USA > West Virginia > Hampshire County > History of Hampshire County, West Virginia : from its earliest settlement to the present > Part 30
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1788. Joseph Steers, 50 acres, on Bloomery run.
1783. Moses Star, 300 acres, on Middle ridge.
1788.
Peter McDonald, 100 acres, on Middle ridge.
1789.
Ebenezer McKinley, 150 acres, on Mill creek. John Hugh, 200 acres, on Thompson run.
1789. 1789. Archibald Magill, 500 acres, on Mill creek.
1789. John Keller, 400 acres, on Patterson creek ridge.
1789. John Wilkins, 92 acres on Saw Mill run.
1789. Benjamin Stone, 50 acres, on Maple run.
1789. Richard Huff, 130 acres, or North river.
403
LANDS AND LAND-OWNERS.
1789. John Bishop 400 acres, on Mill creek.
1789. Jesse Pugh, 4 acres, on South branch.
1789. James Keys, 50 acres, at the foot of Dillon's mountain.
1790. George Wolf, 350 acres, on Lick run.
1790. Robert Ross, 400 acres, on Morgan's run.
1790. Daniel Slain, 170 acres on Sandy ridge.
1790. James Hiott, 200 acres, on Sandy ridge.
1790. James Forman, 780 acres, on Sugar run.
1790. Lewis Stallman, 250 acres on Stagg run.
1790. John Chenowith, 50 acres, on North river.
1790. Thomas Williamson, 400 acres, on the headwaters of Little Capon.
1790. Jacob Miller, 150 acres, on Hazel run.
1790. William Fox, 300 acres, on Middle ridge.
1790. Jacob Short, 100 acres, on Spring run.
1790. William Russell, 50 acres, on Capon.
1790. William Smith, 200 acres, on South branch. V
1790. Valentine Swisher, 222 acres, on Capon.
1790. Alexander King, 800 acres, on North branch.
1791. Frederick High, 610 acres, on Mill creek.
1791. Thomas Morgan, 50 acres, on White Oak bottom.
1791.
Ephriam Johnson, 150 acres, on Sugar Tree
bottom. 1791. William Jeney, 500 acres, on Deep run.
1791. Robert McFarland, 100 acres, on Town hill.
1791. John Hough, 100 acres, on Pargatt's run.
1791. Richard Neilson, 234 acres, on Tearcoat.
1791. Peter Kizer, 100 acres, on Town hill.
1791. William Chapman, 25 acres, on Clay Lick ridge.
1791. Daniel Pugh, 9,600 acres, on both sides of Patter- son creek, including the greater part of the Philip Martin manor.
1791. Isaac Means, 50 acres, on Mill creek.
1791. Moses Thomas, 100 acres, on Craig's run.
1792. John Goff, 25 acres, on Kuykendall's sawmill run.
404
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
1792. Hugh Murphy, 50 acres, on Little Capon.
1792. John Blue, 300 acres, on South branch below Hanging Rocks.
1792. Robert French, 260 acres, on Little Capon.
1792. Benjamin Ayers, 200 acres, on Patterson creek.
1792. Peter Larew, 100 acres, on Capon.
1792. Daniel Newcomb. 160 acres, on Sidelong hill.
1792. Isaac Daton, 300 acres, incuding Two islands in the South branch.
1792. Nicholas Boyce, 400 acres, on Mill creek.
1792. George Bowman, 100 acres, on George's run.
1792. John High, 137 acres, on Mill creek.
1792. Thomas Hailey, 50 acres, on Spring Gap moun- tain.
1792. William Jackson, 200 acres. on Capon.
1792. William Carlyle, 15 acres, on High Top moun- tain.
1792. Jonathan Pursell, 100 acres, on South branch.
1792. Jacob Doll, 50 acres, on Knobly.
1793.
Newman Beckwith, 300 acres, near Davis' mill.
1793.
John Butcher, 50 acres on Capon mountain.
Jesse Barnett, 100 acres, on New creek.
1793. 1793. John Seaburn, 30 acres, on Little Capon. 1793. Abram Rinehart, 200 acres, on Edward's run.
