USA > California > Sacramento County > An illustrated history of Sacramento County, California : containing a history of Sacramento County from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future portraits of some of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also prominent citizens of today > Part 1
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ENERGITRES®
FROM
THE
GARDEN THE
WORLD
Gc 979.401 Sal4i 1152321
WILLI
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01067 2589
LA:
M. L
Assembly California Legislature
GUEST CARD GENEALOGY COLLECTION
MICHAEL CONNOLLY SERGEANT-AT-ARMS
Sacramento, May 3, 1953 Please admit Bruce no Berney Santa Monica to Asently Chamber
"I. the session today.
MEMBER OF THE ASSEMBLY
AN
ILLUSTRATED HISTORY
-- OF
ACRAMENTO COUNTY
CALIFORNIA.
Containing a History of Sacramento County from the Earliest Period of its Occupancy to the Present Time, together with Glimpses of its Prospective Future; with Profuse Illustrations of its Beautiful Scenery, Full-Page Portraits of Some of its most Eminent Men, and Biographical Mention of Many of its Pioneers and also of Prominent Citizens of To-day.
0 --
GENERAL CHAPTERS BY HON. WIN. J. DAVIS.
CHICAGO: THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1890:
·
- Marshall-25.00
CHAPTER I.
TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL, CLIMATE, ETC .-
Derivation of name " Sacramento"
1
Latitude and Longitude.
1
Height above Sea-level
F
Surface of the Land.
1
Water and Soil.
2
Productions and Climate.
3
Mines and Minerals 5
Indians. ..
6
CHAPTER II.
JOHN A. SUTTER AND HIS FORT ..
7, 806
CHAPTER III.
THE CALIFORNIA REVOLUTION AND THE BEAR-FLAG
PARTY.
12
CHAPTER IV.
DISCOVERY OF GOLD-
Discoveries Pr.or to 1848 15
Marshall's Discovery 17
Sketch of Marshall. 17
CHAPTER V.
F UNDING OF SACRAMENTO CITY-
The " Embarcadero " and Sutterville. 18
Hoboken .. 19
George McDougal 19
First Election.
20
Other "First" Things
20
Prison Brig.
21
CHAPTER VI.
THE SQUATTER RIOTS-
Dr. Morse's History 23
Sutter's Notice to the Squatters. 23
Claims of the Squatters. . 23
Squatters' Association 24
Judge Willis' Adverse Decision
25
Squatters Declare Resistance. 25
Riotous Meeting 26
The Shooting. 28
Letter Found in Dr. Robinson's Tent. 29
Subsequent Events, and Peace Restored 30 Sketches of McCulloch and Caulfield .. 34 Gen. A. M. Winn 806
CHAPTER VII.
COUNTY GOVERNMENT-
First Attempt. 30
First Election. 3%
Subsequent Elections, and List of Officers to
Date.
39-45
CHAPTER VIII.
SACRAMENTO COUNTY LEGISLATORS- Senators .. 43, 806
Assemblymen
46, 806
CHAPTER IX.
THE BENCH AND THE BAR-
The Bench. 52
The Attorneys of the Past 54,806
The Present Bar
59
CHAPTER X.
CRIMINALS-
Early Ruffianism 61
Lynching.
61
Sketches of Principal Cases.
63-71,807
CHAPTER XI.
POLITICAL-
Double-headed Convention at the Baptist Church. 72
"Spittoon " Convention.
74
Sketch of H. S. Foote.
75
CHAPTER XII.
THE MILITARY
76
CHAPTER XIII.
THE PRESS-
Sketch of all the Periodicals
80, 807
CHAPTER XIV.
EDUCATIONAL-
City Schools.
98
Officers of the Board.
99-104, 807
The High School ..
104
The Country Schools
105
CHAPTER XV.
NAVIGATION-
First Sailing on the Sacramento
. ... . . . 107
1152321
iv
CONTENTS
First Steamboat. 108
Steamboat Explosions. 110
CHAPTER XVI.
RAILROADS-
The Sacramento Valley Railroad . 113, 119
Central Pacific. 113
Western Pacific. 118
California Central. 119
Freeport Railroad
120
Railroad Shops at Sacramento .. 120
CHAPTER XVII.
BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-
Agricultural Society.
122
A Successful Experiment .. 123
Sacramento Board of Trade .. 123
The Improvement Association. 126
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS-
Distress During the Early G ld-Mining Period.
.127
Cholera. .
129
Early Hospitals
132
The County Hospital.
132
Railroad Hospital. .
133
Protestant Orphan Asylum 133
Marguerite liome ..
134
Water Cures. 135
. CHAPTER XIX.
SACRAMENTO CITY-
Pioneer Business Men. 138
Flouring-Mills 142
Other Enterprises. 143
Mills' Bank. 807
Museum and Art Gallery. 146
Business Colleges.
147
Public Libraries 159
Municipal 151
First Charter
152
Consolidation with the County 154
Present City Charter. 154
First Mayor Elected. 154
Mayors to Date.
155
Other City Officers.
156
Fires and Fire Department. 160
164
Water Works. 164
166
Gas Works. 167
Yolo Bridge
Cemeteries 163
Churches 168
Societies
179
CHAPTER XX.
MISCELLANEOUS-
Postoffices .200
Other Points. 200
County Nomenclature 200
Census.
202
Court-House
202
State Capital. 203
Flooda. .
204
205
CHAPTER XX1.
THE TOWNSHIPS-
Alabama. 207
American 208
Brighton 210
Center.
.213
Cosumnes 215
218
Franklin
225
Georgiana
Granite. 227
Lee. 234
.237
Natoma. 240
San Joaquin 242
Sutter
245
ADDENDA .806
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES,
Adams, C. E.
483
Barnett, Robert .491
Barry, John T
492
Black, John. 510
Aiken, E. F ..
579
Barton, H. E
770
Blanchard, George A 374
Alexander, D. E 798
Bassett, L. F. 755
Bloom, Andrew C. 711
Alexander, Jobn Kihg. 799
Bates, B. F. .383
Bobl, Peter. 712
Allen, Robert 485
Bates, G. O .710
Bonte, C. C. 401
Alltucker, Henry .488
Bauer, John J 312
Booth, Newton. 287
Alvord, Harvey 486
Bauquier, Joseph
.313
Bowers, W. O. 795
Anderaon, Jamea.
708
Baxter, M. A.
.735
Bowles, J. S. :13
Anderson, W. A.
291
Beals. H. S. 792
Bradford, J. B. 714
Andrews, John N .526
Beans, B. F. 458
Beatty, H. O. 254
Beatty, William H. .571
Beckley, Lucius R. .422
Beckley, P. R. 422
Bellmer, John. 791
Brison, W. W
384
Bailey, J. D .461
Bailey, Joseph 709
Bailey, Joshua J. 492
Besagno, A 712
Bronner. George F 768
Bainbridge, J C .259
Biewener, F. 734
Brown, Alexander 488
Barber, Manville
.408
Birch, William A 493
Branscombe, S. A 491
Armstrong, Mrs. Julia 537
Breeding, William 490
Aull, Charles
.386
Briggs, Alfred .. 716
Briggs, William Ellery .367
Benedix, C. W. T. 309
Broder, Jacob 387
Bennett, Mrs. M. 390
Broder, Oswald. 387
Brown, J. B. 494
Bitchell, James .538
Addington, A. M.
.487
Azevedo, M. J 759
Bradley, William H 714
Armstrong, John W 274
Mississippi
Dry Creek. .223
Levees
Exempt Firemen's Association
V
CONTENTS.
Brundage. N. J. 410
Bruner, Elwood 269
Brusie, Jud. C. . : .366
Cox, John H. 699
Coy, Zenas L.
698
Flaherty, Peter 347
Fortman, Henry 729
Foster, Albert
.465
Foster, E. W.
673
Fountain, Joshua
670
Fountain, W. A.
796
Fraley, James M 512
Frazer, Wm. F 681
Freeman, Isaac F. 637
Frees, Jacob. 748
Freitas, Jobn Soto 681
Frey, Henry
650
Fritsch, John
328
Frost, A. L.
545
Frye, Wm. H.
427
Fuchs, Peter
325
Gabrielli, P
748
Galgani, P. A.
