USA > Wisconsin > Trempealeau County > History of Trempealeau County, Wisconsin > Part 120
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Peter Peterson Norman made homestead entry in the upper part of the valley in the fall of 1867 and started erection of a log house. The following spring he brought his family. With him this time came his brother Sever. These men were the first Norwegian settlers in Borst Valley.
Among those who came in the next four years were the following :
1867-Peter and Emma Decker; Mrs. Decker, a widow, and sons Stephen and George; Joseph Mericle and wife and George Mericle. All came from Winneshiek County, Iowa. Peter and Emma were the last of the party to leave the valley, going to Ellendale, N. D., in 1884. Silas Parker and family came from Galesville, remained a year and removed to Hale.
1868-Lyman Back, native of Connecticut, came from La Crosse and took a homestead in the Chimney Rock section. In the fall he moved on his
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location with his wife, Lucy, and daughter Lydia. Mr. Back was killed by lightning Sept. 6, 18'75, his being the first violent death in the valley. His wife died exactly seven weeks later. George L. Back, son, and George Bartlett and Robert Brookins, sons-in-law of Lyman, made homestead entries, but did not occupy them until the following March. George L. Back is still a resident there. The others left many years ago. George Fisk and family and Augustus Huguenin and wife arrived from Iowa. The latter soon returned to Iowa. Mr. Fisk in 1872 emigrated to California. William Harris and William Barnhart, with their families, came from Dorchester, Iowa, and settled in the west branch, the first in the Burnside section, where he established the first blacksmith shop in the valley. In 1872 he sold to Michael Lee. Mr. Barnhart's location was at the head of the branch. He lived in Dover, half his farm lying in that town. He sold to Charles Short. Chester Beswick bought land in the lower part of the valley, moving in with his family the following February. He now lives near Blair. Al Osgood and wife, from Arcadia, and John Sprinkle and wife, from the head of Wickham valley, were residents in 1868, remaining but a year.
1869-Palmer Back, another son of Lyman Back, arrived from La Crosse, bought the Kelly location in section 4, Burnside, and moved thereon. In 1871 he sold to William Russell and left the valley. David Barnhart, whose wife was a daughter of William Harris, came with a large family from Marengo, Ill., and settled in the west part of Chimney Rock. He moved to Eau Claire County in 1883. Thomas and Elizabeth Burt came from Glencoe, Buffalo County, and located in the Burnside section.
1870-In March Mrs. Laura Campbell, widow with a large family, ar- rived from Grant County, Wis. Soon afterward she married P. H. Varney, also from Grant County, and lived at Arcadia, where she died Feb. 18, 1879. None of the Campbell family acquired land in the valley. In May William Hunter, native of Scotland, his sons, William, Jr., and James N., and daughter, Janet, reached the valley, coming from Allegheny County, Pa. They settled in the Burnside section. Mr. Hunter, Sr., died in June, 1897, aged 74 years. His sons are still living in the valley. With the Hunter family came Charles and Mary Short, also natives of Scotland. Mr. Short bought the William Barnhart place and lived in Dover. There were eight children in the Short family, two of whom are David and Charles Short, of Independence. The elder Short died in May, 1907, and his wife in Decem- ber, 1914.
1871-In the spring of this year William and Christina Russell, natives of Scotland, came from Allegheny County, Pa. Mr. Russell bought the Kelly Homestead from Palmer Back. The Russells at that time had four chil- dren: Alexander, Mary, Isabella and Christina. Mary is the wife of Anton Liver, living at Independence. The three others are dead. William Russell died April 26, 1887, aged 55 years. Mrs. Russell resides on the old homestead .- (By Virgil Borst.)
The Green Bay & Western Railroad has been one of the principal factors in the development of central Trempealeau County. Incorporated by special Act of the Wisconsin Legislature, the company was, April 12.
