USA > Wisconsin > Buffalo County > History of Buffalo and Pepin Counties Wisconsin (Volume 2) > Part 61
USA > Wisconsin > Pepin County > History of Buffalo and Pepin Counties Wisconsin (Volume 2) > Part 61
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306, and the steers, bulls and calves 550. There were but 30 sheep in the county, but the swine industry had become important, there being 1,391 hogs, a little more than one for every two people in the county. The total live stock in the county had an estimated value of $35,543. Corn was the principal crop, there being raised 27,910 bushels of corn, 19,775 bushels of potatoes, 16,741 bushels of wheat, 13,728 bushels of oats, and 164 bushels of rye. An estimate of the peas and beans raised was 364 bushels. The tobacco, all grown for home use, amounted to about fifty pounds. The thirty sheep produced but 70 pounds of wool, all used at home.
The story of agriculture in the county since then is briefly told in the statistics of the United States census as follows:
1870. Number of farms, 471; under three acres, 8; from 3 to 9 acres, inclusive, 28; from 10 to 19 acres, inclusive, 59; from 20 to 49 acres, in- clusive, 218; from 50 to 99 acres, inclusive, 124; 100 to 500 acres, inclusive, 34. 1880. Number of farms, 902; from 3 to 9 acres, inclusive, 5; from 10 to 19 acres, inclusive, 18; from 20 to 49 acres, inclusive, 172; from 50 to 99 acres, inclusive, 324; from 100 to 499 acres, 381; from 500 to 999 acres, inclusive, 2. 1890. Number of farms, 964; from 3 to 9 acres, inclu- sive, 3; from 10 to 19 acres, inclusive, 9; from 20 to 49 acres, inclusive, 204; from 50 to 99 acres inclusive, 293; from 100 to 499 acres, inclusive, 449; from 500 to 999 acres inclusive, 5; over 1,000 acres, 1. 1900. Number of farms, 1,054; under 3 acres, 5; from 3 to 9 acres, inclusive, 15; from 10 to 19 acres, inclusive, 10; from 20 to 49 acres, inclusive, 168; from 50 to 99 acres, inclusive, 278; from 100 to 499 acres, inclusive, 578; from 500 to 999 acres inclusive, 5. 1910. Number of farms, 1,038; under 3 acres, 3; from 3 to 9 acres, inclusive, 19; from 10 to 19 acres, inclusive, 33; from 20 to 49 acres, inclusive, 150; from 50 to 99 acres, inclusive, 259; from 100 to 499 acres inclusive, 564; from 500 to 999 acres inclusive, 10.
In the half century from 1860 to 1910 the cultivated area increased from 5,271 acres to 61,500 acres, and the value of farm land and buildings increased from $228,780 to $4,931,201.
Oxen: 1870-491; 1880-142; 1890-94. Dairy cows: 1870-1,298; 1880-2,275; 1890-3,455; 1900-4,062; 1910-6,593. Horses: 1870- 958; 1880-1,664; 1890-2,438; 1900-2,775; 1910-3,406. Asses and bur- ros : 1870-30; 1880-144; 1890-82; 1900-28; 1910-11. Swine: 1870 -2,818; 1880-3,415; 1890-6,712; 1900-14,316; 1910-12,495. Sheep: 1870-2,746; 1880-3,560; 1890-4,159; 1900-5,046; 1910-7,572.
Corn: 1870-108,232 bushels; 1880-158,013 bushels, 5,553 acres; 1890-268,431 bushels, 9,803 acres; 1900-345,290 bushels, 11,581 acres; 1910-314,305 bushels, 10,470 acres. Oats: 1870-79,378 bushels; 1880- 135,541 bushels, 4,125 acres; 1890-244,897 bushels, 7,175 acres; 1900- 446,720 bushels, 12,111 acres; 1910-411,502 bushels, 12,800 acres. Bar- ley: 1870-7,419 bushels; 1880-9,170 bushels, 357 acres; 1890-42,450 bushels, 1,529 acres; 1900-190,750 bushels, 6,736 acres; 1910-247,875 bushels, 9,511 acres. Wheat: 1870-97,990 bushels; 1880-184,396 bush- els, 15,345 acres ; 1890-124,447 bushels, 7,402 acres ; 1900-93,510 bushels, 5,420 acres; 1910-40,996 bushels, 1,803 acres. Rye: 1870-4,774 bushels ; 1880-16,521 bushels, 1,434 acres; 1890-28,250 bushels, 2,066 acres; 1900
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-45,490 bushels, 4,260 acres; 1910-50,964 bushels, 3,932 acres. Buck- wheat: 1870-5,086 bushels; 1880-2,717 bushels, 224 acres; 1890-9,985 bushels, 818 acres; 1900-8,140 bushels, 554 acres; 1910-1,907 bushels, 128 acres. Potatoes: 1870-27,187 bushels; 1880-47,313 bushels; 1890- 96,750 bushels, 812 acres; 1900-79,713 bushels, 723 acres; 1910-66,610 bushels, 514 acres.
