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Gc 979.1 M13a v.2 1401432
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01103 5356
GENEALOGY 979.1 M13A v.2
THE CAPITOL OF ARIZONA AT PHOENIX
مصابة
ARIZONA®
Prehistoric - Aboriginal Pioneer-Modern
THE NATION'S YOUNGEST COMMONWEALTH WITHIN A LAND OF ANCIENT CULTURE
By JAMES H. MCCLINTOCK
VOLUME II
THE
TE
SEAL O
DITAT DEUS
CREAT
ARIZONA
CHICAGO THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING CO. 1916
0
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXV
FOUNDING A COMMONWEALTH
Establishment of a Government in a Wilderness-The First Officials-Their Westward Journey-Sworn in at Navajo Springs-Building a Capital City-Early Agriculture -Ross Browne's Estimate of Arizona and Faith in Her Future .313
CHAPTER XXVI 1401432
LAW BROUGHT TO ARIZONA
Elections, Officials and Legislatures-McCormick's Continued Successes-Establishment of Courts-Creation of Counties-Highways-Yuma Land Dispute-A Loyal Peo- ple-Fremont's Governorship-Divorces and Lotteries-The Thieving Thirteenth- Bullion Tax Repeal . 324
CHAPTER XXVII
CLEVELAND TO MCKINLEY
Troublous Political Times through the Administrations of Governors Zulick, Wolfley, Irwin, Hughes and McCord-The Asylum Inquiry-Change of the Capital to Phoenix-Lost Laws-Hold-over Muddle-Yuma Prison Labor Contract-Nen Code 336
CHAPTER XXVIII
CLOSING YEARS OF THE TERRITORY
The Various Capitols of Arizona Till Dedication of the State House at Phoenix-Admin- istrations of Governors Murphy, Brodie, Kibbey and Sloan-Arizona's Song and Flower-Raising the Taxes on Mines-Territorial Judges. .350
CHAPTER XXIX
HOW STATEHOOD WAS GAINED
Enfranchisement Asked in Earliest Territorial Days-A Constitutional Convention that Remonetized Silver-Congressional Inspection- The Joint Statehood Peril-The Con- stitution and Its Preparation-Taft's Veto of the Recall- Statehood Gained-Terri- torial Legislators .361
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m
CLIC $ 27.50 5-9-67 (2 VA(Li) 8. 4616 .
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXX
ARIZONA UNDER STATEHOOD
Jeffersonian Simplicity Marked the Inauguration of Governor Hunt-Perpetual Legis- latures and Many Referendum Submissions-The Governor's Opposition to Capital Punishment --- How Delay Affected the Federal Judgeship-Popular Election of Sen-
ators .375
CHAPTER XXXI PASSING OF THE OLDEN DAYS
Decline and Fall of Arizona Gambling-Character of the Professional Gambler-Early Efforts Toward Prohibition and Final Success-Female Suffrage and Its Effect upon Politics-Non-alcoholic Baptism of the Battleship "Arizona" .383
CHAPTER XXXII MINING AND MINERS
Prospectors Ever in the Vanguard of Civilization-Wealth that has Come Through a "Grubstake"-"Lost Mines" of the Southwest-The Miner Party-Fraudulent Mining Schemes-Arizona Diamonds that Came from Africa-Quijotoa's Boom .388
CHAPTER XXXIII MINES, PIONEER AND MODERN
Mohave was First in the North-The Old Vulture-Romance of the Silver King- Ed. Schieffelin and the Discovery of Tombstone-Riches of the United Verde-Desert Bonanzas-How the Vekol Was Found. . 399
CHAPTER XXXIV GREAT COPPER DEPOSITS
The History of the Globe Section-Miami's Recent Development-Ray's Mines and Hayden's Reduction Works-Clifton, a Pioneer Copper Producer-Bisbee's Real Discoverer-Growth of the Camp-Mining for a Meteor-Copper Production . .. 415
CHAPTER XXXV IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT
Long Effort and Millions of Dollars Expended on the Salt River Project-Electric Power Generation-Roosevelt Dedicates the Roosevelt Dam-Yuma Well Served from the Laguna Dam-Storage Plans for the Gila River Valley. 431
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CHAPTER XXXVI
THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY
Cowboys, Typical and Otherwise- Stocking of the Arizona Ranges- Sheep and Their Faithful Shepherds-Antagonism of the Two Stock Divisions-Elk Imported from Wyoming-Rise and Decline of the Arizona Ostrich Breeding Industry . . . .. . 445
CHAPTER XXXVII MORMON COLONIZATION
