USA > Wisconsin > Sauk County > A standard history of Sauk County, Wisconsin, Volume I > Part 3
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Sauk County News, 494
"Sauk County Schools," 286 Sauk County Schools (views), 283
Sauk Prairie, 163, 376, 416; settlers, 121 Sauk Prairie in 1841, 400 Sawmills, 84 Scene near Fern Dell, 409
Scenes in Sauk County, 1 Scenic features, 23
Schewe, Henry F., 652
Schlag, Herman, 846
Schlag, Mrs. Robert, 820
Schlag, Robert, 820
Schlickau, August, 596 Schlickau, Henry, 595 Schlosser, Anton, 962 Schluter, William C., 1103
Schmidt, Ferdinand, 1031
Schmidt, Mrs. J. U., 695
Schneider, Nicholas, 728
Schneller, Paul, 892
Schneller, Peter, 906
Schoephorter, Fred, 1036
Schools, 284, 431, 469, 488, 492, 498, 502, 5.61 Schools and Scholars of long ago, 297
"Schreiber, Louis, 850 Schroeder Frederick, 1064 Schubring, Fred L., 884 Schubring, Herman, 842 Schuette, Ernest, 1101
Schuette, Gerhart, 898 Schultz, Fred W., 810 Schulz, George F., 1120 Schulz, Julius, 1089
Schulze, Albert, 1041 Schutte, Fred W., 958 Schwanz, Louis, 1047 Schwartz, George, 981
Schwartz, Joseph, 929
Schwartz, Michael, 928
Schwartz, Roselia, 981
Schwartz, Thomas, 928 Schwarz, George, 743 Schweke, Dietrich G., 1066
Schweke, Gustav C., 1004
Seals of the county boards, 224
Seamans, George J., 659
Searle, Samuel P., 876
Second Wisconsin Infantry, 339
Seeley. Morris E., 968
Seils, Gustav, 832 Seventeenth Wisconsin Regiment, 344 Seventh Wisconsin Regiment, 340 Shelden, Charles F., 961 Shultis, Enoch, 701 Siebecker, Robert G., 265 Siggelkow. William, 678 Sixth Battery, 351
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Sixth Regiment, 340 Skillet Creek, 8, 416 Skillet Falls, 416 Skillet Falls (view), 2 Smaller animals, 121 Smith, Alexander, 901 Smith, Herbert, 959 Smith, Mrs. George W., 959 Smith, Wilbur E., 576 Soldiers' Monument, 356 Soldiers of the Mexican War, 334 Soltwedel, William, 658 Songs of the German farmers, 556 Sorg, Henry, 909 Sorge, Henry W., 587 Sosinsky, William, 1097 Southern Sauk Connty, 55ยบ Spanish-American war, 357 Spencer, Charles L., 874
Spring Green, 219; first railroad village in county, 495; reincorporated, 496; original town, 496; origin of name, 497, 500; schools, 198, 502; churches, 198, 502; pioneers, 498; societies, 504; newspapers, 505; banks, 505; naming of, 563
Spring Green High School (view), 283
Stabnow, Ernest F., 939 Stabnow, John P., 938
Stackhouse, William, Sr., 650
Stadler, Charles, 727
Stage drivers, last of the old, 318 Stage Lines, passing of, 311; leading, 319; present, 323 Standow, Mrs. Otto, 1079
Stanley Company, 805 Stanley, Herbert H., 806
Stanley, James, 397
Stanley, Whiting D., 805 State Bank of Reedsburg, 481
State Bank of Spring Green, 505 State Bank, Sauk City, 487
State Fairs, 60 State Park, Devil's Lake, 3, 38 Statistics, 251
Steamboat ventures, 207 Steckelberg, Henry, 974 Steele, Albert P., 918 Steele, Roy C., 939 Steidtmann, Edwin, 801
Steinhorst, Henry, 767 Stelter, Henry, 779 Steuber, John D., 683 Stenber, L. J., 796 Stock Breeders' Associations, 64 Stoddard, Charles H., 785 Stoeckmann, William, 751 Stolte, William A., 1038 Stone, Herman E., 753
Stone, James A., 861 Stone, John P., 638 Stout, A. B., 131 Strang, Frank A., 1034 Street Scene in Sauk City (view), 484 Strong, Moses M., 366 Strutz, Albert, 1079 Sugar beet industry, 58 Supreme court judges, 265
INDEX
Surface geology, 1
Surveys in county, 211
Sussner, Peter, 1005
Sussner, William, 1076
Tait, John, 1031 Tait, Thomas, 1052
