History of Barron County Wisconsin, Part 1

Author: Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge
Publication date: 1922
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1767

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

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PRINTED IN U.S.A.

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HISTORY OF BARRON COUNTY WISCONSIN

EDITED BY NEWTON S. GORDON COMPILED BY FRANKLYN CURTISS-WEDGE

ILLUSTRATED

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. H. C. COOPER, JR., & CO. 1922

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F 587 B2 Cast 1922

Aby: - x1

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FOREWORD

The aim of this work is to present in available form the facts which the average citizen desires to know about those events of the past that have been vital in making the county what it is today. As an important part of this recital have been added the biographies of former and present citizens, giving a closer insight into the lives and work of the prominent actors in the events here depicted.

No two editors or compilers would select the same material for a county history, opinions as to what such a work should consist of are varied. But we believe that those who have compiled and edited this work have selected such material as will have the greatest value and prove of the greatest interest to the greatest number of people, both now and in the future years, thus providing what may truly be called a comprehensive introduction to the study of Barron County history.

The publishers wish to acknowledge their thanks for the assistance ren- dered by the loyal people of the county in making this work possible. Those who have written articles and furnished information, those who have given substantial patronage and encouragement,-all these have not only won the appreciation of the publishers, but also deserve the gratitude of every reader, for it is they who have made this publication possible.

That this history is not faultless, we are well aware. It is not within the power of man to arrange a work of this kind without many mistakes of one kind or another. Human memory is faulty, records are often incomplete and misleading, and in presenting such a vast amount of material, minor errors will creep in, despite the greatest care.

But we believe that the merits and value of such a work overbalances what- ever shortcomings it may have, and we feel assured that it will increase in value with the passing of the years.

Minneapolis, Minn., March 1, 1922.

H. C. COOPER, JR., & CO.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY.

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Leading Dairy Region-Other Agricultural-Location-Area-Climate- Rainfall and Frosts Geological Formations-Altitudes-Rivers- Lakes-Original Wealth of Timber-Coming of the Railroads-Popu- lation-Historical Periods 1-6

CHAPTER II.

GEOLOGY.

Geologic Periods-Cooling of the Earth's Surface-Barron County Once Swept by Seas-Sandstones-Limestones-Crystalline Rocks-Drift, Loess and Soil- Glaciers-Moraines in Barron County-Pipestone Quarries

.6-10

CHAPTER III.

THE ABORIGINES.

Mound Builders Survey of the Chetek and Rice Lake Mounds-Other In- dian Remains-J. A. H. Johnson a Leading Investigator-Reign of the Dakotas-Occupacy by the Chippewa-Savage Wars Between the Two -Trails-Harvesting Wild Rice-Pipestone Indians Finally Re- moved-"Every Man in Barron County an Office Seeker," says Indian 10-29 Agent

CHAPTER IV. EXPLORERS, TRADERS AND TRADING POSTS.

Chequamegon Bay in Lake Superior an Objective Point of Early French- men-Posts on the Mississippi-Radisson and Grosseilliers-Alloues- Marquette du Luth-Hennepin-Perrot-Le Sueur-Carver, the Yankee Trading Posts-Remains at Rice Lake Interesting Opinions of Dr. Louise Kellogg 30-33

CHAPTER V. JURISDICTION AND COUNTY BOUNDARIES.

European Sovereignty-Spain, France, England-Territorial Affiliation- Northwest Territory-Indiana Territory-Illinois Territory-Michigan Territory-Wisconsin Territory-Wisconsin State-Crawford County -St. Croix County-Chippewa County-Polk County-Dallas County Created-Name Changed to Barron-Alterations in Boundaries. ... 33-35

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI. EARLY COUNTY GOVERNMENT.

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First Election-Township-Township Records Continuous from 1863- Whole County One Township-First County Officers Appointed by Governor-Courthouse Secured-Early Elections-Early Finances- First Assessment-Commissioner System of Government-First Ac- tion on Roads-Supervisor System Adopted and First Board of Super- visors Meets 35-39

CHAPTER VII. COUNTY SEAT CHANGES AND COUNTY PROPERTY.