The Church a Great Pioneering Force-John D. Lee Long a Refugee in the Grand Cañon-Settlements in Northern Arizona-Missionary Work of Jacob Hamblin- Founding a Stake in the Little Colorado Valley-Communities Established at Lehi, Mesa, Saint David and on the Gila . 450
CHAPTER XXXVIII THE LAW OF THE FRONTIER
Popular Administration of Justice at Many Points-Phoenix as a "Wild West" Town- Globe's Hanging Tree-The Bisbee Massacre-Heath Lynching at Tombstone- "Bad Men" and Frontier Sheriffs-Commodore Owens-Pete Gabriel and Joe 458 Phy
CHAPTER XXXIX CRIMES OF THE ROAD
The Great Wham Robbery and Its Political Complications-Gribble and Barney Martin Murders-A Female Bandit-Train Robberies that Proved Unprofitable-Jim Parker's Path to the Gallows-Burt Alvord and the Cochise Train Robbery . .. . 471
CHAPTER XL SOUTHWESTERN OUTLAWS
The Earps and Their Career at Tombstone-What It Cost to Take Sheep into Pleasant Valley-Justice as Rough Hewn on the Frontier-Arizona Rangers and Their Good Work-Arizona's Penitentiaries-End of the Wild West Era .. 480
CHAPTER XLI
RELIGION AND EDUCATION
How the Work of the Missions Was Taken Up-Establishment of the Diocese of Tucson -Entrance of the Episcopal Church-Bishop Kendrick's Good Deeds-Early Protestant Missionaries-Foundation of the Public School System-The University and Normal Schools 492
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CHAPTER XLII
NEWSMEN AND NEWSPAPERS
Beginnings of Arizona Journalism at Tubac and Fort Whipple-Two Journalistic Duels that Were Bloodless-How Editor Bagg Evened an Old Score-Newspapers Known in Every Section-Hopes and Ideals of the Frontier Scribes .500
CHAPTER XLIII ARIZONA'S WAR RECORD
Participation of the "Rough Riders" in the War With Spain-Honor to the Flag of the Arizona Squadron-Captain O'Neill and the Monument at Prescott-The First Ter- ritorial Infantry-National Guard of Arizona and Its Service on the Field . ..... 512
CHAPTER XLIV SOUTHWESTERN LAND GRANTS
Possible Benefit of Harsh Natural Conditions-Fen Grants Made in Arizona-The No- torious Peralta-Reavis Fraud and How It Was Uncovered-Work of the Court of Private Land Claims-Railway Subsidy Grants-Modern Surveys. .. .529
CHAPTER XLV PRESIDENTS AND PUBLICITY
Visits to Arizona Made by Hayes, Mckinley, Roosevelt and Taft-Expositions, Fairs and Fiestas-How Shark Island Swallowed Arizonans-Santa Teresa's Power- Clifton Foundlings-Arizona's Subdivisions-Utah's Aspirations-Census and As- sessment Figures .541
CHAPTER XLVI IN THE NORTH AND WEST
Northwestern Arizona-Development Along the Little Colorado-Effect of Railroad Con- struction-Flagstaff's Observatory-Yuma and the River Towns-Yavapai's Growth-Conflagrations at Prescott and Jerome-The Dam Break at Walnut Grove .553
CHAPTER XLVII THROUGH CENTRAL ARIZONA
Settlement of the Salt River Valley-Foundation and Civic Advancement of Phoenix- First Mails and Schools-How Tempe and Mesa Came into Being-Florence and Its Neighborhood-Towns of the Upper Gila Valley and Early Indian Tribu- lation .565
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CHAPTER XLVIII
SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA
Tucson, from Mexican Days to Modern Times-Arrival of the Railroad-Telegraphing the Pope-Current History of Tombstone and Bisbee-Nogales, Successor to the Hopes of Calabasas-War on the Border-Globe and Miami. 577
CHAPTER XLIX
SOUTHERN ARIZONA PIONEERS
Chas. D. Poston-Wm. H. Kirkland-Peter R. Brady-Fritz Contzen-Estevan Ochoa -Samuel Hughes-Thomas Hughes-L. C. Hughes-S. R. DeLong --- J. B. Allen -Fred G. Hughes-C. B. Stocking-R. N. Leatherwood-S. H. Drachman-E. N. Fish-I. S. Mansfeld-W. C. Greene-Col. Kosterlitsky-Pauline Cushman- Pioneer Society 592
CHAPTER L
NORTH OF THE GILA
R. C. McCormick-Sol. Barth-C. B. Genung-J. H. Lee-Ed. Peck-Jack Swilling -Darrell Duppa-Abe. Frank-Al. Sieber-Tom Fitch-C. H. Gray-Michael Wormser-E. F. Kellner-The Pioneers' Home and Its Inmates. .. .608
Arizona -The Youngest State
CHAPTER XXV
FOUNDING A COMMONWEALTH
Establishment of a Government in a Wilderness-The First Officials-Their Westward Journey-Sworn in at Navajo Springs-Building a Capital City-Early Agriculture -Ross Browne's Estimate of Arizona and Faith in Her Future.