1793. Peter Putman, 25 acres, on Knobly.
1793. James Jamison, 100 acres, on Little mountain.
1793. Thomas Fry, 100 acres, on Capon.
1793. Virgil Graybill, 100 acres, "adjoining the land of President Washington on the waters of the. Potomac."
1793. William Scott, 50 acres, on Sidelong hill.
1793. Jacob Jerkins, 25 acres, "near and including the meeting house."
1793. Joseph Lang, 100 acres, on Widow Gilmer's run, near Big Mud lick.
1793. Jacob Purgatt, 50 acres, at the foot of Knobly.
1793. Francis and William Deakins, 12,000 acres, be-
405
LANDS AND LAND-OWNERS.
tween Patterson creek and New creek, next to the North branch.
1793. Virgil McCrackin, 100 acres, adjoining Washing- ton's survey.
1793. Moses Ashbrook, 300 acres, on Maple run.
1794. James Caruthers, 4 acres, on Capon.
1794. James Largent, 100 acres in the Chimney tract.
1794. Isaac Lupton, 28 acres, on Sandy ridge.
1794. Jacob Baker, 175 acres, on North river.
1794.
Perez Drew, 83 acres, on Little Capon.
1794.
John Wallis, 100 acres, on Little Capon.
1794.
Job Shepherd, 65 acres, on Wiggins' run.
1794. Abram Neff. 100 acres, on Wild Meadow run.
1794.
Jacob Umstott, 50 acres, on Mill creek.
1794.
Jacob Hoover, 100 acres, on North mountain.
1794. John Stoker, 100 acres, on Spring Gap mountain.
1794. George Phebus, 100 acres, near Rhobey's gap.
1794.
David Stephens, 100 acres, on Capon.
1794. George Chambers, 64,544.acres, located in various parts of the county, but chiefly near the Hardy county line, on Patterson creek mountain and on the North branch.
1794. George Gilpin, 14,000 acres, on Knobly, and along the Hardy county line, and other large tracts elsewhere in the county.
1795. Jacob Kisner, 80 acres on North river.
1795. John Plumb, 100 acres, on Mill creek.
¥ 1795. Simon Taylor, 200 acres, on South branch.
1795. Isaac Parsons, 100 acres, on South branch.
1795. Philip Pendleton, 1,000 acres on great Capon mountain.
1795. John Jack, 100 acres, on the road leading from Romney to Winchester.
1795. Samuel Chesshire, 69 acres, on Tear Coat.
1795. Elisha C. Dirk, 40,000 acres, partly along the Alleghaney mountain and New creek, and partly between
406
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
North river and South branch; also 2,400 acres in other parts of the county.
1795. John and Joseph Swan, 10,000 acres, between Spring Gap mountain and Little Capon.
1795. Aaron Steed, 100 acres, on Hopkin's run.
1795. Joseph B. Billings, 727 acres, on the North branch; also other tracts in different parts of the county.
1795. John Randolph, 300 acres, on Abram's creek.
1796. Peter Good, 50 acres, on Dry run.
1796.
John Pancake, 50 acres, on South branch.
1796. William Winterton, 50 acres, on Capon.
1797. Joseph Baker, 100 acres, on Capon.
1797. Frederick Gulick, 50 acres, on Little Capon.
1797. Frederick Haus, 64 acres, on South branch.
1797. Gabriel Throckmorton, 600 acres, on Capon.
1797. Robert Gustin, 100 acres, on Capon.
1797. Samuel Dobbin, 100 acres, on Cabin run.
1797. David Parsons, 300 acres, on South branch.
1798. Samuel Howard, 50 acres, on Capon.
1798; Charles Dowles, 1,500 acres, on the road from Romney to Winchester.