749
Gardiner, P. H 523
Gardner, Charles F .365
Gardner, Zebulon
365
Garfield, S. H. .683
Garrett, Samuel
682
Gebert, Jacob.
748
Gehring, Fred.
330
Gerber, L.
650
Gerrish, Sam'] H
Gett, W. A., Jr.
609
Gill, Noah B ..
540
Gilmore. J. A. 463
Glann Family 653
Glann, Peter
655
Glann, Daniel. 655
Glann, Vincent.
655
Goldberg, A
652
Goodell, N. D 270
Goodrich, O. O 429
Goslin, Jolın
652
Grace, Thos.
.6 9
Graf, Markus
560
Graf, Paul 759
Graff, W. C ..
758
Graham, J. A 518
Green, Chris
664
Green, E. H. 756
Green, M. S. 587
Green, P. B.
541
Greene, Geo. B 617
Greer, Erskin. 430
Gregory, A. () .. 771
Gregory, Eugene J . .. 432
Gribble, Hiram 333
Ehrhardt, Henry .412 Griesel, Jacob. .327
Ehrhardt, John
419
Griffitts, John T.
580
Eilers, D W .790
Eldred, Sidney 331
Ellis, William H. .549
Enos, James E. .547
Everson. Julius
674
Ewing, G. V
494
Ewing, Mrs. Elizabeth W 494
Fassett, L. H. .675
Fay, Franklin G 258
Fay, M.
.452
Felch, W. C 407
Feldhusen, C
308
Fiel, Isaac.
674
Figg, E. P.
362
Fisher, George S. 742
Fisher, H. & Co. 679
Fitch, W. C .. .309
Bryan, William E .550
Bryan, W. F.
.712
Buckley, John J
.294
Buell, Daniel H .. .467
Buffalo Brewing Company .773
Burke, F. T.
773
Burke, F. A. . 455
Burnham, James H. .389
Burns, A. B .691
Burns, Peter .705
Burr. A. E.
.413
Butterfield, Rufus 708
Caffaro, Louis 754
Calderwood, J. F 788
Calio. J. B. . 704
Callahan, G. W. .453
Camp, J. E. 584
Campbell, Chas. M .. .765
Campbell, Mrs. Polly 700
Cantrell, D. H. 800
Caples, James. 700
Carr, George T.
.529
Carrington, S. E
83
Carroll, Edgar B
.144
Carroll, H. W
80:
Carroll, John H.
801
Carroll, William
719
Caselli, Vincent. .719
Casey, Thomas G
391
Caswell, W. A
335
Castro, Manuel.
306
Catlin, A. P
Cave, J. B.
.316
Chamberlain, W. E
.425
Champlin, Nelson. .406
Chandler, L. C ... 361
Chase, Hiram
718
Chesley, G. W .733
Chinnick, James T. 484
Chipman, H. C .. .353
Christesen, Robert. .691
Church, W. S
.376
Clark, Howell .273
Clark, J. Frank .367
Clark, Palmer .548
Clark, Robert C'. 799
Clarke, George L 544
Clarke, J. W
303
Clayton, M. F,
Clayton, Mrs. S. E 136
Clow, G. B.
.576
Cluness, W. R .. 475
Coffinan, Alfred
.469
.690
Colebaker, A.
.391
Coleman, J. O
.464
Coleman, W. P. 569
Colton, G. M ... .536
Comstock, Elijah .687
Comstock, W. D .289
Conner, George D. .688
Connor, F. E
468
Cook, A, A. 789 Cook, Henry. .690
Cook, Thomas If 790
Coons, David. .392
Core, A. F . .474
Cornelius, H. P
478
Cosby, G. B. 769
Costello, J. H. 718
Crouch, H. R. .697
Croley, E. J. 703
Cross, John F. .696
Cummings, C. H 255
Cunningham, J. A
793
Cunningham, William.
695
Curtis, William. 124
Dalton. Dennis .697
Daly, Elisha .. 511
Daniel, Bartin. 292
Danis, Alexis J 728
Darling, George W 694
Dart, George .510
Dart, Martin 693
Davies, Owen T. .694
Davis A. B
692
Davis, D. L.
.467
Davis, L. R.
420
Davis, George G.