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1866, chartered as the Green Bay & Lake Pepin Railway Company, with Wabasha as its objective western terminal. Four miles were graded in 1869 and 30 miles in 1870. Track laying was commenced in the fall of 1871, and completed 39 miles from Green Bay to New London, Dec. 20, 1871. Four days later the first passengers were carried by special train. During the summer of 1872, 110 miles between New London and Merrillian Junction, in Jackson County, were graded and the tracks laid. The whole work was completed at 5 o'clock on the afternoon of Dec. 24, 1872. During the sum- mer and fall of 1873 the tracks were graded and iron laid from Merrillan Junction to Marshland, where connections were made with the old La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railroad, now the Madison division of the Chicago & North Western. The first regular passenger service between Green Bay and Winona was inaugurated Dec. 18, 1873. Sept. 5, 1873, the name was changed to the Green Bay & Minnesota Railroad. At that time it was believed that the road would be consolidated with the Winona & St. Peter, John I. Blair being a large stockholder in both roads. But the Chicago & North Western absorbed the Winona & St. Peter, and the Green Bay was left to its own devices. The struggle was a severe one. Running through 209 miles of a new and sparsely settled country, the receipts were not suffi- cient to maintain it. January 24, 1878, it went into the hands of a receiver and remained in the receiver's hands until sold, Oct. 15. Jan. 20, 1881, it was sold to John I. Blair, representing the bondholders, and reorganized as the Green Bay, Winona & St. Paul Railway Company. Articles of incorpora- tion dated May 6, 1881, filed in Wisconsin May 16, 1881. The company defaulted on bond interest and the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company was appointed Trustee in Possession, the trusteeship continuing from March 23. 1885, to Oct. 25, 1886. A second default was made on the bond interest and the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company again appointed Trustee in Pos- session. Trusteeship from Aug. 1, 1890, to June 10, 1896. The property was sold under foreclosure May 12, 1896, to Mark T. Cox and others. The deed of sale from Mark T. Cox and others to the Green Bay & Western Rail- road Company is dated June 5, 1896.
In 1891 a spur track was completed from Marshland to East Winona, and the Winona terminal was established at the Burlington station instead of at the North Western station.
At the time of building the Green Bay & Western Railroad through the fertile Trempealeau Valley in 1873, the now prosperous cities of Dodge, Arcadia, Whitehall and Blair were but little hamlets. Little was known of them for the reason they were so small, one passing through the country would not consider a few houses grouped together as of sufficient importance to give them a name.
The railroad crossed the Jackson and Trempealeau County line three miles east of the now prosperous city of Blair, which was so named in honor of the famous and well-known pioneer railroad builder of the West, Hon. John I. Blair, of Blairstown, N. J. He was the first man of great wealth who, far in advance of the times, realized the vastness of the great North- west and lavishly advanced his money in building railroads to develop the country now so fertile. He trusted with unerring judgment to the future
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to bring returns on his investments, and, thanks to the all-wise Providence, his life was spared to see his judgment confirmed and his investments in several of his railroads, notably the Chicago & North Western Railway, bring ample returns, for he lived to the ripe old age of ninety-five years.
At the time the railroad passed the present location of Blair, there were but a few scattering farm houses, and the store of T. I. Gilbert, which was at the west limits of the present village. The first store in the village was built by C. C. Hanson and T. I. Gilbert in 1874, and was burned in the fire of 1891. Blair is now a very thriving village of about 700 people, doing a large business in general farm products.
The next hamlet passed by the railroad on its westerly course was what is now known as Whitehall, a beautiful and thriving little city of about 1,000 souls, on a broad, flat plateau of land between picturesque hills on the north and south sides and is the county seat of Trempealeau County, the county seat having been moved there from Arcadia in 1878. The first store was built by H. E. Getts in 1874 and still stands just north of the John O. Melby Bank. At the time of the advent of the railroad there was but one farm house to mark the location. Like Blair, it derives its support from the rich farming land surrounding it in every direction and from the very fertile Pigeon Creek Valley leading to the northeast.