The annual report of George Schmidt, assessor of incomes, for the year of 1917, when the patriotic farmers of Pepin County were putting forth their best efforts to assist in feeding the country contains many items of great interest. In that year there were no less than 3,974 horses in the county divided as follows: Albany, 633; Durand, 227; Frankfort, 486; Lima, 577; Pepin, 705; Stockholm, 299; Waterville, 718; Waubeek, 153; Durand City, 118; Pepin Village, 37; Stockholm Village, 21. The meat cattle were numbered at 12,168, divided as follows: Albany, 1,671; Durand, 801; Frankfort, 1,814; Lima, 1,762; Pepin, 2,406; Stockholm, 785; Water- ville, 2,319; Waubeek, 439; Durand City, 78; Pepin Village, 29; Stockholm Village, 64. There were 4,199 sheep assessed in the county, divided as follows: Albany, 876; Durand, 375; Frankfort, 804; Lima, 272; Pepin, 874; Stockholm, none; Waterville, 910; Waubeek, 88; Durand City, Pepin Vil- lage and Stockholm Village, none. The swine numbered 3,155, divided as follows: Albany, 499; Durand, 219; Frankfort, 304; Lima, 554; Pepin, 578; Stockholm, 152; Waterville, 700; Waubeek, 142; Durand City, 7; Pepin and Stockholm villages, 7. There are 421 automobiles, divided as fol- lows: Albany, 36; Durand, 17; Frankfort, 41; Lima, 46; Pepin, 66; Stock- holm, 27; Waterville, 68; Waubeek, 68; Durand City, 69; Pepin Village, 27; Stockholm Village, 17.
Horticulture is proving an industry of increasing importance. In 1890 there were about 1,000 trees in the county yielding about 600 bushels. Now there are over ten thousand trees yielding more than 12,000 bushels annually. A few cherries and plums are grown for home use. The making of maple sugar for home use has continued since the early days, and some sugar and syrup are now shipped to nearby cities.
The Pepin County Agricultural Society was organized in Durand in March, 1878. The first officers were: President, S. L. Plummer; secre- tary, W. H. H. Matteson; treasurer, George Tarrant. Shortly after its formation the citizens of Durand fitted up the grounds with funds raised by subscription, and the first fair was held in September of the same year. There is a fine half-mile track, a good grandstand and other buildings, the grounds covering an area of 40 acres. The fairs are well conducted, and are well supported and patronized by the local public.
Three tragedies of more than local interest have marked the history of Pepin County, and still furnish subjects of discussion and speculation, as well as dispute and some acrimony.
The first was the murder of Ira Bradley Wheeler. Wheeler, commonly called "Brad," was a man about forty years old, who lived on the banks of the Chippewa, at Five Mile Bluff, three miles west of Pepin Village. His wife, Margaret E., usually called "Mag," was a comely young woman of twenty-three. They had two children. A young man named James
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E. Carter, lived with them, and he and Wheeler supplied the river steam- boats with fuel.
The neighborhood was a friendly one, and the three were accustomed to spend the evenings with their friends playing cards. On Saturday, March 24, 1866, they were preparing to go to the home of Carter's sister for that purpose, when Mrs. Wheeler began to upbraid her husband with making a practice of cheating. A bitter quarrel ensued in which Carter took Mrs. Wheeler's part. Words led to blows, and in the melee, Wheeler was killed. Carter and Mrs. Wheeler, fearing the consequences of their act, dropped Wheeler into a hole in the ice, and then backed Wheeler's horse and old cutter in the hole, to give the impression that he had been accidentally drowned. Carter and Mrs. Wheeler were arrested on sus- picion, but were dismissed for lack of evidence. Carter continued to live at the Wheeler home.