Taverns, 312
Taylor, Alvena B., 957
Taylor, Robert F., 956
Teel, Aaron F., 866
Teel, Albert, 945
Teel, Charles, 942
Teel, Kate, 942
Tennant, Frank, 991
Territorial county officers, 224
Terry, Edmond J., 808
Terry, Edward P., 868
Terry, James M., 913
Terry, Jolin, Jr., 954
Terry, Joseph P., 710
Terry, William, 615
The Narrows 24
Thieding, W. J., 675
Thies, August, 599
Third Avenue, Looking East, Baraboo (view ), 150
Thoelke, Henry, 736
Thomas, Edward R., 823
Thompson, Fraueis J., 1072
Thornton, Harry, 1069
Thuerer, George T., 983
Tiele, Henry G., 592
Tiukham, Henry H., 641
Toole Farm, 76
Toole, William, 70, 616
Tower, James, 89
Townsend, William H., 1017
Township government, 225
Transportation, 301
Trees, 16, 74 Trimpey, E. Burt, 706
Trinity Episcopal Church, Baraboo, 452
Tripp, J. Stephen, 1001
Tripp, J. S. ( portrait), 492
Tripp Memorial (view), 493
Troy, 417, 559; schools, 561; naming of,
True, Gordon H., 739
True, John M., 94, 607
True, Rodney II., 799
Trueb, Alfred, 748
Tudor, Thomas H., 358
Turk's Head, Z
Turner, James H., 866 Turner, Longfellow, 627
Tuttle. Charles R., 680 Twelfth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry, 343
Twentieth Century Club, 452
Twenty-sixth Regimeut, Wisconsin In. fantry, 347
Twenty-third Regiment, Wisconsin In- fantrv, 346
Tyler, M. J., 684 Typical district schoolhouse (view), 283
Trich. Louis, 843 I'nited Brethren, 477
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Upper Narrows, 417 Upper Narrows of the Baraboo, 5 Upper Sauk, 489 Upper Skillet Falls, 2 Upper Water Power, 304
Van Orden, Jacob, 965 Veteran schoolhouse, 299 View of North Freedom Village, 508 Voeck, John, 790
Wadleigh, John E., 1066 Wakefield, Sidney E., 773
Walster, Albert, 618
Waterbury, Judson W., 746
Water power, present utilization of, 87 Waterstreet, William F., 1009
Water ways, 301 Weidenkopf, George, 1024 Weidman, Grant, 960 Weidman, Henry A., 971 Weidman, Samuel, 18, 1043
Weinke, Herman, 777
Weirich, Emil, 731
Weirich, George, 729
Weirich, Henry, 647
Weirich, Joseph I., 342
Weirich, Louis, 731
Weirich, Mrs. Henry, 647
Weiss, John B., 628
Weitzel, Joseph J., 1124 Welch, David E., 687
Welch, Samuel, 645 Westedt, Henry, 1006 Westfall, Charles, 958 Westfall, Dora B., 957 Westfield, 417, 522
West Sauk Road Before and After Im- provement (views), 325
Wheeler, Nels, 273 White Mound, 566 Whitman, Charles W., 691
Wichern, Carl W., 819 Wichern, Louis, 649 Wichern, William, 755 Wilcox, Norris, 953
Wild animals, Lu2 Wild Cat Cave, Z Wild Honey, &1 Wilkinson, Aaron, 555 Wilkinson, Charles F., 1070
Wilkinsons, 555 Wilson Creek, 417, 562 Wilson, John, 202, 56% Winchester, Walter F., 972 + Winckler, Anthony S., 964 Winnebagoes, 166 Winnebago War, 169
1. Wisconsin Humane Society, 460 Wisconsin Hydraulic Company, 537 Wisconsin Marine Band, 459 Wisconsin Pineries, 36 Wisconsin river, 2, 305, 519; first bridge across, 490 Wisconsin River Power Company, 307
Wisconsin River Trail, 163
With a Teacher in the Game (view), 292
Withington, Arthur C., 981
Woffenschmidt, Caroline, 899
Woffenschmidt, Fred, 742
Woffenschmidt, Henry, 899
Woman's Club, 456
Woman's Co-operative Civic League, 458 Women's Organizations, 478 Wood, Abraham, 111, 192, 259, 390 Wood, Edgar A., 1020 Woolen mill, first, 84
Wyse, W. A., 357
Yellow Thunder, 171; recollections of, 172; death and burial of, 179 Yellow Thunder Memorial Pillar, 180 Young, A. L., 807 Young, Ephraim W., 267
Young, George, 1024
Young Men's Christian Association, 459, 479
