USA > California > Sacramento County > An illustrated history of Sacramento County, California : containing a history of Sacramento County from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future portraits of some of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also prominent citizens of today > Part 16
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a school-building was erected at Thirteenth and G streets, at a cost of about $3,800. It was named the Washington School-house. On May 9 Bidleman, the secretary of the board, was re- moved, and Monell elected to the office.
October 3, 1859, a new board organized com- prised of Cyril Hawkins, H. J. Bidleman, J. M. Frey, G. L. Simmons, J. J. Murphey, G. I. N. Monell, D. J. Thomas and Henry McCreary. They elected Dr. Frey, President, and Monell, Secretary. An attempt was made to establish a Normal School, to be taught two nights in the week, but the plan was not carried out. At the close of the year there were ten schools in the city, one High School, four grammar and the rest intermediate and primary. There were 1,031 scholars enrolled, with an average attend- ance of 790. Fifteen teachers were employed. The board adopted the monitorial system, which they thought increased the teaching force with- ont additional expense.
December 3, 1860, the new board consisted of G. Taylor, J. F. Crawford, Henry Miller, J. M. Frey, J. M. Milliken, A. C. Sweetser, S. M. Mouser and J. Bithell. Miller was chosen President, and Sweetser, Secretary. This board discharged all the teachers and monitors, graded the schools, fixed the salaries of the teachers, decided that male teachers should be employed as principals of the High School and of the first grade of the grammar school. J. W. Anderson was elected principal of the Franklin Grammar School, and Miss Doyle was appointed his assist- ant. June 7, 1861, Anderson was elected prin- cipal of the High School.
Jannary 6, 1862, the board comprised J. F. Dreman, D. J. Thomas, W. Bidwell, HI. Miller, W. II. Hill, J. M. Milliken, S. M. Mouser and Edward Collins. Hill was elected presi- dent. G. Taylor, the city superintendent of schools, acted as secretary. When this board assumed control they found the school-honses considerably damaged by the flood, but they were put in order in a short time and the schools commenced. The question of maintain- ing a colored school came up at various times
102
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
before the different boards, and it seemed that for many years this school was not regarded in the same light as the schools for the white chil- dren. Part of the time no support whatever was given to the education of colored children. But in March, 1862, Mrs. Folger was elected teacher of the colored school, and the board voted to pay her salary whenever the building and furniture should be furnished by the parents interested. March 3 the schools were opened for the first time after the flood.
Monser resigned as a member of the board July 28, and J. T. Peck was elected to fill the vacancy.
The school-honse at Tenth and P streets was erected in the latter part of 1862, at a cost of abont $2,500.
A Board of Education, consisting of Edwin Collins, John J. Dreman, W. A. Hill, H. H. Hartley, Paul Morrill, D. J. Thomas, W. Bid- well and H. J. Bidleman, organized and elected Hill President in January, 1863. At the close of this year there were 1,093 names on the roll as pupils-thirty-two in the colored school. In the spring of this year a building for the colored school was erected at Fifth and O streets, but it was set on fire by an incendiary, and consnmed with all its contents. During this year eleven schools were under the charge of the board. Total disbursements, $24,483.57.
On January 4, 1864, the board was composed of W. Bidwell, M. C. Briggs, J. II. Carroll, J. F. Crawford, Ilenry II. Hartley, Paul Morrill, O. D. Lambard and Il. J. Bidleman. Briggs was president. At the close of this year there were thirteen public schools in the city.
1865 .- The board comprised M. C. Briggs, W. E. Chamberlain, O. D. Lambard, Eugene Soułe, J. W. Avery, J. II. Carroll, J. F. Craw- ford and Paul Morrill; Briggs, President. The Union school-house at Seventh and G streets was completed January 27. At the annual election of teachers, April 27, J. L. Fogg was elected principal of the grammar school. De- cember 25, W. H. IIill, who had been chosen city superintendent, submitted his annual re- port, showing the statistics in detail.
