USA > Vermont > Caledonia County > St Johnsbury > The town of St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; a review of one hundred twenty-five years to the anniversary pageant 1912 > Part 8
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PUBLIC HOGS
By vote at the March Meeting of 1800, hogs were forbidden to run at large any more. But the important office of Hog Con- stable refused to be eliminated. Seven men were elevated to this responsibility this very year. Ostensibly their functions re- lated to curbing any irregularities that might arise among the animals. The chief significance of the appointment, however, lay in its being a distinction conferred on newly married men; "all married during the past year" is the entry found on the earlier town records ; this establishes to us and to all future generations the fact of their eligibility, and affirms the orderly procedure of the old time town meetings.
THE TEN HOUSES
At the date of 1800, it seems there were ten houses in the town; these were assessed at 2% in the grand list, an average valuation of $305.00 each. They were all of one type, low posted, - made of rough boards, roofed with long split shingles. Under the wooden latch on the outside door hangs a buckskin thong ; pull it and the latch will lift giving entrance to the reception room, which is also dining room, work room and kitchen combined.
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The tints nature laid on the wood work are not disguised with any artificial mixture of paints. The conspicuous feature is the deep- bellied fire-place with blazing logs, over which swings the crane with its pendant pots and kettles. Above hangs the fowling piece and powder horns, lower down the bellows and boot jacks; strings of dried pumpkin or apple dangling over head. In one corner is the spinning wheel, possibly a loom. Furniture is mostly hand- made on the spot, jointed with wooden pegs, for nails are scarce and costly. The fire-light gives evening cheer, the tallow dip is dripping its superfluous tallow over the iron candlestick on the large family table. Fire must be ever burning on the hearth, otherwise you must run to the nearest neighbor for a dish full of live coals, or strike a spark out of the flint in the tinder-box. You will have to live 33 years longer before such a thing as a match is heard of, and it will be 15 years before you see in this township a family wagon or a chaise; even the traverse sled is 24 years dis- tant.
There is hardly any money in these houses, still less in the shacks round about. It was only seven years ago that United States coin began to be minted ; perhaps none of it has reached here yet ; reckonings are in shillings and pence; the standard of value is a bushel of wheat, varying from four to six shillings ac- cording to current supply, or "the increased cost of living." In September of this year the town voted $100 for bridge repairs payable wholly in wheat, rye or corn.
"We didn't mind the cold of the winters. If you had a good ax for out doors and a roustin' good fire a-burnin' in the fire place, you'd keep warm and cheerful. We'd fell the trees in the near woods, trim off the branches, hitch on our oxen and draw 'em up to the door where we'd cut 'em up. We hadn't any matches; we'd get punk in a rotten maple tree, dry it and use it to strike our flint sparks into. Some of the old men carried flint and steel in their pockets to light their pipes. In sum- mør if there was a hollow elm handy we'd start a fire in that ; it would burn maybe for weeks and we'd bring coals from it to kindle our fires.
"The cattle and hogs ran loose and the cows had bells on ; when it be- gan to get cold in the fall they'd come up every night of their own accord and we'd yard 'em. We had wheat straw, corn stocks and hay to winter 'em on. We stacked our wheat outside ; there was a trough dug out of a big log and into that we used to empty the skim milk and swill for the hogs."
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VITAL RECORDS 1788-1800
The early vital statistics of the town are far from complete ; those in the first record book relate to marriages and births only ; no deaths are recorded. The entries appear to have been made in rambling fashion on any spare space that offered itself for the exercise of clerical penmanship. They are now brought out from their obscurity and set in print that we may know who were engaged in making family history in the settlement prior to the turn of the century.
PUBLICATIONS
Josias Lyndon Arnold and Susan Perkins were published Feb. 1795. Ephraim Mullen and Elizabeth Furggeson, ctf. dated Sept. 30, 1795.
John Stevens and Ella Ide were publ. legally in this town, Oct. 5, 1795. Samuel Ladd of Haverhill and Cynthia Hastings, widow of Jona. Arnold published Dec. 1795. (See page 61- a switch.)