1798. John Pearsall, 100 acres, on Patterson creek.
1798. John Wolfe, 40 acres, on Capon.
1798. Jacob Bowers, 50 acres, on Dilling's mountain.
1798. John Lay, 20 acres, on Knob ridge.
1798. Daniel Duggan, 50 acres, on North River moun- tain. .
1798. John Switzer, 190 acres, on Dillinger's run.
1798. Luther and Samuel Calvin, 100 acres, on the waters of South branch.
1798. William Roeder, 40 acres, on Crooked run.
1799. John Templeton, 300 acres, on North branch. .
1799. Adam Hider, 4 acres, on Shrub mountain.
1799. John Foley, 300 acres, on Long ridge.
1799. Thomas Parker, 50 acres, on Green Spring run.
1799. John Abernathy, 5 acres, on Pine Swamp run.
407
LANDS AND LAND-OWNERS.
1799. Norman Bruce, 100 acres, on the Potomac.
1799. . Natley Robey, 100 acres, on Mill creek.
1799. John Jones, 115 acres, on North river.
1799. Philip Pendleton, 9,500 acres, on Branch moun- tain and elsewhere.
1799. Daniel Hopwood, 100 acres, on Knobly.
1799. William Gray, 50 acres, on the Potomac.
1800. William Buffington, 100 acres, on South branch.
1800. Francis White, 20 acres, on North river.
1800. George Harris, 50 acres, on Mill creek.
1800. James Laramore. 225 acres, on South branch.
1800. Henry Hartman, 139 acres, on Mill creek.
1300. Jacob Millslagel, 150 acres, on Timber ridge.
1800. Alexander Monroe, 300 acres, on North river, and 1,700 acres on Patterson creek.
1800. Jeremiah Ashby, 300 acres, on North branch.
1801. James Slack, 16 acres, on South branch.
1801. John Casper, 50 acres, on North river.
1801. David Bookless, 80 acres, on Cattleman's run.
1801. John Moore, 50 acres, on Myke's run.
1801.
Schantzenbach Kisler, 100 acres, on Sidelong hill.
1801. Andrew Bogle, 100 acres, on New creek.
1801. Robert Rogers, 100 acres, on the Potomac.
1801. William Naylor, 50 acres, on Town run.
1801. Thomas Carscaddon, 250 acres, on Stagg run.
1801. Richard Holliday, 5 acres, on Spring run.
1801. John Griffin, 83 acres, on Horse Camp run.
1801. William Stennett, 500 acres, on Spring Gap moun- tain.
1801. John Poland, 41 acres, on Kuykendall's run.
1802. Andrew Walker, 100 acres, on Green Spring run.
1802. Solomon Hoge, 25 acres, on South branch moun- tain.
1802. George Beatty, 139 acres, on Mill creek knob.
. 1802. Daniel Lantz, 50 acres, in Green Spring valley. 1302. Robert Gustin, 73 acres, on Rock Gap run.
408
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
1802.
James Caudy, 50 acres, on Mill creek.
1803. John Selby, 50 acres, on North run mountain.
1803. Eli Ashbrook, 100 acres, on Tear Coat.
1803. John Wright, 60 acres, near Capon springs.
1803. Jacob Jenkins, 50 acres, near Bear garden.
1804. William Florence, 200 acres, on Cabin run.
1808. Lewis Vandever, 279 acres, on Patterson creek.
1803. William Armstrong, 100 acres, on Patterson
creek.
1808. Michael Widmire, 70 acres, on Capon.
1808.
Henry Dangerfield, 20 acres, on Capon.
1809.
Peter Bruner, 25 acres, on Capon.
1809. Jacob Stuckslagh, 6 acres, on the Potomac.
1809. Nathan Sutton, 148 acres, on High Gap mountain.
1809.
Frederick Buzzard, 10 acres, on Mill's branch.
1809.
John Swisher, 50 acres, on Hughes' run.
1810. Jacob Leopard, 300 acres, on North branch.
1810. Henry Huntsman, 600 acres, on South branch.
1810. John Wolford, 25 acres, on North river.
1810. James Glinn, 25 acres, on Bennett's run.
1810. Thomas Youngley, 84 acres, on North river mountain.
CHAPTER XXXVI. - K‹0>-
NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
BY H. L. SWISHER.
Capon Springs .- Four miles up the mountain from Capon river and two miles from the summit of North mountain, Capon springs and baths, today among the famous watering places of the world, rest like a hawk's nest against the mountain side. The buildings are on a small plateau containing a couple of acres, and through the middle of this flows a small crystal stream whose waters are from the mineral springs at its head.