Just as the land of Arizona is unlike any other land, so was the foundation of the government of her commonwealth. Ordinarily, governments are organ- ized on the primary basis of population, the governing center placed in the most populous section of the new administrative unit. Very different it was here.
The capital was established on the northernmost edge of white settlement. Geographically it was in the center of the new territory, a point probably con- sidered by its founders. It was in the midst of a beautiful, forested, mountain- ous district, but the time was snowy midwinter. The locality was far from the main continental thoroughfare. Tucson, the only town within the territory, lay distant more than 250 miles, over a roadless, Apache-infested wilderness. Bright must have been the hopeful vision of the founders of our state.
Arizona was given a separate territorial government for a number of reasons, the least of them the very manifest one of the needs of the neglected people. The Confederacy already had recognized the existence of a Territory of Ari- zona, though with very different area, embracing about the southern two-fifths of the present New Mexico and Arizona. This, at least, was a precedent. As a war measure it was considered advisable to have a center of federal authority thrown between the South and the Pacific Coast. But a weighty reason for organization was that a number of politicians, some of them "lame ducks" still in Congress (Gurley and Goodwin) wanted office and saw possibilities of fame and wealth in a far-off section whence had come reports of riches in silver and gold and which might prove another California. Not that these politicians were not a decent sort. They were that and more. They were men of sturdy character, patriotism and energy and, best of all, had faith in their mission and hope in its successful outcome.
CREATION OF THE TERRITORY OF ARIZONA
The act organizing the temporary government for the Territory of Arizona was approved by the President February 24, 1863. It set off the western half of New Mexico to be
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erected into a temporary government by the name of the Territory of Arizona: Provided, that nothing contained in the provisions of this act shall be construed to prohibit the Congress of the United States from dividing said territory or changing its boundaries in such manner and at such time as it may deem proper: Provided, further, that said govern- ment shall be maintained and continued until such time as the people residing in said territory shall, with the consent of Congress, form a state government, republican in form, as prescribed in the Constitution of the United States, and apply for and obtain admission into the Union as a state, on an equal footing with the original states.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, that the government hereby authorized shall consist of an executive, a legislative and a judicial power. The executive power shall be vested in a governor. The legislative power shall consist of a council of nine members, and a house of representatives of eighteen. The judicial power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, to consist of three judges, and such inferior courts as the legislative council may by law prescribe; there shall also be a secretary, a marshal, a district attorney, and a surveyor general for said territory, who, together with the governor and judges of the Supreme Court, shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and the term of office for each, the manner of their appointment, and the powers, duties, and the compensation of the governor, legislative assembly, judges of the Supreme Court, secretary, marshal, district attorney, and surveyor general aforesaid, with their clerks, draughtsmen, deputies, and sergeants-at-arms, shall be such as are conferred upon the same officers by the act organizing the territorial government of New Mexico, which subordinate officers shall be appointed in the same manner and not exceed in number those created by said act and acts amendatory thereto, together with all legislative enactments of the Territory of New Mexico not incon- sistent with the provisions of this act, are hereby extended to and continued in force in the said Territory of Arizona, until repealed or amended by future legislation: Provided, that no salary shall be due or paid the officers created by this act until they have entered upon the duties of their respective offices within the said territory.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, that there shall neither be slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted; and all acts and parts of acts, either of Congress or of the Territory of New Mexico, establishing, regulating, or in any way recognizing the relation of master and slave in said territory are hereby repealed.
THE FIRST TERRITORIAL OFFICIALS
The tentative list of officials made up for the new territory by a caucus of the prospective appointees in Washington was accepted by President Lincoln without change. In March, 1863, appointment was made of the following- named: Governor, John A. Gurley of Ohio; Secretary, Richard C. McCormick of New York; Chief Justice, John N. Goodwin of Maine; Associate Justices, Wm. T. Howell of Michigan, Jos. P. Allyn of Connecticut; District Attorney, John Titus of Pennsylvania; Marshal, Milton B. Duffield of California (or New York) ; Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Chas. D. Poston of Arizona, who was credited to Kentucky. Before the party of officials started West, there had been several changes. August 18 Governor Gurley died, after a long illness that had delayed matters, and on the 21st to the place was appointed Goodwin. In turn, his position was filled by the appointment of Wm. F. Turner of Iowa. Then Mr. Titus was made chief justice of Utah and Almon Gage of New York was placed in the office vacated. May 26 Levi Bashford was appointed surveyor general.
