resolution of Congress was founded, and considering that a just right exists in this people to adopt measures for their own security, not only to enable them to secure their rights against the usurpations of Great-Britain. but also against that of New York, and the several other governments claiming jurisdiction of this territory, do offer the follow- ing declaration, viz .:
This Convention, whose members are duly chosen by the free voice of their constituents in the several towns, on the New-Hampshire Grants, in public meeting assembled, in our own names, and in behalf of our constituents, do hereby proclaim and publicly declare that the district of territory comprehending and usually known by the name and descrip- tion of the New Hampshire Grants, of right ought to be, and is hereby declared forever hereafter to be considered as a separate. free and inde- pendent jurisdiction or state; by the name, and forever hereafter to be called, known and distinguished by the name of NEW CONNECTICUT ;
[ 1 ] and that the inhabitants that at present are, or that hereafter
oncilable to reason and good conscience, for the people of these colonies now to take the oaths and affirmations necessary for the support of any government under the crown of Great-Britain, and it is necessary that the exercise of every kind of authority under the said crown should be totally suppressed, and all the powers of government exerted, under the authority of the people of the colonies, for the preservation of internal peace, virtue and good order, as well as for the defence of their lives. liberties and properties, against the hostile invasions and cruel depreda- tions of their enemies; therefore, resolved, &c.
This was adopted, and the resolution having thus been completed, the preamble and resolution were ordered to be published-doubtless of the date of May 15, 1776, as in the text .- Bancroft's History of the U. S., vol. VIII, p. 367; Journals of Congress, [1776.] vol. II, pp. 158, 166.
1 Here, in the copy in Slade's State Papers, the words alias Vermont are inserted ; but that they could not have been in the original declara- tion appears from the subsequent use of the name New Connecticut alone, and from the proceedings in the convention of the 4th of June following, when the name was changed to Vermont .- I. Allen's Ver- mont, in Vt. Hist. Soc. Coll., vol. I, p. 375; Early History, pp. 239, 497 ; Vt. Hist. Soc. Coll., vol. II, pp. xix-xxii.
In the page of I. ALLEN's history cited, Col. ALLEN professed to quote substantially the language of the above declaration, and did not include the words " alias Vermont." In p. 239 of the Early History, Gov. HALL quoted the same declaration in the same way ; and in pages 497 and fol- lowing he gave five reasons for rejecting the alias, among which are these, to wit : the very great improbability, not to say absurdity, of sup- posing that two names would be given to a state; the fact that in the residue of the Journal of the January Convention of 1777, not found in Slade's Stute Papers, the State of " New Connecticut " is twice named without an alias; that in the supplementary declaration of June 4, 1777, published in the Connecticut Courant of June 30, the language used ut- terly precludes the idea of an alias, inasmuch as the first section of the
42
General Conventions.
may become resident, either by procreation or emigration, within said territory, shall be entitled to the same privileges, immunities and en- franchisements as are allowed : and on such condition, and in the same manner, as the present inhabitants in future shall or may enjoy ; which
preamble quotes the original declaration of the name as being "New Connecticut " without an alias; the third section explains the reason of the change of the name; and the resolution pendent declares " that the said district shall now hereafter be called and known by the name of VERMONT."
In the second volume of the Historical Society Collections, pp. xix- xxi. Gov. HALL reiterated his views and added other quotations in de- tail. making three strong points: first, that after adopting the original declaration, Jan. 15, 1777, the Convention " Voted, That the Declaration of NEW CONNECTICUT be inserted in the News Papers," and appointed a committee to prepare an official declaration for the press, which was done, and it was published in the Connecticut Courant of March 17, 1777. This declaration coneluded in these words: " The said state hereafter to be called by the name of NEW CONNECTICUT." Second, that InA ALLEN, more than twenty years after the original declaration and the change of the name of the State had been made, in his History of Ver- mont (Vt. Hist. Soc. Collections, vol. I, p. 375.) quoted the original dec- laration as giving the name of NEW CONNECTICUT without an alias; and third, that in the same volume, (page 379) Mr ALLEN stated in a note that Dr. THOMAS YOUNG of Philadelphia gave the name VER- MONT, subsequent to January 1777, as an " emblematical one, from the French of Verd-mont, green mountains, &e.," and in the text stated that " Fay, Chittenden, Allen, and Jones, returned from Congress, without the decision of that body upon their petition [of Jan. 15, 1777,] in behalf of the inhabitants. and brought with them Dr. YOUNG's letter, printed and published at Philadelphia, addressed to the inhabitants of Vermont."