These springs have been known for years. Long before the beginning of this century a man named Henry Frye had discovered the springs and made some improvements. While hunting one day on the mountain side, near the springs, he killed a large bear. Gathering up such a por- tion of his game as he could carry, he started for camp. Before he had proceeded very far, however, he became thirsty, and throwing down his burden, he descended into the glen in search of water. He found a large spring, from which he cleared away the moss and leaves and then satisfied his thirst. The temperature and peculiar taste of the water led him to suspect its medicinal value. When, during the following summer, his wife was afflicted with rheumatism, he decided to take her to this place to see if a cure could not be effected. He built a small cabin and removed with his wife thither. This was undoubtedly the first improvement of the place and was made perhaps about the year 1765, although there is no definite record of
410
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
the late. The place was for many years known as Frye's springs, in honor of the discoverer.
In the month of October, 1787, twenty acres of land around and including the spring was laid off into lots and streets. The place was named Watson and retained this name for some years. The following persons made up the first board of trustees: Elias Poston, Henry Frye, Isaac Hawk, Jacob Hoover, John Winterton, Valentine Swisher, Rudolph Bumgarner, Paul M'Ivor, John Sherman Wood- cock and Isaac Zane.
The lots thus laid off were to contain one-half acre. and it became the duty of the trustees to advertise the lots and offer them for sale at the next session of the county court. One of the conditions to a title was that the purchaser should build on each lot a dwelling house sixteen feet square and having a brick or stone chimney.
Defining the duties of trustees. article eighth of the same act states: "The said trustees shall lay off the said lots and streets as contiguous to that part of said land from whence the water issues, supposed efficacious in certain disorders, as the situation will admit of; and shall also lay off half an acre of land, to include said spring, the length of which shall extend down the stream and be double the width; which half acre so laid off shall be and the same is hereby vested in said trustees and their successors, in trust, to and for the use of such persons as may resort thereto. "
.
Another act was passed on December 27, 1800, by which Andrew Wodrow, James Singleton, John Litle, Stephen Pritchard, Moses Russell, Henry Beatty, John Croudson and Thomas Powell were made trustees. Disputes arose concerning titles to the lots sold by the first board of trus- tees, and in 1803 John Mitchell. at that time county sur- veyor, was appointed to re-survey the town and make a plat showing boundary of lots. This plat was approved by the trustees and afterwards established by the assembly as the true survey of the town. The law which compelled
411
NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
the purchasers of lots to build stone or brick chimneys to their dwellings was also repealed in the same year. On January 4, 1816, Charles Brent, Philip Williams, David Ogden, John Litle (son of Thomas Litle), George Huddle, William Herrin and Archibald Craigwell were appointed trustees. There was another act passed in 1830, which made it the duty of the board to appoint a clerk, who had charge of collecting and disbursing moneys accruing to the trustees.
An early historian, writing about the place in 1833, says: "This place is too publicly known to require a minute de- scription in this work; suffice it to say, it is located in a deep, narrow glen, on the west side of the Great North mountain. The road across the mountain is rugged and disagreeable to travel, but money is now raising by lottery to improve it. The trustees for several years past have imposed a pretty heavy tax upon visitors for the use of the waters. This tax is intended to raise funds for keeping the baths, etc., in repair. There are seventeen or eighteen houses erected without much regard to regularity, and a boarding establishment, capable of accommodating fifty or sixty visitors, which is kept in excellent style."
Such was a description of the place sixty-four years ago, but there have been great changes since then. In 1849 the main building was built by Buck, Blakemore and Ric- ord, at a cost of $75,000. During the summer following its completion Daniel Webster paid the place a visit and made a speech while there. He was accompanied by Sir Henry Bulwer, at that time English ambassador to this country. President Pierce also paid the place a visit during his term of office. At one time, when there was a vacancy in the board of trustees, J. P. Morgan, the multi-millionaire of today, was chosen for the place. His going to Europe soon thereafter prevented his acceptance. When the Civil war came on the board of trustees were some eight thous- and dollars in debt. A special act passed the Virginia
412
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
assembly permitting the trustees to sell the buildings and property for debt. This was done, but after the war was over the sale was annulled as a confederate transaction.