Independence, the next thriving little city six miles west of Whitehall, was a farm owned by Jake Pampuch at the time the railroad was built and until it was bought by D. M. Kelley in 1876, and the present village of Inde- pendence was platted May 30. There are about 900 people living in this village, which is supported by a very rich farming community.
Arcadia, eight miles to the west, with a population of 1,200, is a very prosperous city. At the time of the building of the railroad there was a little hamlet about one mile to the southeast of the present business location of Arcadia. The first store was built by A. F. Hensel in 1874 and was oper- ated as a general store by Bohri Bros. The first elevator was built in 1873 by Remby, Canterberry & Smith on the site now occupied by the W. P. Mas- suere & Co. elevator. The same year Elmore & Kelley, of Green Bay, Wis., built an elevator at Arcadia, they being the first two elevators built along the line of the railroad in Trempealeau County. Arcadia was for a time the county seat, having been moved there from the village of Galesville, where it was located for many years. It is supported by a very large area of very productive farming land.
From Arcadia westward the railroad followed the low land bordering on the Trempealeau River, which in the early days got on an annual rampage at the opening of the spring and caused very great damage to the railroad, notably in the great floods of March, 1876, when the railroad between Arcadia and Marshland was nearly obliterated and was out of commission for two months.
Thirteen miles to the west of Arcadia we arrive at the village of Dodge, at the west side of Trempealeau County. It was named in honor of William E. Dodge, of New York City, a prominent financier for many years. He was associated with John I. Blair, Moses Taylor, Joseph H. Scranton, E. F. Hatfield and many other well-known financiers of New York in the pioneer
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railroad building of the West. He was also connected with many philan- thropic institutions and at one time was treasurer of Protestant Syrian College at Constantinople, Turkey. Unfortunately for the village of Dodge, it was located too near the city of Winona, Minn., where the farm products were mostly marketed. However, within the last few years conditions have changed and the business has improved very much.
From Dodge the railroad passes into Buffalo County and soon passes over the Father of Waters into the beautiful city of Winona, Minn., the history of which is well known .- (By F. B. Seymour, Oct. 10, 1917.)
The Risberg County Accounting System. Paudor K. Risberg, county clerk of Trempealeau County, has evolved a system of county accounting which is being adopted in many other counties of the Northwest. When he became county clerk nine years ago, after a long career as an educator, he found that the county accounting system was far from satisfactory. In the neighborhood of a hundred different officials had at the time the authority to issue orders for money upon the county treasury. The State registrar of vital statistics, the asylum trustees, the county highway commissioner, the circuit judge, the county judge, clerk of court, district attorney, county clerk, sheriff, county assessor and every justice of the peace in the county were authorized by law to draw orders upon the county treasury ; and in addition to this the county treasurer was authorized to pay out all State taxes and all school funds, together with certain fees to town and village treasurers, without any written order from anybody.
The danger of two or more officials issuing orders upon the same funds is very apparent, for the reason that one official does not know what amount of orders the other one has issued, and no one of them knows at any given time whether there is sufficient money in the treasury to meet his order.
When the new state highway law of 1911 went into effect the old accounting system was found inadequate, and something had to be done to handle the funds of the county in a more modern and businesslike man- ner. Plans were drawn up by Mr. Risberg and submitted in part to com- mittces, a new system being a vital necessity. In 1915 the work had progressed so far that it was submitted to the county board and was unani- mously adopted.
The new system provides that no money shall be paid out of the county treasury except upon a written order signed by the county clerk and countersigned by the county treasurer; a voucher must also be on file in the office of the county clerk for every order issued. The following records are parts of the system :
Clerk's Combined Journal, Cash Book, Order Book and Ledger.
Treasurer's Combined Journal, Cash Book, Order Book and Bank Ledger.
Clerk's Record of Taxes Levied and Collected.