Johnson House Rented East of Barron-Baker's Camp in Stanley Town- ship-Rice Lake Made County Seat and Knapp, Stout & Co. Furnishes Hall-Vote to Remove County Seat to Barron-Woodbury S. Grover Flees to Barron With County Records, Confirming Action of Voters- Quaderer House the Courthouse-First Courthouse Built-First Jail Built-Another County Seat Fight-Petition Presented Asking for Vote on Removal to Rice Lake-Board Takes Time for Consideration- Many Signers Withdraw Signatures-Board Rejects Petition-Board Orders Jail Built-Injunctions and Court Action-Board's Action Con- firmed by Court-Work Resumed on Jail-Present Courthouse Built- The County Farm .39-43

CHAPTER VIII. COUNTY OFFICIALS.

Complete List of Important County Officers-County Clerk-County Treas- urer-Register of Deeds-Superintendent of Schools-Coroner-Sher- iff-District Attorney-County Judge-Surveyor-Clerk of Court- Municipal Courts and Judges-Circuit Courts and Judges-Barron 43-46 County Bar-Members of the Legislature.

CHAPTER IX. EARLY AGRICULTURE.

Near-By Settlements-Prairie Farm Started-John Banks the First Farmer in County-Census of 1860-Farming Incidental to Lumbering-Early Privations and Hardships-Little Cabins in the Woods-Long Trips to Far-Away Trading Points-Provisions Brought in on Settlers' Backs-The Tote Roads-Heroic Women Kept the Home Going While Husbands Worked in Woods-Spinning Wool-Early Assessments- Census Statistics-Small Crops-Low Prices for Produce and Almost No Market-Close of Century Finds Agriculture Still in Its Infancy. 46-52

CHAPTER X. THE FIRST SETTLERS.

The Year 1870 Found but 538 Permanent Settlers in the County-Census Takes-Wisconsin Historical Society Furnishes Transcript of Census, Giving the Name of Every Man, Woman and Child Permanently Locat- ed in Barron County in 1870-Many Names Misspelled by Census Taker But Still Recognizable As the Names of Many of the Families Still Leading in Barron County Affairs After the Passage of Half a Cen- tury 52-57

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER XI.

LOGGING DAYS AND LUMBERING INDUSTRY.

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Knapp, Stout & Co. Operations Constitute First Fifty Years of Barron County History-Prairie Farm Chosen for Headquarters in 1847-Log- ging Begins in 1848-Camps Established Here and There Extent of Operations-Every Citizen Engaged in Logging-The Tote Roads- Loggers Establish Cabins and Bring Families Here-Typical Sights and Sounds in the Lumber Camps-The River Drives-Rough and Pic- turesque Days-"Summer Logging"-Absolute Domination of the "Lumber Boss"-Mills Established-Hardwood Working Flourishes with Coming of Railroads-Lumbering Days Now Over-Present Status of Woodworking. 57-64

CHAPTER XII. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION.

Indian Routes-Tote Roads-State Road-Early Official Cation on Roads- Principal Routes of Travel in the Early Days-Gradual Development of System-Increase in Farm Production and Coming of Automobile Demands Better System-State Aid Highway Law-County System of Trunk Highways-County Highway Commissioners-Road and Bridge Committee State Trunk Highway Law-State Trunk Highways in Barron County-Working Out of the System-Present Condition of Highways-Early Postal Routes-Railroads-Telephone Companies. 65-72

CHAPTER XIII. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL REVIEW.

(For Index See Back Part of This Volume.) 72-1017

CHAPTER XIV.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

Pioneer Schooldays-H. J. White Writes of Conditions in 1876-Growth of the System-Present Day Progress Written by Miss Regina Kohten, County Superintendent-Statistics-Reading Circle Work-County Nurse-Supervising Teachers-The Barron County Training School. 1018-1028

CHAPTER XV. BARRON COUNTY JOURNALISM.