Thos. Ayer and Sylvia Wright were publ. Oct. 22, 1796, legally in thistown. Caleb Freeman and Ruth Stores of Lebanon legally published Nov. 1796. Wm. C. Arnold and Lucy Gardiner were publ. legally, 13, Nov'br 1796. Chiron Penniman and Olive Whipple published legally, Nov. 30, 1796. Daniel Hawes and Rhoda Sanger published for marriage, March 25, 1797. Alphene Goss and Polly Ayer legally publ. in this town, June 12, 1797. Asquire Aldrich and Abigail Ide legally publ. in this town June 12, 1797. Ariel Aldrich and Kezia Burke lawfully publ. in this town Feb. 3, 1798. Joseph Gilson and Nancy Healey lawfully publ. in this town Mch. 14, 1798. John Brown and Sally Ide were March 15, 1798, legally published for marriage in this town.
MARRIAGES
"This was ye Ist marriage ; wh acc. to ye laudable custome was thot most requisite to be performed by ye Magestrate, as being a civill thing vpon wh questions aboute Inheritances doe depende." Gov. Bradford, 1621.
Eneas Harvey and Rhoda Hamlet were married the 17th day of Jan. A . D. 1793, by Jonathan Arnold Esq. in presence of several witnesses, they having produced ctf. of legal publication.
Thomas Ayer and Sylvia Wright were married 23d Oct. A. D. 1796 by Joseph Lord Esq. in presence of several witnesses, they having been legally published.
Wm. C. Arnold and Lucy Gardiner were married on 13, Nov. 1796, by Joseph Lord, Esq., in presence of several witnesses.
.
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Be it remembered that on 8th day April, A. D. 1797, at St. Johnsbury, County Caledonia, State of Vt. Daniel Hawes and Rhoda Sanger, both of St. Johnsbury, were duly joined in marriage by me.
NATH. EDSON, Justice of Peace.
Be it remembered, that at St. Johnsbury, Co. aforesaid, this 19th day of March year of our Lord 1798, John Brown of Lyndon in said County and Sally Ide of St. Johnsbury aforesaid were duly joined in marriage by me. NATH. EDSON, Justice of Peace.
Ditto, Joseph Gilson and Nancy Healey of St. Johnsbury, Mch. 9, 1798. Ditto, Thomas Peck and Sally Pierce of St. Johnsbury, March 17, 1799. Ditto, Timothy Edson and Betsy Wetherby, Septr. 5, 1799.
Ditto, Joseph Felch and Abigail Manchester at Waterford 1799.
BIRTHS
Polly McGaffey, daughter John and -McGaffey was b. Aug. 28, 1788. Polly Doolittle, daughter of David Doolittle was born Dec. 14, 1789. Freelove C. Arnold, d. of Jona. and Alice C. Arnold, was b. Dec. 7, 1789. William McGaffey, son of John McGaffey was born Nov. 25, 1790. Lucy Doolittle, daughter of David Doolittle was born June 22, 1791. Barnabas Barker, son of Barnabas and Ruth Barker, b. Sept. 28, 1791. Sarah Brown Barker, daughter of same was born 13th February 1793. Lemuel Hastings Arnold, son Jona. and Cynthia Arnold b. Jan. 29, 1792. Anna Houghton, d. of Alpheus and Izabel Houghton b. Sept. 28, 1792. Philena Doolittle, daughter of David Doolittle was born Nov. 18, 1792. John McGaffey, son of John McGaffey was born March 13, 1793. Celia Goss, daughter of David Goss and Cynthia Goss, b. Mch. 27, 1793. Zebrina Trescott, son of Jerial and Lydia Trescott was b. Mch. 28, 1793. Aurelia Trescott, daughter of same was born Aug. 11, 1795.
Lydia Wheaton, dau. of Caleb and Patience Wheaton, b. Dec. 6, 1793. Hannah Rowland, d. Hopkin and Patience Rowland, b. April 10, 1794. Cynthia Brown Haistings, dau. of Joel Haistings, born Mch. 12, 1796. Samuel Haistings, b. Oct. 30, 1797, Elezebeth Haistings, b. Oct. 30, 1799. Aretas Pierce, son of Aretas and Rebekah Pierce, born March 27, 1799. Betsy Pierce, daughter of same, born July 1, 1796.