Zaunt, Frank J., 1120 Zeigler, August O., 816 Zins, Peter, 643 Zuch, Christopher A., 891
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SCENES IN SAUK COUNTY
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History of Sauk County
CHAPTER I
NATURE'S WORK
EPIC OF WATER AND ICE-THE BARABOO AND WISCONSIN RIVERS-THE HOARY FEATURES OF DEVIL'S LAKE-MEETING OF THE PREIIISTORIC AND THE HISTORIC-THE BARABOO BLUFFS OR RIDGES-THE NARROWS OF THE BARABOO RIVER-THE NARROWS OF NARROWS CREEK-WESTERN END OF NORTH RANGE-WESTERN END OF SOUTH RANGE-THE HONEY CREEK REGION-FANTASTIC FEATURES OF DEVIL'S LAKE-PREHISTORIC MOUNDS AT THE LAKE-PEWIT'S NEST OF SKILLET CREEK-THE UPPER SKILLET FALLS-PARFREY GORGE-DURWARD GLEN-LIFE OF THE BUYER OF THE GLEN-VIEW FROM PROSPECT HILL-HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS IN THE COUNTY-NOT A COUNTY OF LAKES-THE BARABOO VALLEY LANDS-BASIN OF BABR'S CREEK-LITTLE BARABOO VALLEY-LANDS IN THE UPPER BARABOO VALLEY-THE COPPER CREEK VALLEY-THE VALLEY OF DELL CREEK-FERTILE VALLEY OF HONEY CREEK-RICH GRAZING SECTION-THE TREES OF THE COUNTY.
Sauk County is like an individual to whom you are at first attracted by evident nobility of feature, for whom upon closer acquaintance and knowledge of special traits, the instinctive liking grows, and who, with longer lapse of time and greater opportunities for investigation and calm judgment, becomes an object of both pride and affection. There are few sections in Wisconsin which, by nature, are so attractive, and which so grow upon the mind and the imagination with closer acquaint- ance and basic knowledge. The scenery is superb and varied, and completely fills the eye and the imagination when the secrets of its prehistoric molding are unfolded through the labors and the publications of geologists and other natural scientists.
EPIC OF WATER AND ICE
The surface geology of Sauk County, which deals with the features which we see and admire, is primarily a story of the long applied and Vol. 1-1
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HISTORY OF SAUK COUNTY
resistless forces of water and ice. It is an epic of great bodies of water, depositing vast plains and hills of sand and pressing them into stone, of the formation of super-Mississippis which plowed their ragged channels according to the laws of gravity and least resistance, of tremendous glacial movements from the north and the northeast bringing mountains of ice and firestones to dam the gigantie rivers of the southern country.
In the geological beginning, during Cambrian times, when sand from the north was brought down and piled up a mile deep, were formed the Baraboo Bluffs, extending generally east and west for twenty-five miles through the eastern and central sections of Sauk County. The southern range or bluff was the more prominent, and arose from a com- paratively level expanse of sand which had become sandstone and then quartzite. With the rising and deposits of oceanic waters, this elevated mass was afterward completely buried in sandstone and limestone. Dur- ing other long ages the fossil range was partly exhumed by the wear and pressure of the encompassing waters, and prior to that time the Wisconsin or other larger prehistorie river cut a gorge of at least 1000 feet through the southern bluff. Through this great gap poured the torrent now known as the Wisconsin River, which was afterward, in the glacial epoch, interrupted in its course and turned to the eastward.