Capon Springs have long enjoyed a reputation as a water- ing place. It was once a favorite summer resort with the Washington family. "Long before hotels were built," writes Dr. Still, "the wealthy families of Virginia and the neighboring states pitched their tents around the Springs during the heated term." Another writer speaking of this place before the war, says: "The Capon Springs and baths in ante-bellum days enjoyed a reputation unsurpassed by any watering place in the South. The wealth and intelli- gence of the North and South met here during the season in pleasant, social relation, and gave to Capon a historic interest and national reputation which to this day have made it among the most popular and attractive summer resorts in this country."
The people of this county are far less acquainted with this resort than many strangers from hundreds of miles away. For this reason a description of the place as it ap- pears today may be of interest to readers of this book. The main hotel which stands at the base of the hills which rise in the rear of the building, is an imposing structure. It rises four stories in height and has a frontage of two hundred and sixty-two feet on the north and one hundred and ninety-six feet on the south. In front of this building runs a large portico one hundred and seventy-five feet long and eighteen feet in width. The front of this portico is set off with huge white Doric pillars rising up thirty-five feet to the ceiling. The dining hall, which is two hundred and forty feet long and forty feet wide, permits more than six hundred persons to be seated at one time. Adjoining the dining room is the large and finely furnished ball room. In the same building is the parlor, which is quite au fait. Besides the main hotel there are a couple of annexes which are buildings of considerable size. Facing
413
NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
the building above described, and separated from it by about a hundred yards of lawn, stand the bath house and swimming pool. There are about forty bath rooms in the building with arrangements for douche, plunge and shower baths. The swimming pool is an elliptical pit ninety feet in length and forty-eight feet wide. The depth varies from three and one-half to eight and one-half feet, but the crystal clearness of the water gives it the appearance of being but a few inches deep.
At the head of the glen in which the buildings are situ- ated, is the main spring which pours out its waters from the base of white cliffs at the rate of six thousand gallons an hour. As it flows from the earth the temperature is sixty-four degrees. In the swimming pool the temperature is ordinarily near seventy, but this is due to the sun's heat. The water is what is known as alkaline lithia, and as it flows from the earth has a saponaceous feel. A qual- atative analysis of the water shows that it contains silicic acid, soda, magnesia, bromine, iodine and carbonic acid. The waters are not repugnant to the taste, but are, in fact, pleasant. They belong to the alkaloid carbonates and Dr. Ashby, who made an extensive study of mineral waters, declared that they were similar in medical affect to the Vichy of France, the Carlsbad of Germany and the Bethesda of Wisconsin. The waters are agreed to be especially valuable in the treatment of idiopathic affections of the nervous system, dyspeptic depravities and derange- ments of the mucous surfaces. They are, no doubt, valua- ble also for rheumatic and catarrhal troubles.
There is also a chaly beate Spring about three-quarters of a mile from the main spring. Capon springs is thirty miles from Romney and about twenty-five miles from Winchester. The springs are likely to grow in favor as they become better known. Sir Henry Bulwer, who vis- ited them in 1850 in company with Daniel Webster,
414
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
declared there was no more complete bathing resort in Europe.
Ice Mountain .- This curious work of nature, which is perhaps better known than any other natural curiosity in the county, is situated about half a mile from North river mills. It consists of a ridge, shaped like an arc of an eliptic, with its concave side facing northwest. At the foot of the mountain, which is perhaps five hundred feet high, flows North river in a horseshoe, conforming to the shape of the mountain. The sides of the mountain are covered with fragments and boulders of broken sandstone which have rotted away from the cliffs above. This talus is a perhaps fifty feet thick at the mountain's base. A part of the slope is completely barren, but much of it is covered with laurel, birch and stunted pine, while at the foot there is a strip of trees of considerable height. Crowning the ridge is Raven rock, which presents a perpendicular face of two hundred feet. It is the last remaining vestige of a towering cliff that once overlooked the river. It is the foot of the mountain, however, that attracts attention and has made the place famous.
