USA > Washington > Clark County > Washington State farmers directory, Clarke County, a list of the resident farmers (owners and renters) of Clarke County, Washington 1922-1923 > Part 24
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Hens cannot do well on a whole grain ration. No grain ration supplies the various elements of food necessary in producing eggs. The continued use of a straight grain ration not only results in poor egg production but results in digestive disorders. A ration should consist of grain and ground feeds. Poultrymen usually refer to the whole or cracked grains as "scratch food" and to the combination of ground feeds as "mash."
Hens being fed for egg production should be fed liberally on foods having the food elements found in the egg. An analysis of the egg shows that it is composed of ash 12.2 per cent; water 65.7 per cent; protein 11.4 per cent; and fat 8.9 per cent. The hen must be supplied with the neces- sary raw materials or she cannot manufacture the finished product. The hen cannot counterfeit her product.
Nutritive Elements of Food Composition
Ash produces bone and shell.
Protein produces muscle, tendons, blood, feathers, and whites of eggs. Carbohydrates produce fat, heat, energy, and yolks of eggs.
Fats produce same as carbohydrates but are two and a quarter times as efficient.
Crude Fibre is only slightly digestible and has practically no nutritive value. It adds bulk to the ration and without it the concentrated feeds would form in a compact mass, thus preventing the digestive juices from functioning efficiently. A ration having more than five or six per cent of crude fibre is not relished by poultry.
Balanced Ration and Nutritive Ratio
A balanced ration is a ration which supplies in a palatable form the correct proportion of nutritive elements found in the egg.
Nutritive ratio is the ratio between the digestible protein and the digestible carbohydrates plus two and a quarter times the fat.
1
179
CLARKE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
A ration which contains one pound of protein to from four to five pounds of carbohydrates plus the fat meets the requirements of laying hens. (Fowls in production require that a part of the protein in the ration come from animal sources, in addition to the vegetable protein . found in the scratch and mash food). The above ration would be termed a narrow ration and would be expressed as N. R. 1:4 or 1:5.
The nutritive ratio does not always indicate the true value of a ration and is no guarantee of high egg production. Nutritive ratio as herein figured is based upon the total amount of food elements and not upon the amounts actually digestible. Experiments have proved the superiority of the narrow ration.
Average Percentage Composition and Nutritive Ratio of Foods
Fibre
Ash
Protein
hydrates
Fat
ratio
Corn
1.9
1.5
10.4
70.3
5.0
1:7.9
Wheat
1.8
1.8
11.9
71.9
2.1
1:6.3
Oats
9.5
3.0
11.8
59.7
5.0
1:6.1
Barley
2.7
2.4
12.4
69.8
1.8
1:6.
Kafir
1.4
1.5
9.9
74.9
3.0
1:8.3
Milo maze
2.4
2.8
8.7
66.2
2.2
1:8.2
Buckwheat
8.7
2.0
10.0
64.5
2.2
1:7.
Bran
9.0
5.8
15.4
53.9
4.0
1:4.1
Middlings
4.6
3.3
15.6
60.4
4.0
1:4.7
Mill-run
7.6
5.2
12.9
45.1
4.0
1:4.2
Gluten feed
6.4
1.3
23.2
54.7
6.3
1:2.9
Oil meal
9.5
5.8
33.2
38.4
3.0
1:1.4
Cocoanut meal
11.2
4.9
18.8
42.0
8.1
1:3.2
Meat scraps*
8.0
58.0
. . . .
32.9
1:1.4
Fish scraps*
..
34.0
...
6.5
1:0.4
*Composition has a wide variation.
Knowing approximately the required nutritive ratio of a balanced ration for laying fowls, a study of the methods used in determining the nutritive ratio of any ration may be made by applying them to the follow- ing ration, which may or may not be desirable.
Fibre
Protein
hydrates Carbo-
Fat
Scratch Food-
50 pounds wheat
.9
5.95
35.95
1.05
25 pounds corn
.47
2.1
17.6
1.25
25 pounds
Oats
2.37
2.95
14.9
1.25
Mash Food-
25 pounds bran
2.25
3.85
13.5
1.0
25 pounds middlings
1.5
3.9
15.1
1.0
15 pounds
ground oats.
1.43
1.77
10.96
.75
15 pounds corn meal.
.23
1.56
10.55
. 75
5
pounds oil meal.
.47
1.66
1.92
.15
15 pounds meat scrap
0
8.7
0
1.65
9.62
32.44
120.48
8.85
To determine the nutritive ratio of the above ration, multiply the fats by 21/4 (8.85x214 equals 19.91). Add the product to the carbohydrates (120.48 plus 19.91 equals 140.39). The nutritive ratio of this ration would be the ratio between 32.44 and 140.39. Dividing each number by 32.44 the nutritive ratio is found to be 1:4.4.