THE BARABOO AND WISCONSIN RIVERS
Speaking in modern geographie terms, the main stream of the Wis- consin enters the gorge known as the Dells, or Rapids, not far above the southern boundary line of Juneau and Adams counties. At the foot of this seven miles of wonderland, lying in Columbia County opposite Sauk, the river enters upon the most remarkable bend in its whole length of 450 miles through the entire State of Wisconsin. Through the Dells its general course is southward, but it is now turned almost due east by a hard, sharp quartzite range, like a flint arrow-head, which stands for the union of the Baraboo Bluffs pushing themselves in from Sauk County. Rising some 400 feet above the river bottom it effectually turns the Wisconsin from its southerly course through the narrow Dells. The river then widens and naturally flows between low sand banks for seventeen miles to Portage.
THE HOARY FEATURES OF DEVIL'S LAKE
With the damming of the great Wisconsin River by the northeastern glaciers a lake was created in the great southern bluff. In its forward movement, the ice in the shape of two tongues, piled up great walls of granite bloeks and earth. With the melting of the iee a glacial body of water was formed now known as Devil's Lake, which, 35,000 or 80,000 years ago, during the ice epoch was much higher than it is today, the
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water extending about a third of the way up the bluffs. This is shown by the drift boulders on the sides of the gorge. Borings at the north end of the lake which have penetrated nearly 300 feet have not yet reached the old river bed. It is evident to geologists that the Devil's Lake region represents an older page of nature than has been revealed by either the Rocky Mountains or the Himalayas.
MEETING OF THE PREHISTORIC AND THE HISTORIC
The following are well-authenticated facts about Devil's Lake: Situated three miles south of Baraboo, it lies 120 feet above the river at that point; the east bluff averages 610 feet, the west, 500 feet and the south, or Devil's Nose, 545 feet; its greatest length is 11/4 miles and average width, 2,200 feet, or two-fifths of a mile; the greatest depth of the lake, which, for years was pronounced unfathomable, is 43 feet, and its average depth, 30 feet; its circumferance is 31/4 miles, and its area 388 aeres, or three-fifths of a square mile; height above sea- level at low water, 955 feet and at high water, 959 feet; volume at low water, 17,258,000 eubic yards, or 3,495,245,000 gallons. The lake is fed by several springs and two ereeks. It has no visible outlet. The greater portion of Devil's Lake is included in the State Park, a tract of about 1,040 acres which was set aside by the Wisconsin State Legislature in 1909 to preserve this beautiful region, so eharming to the eye, so mellowed with legend and romanee, and of such absorbing interest to the scientist that it has become the mecca for those of his type in both hemispheres. Its eliffs are ancient even when measured by the eons of geology and symbolie evidences of a long-departed race are preserved along its shores.
For about forty-six years the Chicago & Northwestern Railway has skirted the eastern borders of Devil's Lake, perpetuating its famous echoes in vastly increased volume and, if statement of old-time eliff travelers may be credited, going far toward the expulsion of venomous reptiles which formerly made those wild haunts of terror for those inclined to be timid. At one end of the lake a dance hall, refreshment pavilion, docks for boating and diving, and at the other end, corn fields, a hotel and the railroad depot, with pretty cottages tucked away in the dense foliage covering the few gradual slopes toward the cool elear lake-these are other striking features of a region which is noted throughout the country as an impressive link between the past, before history was, and the very present, when history is in the making.
When these bold impressive features of nature's wonderwork in Sauk County have been impressed upon the visitor and reader, the details are readily marshalled and mastered. Logically and scientifically, these include a re-examination of the most prominent natural features of the region, the Baraboo Bluffs; a survey of the prairie country to the south; a notation and brief description of the water courses and
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HISTORY OF SAUK COUNTY
valleys of the county, as determined by its surface geology, and a sweeping picture of the special points of natural interest within the area embraced by this history.