1866 .- The board was composed of J. W. Avery, W. E. Chamberlain, Paschal Coggins, John F. Dreman, G. R. Moore, O. D. Lambard, Paul Morrill and Engene Sonle; Chamberlain, President. At the end of this year there were found to be 1.524 children enrolled. Expenses, $32,136.43.
1867 .- Same board as previous year; Mor- rill, President. The annual report shows the nsual rate of increase, the usual branches pur- sned, etc. The proportion of native children becomes conspicuons, being 1,227 born in Cali- fornia to 457 elsewhere. In the early part of this year the Lincoln School Building, at Second and I' streets, was erected at a cost of $8,049. In March $200 was set apart from the State apportionment for the purchase of a school library, as required by law. With this money about 250 volumes were purchased. Since then large additions have been made. Early in 1867 Lambard resigned as a member of the board, and John F. Crawford was elected to fill the vacancy. Soule resigned in April, and David S. Ross was elected to fill his place.
1868 .- The board consisted of Henry Miller, President; J. F. Crawford, Paschal Coggins, Joseph Davis, J. W. Avery, D. S. Ross, F. A. Gibbs and Horace Adams.
1869 .- The board consisted of Henry Miller, President; J. F. Crawford, J. W. Avery, B. B. Redding, David S. Ross, F. A. Gibbs, W. L. Campbell and Henry McCreary. School attend- ance increased from sixty-six to seventy-two per cent. A wooden addition was built to the school- house at Thirteenth and G streets, but both it and the main building were burned by an in- cendiary within a fortnight afterward. On the same site the present Washington School-honse, two-story brick, was erected the same year; cost, $13,720. Also a frame addition was made to the Franklin School-house, at an expense of $278. In November a petition signed by over 400 citizens was presented to the board, asking that German be added to the list of studies. During the month of January following Arnold Dulon was elected a teacher of German, and on
103
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
the first day over 200 pupils began the study of that language.
1870 .- The board consisted of Henry Miller, President; John F. Dreinan, J. W. Avery, David S. Ross, F. A. Gibbs, Daniel Brown, Dr. J. F. Montgomery and B. B. Redding. In May two new departments were added to the grammar school. Early in the summer a contract was made for the erection of a two-story brick school- house on the corner of Sixteenth and N streets, at a cost of $9,000; but within a day or two after the completion of the building it was set on fire by an incendiary and destroyed; loss, $8,000. Immediately a second building, on the same plan, was erected.
1871 .- The board was composed of Dr. J. F. Montgomery, President; W. C. Stratton, J. W. Avery, E. T. Taylor, D. S. Ross, Henry Miller, Daniel Brown and Henry C. Kirk. These had the oversight of twenty schools.
1872 .- The board was composed of Henry Miller, President; Henry C. Kirk, W. C. Strat- ton, E. T. Taylor, E. I. Robinson, John F. Dre- man, C. H. Cummings and H. K. Snow. In April Judge E. B. Crocker effected a trade with the city for the land on which a school-house was located at Second and P streets, and a build- ing was removed to Fourth and Q streets. In May and June the board made strong efforts to obtain possession of the public square between I and J and Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, and finally the city donated it to them, and on this they erected thie present cominodions brick Sacramento Grammar School-house. Stratton resigned and George Rowland was elected to fill the vacancy. Underwood resigned as prin- cipal of the grammar school, and A. II. Mc- Donald, the old teacher, was elected to the posi- tion. During this year also the night-school system was established.
Since 1872 the boards have been constituted as follows:
1873 .- C. H. Cummings, John F. Dreman, H. C. Kirk, Henry Miller, E. I. Robinson, II. K. Snow, George Rowland, E. T. Taylor.
1874 .- John F. Dreman, George Rowland,
George S. Wait, W. F. Knox, J. I. Felter, C. H. Cummings, Felix Tracy, D. W. Welty.
1875 .- John F. Dreman, W. F. Knox, George S. Wait, C. HI. Cummings, J. F. Montgomery, Albert Ilart, T. M. Lindley, Felix Traey.