.553
Davis, Win. J
De Kay, Seely
636
Denson, S. C.
.286
Deterding. H. F. W.
421
Devin. A. R 688
Dickey, Sanford. 760
Dickinson, Mrs. Mary 759
Dickson, Charles . 683
Dierssen, D. & Co 726
Dierssen, G. E. A. .727
Dingley, N .322
Divine, J. B 785
Dixon, G. M 405
Dixon, William E 45%
Dodge, P. H. .669
Dolan, John H. .315
Dolson, John C.
.511
Douglas, Philip .307
Dray, F. R. 254
Drew, M. M . 688
Duden, George E. 667
Duffey, John 398
Dunn, Chauncey H.
.290
Dwyer, Thomas.
663
Eagle, Thomas B 699
Eastman, W. E. . 509
Eberhardt, William. 337
Ebner, F. X. 744
Eckhardt, Henry .340
Ecklon, C. L 390
Eckman, H. L 743
Grimshaw, W. R. 616
Grimshaw, W. Robinson.
.616
Grondona, Joseph.
.644
Grubler, Christian 793
Gruhler, Elias
758
Gruhler, Jacob .320
Grubler, John
567
Gunter, A. M.
643
Gutenberger, Wm
415
Ilaase, Peter.
389
ITack, Geo. W.
276
ITale Bros. & Co.
781
Ilall, I. G ..
651
457
249
. 135
Cohn, Simon
Grim, Otho Shaw. . 455
Cox, Frederick, 575
Coyle, James
.696
Carle, Silas. 702 95
vi
CONTENTS.
Hall, R. B.
533
Hamilton, E. R. 266
.
Hamilton, J. H. 639
Hamilton, W. B. 558
Hamilton, W. H 783
Hammer, L. K. 642
Hancock, Geo. W. 776
Hanlon, Joseph .639
Hanson, Peter. .533
Harkins, James. .471
Harlow, G. WV
649
Hart, A .. .785
Hart, E. C. 269
Harvey, C. W 644
Harvey, Obed .646
Harvie, N. .786
Hasman, Joseph 396
Hatch, F. W. 736
Haub, John 312
Hayden, John H. .631
Lages, Christopher. 359
Lages, Herman 325
La Rue, H. M . .577
Laut kotter, J. A 356
Heath, Geo. W
765
Heath, John W.
.519
Heinrich, Charles.
785
Henderson, J. M.
.573
Lea, Charles 666
Lea, Isaac.
665
Heringa, John
.523
Lee, Mrs. Mary
.496
Herrick, A. C.
.262
Lee, Timothy ..
485
Hertzel, A ..
Herzog, Philip.
.360
Leitch, E. M. .294
Hill, H. S. .
.626
Hinkson, Add. C.
.258
Hite, J. G.
.638
Hoey, Peter
. 633
Hoitt, Ira G
.284
Holder, Thos
721
Hollister, Dwight
.489
Holmes, Henry
.610
Loch, Louis.
.753
Lockett, R. S.
.676
Hopkins, A. S.
.622
Lothhammer, Fred. 753
Lovdal, O. O
.677
Howe. E. P. .535
Hubbard, C. H
.684
Hubbard, I. M
.805
Huber, Herman
428
Hughson, W. A
266
Hull, C. A .680
Hull, Joseph . 519
Humbert, P. A .679
Hunt. D. R. 521
Huntoon, J. L .261
llyman, Jacob .678
Irvine, W. J .341
Jackson, H. J .519
Jackson, M. C. 522
Jean. Adolph .614
Jenkins, C. A. .403
Johnson, A. .527
Johnson, Grove L. .613
Johnson, G. A 297
Johnston, D. .373
Johnston, Wm. .576
Jolly, C. H .612
Jordan, Janies 762
Joseph, Isaac. .737
Kane, J. O. .635
Kane, Newell 513
Karcher, Matt 786
Keefe, Michael
516
McIntyre, Mary E 493
McKee, E. H .. .375
Kelly, Edward 634
Kercheval, Reuben 514
McKune, J. H ... 766
McLanahan, D. .659
Mclaughlin, Wm. 503
McManus, Alfred G .. .461
Mc Mitchell, Wyman 753
McMullen, Geo. C 257
McNamee, Frank. .648
McNeal, A .664
McNeill, John .. 364
Mealand, Charles 257
Meckfessel, Frank .723
Meierdierks, C. H. 335
Meister, A. 326
Meister, Jacob 598
Meister, John
789
Melvin, H. G
Melvin, Wm.