THE BARABOO BLUFFS OR RIDGES
Scattered throughout Central Wisconsin prior to the oncoming of the glacial fields from the north and cast were elevated islands of a moundlike form, or more pronounced reefs and ledges. With the excep- tion of the Baraboo Ranges they were generally of small area and comparatively of small height. But they were all buried, more or less completely by the glacial debris. As they have come under the observa-" tion of modern observers, the lower heights are from 50 to 250 feet, and are usually even lower than the outlying bluffs of the horizontal strata, laid down after the passage of the glacial fields. The Baraboo group, unlike the others, constitutes a series of bold ridges, the highest eleva- tions of which are reached around Devil's Lake. The composition of the rocks varies in different localities, embracing quartzite, porphyry, granite and schist; sometimes in distinct formations, and at other times over- lapping. The rocks are generally distinctly bedded and tilted at rather high angles. In Sauk County, much the larger area is occupied by the quartzite formations; so much so that they are often spoken of as quartzite ranges.
As stated, the Baraboo Bluffs constitute two east and west ranges extending into the county from the mouth of the Baraboo River for a distance of nearly twenty-five miles. They pass through the towns of Caledonia, Columbia County, and Greenfield, Merrimack, Sumter, Baraboo, Honey Creek, Freedom, Excelsior and Westfield, Sauk County. Gradually rising from the great bend of the Wisconsin River, in Colum- bia County, they also spread apart until about midway in their lengths the valley is four miles across. At that point they are united by a bold north and south cross ridge, with a quartzite core, and beyond the bluffs continue to diverge more gradually, so that at their western extremity they are five miles apart. The southern quartzite range, which is by far the bolder, is broken down only in the gorge provided for Devil's Lake. In places the range is heavily timbered and carries a heavy clay soil, which has been the making of numerous excellent farms. This soil occurs both on the quartzite and high-level sandstone. The higher portions of the southern range have a width of from one to four miles, its outline being very irregular on account of the deep valleys which indent its sides, many of which proclaim their antiquity by the huge layers of sandstone overlying the massive quartzite formations.
For about seven miles west of the commencement of the bluffs in Columbia County, the northern bluffs form a continuous range about 300 feet in height and less than a mile in width. Further west its height
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lessens, and then increases until where it joins the cross ridge it is some 300 feet. Although indefinite in its middle portions the higher ground never entirely disappears along the line of the range except at the three points where the Baraboo River and one of its tributaries cut through in deep gorges.
THE NARROWS OF THE BARABOO RIVER
The first of these, going westward from the Wisconsin River, is known as the Lower Narrows of the Baraboo. The gorge, which is seven miles east of Baraboo, occupies portions of section 23, Fairfield Township, and Scetion 26, Greenfield. Nearly half a mile in width, the passage is inelosed by cliffs of quartzite and sandstone which rise 400 feet above the river and level bottom lands. The gorge is much wider than needed by the small stream, which now flows through it, and is probably the remains of a greater river. A mile south of the Lower Narrows is a limestone quarry, from which have been taken some fine specimens of trilobites, fossil lilies, shells and other remains of prehis- toric sea-life, great and small. The gorge itself exposes only quartzite and horizontal sandstone. West from the Lower Narrows for about two miles the north face of the range continues to show beds of quartz porphyry, increasing in breadth. They have been traced to the south side of section 16, almost continuously; beyond that point, to the Upper Narrows, they are only occasional.
Nine and a half miles west of Baraboo, the river breaks through the north quartzite range in a narrow gorge, about 200 feet wide and about half a mile long. The quartzite walls, overtopped by sandstone and conglomerate, rise sheer 300 or 400 feet and present a fine exposure. At the jaws, or southern opening of the Upper Narrows, are seen the sandstone layers, usually horizontal, alternately hard and quartzitie, and soft and friable, overlying heavy beds of pinkish-gray and purple quartzite. It is this locality, with the Village of Ableman as the center, that the largest quarries of quartzite and sandstone have been developed. To be more definite, the Upper Narrows of the Baraboo are on sections 28 and 29, in the Town of Excelsior.
THE NARROWS OF NARROWS CREEK
Narrows Creek branches off from the Baraboo toward the west, run- ning through Ableman Village and section 32. It flows through a gorge in section 31, which is a smaller edition of the Upper Narrows of the Baraboo. This is known as the Narrows of Narrows Creek, and between the two gorges the summit of the range is quite level. There are a number of striking rocks well worth visiting both at the Upper Narrows and the Narrows of Narrows Creek.