Barron County Gazette-Barron County Shield-Barron County News -- Barron Republican-Chetek Alert-Cumberland Herald-Cumberland Advocate-Cumberland Free Press-The Eye-Cumberland Journal- Cloverland Star-Prairie Farm Breeze-Dallas Republican-Dallas Index-Turtle Lake Advance-Turtle Lake Bugle-Turtle Lake Times -Rice Lake Chronotype-Rice Lake Times-Rice Lake Leader-Rice Lake Journal and Review-Rice Lake Call-Rice Lake Union Herald- Cameron Independent-Cameron Review-Cameron Record. ... 1028-1032

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CHAPTER XVI. MODERN AGRICULTURE.

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Dairying and General Farm Activities-Dean Henry's Prophecy-First Blooded Holsteins-W. S. Grover's Efforts-First Blooded Jerseys- Work of Charles S. Taylor-Early Creameries and Cheese Factories -General Statistics-Cheese Factories and Creameries in 1920- Barron Cooperative Creamery Co .- Breeders' Associations-Holsteins, Guernseys and Jerseys-Sales Associations-Full Blooded Sires- Area Herd Tests-Accredited Herds-Cow Testing Associations- Swine Breeders' Associations-Potato Growers' Associations-Certi- fied Seed Potatoes-Kringle Rurals-Sugar Beets-Tobacco-Bee Keepers-Pea Canneries-Community Clubs-County Agents-Farm Bureau-Agricultural Society and Annual Fair-Oak Grove Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Co. 1032-1050

CHAPTER XVII. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION.

Creation-Organization-First Meetings-First Officers-Present Officers -Barron-Chetek-Sumner-Stanfold-Rice Lake-Prairie Farm- Dallas-Lakeland-Cedar Lake-Maple Grove-Clinton-Turtle Lake Dovre Cumberland-Vance Creek-Stanley-Oak Grove-Almena- Bear Lake-Crystal Lake-Doyle-Arland-Maple Plain-Present County Officers-County Board. 1050-1057

CHAPTER XVIII. RICE LAKE CITY.

Location and Advantages-Modern Activities-Early History-Knapp Stout & Co. Lumber Camp-Rice Lake in 1872-Platted in 1875-De- scription of Rice Lake in 1876 by Charles S. Taylor-Early Woodwork- ing-Rice Lake Lumber Co .- Park Falls Lumber Co .- Present Wood- working Establishments-Manufacturing-New Idea Potato Machine Co .- Inderrieden Canning Co. and Its Predecessors-Railroads-J. E. Horsman Promotes Local Railroad Company-Municipal History and Improvements-Public Schools-Postal Service-Military History- Local Militia Has Notable War Record-Churches-Banks-Tele- phones-Hospitals-Physicians-Library-Fraternities-Building and Loan Association-Creamery-Day Oral School-French Settlement. 1057-1075

CHAPTER XIX. BARRON CITY.

Location and Advantages-Modern Activities-Early History-John Quad- erer's Logging Camp-Descriptions by Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Taylor in 1876-Coming of the Railroad-Barron in 1884-Hardwood Indus- try-Brickmaking-Creamery-Canning Factory-Municipal History and Municipal Improvements-Cemeteries-Public Schools-Carnegie Library-County Buildings-Postal Service-Locations and Post- masters-Hospitals-Banks-Telephone-Woolen Mills-Churches- Fraternal and Patriotic Organizations. 1075-1087

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CHAPTER XX. CUMBERLAND CITY.

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Location and Advantages-The Island City-Indians and Their Camps- First Settlers-Township Organization-Early Days-Coming of the Railroad-Early Business Interests-Lumbering and Woodworking -Municipal History Records and Improvements-Farmers Light & Power Co .- Library-Cemetery-Public Schools-Postal Service- Banks-Manufacturing-Shipping Association-Breeders' Association -Creamery-Canning Factory and Pickling Station-Other Industrial Activities-Telephones-Hospital-City Officers-Italian Colony- Churches-Fraternities-Cumberland Pioneers 1087-1101

CHAPTER XXI. CHETEK CITY.

The City of Lakes-Location and Advantages-Early Settlers-Platted in 1875-Pioneer Business Activities-Chetek as a Summer Resort- Municipal History and Improvements-Chetek Light & Power Co .- Telephone Service-Banks-Creameries-Present Industries-Shipping Association-Public Schools-Chautauqua Grounds Circulating Li- brary-Churches-Cemetery-Military Organization-Fraternal and Patriotic Organizations. 1101-1109

CHAPTER XXII. TURTLE LAKE VILLAGE.