Treasurer's Record of Taxes Levied and Collected.
Clerk's Tax Sale and Redemption Record.
Treasurer's Tax Sale and Redemption Record.
Clerk's Petition Record for Road and Bridge Aid.
Clerk's Listing Record of Road and Bridge Orders:
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Clerk's Listing Record of Asylum Orders.
Treasurer's Inheritance and Fines Record.
Under the new system the county clerk has an exact knowledge of all the funds in the county treasury at all times.
These records are prepared by a leading printing house and are in the general market.
Mr. Risberg has also devoted his spare time to systematizing the old records in the clerk's office, so that any document from the first organiza- tion of the county is easily to be found, and in addition to this he has com- piled many statistics from the records which were in the custody of the clerks before he took office.
CHAPTER XXIV.
SOURCES.
The principal sources of strictly local Trempealeau County History are the files of the newspapers, the county and village records, the records of various institutions, letters, diaries, and the memories of the pioneers. The results of interviews with hundreds of pioneers have been preserved in the files of the Trempealeau County Historical Society. The five prin- cipal collectors of historical material in the county have been Judge George Gale, Judge Benjamin F. Heuston, Judge Hans A. Anderson, Dr. E. D. Pierce and Attorney Stephen Richmond. George H. Squier has devoted nearly half a century to the study of the geology and archaeology of the county.
Judge B. F. Heuston was the first to enter the field. Coming here when Trempealeau was still Reed's Landing, and for many years taking an active part in public life, he was the personal friend of all the early pioneers, and was closely in touch with pioneer activity in all its phases. He spent many years in writing down his own observations, and in travel- ing about interviewing the early pioneers and transcribing their remi- niscences. Many of his writings are preserved in the newspapers, and he assisted in furnishing material for the History of Western Wisconsin, published in 1882. Upon his death he left a completed manuscript history of the county. The manuscript is in the custody of the Trempealeau County Historical Association, but owing to certain conditions regarding its use has not been made available for general examination. The work of Judge Heuston regarding geology, archaeology, Indian history, explorers, fur traders and French settlement days has been superseded by later research by others, but his material regarding the pioneer period is of considerable value.
Judge George Gale was the next to enter the field. His book, "The Upper Mississippi," embodies much of his general research in this vicinity, and the Galesville "Transcript" preserves in its files many of his articles, largely of an archaeological nature.
Some thirty years ago Judge Hans A. Anderson became interested in the subject. His spare time has since then been largely devoted to gather- ing material at first hand from the pioneers. He has interviewed hundreds of early settlers, he has examined numerous records, he has conducted an extensive correspondence with the people in all parts of the country, and he has made extensive collections of photographs and mementoes. The result of his investigations are embodied in numerous personal note books, in newspaper articles, and in the collections of the Trempealeau County His- torical Society. For nearly a year the newspapers contained a weekly series of articles on the place names of the county by Judge Anderson and
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Dr. Pierce. The article in this book on Pigeon Township shows the thor- oughness of his work. Judge Anderson is still conducting his studies, and hopes to leave for posterity material for a complete history of pioneer times. To Judge Anderson's painstaking research and accurate work, as well as to his unfailing courtesy and kindliness, the editors of this work are greatly indebted.