Mendis, Anton
.599
Menke, Anton 416
Merwin, S. H. 503
Meyers, Frederick 500
Middlemass, J. H. 316
Milgate, Wm. 543
Miller, A. D 618
Miller, Jacob 574
Miller, Joho. 740
Miller, John S .782
Miller, P. A 432
Miller, W. A .617
Millikin, John M 793
Miser, Mrs. Isabella W.
761
Mitchell, Wm. .574
Montague, Alex .. .377
Morgan, Henry O
Morse, G. W .614
Morse, S T 501
Morton, E. G 615
Mott, F. N 500
Munger, Carl 625
Murphy, R. J . .620
Myers, Henry W. 619
Luce, Israel 47 ) Nagele, J. J 625
Neal, Charles A 623
Neal, John. 623
Neary, Fred. .348
Need, George 381
Neely, Wm. F. 469
Nelson, Clarence N 353
Nesche, George .547
Mahin, Mrs. Jane .380
Mahon, John 471
Manlove, W. S. 433
Manogue, Patrick. 251
Nichols, Wm H.
.621
Nicolaus, Louis
.752
Nielsen, Chris. 752
Nielsen, H. B .334
Nielsen, J. M. .724
Neubourg & Lages 358
Neumann, Geo. 319
Newman, Peter. 323
Oakley, A. D 462
Ochsner, John .572
Odell, M. F. 787
O'Meara, Michael 414
O'Neil, James. 289
Oppenheim, R. 314
McFarland, John. .586 Orton, R. H .. 561
Osbarn, David 628
()'Toole, Thos .. 627
.624
Nichols, H. L ...
506
Maringo, A. 677
Martin, E. M .267
Maslin, E. W. 778
Maxfield, Mrs. M. E .577
Mayhew, H. A. .657
Mazzini Bros. .283
McAnally, Thomas 760
McCleery, James 497
McConnell, Thaddeus C. 684
McConnell, Thos .685
McClatchy, James, and Sons. 84-9
McCraken, W. F. 659
McCreary, W. P .745
McCue Bros. .660
McDonell, G. A. 499
McFarland, Thaddeus J
9
McGuire, James B 501
Kerr, Geo. H. 512
Kerr, J. H ... 517
Kerth, Wendall. 409
Kestler, Martin 336
Kewen. Perrie .369
Kilgore, J. W. 518
Kinross, W. H. 778
Klebitz, Edward .779
Klenk, C. 750
Knauer, F. C. .738
Kreeger, S. .378
Krull, A. A. 411
Kunz, Frank. 394
Kunz, Peter 333
Hayton, George .. .791
Healey, Edward .592
Heard, John. 660
Lauppe, Roudalph .. 667
Lawson, Powell S. .562
Lawton, John. 395
Henry, W. A.
.341
Leimbach, H .472
Lemay, Victor .296
Lewis, L. L. 256
Light, W. W. 271
Lincoln, L. M
441
Lindley. T. M
.706
Little, George ..
390
Littlefield, Thomas. .. 476
Hoover, S. M. .622 Logan, A. .677
Hopkins, E. C.
Ilornlein Bros
.343
Lowell, Amos M. 495
Luckett, E. M 412
Lufkin, D. T .671
Lufkin, H. T .678
Luther, W. II. 49%
Lyman, F. T.
.678
Nicholas, John 477
Nichols, Mrs. M.
.604
40 L
Kellogg, C. 281
Mckinstry, J. K. .381
vii
CONTENTS.
. Overmeyer, J. M. 283
Owen, Eben .541
Painter, Levi. .279
Parker, Wm. F. .525
Parvin, E. R .. 456
Patterson, A. D. .436
Pendery, B. F. .406
Perkins, T. C. .438
Peters, George. .627
Peterson, W. F 751
Petrie, W. M. 253
Pettit, R. H. 737
Phelps, F. F. .378
Pierson, J. C. .358
Scroggs, A.