1876 .- John F. Dreman, J. F. Montgomery, Albert Ilart, T. M. Lindley, T. B. McFarland, Felix Tracy, J. F. Richardson, A. T. Nelson.
1877 .- John F. Dreman, H. HI. Linnell, John Stevens, J. I. Felter, T. B. MeFarland, J. N. Young, J. F. Richardson, A. T. Nelson. Nel- son died during the year, and Matthew Cooke was elected to fill the vacancy.
1878. II. H. Linnell, J. N. Young, J. F. Dreman, E. Greer, John Stevens, Matt. F. John- son, T. B. McFarland, J. I. Felter, President.
1879. - Matt. F. Johnson, S. W. Butler, E. Greer, J. F. Dreman, John T. Griffitts, F. A. Hornblower, James McClatchy, T. B. McFar- land, President.
1880 .- John T. Griffitts, F. A. Hornblower, W. D. Stalker, James McClatchy, S. W. Butler, K. F. Wiemeyer, J. D. Lord, W. R. Knights. Knights resigned and Felix Tracy was appointed to succeed him.
1881 .- K. F. Wiemeyer, W. D. Stalker, J. D. Lord, L. K. Hammer, S. W. Butler, Felix Tracy, Philip Herzog, W. S. Mesick. The last named resigned during the year, and C. H. Stevens was elected to succeed him.
1882 .- John F. Slater, Philip Herzog, C. H. Stevens, W. D. Stalker, S. W. Butler, Felix Tracy, Matthew Cooke, L. K. Ilammer. G. W. Hancock was appointed to succeed Hammer, resigned.
1883 .- John F. Slater, C. II. Stevens, Mat- thew C. Cooke, W. D. Stalker, O. P. Goodline, Felix Tracy, George Hancock, S. W. Butler. Goodhue died and Elwood Bruner was elected as his successor.
1884 .- John F. Slater, C. II. Stevens, Matthew C. Cooke, J. L. Chadderdon, Richmond Davis, D. Johnson, Elwood Bruner, Frank Avery.
1885. W. M. Petrie, John F. Slater, A. Conklin, J. L. Chadderdon, Richmond Davis, Frank Avery, C. H. Stevens, E. K. Alsip.
104
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
1886 .- A. Conklin, C. H. Stevens, J. W. Todd, W. M. Petrie, Richmond Davis, O. W. Erlewine, John F. Slater, E. K. Alsip. Stevens resigned and B. F. Howard was appointed to succeed him.
1887 .- A. Conklin, W. M. Petrie, J. W. Todd, Richmond Davis, John F. Slater, A. S. Hopkins, H. C. Chipman, O. W. Erlewine.
1888 .- Richunond Davis, W. M. Petrie, E. M. Martin, A. Conklin, J. W. Todd, A. S. Hop- kins, H. C. Chipman, John Skelton.
1889 .- E. M. Martin, A. J. Senatz, J. W. Todd, Joseph Hopley, R. Davis, A. C. Tufts, H. C. Chipman, John Skelton.
A list of the superintendents of city schools appears in the chapter on Municipal Govern- ment.
THE HIGH SCHOOL.
The inception of the first High School in Sacramento appears by the record to have been May 22, 1855, when Dr. Hatch proposed the studies of Willson's History, Astronomy, Book- keeping, Latin, French and Spanish. An order to add these studies to the course was then adopted, but was not executed until next year, when the classes pursning these studies were taught in the school-house on M street, between Eighth and Ninth, by J. M. Howe. During the first year eighteen girls and twenty-one boys attended. The average attendance was remark- ably high, being 36.8 of the 39.
May 8, 1857, Howe was succeeded by C. A. Hill, as the former declined to be examined in Greek. In August, 1857, Hill resigned and A. R. Jackson was chosen to succeed him. Early in 1858 the school was removed to Fifth and K streets, and J. P. Carleton elected teacher of French and Spanish.
May 20, 1858, Charles A. Swift was elected principal, and his salary was fixed at $200 a ino: th. Professor Lefebre was employed to teach French and Spanish, in place of Carleton.