When the ice went out in the spring, the body was found, and the. inquest revealed that Wheeler had met death from a blow on the head, probably inflicted with a hatchet or a gun barrel. Carter and Mrs. Wheeler were indicted, and taken to Eau Claire to await trial. A change of venue was taken first to Dunn County and then to La Crosse County, where the prisoners came up for trial in May, 1867. District Attorney John Frazier conducted the prosecution, assisted by Allan Dawson, of Hudson. The prisoners were defended by Alex Meggett, of Eau Claire, and J. W. Losey, of La Crosse. Both pleaded not guilty, but during the trial, Carter with- drew his plea, and confessed that he had committed the deed with a gun barrel after Wheeler had attacked him with a club. The jury, however, believed that he was shielding Mrs. Wheeler, and found them both guilty of murder in the first degree. They were consequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Carter started to serve out his sentence, but the case of Mrs. Wheeler was appealed and went to the Supreme Court (4th Wis- consin, 52). In the meantime she was cared for in the home of the sheriff of Eau Claire County. A writ of habeas corpus was granted and she was released, but she was immediately rearrested by an officer of Pepin County. Escaping, she fled south with a former suitor, and was married. No effort was made to follow her. She died at Venice, Ill., in April, 1891. After serving for several years, Carter applied for a pardon, which was granted in the summer of 1874. He claimed that Mrs. Wheeler had struck the fatal blow with a hatchet, that he had pleaded guilty at the advice of friends and from a sense of chivalry, and that Mrs. Wheeler had broken her promise to him that in case he took the blame, she would be faithful to him, and in due time use every effort to secure him a par- don. Being released, Carter became a decent and respectable citizen, married, and lived a useful life as foreman of a lumber mill on the Chippewa.
Charles G. Coleman, former sheriff of Pepin County, and Milton Coleman, deputy sheriff of Dunn County, were shot and instantly killed on July 10, 1881, by Edward and Alonzo Maxwell, alias Williams, notorious criminals. As the result of this crime, Edward Maxwell was lynched in the courthouse yard at Durand, Nov. 19, 1881.
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The Maxwell brothers, "Ed" and "Lon," were the sons of a refugee family, which arrived in Illinois at the beginning of the Civil War. Begin- ning with petty thieving, the boys soon became burglars, horse thieves, gunmen and jail-breakers. As the result of their crimes "Ed" was sen- tenced to six years and "Lon" to three years in the penitentiary. Upon his release, "Lon" lived in various towns in the Chippewa pineries, mixing in various crimes, but escaping conviction. Upon the release of "Ed," the two went to Illinois, and engaged in horse stealing once more. At last, cornered in a schoolhouse by a posse, they fought their way out, and came to this region. A general alarm was sent out, and all the officials in the Chippewa Valley were on the lookout for the criminals. The recovery of an abandoned horse and buggy by Deputy Sheriff Miletus Knight con- firmed the belief that they were in this region. Consequently, when on Sunday, July 10, 1881, two strangers made inquiries of Frank Goodrich as to the location of the jail and the whereabouts of Knight, and had William Goodrich bring them across the river, the authorities decided to investigate.
Milton Coleman, who was on his way to his home in Dunn County from Wabasha, where he had been after another prisoner, enlisted the services of his brother, Charles G., a resident of Durand, and the two started out after the strangers. Knowing the desperate character of the Maxwell brothers they went well armed. The criminals were encountered in the upper part of the town, and shots were exchanged, both of the Colemans being killed and both of the Maxwells wounded. The Maxwells made their escape and continued their career in Pike and Calhoun counties, Illinois. In the latter county, to escape capture, they killed the sheriff and wounded two members of his posse and escaped to Nebraska. There they took up their home with a farmer living near Grand Island, in Hall County. Suspicious of their identity, the sheriff of that county went to the house with a posse, pretending to be a hunter, accompanied by friends. In this manner he succeeded in arresting "Ed," but "Lon" escaped. "Ed" was brought back to Durand. Then followed the most dramatic incident in the history of the county. An eye witness describes the event as follows :
Edward Maxwell, today, waived examination before an earthly judge, and in ten minutes was summoned before the Eternal Judge. He was hanged by a crowd of excited Pepin and Dunn county citizens, at 2:15 in the afternoon, in front of at least 500 people, among whom were the brother, widow and children of one of his victims.