Eben D. Pierce, M. D., has made a hobby of the study of history since his earliest boyhood. Sixteen years ago while living at Arcadia, his native town, he threw into the work a natural enthusiasm which inspired the cooperation of the pioneers whom he interviewed. After collecting during the winter of 1901 he prepared a newspaper article which appeared as a Historical and Industrial edition of the Arcadian April 24, 1903. This attracted the attention of Reuben G. Thwaites, then secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, who invited the budding historian to become a member of the State Historical Society. Dr. Pierce gladly accepted the invitation and joined the society, offering at the same time to do whatever he could toward preserving the history of Trempealeau County communities by interviewing pioneers and writing down their recol- lections. For the next four years he interviewed old settlers in and about Arcadia and Trempealeau, at the same time corresponding with some of the daily papers of Wisconsin and Minnesota. This collecting data of a historical nature has grown into a habit with Dr. Pierce, and during his many years of activity he has contributed a number of valuable historical papers to the State and County Historical Societies. He was particularly interested in the pioneer epoch, and made especial effort to get the recol- lections of the first settler in each community. This resulted in Collins Bishop's story of the first settlement of Arcadia, of Grignon's Recollec- tions of Early Trempealeau, of Capt. John D. Lewis's account of his Lewis Valley Experiences, of Mrs. H. E. Pierce's Memories of Williamsburg and of Harold Newcomb's Reminiscences of Pioneering in Newcomb Valley. He is the editor of the present work, and the author of several of its chap- ters. In this connection he has said: "Our interest has been stirred by the thought that the work will arouse a deeper interest in our home country. The country belongs to the people and we should be patriotic enough to study its past, preserve its present and hope for its welfare in the future. We hope the work will awaken a more profound study of our country's history, and if we have been instrumental in preserving records that other- wise would have fallen into obscurity, and portrayed the pioneer life, and rescued phases of it that would have faded into oblivion, then have we been repaid for our efforts."
Stephen Richmond planned to write a history of the county, and at his death left a vast amount of manuscript. A completed manuscript, "A Panorama of Trempealeau County for Forty-one Years," contains much of interest, and many of his uncompleted manuscripts appear in this present work. Mr. Richmond worked on his history for several years, paying especial attention to the valleys and cooleys of Arcadia Township. Had he lived to complete his work the resulting publication would have been one of the greatest interest. His entire collection of manuscripts, letters,
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observations and the like are in the custody of the Trempealeau County Historical Society and are available to the public.
The Trempealeau County Historical Society was organized in 1910, and held its first annual meeting on Nov. 17, 1910. The officers elected were: President, Capt. A. A. Arnold; vice-presidents, M. J. Warner, James N. Hunter, E. J. Matchett; advisory committee, F. C. Richmond and John A. Markham; secretary, H. A. Anderson; treasurer, Herman Hoberton. The members present at the first meeting were: Edward J. Matchett, H. A. Anderson, John C. Gaveney, W. J. Boyd, Jas. N. Hunter, D. H. Neperud, F. A. George, Peter Nelton, E. F. Clark, F. C. Richmond, C. Q. Gage, C. O. Dahl, H. F. Clausen, A. J. Ekern, Herman Hobertson, P. J. Skogstad, John Ring, L. L. Grinde, L. K. Strand, A. N. Nelson, J. A. Markham, P. H. Johnson, Henry Kopp, John F. Hager, P. K. Risberg, F. A. Hotchkiss, T. Grafton Owen, E. F. Hensel, A. A. Markham, Stephen Richmond, George Markham, J. O. Dewey, Collins Bishop, Alexander A. Arnold, Frank M. Immell, Milo B. Gibson, Knudt Hagestad, John C. Muir.
From that day the collection of historical material has gone steadily forward under the management of the able secretary, Judge H. A. Ander- son, until the collections embody hundreds of photographs, hundreds of relics, books, newspaper files, and many historical papers, letters, docu- ments, records and the like, probably exceeding any county collection in the state. The collections are catalogued and are found at Judge Anderson's office. All have been placed at the disposal of the editors of the present work.
Dr. Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge, the compiler of this work, became inter- ested in the field of research in Trempealeau County in the summer of 1916, after ten years of research in Minnesota, and has devoted over a year to the preparation of this work, compiling the material already gath- ered, examining all available manuscripts and published material, closely studying the records, soliciting manuscript contributions, and interviewing leading citizens. He has been ably assisted by people in all parts of the county.