763
Tryon, A. G 264
Tryon, Jobn. 452
Tryon, Sylvester.
263
Upson, Lauren .304
Upson, L. A. .305
Uren, Stephen .307
Van Fleet, W. C .. 450
Van Loben Sels, P. J. .226
Van Maren, N. 601
Van Vorhies, A. A. 767
Vogel, Charles. .
739
Von Herrlich, John F.
545
Von Tillow, Alma
418
Randolph, Alfred
.631
Rave, C. H. .630
Ray, Don. .221
Ray, Ephraim . 632
Raymond, A. F. .536
Slawson, S. S
.599
Reese, David
587
Slawson, W. H.
.600
Reese, U. M. 442
Reid, James
649
Restaurant de France
772
Rbeil, Philip G
572
Rhoads, A. J.
285
Rhoads, J. P 641
Rich, George T.
.439
Richards, Jobn 608
Richmond, J. W. .528
Smith, A. P and Sidney. .473
Smith, S. Prentis. . 601
Spooner, Alfred. .280
Robinson, W. H 444 Sprague, Moses .553
Rodegerdts, August. 754
Roden, Daniel. 64g
Rohr, John. 531
Rooney, Jobn 645
Ross, Andrew
.584
Ross, Mrs. Frances M. 475
Ross, H. C ..
722
Routier, Joseph 705
Roth, Simon 342
Stewart, Norman I.
458
Ruedy, John 747
Ruhstaller, F 324
Ruman, C. A. 525
Runyon, O. R. .636
Runyon, Solomon .437
Russell, F. H .635
Russell, Peyton .521
Russell, R. B. 289
Rutter, James.
.443
Ryan, Frank D 321
Ryan, John 783
Sacramento Home School. .475
278
Tash, Joe. 287
Taverner, George. .621
Taverner, Thos. M. .620
Taylor, D. W .608
Taylor, Ed. F. .598
Taylor, J. B 449
Terry, W. E. 345
Thisby, George 480
Thompson, T. J. 612
Tietjens, Peter 529
Tomlinson, Joseph. .597
Tomlinson, Lewis 597
Tooker, R. W 763
Towle, Cyrus. 479
Townsend, E. B. .388
Trainor, H. C. 482
Trask, C. F. .530
Traver, Charles. 720
.481
Triechler, Henry
.453
Pike, M. C .. 640
Senatz, A. J .
351
Planalp, Peter .637
Plummer, Oliver 435
Pollock, Mrs. Priscilla 277
Pond, J. H 785
Popert, James
329
Presbury, E. H.
.296
Prouty, Simon
220
Shields, John. 281
Shirley, J. H .. 405
Putnam, Geo. A
780
Putney, H. S. 379
Pyburn, George .556
Pyne, J. G
632
Silva, Joe .
591
Simmons, G. L.
.268
Simoni, August.
329
Simons, John A
531
Sims, Joseph. . .601
Skelton, John.
.349
Wackman, A. K. 593
Wahl, Christ 732
Wahl, Gustav .321
Walsh, John .. 287
Warnock, A. M. 764
Watermann, R. W 582
Watson, Henry 504
Watson, J. R. 784
Weber, F. H. L. ,594
Weil, John. 744
Weinrich, Henry. .348
Weinstock, Lubin & Co. 581
Weir, James. 417
Weisel, Chris 755
Welch, James .. .595
Welch, Benj 393
.595
Welty, James B.
Werner, Fred. .340
295
White, G. A. 450
White, Wm. W.
730
Wickstrom, Chas. A. .464
Wilcox, Nelson
.590
Wild, John . 591
Wilke, Charles. 725
Williams, E. H. 293
Williams, John B. 459
Williamson, Geo. S 508
Willis, E. B. 84
Wilson, George. .505
506
Wise, M. L.
359
Wolf, Philip. 792
Woodard, Abram 591
Woodson, Joseph A .. 83
Sawyer, J. H 382
Schaden, Arend .355
Schaden, J. C .. 741
Schadt, N.