Location and Surroundings-First Settlers and Industries-Coming of the Railroads-Platting of the Village-Growth of Business-Early Elec- tions-Incorporation of the Village-Public Utilities-Present Busi- ness Enterprises-Schools-Churches-Fraternal Lodges. .. . .. 1110-1115

CHAPTER XXIII. CAMERON VILLAGE.

Location of the Village-Transportation Facilities-Synopsis of Public Utilities and Business Enterprises-Population-The Starting of Old Cameron-Building of Railroads-Removal to Present Site-Growth of the New Village-Early Merchants and Postmasters-Platting of Present Village-Its Incorporation-Public Utilities-Schoolhouses -Detailed Account of Chief Business Enterprises-Churches-Frater- nal Lodges and Societies. 1115-1119

CHAPTER XXIV. DALLAS VILLAGE.

Location and Surroundings-Pioneers of the Village-Establishment of Postoffice-Mills and Other Industries-Plats-Coming of the Rail- road-Incorporation of Village-First Election-Postmasters-School- house-Valuable Work Done by Two Women-Village Churches- Creamery, Bank and Other Business Enterprises-Pioneers of Dallas Township-Township Schools-Free Baptist Church. .1119-1126

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXV. PRAIRIE FARM VILLAGE.

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The Oldest Settlement in the County-Its Picturesque and Inland Location -Notable Landscape and Architectural Features-Patriotic Celebra- tions-Selection of Site-Knapp, Stout & Co.'s Activities-The Vil- lage Commences Business as Lumber Camp-Early Settlers and Indus- tries-When Platted-Postoffice-Incorporation-First Election-Parl Fire Department-Lighting-Schools and Churches-Mill-Creamery -Telephone-Lodges and Societies. .1126-1130

CHAPTER XXVI. HAUGEN VILLAGE.

Location-Surrounding Landscape Features-When Platted-When In- corporated-First Store and Postoffice-Coming of Railroad-Bohe- mian Settlers-Catholic Church Bohemian Societies-Lodges and Com- mercial Club-Water Supply-Summer Resort Facilities-Business Activities-Public School. 1130-1132

CHAPTER XXVII. OTHER VILLAGES.

Almena-Poskin-Canton-Hillsdale-Campia-Brill - Comstock-Barro- nett-Mikana-Angus - Reeve-Arland-Lehigh - Horseman-Per- ley-Sprague-Granite Lake Cartwright-Dobie. 1133-1147

CHAPTER XXVIII.

THE NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHURCH IN BARRON COUNTY.

Rev. A. Johnson and Rev. C. J. Helsem the First Pastors Story of the Indi- vidual Congregations-Faaberg-Lolland-Solum-Aker-Rice Lake -Otterholt-Maple Grove-Lakeland-Poskin-Cedar Lake-Dovre -East Cumberland-Chetek-Concordia-Original Concordia-Com- stock-Barron-Cumberland-Dallas-Our Saviour's-Stanfold-Cam- eron-Haugen-Bethany-By Rev. J. E. Nord. 1147-1151

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CHAPTER I.

GEOGRAPHY.

Barron county is one of the leading dairy regions of the Northwest. Its chief advantages are a soil and climate well adapted to all forms of agricul- ture, advantages of which the dairymen are at the present time making the greatest use, and which are not being neglected by farmers along other lines.

Supplementing these advantages is the county's location at the con- vergence of many important routes of railroad and highway travel and trans- portation.

Barron county now has twenty-one creameries with a production of over five million pounds yearly and 44 cheese factories with a yearly production of over six million pounds. More than 300 breeders of pure bred Guernseys and Holsteins belong to the two breeders' associations.

While the main branch of farming in the county is dairying there are several other lines of noteworthy importance, namely: potato, pea, cabbage, root crops and clover seed production. Barron is the third county in Wis- consin in potato production and produces more first quality potatoes than any other county or section of the state. The total shipment for 1920 was 2,344 cars. Certified seed potato production has been developed to a high state of perfection and buyers and growers from all parts of the United States secure certified seed from Barron county. During the season of 1920, 18,000 bushels of certified seed was produced in Barron county and sold at fancy prices.