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WESTERN END OF NORTH RANGE
Westward from the passage of Narrows Creek the north range curves southward to meet the north-and-south ridge that connects it with the southern or main range; this is near the center of section 36, Reedsburg Township, a mile south of the Narrows Creek and marks the western end of the northern range. Just west of that locality is a rocky ravine, 100 feet deep, which shows the quartzite flanked on the north by heavy beds of conglomerate and friable sandstone. The quartzite occurs only on the eastern wall of the ravine, its western face being entirely of sandstone.
South from the center of section 36, along the connecting ridge, the ground rises steadily for several miles, the outerops being usually hori- zontal sandstone strata, until in the northern part of section 13, Town of Westfield, an elevation of over 600 feet is reached. Westward the elevation remains about the same and the observer passes into the area of magnesian limestone.
WESTERN END OF SOUTH RANGE
In section 35, Westfield Township, occurs a pronounced outerop of quartzite, in a ravine, this being the western end of the southern Baraboo Range and is on the watershed between the Baraboo and Wisconsin River systems. From this point the southern range stretches broadly and boldly to Devil's Lake. The southern slope of the range is in the northern sections of Honey Creek Township, and sheds the waters of the stream by that name toward the Wisconsin. On the northern slope, in Freedom, the streams flowing north into the Baraboo set back into the ridge in deep ravines, about which sandstone oceurs at high levels
THE HONEY CREEK REGION
The Honey Creek Bluffs abound in fantastie and rugged sandstone scenery. Among the most striking are the Nigger Head Rock, with characteristic profile and summit covered with juniper or other vegeta- tion, which the ordinary imagination might conjure into woolly hair, and the pillars which support one end of a bold bluff. At the head of the east branch of Honey Creek is a pretty waterfall-that is, in high water. Of a most permanent nature, however, is the picturesque natural bridge, about a mile northeast of Leland, in section 17. The archway is twenty feet high and the bridge stands on a spur jutting from the side of the bluffs, its upper part standing some fifty feet above the floor. Underneath the floor of the archway is a eave, the combined formation being extremely fantastic.
In Sumpter Township, the south slope of the range is quite abrupt, owing to the low ground of Sauk Prairie, which stretches from the foot
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of the bluffs for eight or nine miles to the southward. All along the slope to the prairie, as well as on the north slope to the very Devil's Nose of the Lake, are rough exposures of granular quartzite.
FANTASTIC FEATURES OF DEVIL'S LAKE
The great quartzite rocks, which have given Devil's Lake its name and its fame, are piled along its eastern, southern and western shores. In places the loose structures seem like the playhouses of titans, balanc- ing rock upon rock in the most skillful combinations; placing a keystone here and another there, with whose removal would come tumbling into the lake great towers and cathedrals.
The special features of the east bluff are the Devil's Doorway and Elephant Rock. . The Doorway stands some 400 feet above the surface of the lake, and comprises two well-defined columns of bowlder stone standing side by side and reaching probably forty fect above the base. The cap-stone of each column appears to have fallen at the same moment and, catching a key-stone between, formed an arch, or lintel.
Elephant rock is a large sandstone bowlder near the foot of the bluff, some 14 feet long and 8 feet high, and resembles a mam- moth lying upon its side with well-shaped head and ear. A .facetious climber remarks that "there are many other fantastically shaped rocks on the east bluff, which a well developed imagination might form into various things, from a drygoods box to a locomotive." Wild Cat Cave and Lookout Rock, near the top of the bluff, are well-named favorites. In a pronounced outcrop of hard quartzite near the Devil's Doorway is a series of remarkable pot holes. Each would hold a couple of gallons of water, being perhaps eighteen inches in depth, with an interior surface worn as smooth as glass. Probably in some age long past a churning stone, or pebble, commenced its patient labors and in the accomplish- inent of its destiny wore itself to powder or was finally washed away by flood.
From the west bluff stand out most strikingly, Turk's Head and Cleopatra's Needle. To be really consistent these Oriental features should have been carved in the east bluff. The latter, which is fifty feet high is not appropriately named, as it is far from being an obelisk, but rather a triangular shaped pile of stones.
A short distance north of the Needle is a rocky promontory, the profile of which resembles the turbaned head of a Turk, the lower part of his hody (if it is there) being hidden in a growth of tall pines.
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