The jail in Durand, a common two-story frame house, with iron grat- ings at the windows and wooden ones inside, a flimsy, insecure structure throughout, stands on a little eminence about a block and a half from the courthouse. The courthouse is surrounded by a large yard in which are several small trees and one large tree, one with a projecting limb reaching to the walls of the building. When I reached the yard, I found a number of people therein, all talking about Maxwell, and all waiting patiently, though it was far from warm and there were several inches of snow on the ground, for a sight of the prisoner when he should be brought out for his preliminary examination. Most of those gathered there seemed like
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farmers or lumbermen from out of town, and there was a fair sprinkling of women and children. As the minutes passed the crowd augmented, and when two o'clock came, the courtroom upstairs-a small apartment at best-was crowded to suffocation. As Maxwell, cool and collected as he was yesterday, when he landed from a skiff in the midst of a crowd on the river-bank and not showing the faintest trace of nervousness, was led through the aisle between Deputies Miletus Knight and Edward C. Cole- man, the crowd surged and pushed to get a better sight of him, and threats grew from mutterings to menaces, but he flinched not a whit, and stood before Justices Dwyer and Huntington as unconcerned as if he had been on the bench and they in the dock. To the formal question he pleaded not guilty, and then said: "I waive examination and would like to make a state- ment." He was told to go on, and spoke as follows :
"We killed the Coleman boys in self-defense. We were sitting in the grove up town when we saw them pass us. They had guns with them and looked around often as if searching for something. We knew there was no game about there, and they wouldn't be hunting Sunday, so we knew they were after us, and kept a sharp lookout. When they got past us they started to run. Then we got over the fence and followed them up the road, thinking we were surrounded and caught in a trap. We had' gone but a short distance before we met them, and the one nearest the fence (Milton Coleman) fired first, his shot hitting 'Lon' in the face and arm. The other (Charles G.) fired at me, and I at him in a second later. His shot struck my arm, and he fell to my bullet, but got on his knee and fired again. 'Lon' had shot the other one before that, and both were down. We then turned and ran." All this was delivered in a conversational tone, as if it were a recital of the most ordinary adventure, and I could see as the story progressed that the spectators were edging nearer and nearer to him. He had scarcely finished-indeed, I am inclined to think he was about to continue-when, with a growl like a wild beast, a dozen men sprang on him. Women shrieked as the melee grew greater, and it was impossible to tell for a moment what was being done. The officers made resistance, but not a very determined one, and in less than a moment the prisoner was dragged through the yelling crowd to the door. A rope had made its appearance as if by magic, and when he reached the outer door the noose was round his neck. I caught one glimpse of his face as he was going down the stairs. It was as pale as marble, but his eyes glared defiance. The crowd, the initiative having been taken, was wild with pas- sion. "Hang him!" "Choke him!" "Burn him!" were heard on all sides, and if pity was felt by a single creature its expression was not heard. It took minutes to write this, it took seconds only to reach the tree I spoke of above. The end of the rope was over the projecting bough in an instant, and a shuddering sob went up from the onlookers as the body of the des- perado was jerked into the air, a score of willing hands tugging at the other end of the rope. There were a few spasmodic clutches of the ironed hands, the feet were drawn up once or twice, and then the head fell over with that sickening droop familiar to all who have ever witnessed such a death, and all was over. The cord of the rope was made fast, the crowd
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dispersed in the awsome silence that fell after the deed was done, and the body, so full of muscular energy a few moments before, swung to and fro in the cold wind, the drifting snow ever and anon hiding it in its drifting rush. Maxwell died as he had lived, a desperate man, but endowed with an amount of physical courage rare indeed, and filled with a restless energy that preferred crime to inaction.