355
Schaper, Mrs. C. H. 414
Scheld, Phillip .350
Schell, John 454
Schindler, C. 740
Schmitt, Charles 94
Schmitt, Jacob .315
Schneider, Josef 777
Schreiner, Charles 610
Schroth, George 568
Schuch, Adolph 535
Schuler, Frank D. 593
Schultz, Jacob .. 534
Schulze, William J 451
Schwartz, Charles 319
Scott, R. T. 282
Scott, William A. .611
Sermonet, George
Shaver, Nelson 397
Shaw, Ira G. .407
Sheldon, J. D. 588
Sheldon, W. C. .588
Sherwood, J. O. 398
Pugh, S. H. 661
Siebenthaler, P. 747
Siller, J. L. & L. G .. 787
Silveisa, Manuel F 593
Slayback, C. M. .388
Small, H. J. 460
Smith, Brainard F. .385
Smith, Edwin F
.611
Smith, George. 731
Smith, Halsey G 402
Smith, L. E. 782
Smith, M. L .. 397
Stafford, James 788
Starr, Henry . 368
Steffens Joseph 446
Steinauer, Ben .330
Stephens, R. D. 557
Stevens, Mrs. A. J. 797
Stevenson, A. .448
Stewart, J. H. .459
Still, J. F. .606
Stoddard, George A. .551
Stoll, John T .603
Strong, W. R
.564
Stuart, A. W ..
762
Studarus, John B .445
Sturges, J. H. .539
Sullivan, J. H. .554
Suter, C .. .311
Swanson, E. J. 411
Sweetser, A. C. .566
Withington, R. H.
Wise, Joseph .555
Woodward, E. F 507
Wright, Willis.
380
Wriston, S. E.
377
Taylor, Leroy S. 260 Young,.J. D. 295
Wells, Eli.
507
West, C. M.
Ritter, William. 585
Robinson, James 648
Wachhorst, H. .775
Wachtel, V. 395
Treat, Sullivan
.303
Sanders, Oliver
viii
CONTENTS.
Zeh, Chris. M ... 803
Zimmerman, Christian. 804
Zimmerman, Chas .. .804
Zimmerman, Chas. W. .802
Zoller, Leopold. .803
PORTRAITS.
Catlin, A. P. .249
Clark, Howell. .272
Clark, Mrs. Howell. 273
Foster, Albert.
465
Von Herrlich, J. F. 545
Welr, James. .417
776 Welch, Benj . .393
Hollister, Dwight .489
Hunt, D. R ... .591
Johnson. G. A. .297
Kewen, E. J. C. .369
La Rue, H. M
.577
Lincoln, L. M. 441
Mayhew, H. A. . .656
Mayhew, Mrs. H. A .657
E. B. Crocker Art Gallery 146
Cathedral of the Holy Sacrament .. 169 Capitol .. .204
Residence of Howell Clark ... ... 274
1
Sutter's Fort. .
6
Marguerite Home .. 134
State Printing Office 134
Routier, Joseph. 705
Terry. W. E. .345
Gett, W. A. Jr. .609
Hancock, G. W.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Mount Shasta
€
MOUNT SHASTA, (As seen from the Dome of the Capitol. )
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL, CLIMATE, ETC.
CHAPTER I.
ACRAMENTO COUNTY is named after the river upon which it is sitnated, and the latter was named by the Spanish Mexicans, Catholics, in honor of a Christian insti- tution. The word differs from its English cor- respondent only in the addition of one letter. It would have been a graceful compliment to General Sutter if his own name, or the name New Helvetia, which he had bestowed upon this locality, had been given to the city. Hel- vetia is the classic name of Switzerland, Snt- ter's native country.
Sacramento City is 38° 35' north latitude and 121° 30' west longitude from Greenwich.
The depot at Sacramento is thirty-one feet above sea level. From the city the mnost promi- nent mountains and mountain ranges visible are:
1. The Sierra Nevada, snow-capped during half the year or a little more. The most visi- ble portion of this range, to wbose snow-line the distance is about seventy-five miles, east- ward, is the head of the American River. The most conspicuous peaks there are: Pyramid, 10,052 feet high; Alpine, 10,426; Round Top; 9,624; Tell, 9,042; Ralston, 9,140; Robb's, 6,746.