This letter, said ALLEN. (Vt. Hist. Coll., vol I, p. 382) was distributed through the State, with a pamphlet of his own, soon after the return of the Commissioners from Congress. and " measures were taken to convene a convention at Windsor in June, 1777." This Convention, June 4. 1777. changed the name of the State from " New Connecticut " to VER- MONT, in accordance with Dr. YOUNG's suggestion. "Vermont," then, had never been thought of by the Convention in January, 1777 .- See Appendix, F.
While the proof sheets of these pages were in hand, the following newly discovered evidence was communicated to the editor by Gov. HALL. It will be observed that the first three documents were all dated previous to the change of the name of the State, June 4, 1777. and of course when it would be known, if so originally declared, as well by its alias as by " New Connecticut."
The first is the record of a town meeting in Chester, Feb. 10-13, 1777.
43
Adjourned Session at Westminster, Jan. 15, 1777.
are, and forever shall be considered, to be such privileges and immuni- ties to the free citizens and denizens as are, or, at any time hereafter, may be allowed to any such inhabitants of any of the free and indepen-
Febr. 1777.
At a Town Meeting Regularly warned and held in Chester (by the Desire of one Nathan Clark Esqr Chairman of a Convention held at Dorset 30th of January 1777 as pr said Desire on file may appear) on the Tenth Day of February 17771 Mr William Atwood chosen Moderator and a Funeral prevented a full Meeting, the Inhabitants present thought proper to adjourn ye meeting to ye Next Day being Febry 11th one O Clock in ye Afternoon. the meeting was accordingly adjourned to meet at ye Dwelling house of Mr Jonathan Tarbel Meet according to ad- journment, but the inhabitants that went to ye Funeral not knowing when ye meeting was to. it was Voted that ye meeting be adjourned to the Thirteenth of said February and to meet at said place at One of ye Clock afternoon and that the Inhabitants present be Desired to Inform the Inhabitants not present It was accordingly adjourned Meet ac- cording To adjournment the Moderator not being present Thos Chand- ler Esgr was chosen Moderator in his Room it being a full meeting and after a long Debate, Voted to Send One Delegate as Desired. the Votes being given in & Sorted Lieut Jabez Sargeant was chosen by a great majority Voted that said Sargeant act at said Convention Discretionery for the good of the state of NEW CONNECTICUT and for the Town of Chester according to the Best of his understanding
Voted that this meeting be Dissolved and it was accordingly Desolved. Test, THOS CHANDLER Clerk.
The foregoing is a true copy of an old Record appearing in Chester "First Book of Records," on pages 56 and 57, as near as I am able to give it.
Attest, NORMAN A. SMITH, Town Clerk. Chester, Dec. 10, '72.
Gen. Jacob Bayley to the New York Council of Safety.
In a letter dated Newbury, Feby. 19, 1777, Gen. Bayley spoke of the proposed state of " NEW CONNECTICUT."-Calendar of N. Y. Revolu- tionary Manuscripts, vol. 2, p. 150.
Extract from a Statement of Facts drawn up by CHARLES PHELPS of Marlboro'.
" That on or about the 15 day of January 1777, a number of people from sundry parts of said New Hampshire Grants, calling themselves New Staters, or people in favor of a new State, met at Westminster in the aforesaid County of Cumberland and State of New York, and de- clared said District and the people inhabiting thereon to be a new State by the name of NEW CONNECTICUT.
That all those who so met at Westminster aforesaid, and all the people whom they pretended to represent, as well as all those who, by the ad- vice of Doct. Thomas Young, afterwards held a convention at Windsor in June, or at any other time during that year, and formed and estab- lished a Constitution or plan of government for what, by his advice also, they called VERMONT-i. e., the people of the Green Mountains-did not amount to one-hundredth part of the inhabitants of New York
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