The sentiment here is, of course, divided on the question of the right or the wrong of the lynching. Many deprecate the whole affair, and say its effect will only be evil. One thing is certain. The people of Durand had very little to do with the affair. Of the arrival from out of town, many of them were blue or red shirted lumbermen. I do not believe, either, that there was any concert of action beyond a circle of five or six, who knew, however, that they had only to commence to receive ample support. If the district attorney had not put off the examination till this afternoon, but had held it at 9 a. m., as first intended, Maxwell would, in all proba- bility, be alive in Menomonee jail at this moment. Knight intended, he says, to take him to Menomonee on Monday, and the team that brought him here yesterday was held across the river for his return.
The Coleman brothers, Charles G. and Milton, were among the most honored citizens of the valley. They were born in Bloomington, Illinois, Charles G. in 1841 and Milton in 1856, the sons of Henry Coleman. The family came to Buffalo County in 1857. Charles G. fought in the Civil War as a private in the 12th Wis. Vol. Inf., and was severely wounded at the battle of Perryville. At the close of the war, he settled in Pepin County, and served as sheriff one term and as undersheriff several terms. Milton settled in Dunn County and served several terms as undersheriff.
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CHAPTER XIX
ORIGINAL ENTRIES IN PEPIN COUNTY
Pepin County, like all the land in the Northwest, is divided by the gov- ernment into bodies of land six miles square, called Congressional Town- ships, containing as near as possible 23,040 acres. The townships are subdivided into thirty-six tracts called sections, of a mile square, each con- taining as near as may be, 640 acres. Any number or series of contiguous townships, situate north and south, constitutes a range.
It is provided by act of congress that the lines of public survey shall be governed by the true meridian, and also that the townships shall be six miles square, which is a mathematical impossibility, for, by conforming to the true meridian, it necessarily throws the township out of square, by reason of the convergency of meridians; so by reason of this, an act of congress passed May 18, 1796, it was provided that the sections should contain the quantity of 640 acres, as near as may be; and by the act of congress of May 10, 1800, it was further provided, that in all cases where the exterior lines of the township to be subdivided into sections shall exceed, or shall not extend, six miles, the excess or the deficiency, as the case may be, shall be added to or deducted from the western or northern ranges of sections in such township, according as the error may be in running the lines from east to west, or from north to south. The section lines are sur- veyed from south to north and from east to west in order to throw the excesses or deficiencies on the north and west sides of the township.
The townships in Wisconsin are numbered from the southern bound- ary line of the state separating it from Illinois, Township No. 1 being the township immediately north of the south boundary line of the state.
The United States government established a principal meridian, that runs from the south line of the state, north through Wisconsin, known as the Fourth Principal Meridian. On the east side of it is Range 1 east, and on the west side Range 1 west. These ranges with their appropriate number continue through the state, to the east and west of the Fourth Principal Meridian.
Township 25, Range 12 (Lima Township). The influx of settlement in this governmental township came in 1855-56. In 1855, Oscar Godfred filed in sec. 3; Christian Maynard and Geo. M. Tuttle, in sec. 4; Alba Jeffers, in secs. 4, 10 and 15; Chester Tuttle, in sec. 4; John H. Captil, in sec. 6; Ellen M. Fox, in sec. 8; Adam L. Fox, in sec. 8; Colbert Hanchett, in secs. 9 and 20; John Dedrick, in sec. 10; Reuben W. Golden, in sec. 14; Samuel W. W. Sherburne, in secs. 14 and 15; Nathaniel Larabee, in sec. 15; Selah Whedon, in sec. 17; Silas Borlow, in sec. 17; Mark Elvidge, in sec. 18; John W. Armstrong, in sec. 18; John Alsop, in sec. 18; Lorenzo Greenman, in sec. 18; Helen M. Cannon, in secs. 19 and 30; Nathan Powell, in sec.