Barron county has the largest pea cannery in the world located at Rice Lake and a second cannery nearly as large located at Barron. There are four other pea canneries which secure their product from the fields of Bar- ron county, located at Chetek, Cumberland, Turtle Lake and Clear Lake. The total acreage devoted to peas equals 6,500 acres with the resultant produc- tion from the canneries of 475,000 cases of canned green peas a year. Clover and grass seeds during the last year approximated one-half million pounds. The production of tobacco and of pedigree seed grains are lines of growing importance. Thus potatoes, peas, clover seed, seed grains and tobacco all produce ready cash for the farmer and add much to the prosperity of Barron county dairymen.

Rice Lake is still a lumbering center but its material is obtained outside the county.

Barron county is located in northwestern Wisconsin. Its northern bound- ary is 75 miles south of Lake Superior from which it is separated by Wash- burn and Douglas counties. Its western boundary is some 25 miles east from the St. Croix river from which it is separated by Polk county. Its southern boundary is about fifty miles north from the Mississippi river from which it is separated by Dunn, Pepin and Buffalo counties. The southern boundary of the county also lies on a line about 366 miles north from the extreme southern boundary of the state.

The meridian of 92 degrees, west longitude, passes through the western part of the county. The forty-fifth parallel, north latitude, is some fifteen miles to the southward, and the forty-sixth parallel some twenty-five miles to the northward.

Nearly all the streams are tributary to the Chippewa river. The water- shed between the Chippewa and St. Croix rivers is near the western boundary, and a few small creeks in the extreme west drain into the last named stream.

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HISTORY OF BARRON COUNTY

The county is bounded on the north by Burnett and Washburn counties, on the east by Rusk and Chippewa counties, on the south by Chippewa and Dunn counties, and on the west by Polk county.

The area is thirty miles square, containing a land area of about 878 square miles or about 566,400 square acres. The county is about the size of the state of Rhode Island.

The county embraces townships 32 to 36, north, inclusive, ranges 10 to 14, west, inclusive.

The mean annual temperature is between 41 and 42 degrees. The average date of the last killing frost is from May 20, to June 1, except in the extreme northeastern part, where it is a little later. The first killing frost averages from Sept. 15 to 20 except in the extreme northeastern part where it is a little earlier. The average growing season between frosts is 115 days. With the passing of the forests, however, the seasons are changing and the growing seasons growing longer.

The mean precipitation or annual rainfall and snowfall is between 36 and 40 inches. In the extreme western part it is between 40 and 44 inches. The wettest season is in May, June and July.

The land is rolling enough to secure a good natural drainage, with a predominant southwestwardly declination. The combination of gently slop- ing hills, with vales between, adds much to the natural beauty of the land- scape.

The surface varies from slightly undulating in the northern part where the drift deposits are abundant, to hilly in the southern part, where the drift is thin and the sandstone formation is deeply cut by the rivers and streams. A belt of low, hilly terminal moraine extends across the northeastern, and also the northwestern parts of the county. Quartzite ridges are prominent fea- tures east of Rice Lake and north of Canton and Lehigh. A broad valley bot- tom plain lies along the Red Cedar river in the vicinity of Rice Lake, Cameron and Chetek. A similar valley, more narrow, is occupied by the Vermillion river at Barron and east of Cumberland, and by the Hay river at Prairie Farm. The soils in the bottom lands are generally sandy loams and silt loams, while those on the uplands are generally silt loams.

The geological formations are the Barron quartzite, in the eastern part of the county, and the Upper Cambrian (Potsdam) sandstone over the remain- ing parts of the county. The Lower Magnesian limestone caps the upland ridges in the southwestern part.

Glacial drift is an abundant formation over the bed rock in the eastern, northern and western parts of the county. Alluvial gravel and sand forms a broad plain along the Red Cedar river and its tributaries in the central and southern parts of the county.