The 200-pound combination of feeds has 9.62 pounds of crude fibre or 4.8 per cent. It is composed of grains each one of which the fowls like. It has one pound of protein to each four or five pounds of carbohydrates plus the fat, and should therefore be a reasonably good ration when properly fed.
Rations Recommended by Experiment Station
Oregon Agricultural Ration-
Scratch Food
25 pounds wheat 15 pounds oats
Mash
5 pounds mill feed (bran and shorts)
5 pounds ground oats
5 pounds ground corn
5 pounds linseed meal (or)
7 pounds cocoanut meal
7 pounds meat or fish scraps
Carbo-
Nutritive
180
FARMERS EXCLUSIVE DIRECTORY
Legal Department
Compiled by DAN DANIELSON, Attorney-at-Law 203 Mohawk Building, Spokane, Washington
LAWFUL FENCE DEFINED.
The following shall be considered lawful fences in this state: Post and rail or plank fences, five feet high, made of sound posts five inches in diam- eter, set substantially in the ground, not more than ten feet apart, with four planks not less than one inch thick and six inches wide, securely fastened by nails or otherwise, said planks not more than nine inches apart; post and rail fences, with posts not more than ten feet apart and rails not less than four inches wide (five of them), made in all other respects the same as the first described in this section; worm fences made in the usual way, of sound, substantial rails or posts, five feet high, including riders with stakes firmly set in the ground and spaces no greater than in post and plank or rail fences, except the two lower spaces, between riders, not more than six- teen inches. Ditch and pole, or board or rail, fence shall be made of a ditch not less than four feet wide on top and three feet deep, embankment. thrown up on the inside of the ditch, with substantial posts set in the em- bankment not more than ten feet apart, and a plank, pole or rail securely fastened to said posts at least seven feet from the bottom of the ditch.
TRESPASS BY ANIMALS-LIABILITY FOR.
Any person making and maintaining in good repair, around his or her inclosure or inclosures, any fence such as is described in the last two pre- ceding sections may recover in a suit for trespass before the nearest court having competent jurisdiction, from the owner or owners of any animal or animals which shall break through such fence, in full for all damages sus- tained on account of such trespass, together with the costs of suit; and the animal or animals so trespassing may be taken and held as security for the payment of such damage and costs: Provided, that such person shall have such fences examined and the damages assessed by three reliable disinter- ested parties and practical farmers, within five days, next after the trespass has been committed: And provided further, that if before trial the owner of such trespassing animal or animals shall have tendered the person in- jured any costs which may have accrued, and also the amount in lieu of damages which shall equal or exceed the amount of damages after awarded by the court or jury, and the person injured shall refuse the same and cause the trial to proceed, such person shall pay all cost and receive only the damages awarded.
PARTITION FENCE-WHO SHALL ERECT?
When two or more persons own land adjoining which is inclosed by one fence, and it becomes necessary, for the protection of the interests of one party, said partition fence should be made between them, the other or others, when notified thereof, shall erect or cause to be erected one-half of such par- tition fence, said fence to be erected on, or as near as practicable, the line of said land.
Failure of One Owner to Build-Rights of the Other Owner.
If, after notice has been given by either party, and a reasonable length of time has elapsed, the other party neglect or refuse to erect or cause to be erected the one-half of such fence, the party giving notice may proceed to erect or cause to be erected the entire partition fence, and collect by law one-half of the cost thereof from the other party.
Partition Fence-Who Shall Repair?
The respective owners of adjoining inclosures shall keep up and main- tain in good repair all partition fences between such inclosures in equal shares, so long as they shall continue to occupy or improve the same; and in case either of the parties shall desire to make such fence capable of turn-
-
181
CLARKE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
ing hogs and the other party does not desire to use it for such purpose, then the party desiring to use it shall have the right to attach hog-fencing mate- rial to the posts of such fence, which hog-fencing shall remain the property of the party who put it up, and he may remove it at any time he desires: Provided that he leaves the fence in as good condition as it was when the hog fencing was by him attached, the natural decay of the posts excepted. The attaching of such hog fencing shall not relieve the other party from the duty of keeping in repair his part of such fence, as to all materials used in said fence additional to said hog fencing.
OWNER OF UNRULY ANIMAL LIABLE FOR DAMAGES.
The owner of any animal that is unruly, and in the habit of breaking through or throwing down fences, if, after being notified that such animal is unruly and in the habit of breaking through or throwing down fences as aforesaid, he shall allow such animal to run at large, shall be liable for all damages caused by such animal, and any and all other animals that may be in company with such animal.
ESTRAYS-REGISTRATION BY PERSON LOSING ANIMAL.