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20; Martin Larabee, in sec. 21; Patrick I. Ryan, in sec. 29; David B. Plum- mer, in secs. 29, 30, 34 and 35; Fayette Allen, in sec. 30; Nathaniel Plum- mer, in sec. 30; John Plummer, in sec. 30; Charles N. and Harvey P. Averill, in sec. 31; Nelson Cannon, in sec. 31; Daniel Lee, in secs. 32 and 33; Hiram Delap, in sec. 32; Henry L. Fox and Peter Riley, in sec. 32; John Cambell, in secs. 33 and 34; Jesse F. Hardy, in sec. 33; Jerome Bur- banks, in sec. 35, and Oliver O. Hearn, in sec. 36. In 1856 the following entries were made: Arthur B. Flagler, in sec. 1; John Hodgdon, in secs. 1, 5, 6, 10, 17, 19 and 20; Julius Edwards, in secs. 2 and 15; Henry God- frey, in secs. 2, 3 and 23; John and Robert Collier, in secs. 2 and 22; Charles Twis, in sec. 3; Charles W. Maynard, in sec. 4; Ira S. Story, in sec. 4; Theo- dore B. Edwards, in secs. 4 and 19; Hollis B. Dewitt, in sec. 4; Giles R. Montague, in secs. 5 and 18; Alvinus B. Wood, in secs. 6, 27, 34 and 35; Peter Secor, in sec. 6; Wheeler B. Guptil, in sec. 6; John Holverson, in sec. 7; Zalmon Skinner, in secs. 7 and 8; Orlando Skinner, in sec. 7; Jonathan L. Davidson, in sec. 9; Nicholas Dedrick, in secs. 10 and 23; Walter S. Mack, in sec. 14; Zalmon B. Wasson, in sec. 14; Amasa Tripp, in sec. 18; Joseph Somes, in sec. 19; Henry I. Cannon, in secs. 19 and 21; Richard L. Hallock, in sec. 23; Walter S. Mack, in sec. 23; Jerome Burbanks, in sec. 26; John Eagan, in sec. 27; Hiram Walker, in sec. 29; Mark I. Pritchard, in sec. 29; Francis Granger, in secs. 2, 9 and 32; Rufus D. Pritchard, in sec. 29; Jeremiah Arndt, in sec. 30; Ephraim A. Parish, in secs. 31 and 33; Jeremiah Landt, in sec. 32; Jesse F. Hardy, in sec. 32; Samuel Conger, in sec. 35; Samuel S. Dickason, in sec. 36; Caroline S. Dickason, in sec. 36. In 1857 the entries were: Layton Mathewson, in sec. 9, and Francis R. Lockwood, in sec. 13. 1859-Richard Ellis, in sec. 28. 1863-Daniel Rob- ins and David C. Gue, in sec. 8; Stephen Gregory, in sec. 14; Thomas Brookens, in sec. 20; Chauncy S. Root, in sec. 26; Lucius Howard, in sec. 28, and William Kreyer, in sec. 34. 1864-Hamilton W. Hubbard, in sec. 12; Alfred B. Robinson, in sec. 12, and Hiram Wilson, in sec. 26. 1865- Seymour Conger, in sec. 36; Ezra and Harrison Conger, in sec. 36. 1866- Wm. H. Schultz, in sec. 14; Thomas Hurley, Maine Hill, in sec. 26. 1867-Joseph Kinney, in sec. 28. 1868-Wm. Dickinson, in sec. 20; Lorenz Schlosser, in sec. 22; Joseph T. Ray, in sec. 26. 1869-Rufus C. Ainsworth, in sec. 28.
Township 25, Range 11 (Albany Township). The first land taken in this township was in 1855, when Oliver Brown filed on sec. 34. Subse- quent entries were: 1856-Ephraim Brown, sec. 2; Thomas A. Tomlinson, in sec. 2; Levi Belknap, in sec. 5; Naaman Belknap, sec. 6; Valentine Belknap, sec. 6; Milton Barber, secs. 13 and 14; Cyrus Woodman, secs. 13 and 24; Christian Gessner, in secs. 31 and 32; Charles Schsisner, in sec. 32. 1857-Jeremiah Crandall, in secs. 1 and 12; John E. Prichard, in sec. 1; Hiram Turner and William Eddington, in sec. 2; Lincoln Belknap, in sec. 6; Joseph Spafford, in secs. 6 and 7; Asa Delano, in secs. 8 and 17; John R. Russell, in sec. 8; Samuel Wood, in sec. 9; Nathan Wood, in sec. 9; Jerry Crapser, in secs. 9 and 10; George Sprague, in secs. 10 and 11; John H. Silvernail, in sec. 11; John E. Pritchard, in sec. 12; Wm. W. Brown, in sec. 15. 1858-Augustus C. Curveston and Charles H. Howard, in sec.
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