2. To the southwest fifty-three miles, rises Mt. Diablo, 3,856 feet high.
3. Toward the west thirty or forty miles arises an eastern spur of the Coast Range, while toward the northwest about ninety miles, in the same range, are Mt. John's, 8,000 feet high, Mt. Snow and Sheet Iron Mount, on the west- ern border of Colusa County.
4. The Marysville Buttes, forty to fifty miles north, are about 2,000 feet high and cover an area of fifty-five square miles.
THE SURFACE
of the Sacramento Valley presents three dis- tinct features. As the mountains descend into the valley, they are fringed by a range of low foot-hills, which gradually disappear in a broad, level plain, which must have been at some time long past the bottom of a large body of water. Through the center of this plain runs the Sacra- mento River, fringed by the low bottom lands always found with such geological formations. Thus the foot-hills, the plain, and the bottoms present three distinct tracts of land, each with peculiarities fitting it for special use. It may be said in a general way, that on the foot-hills and the plain lands near them are the great fruit-raising districts, while the plain proper is most suitable for grains and grasses, and on the
1
2
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
rich alluvial bottom lands any fruit or vegetable suitable for a temperate or semi-tropical climate will grow to full perfection.
At the southern end of Sacramento Valley, in the very richest portion of the State, and very near its geographical center, lies Sacramento County, with an area of 640,000 acres, 200,000 of which are under the highest cultivation, while about 320,000 more are in use for stock- raising, pasturage, etc. It is watered its entire length from north to south by the Sacramento River, and by the American, Cosumnes and Mokelumne from east to west.
The surface of the county is generally level, a section along the eastern side rising into low hills and rolling prairies. Along the east side of the Sacramento River extends a belt of tule land, which toward the southern boundary of the county expands to a width of fifteen miles. Parallel with the Cosumnes is Dry Creek, forin- ing part of the county boundary. Sycamore and cottonwood abound along the water-courses.
Near the center of Sacramento County, and on the east bank of the Sacramento River, at the point of its confluence with the American, is the city of Sacramento, the capital of the State, a thriving, wealthy and beautiful city. Here is the railroad center of the State. To the east, the Central Pacific stretches its iron arm across the continent. To the north, the California and Oregon reaches out to connect with the Northern Pacific, and so furnish another route to Eastern markets; to the west the California Pacific makes possible almost hourly communication with San Francisco and the commerce of the Pacific Ocean, while the Western Pacific connecting at Oakland with the Southern Pacific system opens up another route to seaports east and west. In addition numer- ous branch roads and feeders make this city the best connecting and distributing point in the State.
WATER.
The average rain-fall has been 19.4 inches. This, with the moisture incident to the prox-
imity of so many rivers and running streams, and the almost annual overflow of the bottom lands, renders the county so well watered that but little irrigation is necessary. Still there are some small sections lying comparatively high, and away from the streams, where the natural water supply is insufficient. They are, however, small, and in nearly all cases abundant water is obtained by sinking wells and raising the water by windmills or other power. A total failure of crops for want of water has never been known. Still, as an abundant supply of water renders many things possible which are not so without it, a company has been formed to offer an abun- dant supply of water to all who desire to irri- gate any of the plain lands, in raising crops that need more water than the usual rain-fall affords, or where the availability of water may insure against the danger of injury to valuable plants, which might be seriously affected by even an occasional year of unusual drought. An application has been made for 2,000 inches of water from the American River.
All fruits do well without the aid of artificial watering, but in some of the high lying irriga- tion is said to increase the lusciousness of the fruit. Vegetables require irrigation, especially for the second and third crops.
SOIL.
As stated, the soil of the county offers every variety requisite for a large and varied produc- tion. The foot-hills and their washings form a fringe, from five to eight miles wide, entirely around the Sacramento Valley. The soil here varies from a red, sandy loam to a cool, gravelly soil, all especially adapted to fruits. For many years the foot-hill lands were regarded as almost valueless, but experience has shown that their soil is perhaps better adapted to a full develop- ment of the best qualities of strength and flavor in fruit, especially in grapes, than the lower ly- ing lands, which are of more clay or alluvial character, and so wariner soils. And it is now claimed that the question of securing fine flavor
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