Eliza, daughter of Gardner and Lettice Whelor, born 25th July, 1791.
F. M. Whelor, b. Aug. 3, 1794. Gardner Whelor, Jr. b. Jan. 18, 1801. Wm. Lord b. Apr. 14, 1790. Peter C. Lord, b. June 4, 1793. Sophia Lord
b. Apr. 2, 1795. The above children of Jos. and Lucy Lord were b. at St. Johnsbury.
Walter Ayer, son of Sam'l and Nancy Ayer was born Jan. 28, 1795.
Sally Ayer, daughter of same, was born on Jan. 9, 1796.
Wm. Aug. Dean, son of Abiather and Freelove Dean was born in Win- chester, N. H. (and should have been recorded there) Mch. 25th, 1793. Wm. J. Sumner, son of Wm. and Patience Sumner was b. Mch. 13, 1797.
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Lettice Barker, dau. of John and Hannah Barker, b. Sept. 14, 1795. Ruth Barker, dau. of same, b. Sept. 28, 1797. ABIATHAR DEAN, T. Clk. Ester Doolittle, dau. of David Doolittle was b. Oct. 5, 1794.
Sam'l. Humphrey, son Ephraim and Marg. Humphrey b. Dec. 19, 1794. Phanuel Bishop, son of Nathaniel and Martha Bishop b. Jan. 24, 1795. Elizabeth Bishop, d. same was born July 8, 1796, recorded 11th May 1797 John Barker, son of Barnabas and Ruth Barker was born Jan. 30, 1795. Sussanah Thurber, d. of James and Rachel Thurber, born May 6, 1795. Ephraim Wheton, son of James and Dorothy Wheton, b. Oct. 20, 1795. Ariel Gilbert, son of Obed and Ann Gilbert was born Feb. 14, 1796.
Susan Perkins Arnold, d. of J. L. Arnold Esq., and Susan P. Arnold, b 29th May 1796.
Elenor Doolittle, daughter of David Doolittle was born April 17, 1796. Louisa Gardner, dau. of Perez and Polly Gardner was b. May 19, 1797. John Hawes, son of Daniel and Rhoda Sangar Hawes, b. Aug. 13, 1797. Jonathan Ayer, son of Sam'l and Nancy Ayer was born Aug. 20, 1797. James Gilbert, son of Obed and Ann Gilbert was born Feb. 28 1798. Zebnon Wheton, son of Caleb Wheton was born July 9, 1798.
Lucy Gardner Arnold, d. of Wm. C. and Lucy G. Arnold b. Oct. 11, 1798. Frindey Dean, son of Abiathar and Freelove Dean was b. Aug. 22, 1798. Sally Wheton, dau. of James and Dorothy Wheton was b. Aug. 23, 1798. Hannah Hawes, dau. of Daniel and Rhoda Hawes was b. Sept. 5, 1799. Phebe Edson, dau. Nathaniel and Phebe Edson was born May 15, 1800. Nathaniel Edson Hawes, son of Dan'l and Rhoda Hawes, b. Nov. 10, 1800.
EARLY TOWN RECORDS
"Local self-government as presented in the New England Town Meeting seems not to have been patterned after any known model. Nothing like it existed in England or elsewhere." The Puritan Republic.
The town was organized in 1790; proceedings of that first town meeting are given on page 47. Jonathan Arnold was town clerk till his death three years later. There was no record book however and so it happens, to our regret, that nothing is pre- served in his hand writing, except some early land transfers. The minutes which he had made as town clerk were recorded by his son and successor Josias L. Arnold, in volume 1 of the Town Records. A few extracts from these records are here given, not as notably important, not as in older towns because of their quaintness, but as illustrations of what was coming up for transaction during the first twenty years.
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1791, Mch. 21 Voted, that a tax of 3 pence on the pound be laid and assessed on the polls and ratable estates of the Inhabitants of this Town to defray the expense of procuring Record Books and Paper for the use of the Town ; and also a set of sealed Weights and Measures.
1791, Mch. 21. Voted, to secure by purchase or gift 2 Acres of land on Right No. 27, on the Hill, where it is chopped, for the purpose of erecting a suitable building for the use of the Town ; to pay not over $6 per acre for the same.