The thickness of the surface formations of glacial drift in the inter- stream areas, in the northern part, reaches probably a maximum of 150 to 200 feet, though the thickness is usually 25 to 50 feet. The thickness of the alluvial sand and gravel in the valleys probably reaches 200 to 250 feet in the deepest parts of the old channels. The complete thickness of the Upper Cam- brian (Potsdam) sandstone is preserved only where overlaid by the Lower Magnesian limestone in the southwestern part of the county.

The water bearing horizons are the sandstone, the glacial drift, and the alluvial sands and gravels along the rivers. The wells are of variable depth from 10 to 30 feet in the valleys up to 200 feet upon the upland ridges. Well records show a depth of drift of over 200 feet in places north of Barron and west of Rice Lake.

Springs are a common source of water supply in the valley bottoms of the southwestern part of the county. These springs are specially abundant along the Hay river and the tributaries and are a source of an excellent water sup- ply on many farms.

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HISTORY OF BARRON COUNTY

The altitudes generally range from 1,000 to 1,200 feet along the valley bottoms, and 1,200 to 1,400 feet over the intervalley areas. The quartzite ridges east of Rice Lake, and north of Lehigh and Canton, reach a maximum altitude of over 1,600 feet.

The highest land on the railroad grade is at Baronette where the eleva- tion is 1,375 feet. The lowest along the railroad grade is at Cameron, where it is 1,099 feet. The other elevations in the county, taken at railroad sta- tions are as follows: Almena, 1,191; Barron, 1,120; Brill, 1,192; Campia, 1,168; Canton, 1,101; Chetek, 1,048; Comstock, 1,282; Cumberland, 1,242; Dallas, 1,156; Haugen, 1,224; Hillsdale, 1,197; Lehigh, 1,223; Mikana, 1,175; Poskin Lake, 1,176; Rice Lake, 1,112; Turtle Lake, 1,267; Tuscobia, 1,184.

The county is dotted with many fresh-water lakes, forming the head- waters of several large streams and many brooks. There are also a number of artificial lakes caused by the building of dams.

The Chetek lakes, Chetek, Prairie and Pokegema, are a group of three fine lakes located in the southeast corner of the county, and almost wholly in the town of Chetek. Of these lakes, Prairie lake is the largest, being, accord- ing to the most recent surveys, nearly six miles long, and at its widest part about three-fourths of a mile wide. Lake Chetek has an extreme length of about three miles and a width of about one and a quarter miles. Chetek city is on Chetek lake. Prairie Lake and Lake Chetek join, making a continuous body of water. Pokegema Lake is about one and three-quarters miles long and three quarters of a mile wide. Mud Lake, a smaller body of water, lies north of Pokegema, and is connected with it and Prairie lake by narrow channels. These lakes are drained by Chetek river, a tributary of the Red Cedar (Menomonie) river, with which it unites in Dovre township. In the eastern part of Chetek township is Taber's lake. Bass lake is in the southern part, Jacobson's lake in the central part.

The name Chetek is of Chippewa origin, and is said to be the Indian name for pelican. Pokegema is said by E. P. Wheeler, formerly of La Pointe, whose manuscript Chippewa vocabulary is in the possession of the State Historical Society, to be a corrupted form of "Bu-ka-gum-ma", meaning "the river divides." Verwyst gives it as "Bakagama", or "branch lake", that is a lake which is the branch of another, usually a larger lake. Prof. J. D. Butler (Wis. Hist. Colls., IX, pp. 118-119) renders it "Pocagamah", and says that it is a Chippewa word for "Confluence."

Sand, Little Sand, Kidney and Beaver Dam lakes form a pretty chain in Maple Plain township. Upon the last named lake, which corners in Maple Plain, Crystal Lake, Lakeland and Cumberland townships, is located the city of Cumberland. In the northern part of Maple Plain township is Little Horseshoe lake. In the township are also Kirby, Bryer, Spirit, Bass and other smaller lakes.

Devils lake is partly in Oak Grove township, and Long lake just north of its boundary line. Tuscobia lake is also in Oak Grove township. Red Cedar lake is a large lake in Cedar Lake township. In the township are also Hem- lock, Maple, Pickerel and Twin lakes.

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History of Barron County Wisconsin, Part 1

Author: Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge Publication date: 1922 Publisher: Number of Pages: 1767

Author: Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge
Publication date: 1922
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1767