Any person losing an animal shall register the same with the county au- ditor of his county under "Estrays Lost," for which the auditor shall collect a fee of fifty cents, for each animal registered, and deliver to the owner a re- ceipt with his seal attached, which receipt shall describe the animal regis- tered.
Registration by Finder.
Any person about whose premises any animal may be in the habit of running at large at any time between the first day of October and the first day of March east of the Cascade range and between the first day of Decem- ber and the first day of March, west of the Cascade range, may take up such animal, and shall within ten days thereafter cause the same to be registered with the county auditor of his county under "Estrays Found," giving the in- formation required by the record as fully as practicable, and the auditor shall charge against such estrays the said fee of fifty cents for each animal so registered. Breachy or vicious animals may be taken up and registered as herein provided. The word "animal" or "animals" for the purpose of this chapter shall include only horses, mules, cattle and hogs.
UNLAWFUL FOR SWINE TO RUN AT LARGE.
It shall be unlawful for the owner or owners of any swine to allow them . to run at large in any county in the state.
LIABILITY OF OWNER. Injured Party May Take Up Animals.
Any person suffering damages done by any horses, mares, mules, asses, cattle, goats, sheep, swine or any such animal, which shall trespass upon any cultivated land, inclosed by lawful fence may retain and keep in custody such offending animals until the owner of such animal shall pay such damage and costs, or, until good and sufficient security be given for the same.
Notice of Restraint-Damages.
Whenever any animals are restrained as provided in the last section, the person restraining such animal shall within twenty-four hours thereafter notify in writing the owner, or person in whose custody the same was at the time the trespass was committed, of the seizure of such animals and the probable amount of damages sustained: Provided, he knows to whom such animals belong.
DAMAGE BY STUD, ETC., RUNNING AT LARGE-LIABILITY FOR.
If any stud-horse, stud mule, jackass, ridgling, or stag while running at large out of the inclosed grounds of the owner or keeper, shall damage any other animal by biting or kicking him, or shall do any damage to person or property of any kind whatever, the owner of said stud-horse, stud-mule, jackass, ridgling or stag shall be liable for all damages done by him.
THE WONDER CAR-Fully Equipped-Low Cost. See Pgs. 160-161
182
FARMERS EXCLUSIVE DIRECTORY
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
OF CLARKE COUNTY WASHINGTON
Phone 47
Res. Phone 400
Office Hours, 10 a. m. to 12 m., 2 to 5 and 7 to 8 p. m.
DR. WILLIAM E. CASS Physician and Surgeon
Office 704 Main St., Over Curran & Gardner's Drug Store
Residence 1110 Esther Ave. Vancouver Wash.
Office and Res. Phones 628 At All Hours
CHARLES G. MacCALLUM M. D. C. M. Physician and Surgeon
1000 Main Street
Vancouver Wash.
Phone 257
DR. A. W. STEVENSON Physician and Surgeon
Room 410 U. S. National Bank Bldg.
Vancouver Wash.
DR. M. L. COOVERT Optician and Optometrist "The Eye My Specialty"
Rooms 15 and 16 Schofield Bldg.
Vancouver Wash.
183
CLARKE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
W. R. COBB
MANUFACTURING JEWELER
Phone 713
109 W. Sixth St.
VANCOUVER, WASH.
F. W. TEMPES ATTOREY AT LAW
Suite 7, Schofield Bldg Phone 265
VANCOUVER
WASH.
Special Treatment for Abortion
Day and Night Phones: E. 1847 and E. 9727
ROSE CITY VETERINARY HOSPITAL, Inc.
415 E. Seventh, Cor. Grand
Portland, Oregon
We Test for Sales and Interstate Shipments
184
FARMERS EXCLUSIVE DIRECTORY
Classified Index of Representative Firms of Clarke Co., Wn.
This Directory contains 5315 Names
AUCTIONEERS
Col. W. S. Wood .. pg 5 and lines
.start pg 17
AUTOMOBILES-ACCESSORIES, TRACTORS, TRUCKS
Lineham Motor Co. . Back Cover &
. Lines start pg 8
Shattuck & Sleret (Ford) .. Ribs
.start pg 20
Clarke Co. Auto Co .. Ins. pg 32-33 . and Lines start pg 50 Smith & Henderson .. Ins. pg 128-129 Mitchell, Lewis & Staver .. Ins. .pg 160-161 and Lines start pg 115 ABSTRACTS
Clarke Co. Abstract Co. . Ribs start pg 16
BATTERIES
Camas Storage Battery Co .. Ins.