At the mountain's base, extending for about two hun- dred yards along the river and averaging about two rods in width, is a huge natural refrigerator. By removing the loose rocks, even in the hottest season of the year, ice can always be found. The rocks are so cold as to numb the fingers, though the mid-day sun may be shining full upon them. There is a continual expulsion of cold air which is felt perceptibly some feet from the edge of the rocks.
Many theories have been advanced to account for the formation and preservation of ice at this place. The phe- nomenon is most likely due to very simple causes. The open nature of the talus of course allows the free circula- tion of air and water in the spaces between the boulders. During the cold season ice is formed from rain and snow in the crevices of the rocks until the mountain side for
415
NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
many feet below the surface is a mass of ice and stone. The outer ice acts as a protection to that deeper in the rocks by sealing it up, as it were, from the outside air, while the deeper ice acts in a preserving manner by lower- ing the temperature. When the hot weather comes, the ice higher up on the mountain soon disappears, while that at the base is preserved, because it is less exposed to the sun on account of the trees along the base, and also on ac- count of the facing of the mountain. Then again, its thick- ness is much greater. It is well known that as the season advances it becomes necessary to dig deeper in the loose rocks in order to find ice. The expulsion of cold air from the base may be accounted for by supposing that the sur- rounding air circulating among the rocks above the ice becomes cool and settles to the bottom. Its own gravity prevents its rising and the pressure of the atmosphere above forces it out along the face of the rocks at the lowest point. Ice mountain seems admirably adapted as a site for a dairy, or with the expenditure of considerable capital, it could be made a famous summer resort.
Caudy's Castle .- In a spur of North river mountain known as Castle mountain, on the west bank of Capon river, is situated Caudy's Castle. This imposing work of nature is named for James Caudy, an early settler in that part of the county and a noted Indian fighter. Facing the river and rising almost perpendicular at this point, is an im- mense cliff about four hundred and fifty feet high. The Castle proper crowns this cliff and rises solemn and barren fifty feet higher. The ascent is made from the west with the gradual slope of the mountain from that side till with- in seventy-five feet of the top, when one is compelled to follow along a narrow shelf of rock around the northern end of the Castle and then along its face overhanging Capon. The last fifteen or twenty feet is nearly perpen- dicular, and the top can only be reached by perilous climb- ing, clinging to the projecting edges of the rock. On top -
.
416
HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE.
there is a space of about twenty feet, but such a gale con- stantly sweeps across its barren summit that one with difficulty stands erect.
The Tea Table .- Four miles from Forks of Capon and on Capon mountain is a curiosity of so ne not ?. This is the Tea Table. A large flat rock fifteen feet wide, is supported on a column which rises fifteen feet or more in the air, and which is not more than three feet in diame- ter at it narrowest place. The upper surface of the table is concave and usually contains several gallons of water. This is due, however, to rainfall and not to a spring in the rock as is stated in Howe's History of Virginia.
Diamond Ridge .- This name is given to a moun- tain spur just west of the town of Bloomery. Large rocks are here found, the surfaces of which are studded with the most beautiful crystals, some of them an inch in diameter. From these the ridge has taken its name.
Pivot Rock .- On the land of Amos McElfresh, about one mile from Springfield, may be seen a curiosity, which of its kind is, perhaps, equal to anything in the world. This is Pivot Rock. A huge boulder, weighing hundreds of tons, is supported on a slender stem less than one-eighth the diameter of the rock above.
This rock is about twenty-five feet high above its fragile stem and nearly forty feet thick at its greatest diameter. The column on which it rests is twelve feet high and at the narrowest place not more than five feet in diameter. One is puzzled to understand how this great mass of silicious sandstone is able to rest on such small support, and it is evident that a slight earthquake shock, or a few sticks of dynamite, rightly placed, would send this mighty rock thundering and crashing down the declivity below. Just back of this goblet-shaped curiosity carved out in the long course of geological time is the cliff from which it is taken. A log from the cliff to the rock some twenty feet, served for sometime as a means of access to the top of the 29
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