1791, Sept. 1. Voted, that the Inhabitants of the South District or Parish have liberty to build a Pound within the said Parish, also that a Sign Post and Stocks be erected near Mr. Cole's new house.
1793, Mch. 4. Voted, that the Selectmen and Assessors shall be paid for their services at the rate of 4 shillings per day, in wheat at five shillings per bushel; and that 65-2s-4d be raised to pay for said services last year.
1793, Mch. 4. Voted, that a Bounty of $10 be paid to any Inhabitant of this Township, who shall take track of a Wolf in the town and kill the same in any part of the State.
1794, March. On the question being put, will the Town raise money by a tax to pay for preaching the Gospel, determined in the negative.
1795, Mch. Voted, that a Committee be appointed to draught a paper and obtain subscriptions to pay for preaching of the Gospel. J. L. Arnold, Jos. Lord, Stephen Dexter, Jno. Ladd, Jona. Adams were chosen for that end.
1795, Mch. Voted, that a Committee be appointed to procure powder and lead, if necessary, and J. L. Arnold, Jos. Lord, Stephen Dexter were made such committee.
1795, Mch. Voted, that the Town be districted for Schools, and the Selectmen were appointed Committee for that purpose.
1795, Mch. Voted that a tax of 63-10s-0d be assessed in the usual manner payable in wheat at 5 shillings pr. bushel, to be delivered at Arnold's Mills for paying the selectmen and incidental charges.
1795. At the Freeman's Meeting held at Nathaniel Edson's house, Sept. 1795, Josias L. Arnold Esq. was chosen to represent the Town in the Gen- eral Assembly.
Thomas Chittenden for Governor had 30 votes.
Isaac Tichenor for Governor had 1 vote.
1796, March. Voted, that Surveighors of Highways shall see that Canada thistles are cut in the season directed or complain.
1796, Mch. Mr. Ralph Murray exhibited an account against the Town for the loss of 400 Salts by breaking the Bridge over the South Branch on the main road ; and Nath'1. Edson a similar account for loss by the same bridge, which accounts were not all owed.
1796, Sept. At a meeting of the inhabitants of St. Johnsbury legally held at Nathaniel Edson's barn, on the question being put, will the Town build a good and sufficient framed Bridge over the hollow near Ralph Murray's, (Music Hall) on Arnold's Plain, determined in the affirmative.
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1797, Mch. Voted, that the Selectmen shall take invoice of ye rateable properties by going to their several dwellings.
1797, Mch. Voted, that Henry Hoffman have the Improvement of the Burial Yard in the South Parish, (Plain, ) provided he clear the same, and does not interfere with the use heretofore made thereof, until such time as said town shall put the land to some other use.
1793, March. Voted, that Mose Tute be released from his office as Tythingman at his own request, by a clear vote.
1798, June. Voted, to dispense with such part of the fine imposed on John K- for theft, as belongs to the town of St. Johnsbury.
1793. Motioned and seconded, will the Town agree to hold town meet- ings at Esquire Edson's in the future; determined in the affirmative.
Voted, to appoint Daniel Pierce Jr. and Reuben Alexander a committee to enquire of said Edson for the liberty and use of his house for the purpose a foresaid.
Said Committee reported that the said Nath'l. Edson gives his consent that the town shall hold a meeting at his house on March next, but not thereafter.
1799, Mch. Voted, that Nathaniel Edson receive from the town $70 in - grain for the use and trouble of his house.
1800, March. On motion, voted that hogs shall not run at large the in- suing year. Also voted that rams shall not run at large from the 20th of August to the 20th of November next.
1800, Sept. 2. Meeting opened agreeable to warrant and proseded to bisness. On motion, voted to raise $100 to repair bridge near Sanger's Mills, and to remove flood wood that is lodged against the bridge near Arnold's Mills, payable in wheat or rye or Indian corn by the first day of February next.