About August 27 Governor Goodwin left New York for the West, accom- panied by Secretary McCormick and Judge Allyn, a short stay being made at Cincinnati to pick up any threads of business that might have been left by Gurley. Government transportation was provided from Fort Leavenworth,
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which was left September 26, the party by that time enlarged by the addition of Howell, Gage and Bashford. Judge Turner overtook the wagons at Fort Larned.
Poston, probably with his mining and political interests in mind, preferred to go around by San Francisco, from which point he was accompanied by the new marshal and by J. Ross Browne, the noted California writer, who had some sort of official connection with the Department of the Interior. They sailed on the old steamer Senator for San Pedro, December 5, 1863, in company with Ammi White, Indian agent at the Pima villages, and two of his wards, Antonio Azul, chief of the Pimas, and Francisco, an interpreter. Antonio apparently had been taken northward that on his return he might properly impress his people with the wonders of the civilization of the whites. With him had been Iretaba, chief of the Mojaves, who is recorded as having made a sensation in New York and Washington. Browne and Poston, a part of the time with a military escort, toured the southern part of the new territory, the former accumu- lating material for his interesting book on Arizona, and it was some time before Poston joined his fellow officials at the seat of government.
Some private chronicles of the time are to the effect that the original destina- tion of the main official party was Tucson, the largest settlement in the new territory and the most logical site for the capital. Yet designation of Tucson as the capital had been stricken out of the enabling act. The town was considered more or less of a hotbed of secession and therefore entitled to little considera- tion. From private sources the author has learned that Goodwin and his cabinet were still in doubt concerning their destination when they arrived, November 14, at Santa Fé. There, it is told, they proved willing listeners when General Carleton suggested that they strike out into the wilderness of Central Arizona and there, protected by a military post he was establishing, erect a new capital city that should be wholly American, without Mexican or secession influences, within a land wherein rich discoveries had been made, and which, favored by abundant water and timber and by a delightful climate, would seem destined to soon fill with a high class of American residents.
ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND
The entry of the new land was attended with some degree of pomp and circumstance. There was a military escort, commanded by Lieut. Col. J. Fran- cisco Chaves of the First New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry, with a detachment of ten men of Troop E of his regiment, under Capt. Rafael Chacon, and a detachment of the Eleventh Missouri Volunteer Cavalry, under Capt. J. H. Butcher, the last-named, with twenty-five men, ordered from station at Los Pinos. Colonel Chaves includes in the list of his command two companies of the First California Infantry, but these probably were those sent on before. The dignitaries rode in three "ambulances" and the impedimenta, official sup- plies, provisions and forage were in sixty-six mule-drawn wagons. Old Fort Wingate was reached December 13.
Thence, according to Colonel Chaves, the route was along the "Camino del Obispo," so named because of the passage over it of Bishop Zubiria of Durango, who was going to baptize the Zuñi Indians. A description of the road given by the colonel is not attractive and he remarked upon the arduous circumstances
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that must have attended the bishop in 1833, with the first carriage that had ever gone over the trail. In addition to the ordinary difficulties of the almost unbroken pathway, there was necessity for continual vigilance against possible assaults of Apaches and Navajos. Snow banks were encountered and frequently there were long stretches without wood or water or possible camping places for the expedition, encumbered as it was with many wagons and animals. On the 27th it was more or less guessed that the parallel of 109 degrees, west longitude, had been passed. In order to make sure, the party journeyed nearly two days more, a distance of about forty miles, to Navajo Springs, noted by Chaves as a couple of miles south of the present railroad station of that name.
Fully assured that the land of promise had been reached, the expedition halted, on the afternoon of December 29, 1863, for the formal organization of the Territory of Arizona.
PROCLAIMING THE GOVERNMENT
The officials were sworn in by the chief justice. In accordance with the customs of the time, champagne was produced and a health was drunk to the success of the new political subdivision. The proclamation of the President was read and Secretary McCormick, to whom was delegated the honor of rais- ing the flag, made a brief address, as follows:
Gentlemen-As the properly qualified officer, it becomes my duty to inaugurate the pro- ceedings of the day. After a long and trying journey, we have arrived within the limits of the Territory of Arizona. These broad plains and hills form a part of the district over which as the representatives of the United States we are to establish a civil government. Happily, although claimed by those now in hostility to the federal arms, we take possession of the territory without resort to military force. The flag which I hoist in token of our authority is no new and untried banner. For nearly a century it has been the recognized, the honored, the loved emblem of law and liberty. From Canada to Mexico, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, millions of strong arms are raised in its defense, and above all efforts of foreign or domestic foes it is destined to live untarnished and transcendent.