.pg 16-17 Pacific Eisemann Corp ... Ins pg 48-49 Vancouver Battery Co (Willard) Ins. pg 32-33 & Lines start pg 11 BANKS
Ridgefield State Bank .. Ins. next
.. to Back Cover Vancouver Nat'l Bank. ..... Front
. Cover and pg 6 Washington Exchange Bank. . Ins. . pg next to Title Page
CHIROPRACTORS
Chas. H. Charlton (Portland) .. Ins . pg 96-97 and Lines start pg 36
CREAMERIES
Newberg Creamery Co. .pg 35
DRUGS
Highway Pharmacy .. Ribs start pg 24 DRY GOODS Standard Dry Goods Co. . Ribs start .pg 11
DENTISTS
Dr. C. Smith Long. . Ins. pg 64-65 .and Lines start pg 66
DRAG SAWS
R. M. Wade & Co. (see pamphlet in- side) . Ins. next Back Cover
FLOUR, FEED, GRAIN Northern Flour Mills Co. . Ins. next . to Back Cover
FURNITURE
Flynn Furniture Co. .. Front Cover W. Swank. . Ribs start pg 21 Col. W. S. Wood ... .pg 5 and Lines
. start pg 17 Grand Rapids Furn. Co .. Ribs start . pg 29
FURNISHINGS
The Men's Shop Ins. pg 144-145 C. Dietderich. Ribs. start pg 8
FISH, OYSTERS, ETC.
Sanitary Fish Market. . Ins. pg 128-129
FARM LIGHTING PLANTS Hoyt & Wahl. . Ins. next to Front Cover
FARM MACHINERY
Clarke Co. Auto Co .. Ins. pg 32-33
.. and Lines start pg 50 Mitchell, Lewis & Staver .. Ins. pg .160-161 and Lines start pg 115 R. M. Wade & Co. (see pamphlet in- . Ins. next to Back Cover side) ....
FARM PRODUCE
Farmers Produce Exchange. . Ribs.
.start pg 10
Frawley Produce Co (Portland)
Ins. pg 48-49, Lines start pg 52
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
MacMaster & Co ..
. Ins. pg 16-17
Camas Mercantile Co .. Ins. pg 144-145
O. L. Byerly
. Ribs. start pg 31
G. E. Hursh.
Ribs. start pg 22
HARDWARE
W. Swank.
Ribs. start pg 21
Sparks Hdwe. Co ...
.. Ribs. start pg 12
Marshall-McCall Co .... Inside Front
. Cover and Lines start pg 32
HOTELS
Washington Hotel
.pg 18
Seward and Cornelius.
.pg 78
INVESTMENTS Columbia Investment Co .. Front Cover ICE CREAM PRODUCTS, ETC. Maid O'Wauna Ice Cream Co. . Ribs.
.start pg 17
INSURANCE
Banker's Life.
Ribs. start pg 13
Hodgkins Insurance
Agency . . Ribs
.start pg 19
JEWELERS
Jos. Carter. ..
.. Lines start pg 8
LAUNDRIES
Washington
Laundry.
... Ribs start
9
LUMBER
Petersen Lumber Co. . Ribs. start pg 15 Du Bois Mill Co .. . Ins. pg 48-49 Vancouver Lbr. Co .. Lines start pg 12 NURSERIES
Salem Nursery Co ... .Ins. pg 64-65
PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, WALL PAPER
Acme Paint and Wall Paper Co.
. Ins. pg 128-129 & Lines start pg 41
PIANOS, PHONOGRAPHS, -
SHEET MUSIC
G. F. Johnson Piano Co .. Ribs start
. pg
28
PLUMBERS
Hoyt & Wahl. Ins. next to Front Cover' PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
Dr. Wm. E. Cass, M. D.
.. pg 182
Dr. Chas. H. MacCallum, M. D ... pg 182
Dr. A. W. Stevenson, M. D.
. pg 182
F. W. Tempes, Attorney.
.pg 183
W. R. Cobb, Optician.
pg 183
Dr. M. L. Coovert, Optician. .pg 182
PLATE SPECIALIST Dr. E. C. Rossman .. Ribs. start pg 14 REAL ESTATE, LOANS, INSURANCE, ETC. Sears Loan Co ..... Lines start pg 15 Columbia Investment Co. Front Cover N. W. Merrifield ... Lines start pg 11 Thompson. Swan & Lee ...... Back .. Bone and Lines start pg 45
P. M. Elwell.
. .
. Back Cover and
Lines start pg
14
Percival & Watts .. Lines start
pg
19
W. W. Wilson Co.
.pg
60
Clark & Wheeler. . Lines start
10
SPINOLOGISTS
Dr. Geo. T. Breitling. . Inside Back :
. Cover and Ins. pg 160-161 TIRES, VULCANIZING Smith & Henderson .. Ins. pg 128-129 UNDERTAKERS W. Swank .. . Ribs. start pg 21
V. H. Limber.
.. Ribs. start pg 38
. and Lines start pg 73
VETERINARY HOSPITALS
Rose
City
Veterinary
Hospitals
. pg
183
MAY 75
N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA
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