1801. This is to notify and warn the inhabitants of the town of St. Johnsbury to meet at the dwelling house of Lieut. Thos. Pierce on the 25th day of May next, to act on the following articles, viz .- to see if the Town will associate together as the Law provides for the purpose of hiring preach- ing-to see if the town will raise money to defray the same-to see if the town will appoint a place or places of meeting-to see if the town will appoint a committee or officers necessary-to see if the town will associate together to build a meeting house for the use of said society-to see if the town will determine the form and size of said house and raise money or grain to defray the expense of said building.
NOTE. At the date appointed it wasvoted to "associate for preaching;" to raise $100 payable in grain by Feb. next; and a committee was appointed to provide a preacher, but no further result was ever arrived at.
1802, Sept. Voted, to allow the account of the Committee for fencing the. Burying Ground amounting to $27.63, and to pay the same out of the treas- ury.
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1804, April. On motion, will the Town open a Road from Arnold's Mills threw Squire Lord's meadow, (R. R. St.) which was negatived. Again, the motion being put, will the Town open said Road Provided it shall be made at private expense-carried in the fermative.
1804, August 20. Take notice. The freemen of the Town of St. Johns- bury are hereby warned to meet at the Meeting House in said Town on the first Tuesday of September next, at 11 o'clk in forenoon for the purpose of electing a person to represent this State in the Congress of the U. S.
PRES. WEST, Constable.
Meeting opened at time and place and votes being taken were as follows:
William Chamberlin, 46 votes Paul Brigham, 1 vote James Fisk, 38 votes Joel Roberts, 1 vote 96
Meeting dissolved, NATHANIEL EDSON, Town Clerk.
1805, March. Voted, to accept Report of the Committee on leasing the Ministerial Lands, viz., 1. That said Lands ought to be leased on long leases soon as may be. 2. That provition ought to be made to secure from said Lands a Fund the interest of which, when added yearly to the yearly income from said Lands, will be sufficient to support a minister without resort to taxation. 4. That effective provition ought to be made to secure the town from any loss they might otherwise sustain from the Depreciation of the value of money.
1806, March. Voted, to raise $25 for the purpose of purchasing a set of weights and measures for the use of this town.
1807, February. Voted, to give the Selectmen Liberty to License one House in said Town for the Innoculation of Small Pox.
1807, March. Voted, that the price of a pare of Oxen per Day when at work on the highways shall be Eackwell to a man, and that Plowes and Carts shall be 25 cents per day and all extra damage made good.
GRANE ORDERS
A few itemized orders given by the Selectmen, beginning 1819, are found from which the following are taken. Most of these are for payment in "grane," i. e. wheat, corn or other grains.
Gave an order to Leonard Harrington for grane Oct. 30, 1819, $108.00
cash 83.10
The above were for repairing roads in 1819, with interest 3.36
Gave order to R. W. Fenton for grane $75 for work on Sanger's Bridge.
Gave an order to David Stowell for grane 29 Jan. [1820 towards boarding Polly Cheney the year past, $10.00
2 grane Orders to Stephen Hawkins for services as Selectman and things furnished the Burying ground,
$18.84
Gave a grane order to Joseph Pierce Feb. 4, 1820 for digging graves, 3.00
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Gave a grane ord to David Goss, 4 Feb. 1820 for Bords to make Burying Ground fence in said district, $3.83
Gave 2 grane orders to Calvin Jewett, Feb. 1820 for account for
medsin & services for Polly Cheney, $4.16 $2.90
Gave 2 grane orders to Joseph Fairbanks, 4 Feb. 1820 for Plank Pur- $5.93 $2.66
chased of him,
Gave grane order to Ephraim Paddock, 4 Mch. 1820 for Discon- tinuing caus in Cort vs. Town,
$4.00
Grane order to Calvin Jewett, 16 Mch. 1820, for oil to clean Town .60
Guns,
Contra, March 20, 1820.