As the flag rose upon the extemporized staff there were three hearty cheers. Prayer then was offered by H. W. Read.
The governor and others made short addresses and the speeches were trans- lated into Spanish by Interpreter Hadley, for the benefit of the New Mexican soldiers.
Governor Goodwin's first act was the issuance of a proclamation of his inten- tion to organize a territorial government in accordance with the provisions of the organic act. A preliminary census would be taken, judicial districts would be formed and an election would be called to provide a legislature and to fill local offices. In these the assistance of all citizens was asked to sustain his efforts to establish a government, "whereby the security of life and property will be maintained throughout the limits of the territory and its various resources be rapidly and successfully developed." It was stated that the seat of government for the present would be at or near Fort Whipple.
At Volunteer Spring, near San Francisco Mountain, Secretary McCormick and Judge Allyn, with a squad of the volunteers, left the main party and arrived at Fort Whipple, at the Little Chino Valley camp, January 17, 1864. The main party arrived at noon, January 22. The second party had some little
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trouble on the way at Rattlesnake or Hell Canon, fifteen miles northeast of Whipple. Captain Chacon, riding in advance with his men, came upon a small party of Indians, "Yalapais" (Hualpais or Tontos), who refused to obey the captain's order to accompany him to camp and who, charged with having drawn knives, were fired upon, two of them being killed.
CARLETON HAD SPIED OUT THE LAND
General Carleton had been making investigation of the new land. The previous summer he had ordered Capt. N. J. Pishon, Co. D, First California Cavalry, from Fort Craig, to proceed as an escort for Surveyor-General Clark to the newly-discovered gold fields near where Prescott now stands. The captain was directed on arrival to have his men prospect the gulches and to wash gold and to report the amount of gold each secured, in order that people might not be deccived or inveigled into a distant country without knowing well what they might expect to find. The general continued, "If the country is as rich as reported-and of this I have no doubt-there will on your return be a revolution in matters here which no man now can ever dream of." The order recited that on Pishon's return two companies of California troops would be sent to establish a post in the heart of the gold region, so the commanding officer was directed to have an eye out for the best location for such a post.
Concerning this expedition and a few collateral features, herewith is printed a letter to the editor from A. F. Banta, one of the few living pioneers who have personal recollections on the subject. Thoughi official records sustaining this contention have not been found, Banta insists that General Carleton had ordered a watch kept on the Walker party, suspected of conspiring on behalf of the Confederacy. Information sustaining this view, Banta tells, was furnished by A. C. Benedict, a good Union man, who had joined in Colorado. Now, to quote Banta :
About this time Bob Groom and two companions reached Fort Union on the trail of the Walker party. All three were arrested and placed in the guard house. Being a personal friend of Senator MeDougal of California, Groom wrote the senator at Washington, stating his predicament, and asked the senator's help. The senator called upon Secretary Stanton and presented the case, but was told by Stanton that there was "but one way your friend can obtain his release; he must take the oath of allegiance to the United States; otherwise he remains under guard till the close of the war." The senator informed Bob of the secretary's decision, and rather than lie in confinement for an indefinite time, Bob took the oath. General Carleton, being apprised of the above facts, sent word to Bob Groom to call upon him at Santa Fé. Carleton said to Groom, "I understand you desire to join the Walker party." Boh replied that that was his original intention. The general said, "I am sending a troop of cavalry out to ascertain the location of the party and to verify certain rumors and I would like you to accompany the troop as guide under pay for your services." This troop was Captain Pishon's company of the First California Volunteer Cavalry. Surveyor-General Clark and Pishon were intimate friends. Clark accompanied Pishon in a civil capacity, or merely as a citizen. Pishon and Groom climbed the San Francisco Mountains and with a glass scanned the horizon to the southward. It was at this point the old emigrant trail was left. From their elevation on the mountain they could see the country where Prescott is now situated and the heavy timbered country south of it. With the glass both Bob and Pishon were pretty sure they could see smoke. They reached Granite Creek and made camp beneath a large pine tree about where the court house at Prescott now stands. Camp was made between 3 and 4 o'clock in the afternoon in the month of July, 1863.
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