The gentlemen originally appearing on the prospectus were John C. Gaveney, Arcadia; George Gale, Galesville; E. E. Barlow, Arcadia; W. E. Bishop, Arcadia; Bert A. Gipple, Galesville; E. F. Hensel, Whitehall; Dr. A. H. Kulig, Dodge; N. H. Carhart, Trempealeau Prairie ; B. M. Sletteland, Pigeon Falls; William Nicholls, Caledonia; L. M. Pittenger, Trempealeau ; John A. Markham, Independence; H. F. Claussen, Ettrick; Frank Smith, Osseo ; C. O. Dahl, Osseo; Clarence P. Larson, Eleva, and Charles J. Gibson, Blair.
For the most part the authors of the contributions are indicated with their articles. In addition to these W. E. Bishop is the author of the article on the early settlement of Arcadia, Mrs. Ida Gibson Englesby of the article on the settlement of Albion, Earl F. Hensel of the article on Blair, Nathan H. Carhart of the article on Trempealeau Prairie and Bert A. Gipple of the article on the newspapers. Bert A. Gipple, Earl F. Hensel, John C. Gaveney, J. P. Larson, Claude Burton, John A. Markham and others have assisted in reading manuscripts and proofs. At Whitehall assistance was
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rendered by H. A. Anderson, Pandor K. Risberg, Morris Hanson, Eugene F. Kidder, E. E. Barlow, Ed. Erickson, Dan P. Gibson, C. J. Van Tassel, Charles B. Melby, Robert S. Cowie, Fred E. Beach, Earl F. Hensel, O. J. Eggum, Peter H. Johnson, Sigvald N. Hegge, Evan Hegge, C. A. Adams, David Wood and Miss Francina Chaffee. Mr. Barlow, the efficient district attorney, placed his office at the disposal of the compiler, and all the county officers assisted with the work on the records. Judge E. C. Higbee also ren- dered assistance. At Arcadia help was secured from E. E. Barlow, Emil Maurer, Robert Barlow, W. E. Bishop, Daniel Bigham, J. M. Fertig, Jay I. Dewey, Frank C. Richmond, George Schmidt, J. C. Muir, William C. Bohrn- stedt, Emil F. Rotering, Leof K. Strand, O. B. Strouse, Dr. G. N. Hidershide, Albert Hess, Casper Wohlgenant, Henry Wirtengerger and others. John C. Gaveney assisted in gathering all of the Arcadia material and reviewed it after it was written. At Independence help was rendered by John A. Markham, George H. Markham, James N. Hunter, Mrs. Ada Markham, E. Scott Hotchkiss, Dr. C. F. Peterson, Jacob Jackson, Paul T. Schultze, Paul Sura, A. Garthus, Frank Hotchkiss, J. F. Kulig and Philip M. and William L. Lambert. At Osseo E. J. Matchett, W. S. Gilpin and D. L. Remington furnished information. At Strum J. P. Hanson and Claude Burton were the helpers. At Eleva, A. U. Gibson, Mrs. Ida Gibson Englesby and others were the helpers. E. K. Edison furnished material about Chim- ney Rock Township. Mrs. E. D. Pierce, A. A. Gibbs and George H. Squier helped at Trempealeau. At Galesville assistance was rendered by the genial mayor and ex-assemblyman, A. T. Twesme; the efficient editor, Bert A. Gipple ; the pioneer, George Gale; the state oil inspector, Charles F. Hewitt; the banker and senator, E. F. Clark, and the clergyman and college president, L. M. Gimmestad. At Blair information was gathered by the editor from Simon Berseng, Henry Thorsgaard and Charles J. Gibson, while Judge Hensel gathered his material from the records and from personal interviews. Nathan H. Carhart helped with West Prairie and Centerville. Bankers, newspaper editors and clergymen have furnished information regarding their own institutions. Frank B. Seymour, general superintendent of the Green Bay; T. A. Polleys, tax commissioner of the Northwestern, and C. A. Leggo, assistant secretary of the Omaha, have sent material from their records.
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