Amount of grane in hands of Treasurer as appeared on settlement
with him on 16 March 1820,
$132.95
Amount of cash in hands of Treasurer, ditto, $010.55
Cash rec'd of Huxham Paddock for fine vs. Billings, $1.00
Note of Jonas Flint for fine vs. Geo. Page for firing on training
$1.00 day,
THE OLD BURYAL GROUND
What is now known as Monument Square and the Caledonia Court House grounds, was for sixty years used for the burial of the dead in the south part of the town. It was gratuitously deeded by Jonathan Arnold, June 28, 1790, for this purpose, being part of original Right No. 10, in the township, described as "a point projecting eastward from the Plain." The deed states as follows:
· "In consideration of the benefits and conveniences which will result to the settlers and inhabitants, as well as others who shall hereafter settle and inhabit within the limits of the said South Parish, and for other good reasons me thereunto moving, I, by these presents do give, grant, convey and confirm to John Todd son of Thomas Todd, and to Wm. Purchase Trescott son of William Trescott, in trust to and for the sole benefit and be- hoof of the inhabitants of the said South Parish forever, this tract of land for the following purposes only, viz. for a BURYAL GROUND, and the erection of a School House or any other Public Building which may hereafter be found convenient and necessary to the inhabitants of the said South Parish forever and if judged by them proper, for a Lawful Pound and for a Post and Stocks."
No record appears of the erection of the said Whipping Post or other conveniences. It was stipulated in the conveyance "that the lot be within one year well cleared off and fenced with a good Log or other Fence, which should be forever after maintained ;
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also that within two years a framed house of not less than 36 by 30 feet be built, planked, boarded, shingled and otherwise com- pleted, so as to be fit for keeping a school therein both winter and summer, or for any other public use judged proper."
Though the above stipulations were never entirely met ac- cording to the letter, their main intent was effectively carried out by the use of the premises, first as a burial ground, and ultimately as at present, for "other public uses" of superior importance, in- dicated in a following paragraph.
A pathetic interest attaches to this transfer of land for the public benefit. The first burial therein was that of Alice Craw- ford, wife of the donor, who two months before had been laid in the homestead yard-her grandson was Judge Noah Davis of New York-three years later the Doctor himself, and six years later his gifted son, Josias, were brought here for burial; later another son, William C. 1st ; and others, and last of all Ruth, the negress, who having served the family faithfully half a century, came to her rest with them in the same enclosure.
GROUNDS FOR A COURT HOUSE
Sixty years after the original grant of this "point of land projecting eastward from the Plain" a new and unexpected de- mand arose for grounds suitable for public uses which no other spot in the town could so well supply. The need of a town house on the Plain was imperative, and St. Johnsbury having become the shire of Caledonia County, a Court House must be provided. Meantime as a place for burial this enclosure had become wholly inadequate ; as a town charge it had suffered the neglect that commonly befell such enclosures ; its tangles of briar roses and other decorative miscellany running wild could not make it an ornamental feature on the main street. The opening of Mount Pleasant Cemetery in 1852 led many families to remove their dead to that attractive spot; for three years this was being done ; in 1856 an arrangement was perfected for the transfer of all who remained in the old ground and the appropriation of this tract of land to town and county uses. A quit-claim deed of the prem-
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ises was made by William C. Arnold, representing the heirs of Jonathan Arnold, the full text of which is as follows :
"Know all men by these presents, that I, William C. Arnold of St. Johns- bury, County Caledonia, for the consideration of one dollar received in full to my satisfaction, by the Trustees "of the. Village of St. Johnsbury in said County, have remissed, released and forever quit-claimed unto the said Trustees of the Village of St. Johnsbury and their successors in office, all right and title which I, the said Arnold, or my heirs, have in and to the fol- lowing described land in the town of St. Johnsbury, aforesaid, viz :
"The piece of ground in said village heretofore used for a burying ground, and from which the bodies interred there have been recently removed for the purpose of having erected thereon a Court House and the proper public offices therein for the County of Caledonia; and also for a suitable Town Hall there- on for the use of the town of St. Johnsbury; and the residue of said land to be used as ornamental public grounds; and said land is not conveyed for any other purpose or use whatever, except those above specified.
"To have and to hold all my right and title in and to said remissed, re- leased and quit-claimed premises to the said Trustees and their successors in office for the objects and purposes above specified. And I, the said William C. Arnold, for myself and my heirs do covenant and agree to and with said Trustees and their successors in office, that I will warrant and defend the title to the above described premises; and that they shall quietly enjoy the same without any molestation by any of the heirs of Jonathan Arnold former- ly of said St. Johnsbury, now deceased, so long as the same shall be used for the above purposes and no other. =
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