As soon as the Franklin School Building was completed, the IIigh School was moved into it. In June, 1859, Professor Lefebre left the State, and Professor Jofre was employed to succeed
him. In November, 1859, the board added the natural sciences to the curriculum, electing A. R. Jackson the teacher. In October, 1860, Swift showed evidences of insanity, and his office was declared vacant, and Jackson was ap- pointed to succeed him. In April, 1861, Jack- son refused to serve as principal any longer, because of insufficient salary, and J. W. Ander- son was appointed in his stead. September 18, 1862, the latter was succeeded by R. K. Marri- ner, who resigned March 27, 1865, and was succeeded by J. L. Fogg. April 29 the same spring, Milo L. Templeton was elected princi- pal. July 25, 1865, the school was removed to Seventh and G streets. In November, Alex- ander Goddard was appointed teacher of French. In April, 1871, Jourdon W. Roper was ap- pointed principal. In January, 1872, he re- signed, and II. H. Howe was elected to fill his place. In August, 1872, Max Straube was elected teacher of German, in place of Dulon. Early this year, Edward P. Howe was appointed to take the place of his brother as principal. His successors to date have been Oliver M. Adams, who resigned in June, 1884; W. W. Anderson, from that date to the close of the school year in July, 1888, since which time James HI. Pond has been principal. The present enrollinent of pupils is 143. December, 1888, the present Iligh School Building, at the northeast corner of Ninth and M streets, was completed Septem- ber 2, 1876, and the school was opened January 1, 1877. The building is 60 x 70 feet in size, consisting of two stories and basement, and cost $10,687.
Of the Franklin Grammar School at Sixth and L streets, H. HI. Howe was the principal until January 20, 1870, when he resigned, and was succeeded by A. H. McDonald, 1870-'71; J. G. Underwood, six weeks in 1871; A. H. McDonald, 1871-'80. In 1872, while the lat- ter was principal, the Sacramento Grammar School Building, of fifteen rooms, was erected at Fifteenth and J streets, at a cost of $62,000, and the Franklin School was transferred to it in the year following. E. P. Rowell was principal
105
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
here 1880-'85; Madison Babcock, 1885 to March 1, 1888, since which time Mary J. Watson has been the principal. The enrollment of pupils in this school at present is about 650.
During 1875 the Franklin Grammar School was re-organized at Sixth and L streets, with S. H. Jackinan as principal. He was succeeded in turn by F. L. Landes, Laura H. Wells and Joseph W. Johnson. Some years ago the prop- erty was sold, and a building of ten rooms was erected, at the corner of Tenth and Q streets; but the primary pupils so increased in number that another building was needed for them, and this was devoted to their use; and for the grain- inar school another structure, of ten rooms, was erected on the same block, at the corner of Tenth and P streets, in 1885, at a cost of $15,000, where Johnson continues as principal. The present enrollment is 424. This is termed the Capital Grammar School.
At this writing the board is advertising for plans for another grammar-school building east of Twentieth street; also, for enlarging the High School Building and the school-house at Twenty-seventh and J streets.
The night school in the old Perry Seminary Building on I street, between Tenth and Elev- enth, is very successfully conducted, with about 115 pupils.
The following table gives the statistics of the present condition of the city schools:
School-houses.
16
Grammar schools.
24
Primary schools ..
56
Children of school age.
6,193
Primary grade pupils enrolled .
2,193
Grammar grade pupils enrolled
1,103
High School pupils enrolled.
175
Male teachers.
4
Female teachers. 76
Total teachers' salaries .. 65,406
Total rents, repairs and contingent expenses .. 16,516
Total valuation of school property .... 252,000
The present statistics of the public schools of Sacramento County, not including the city, are exhibited in the following table:
School-houses, including joint districts ..
69
Grammar schools
43
Primary schools ..
28
New districts organized in 1887-'88.
2
Children of school age
2,411
92
Grammar grade pupils enrolled
610
Primary grade pupils enrolled ...
1,416
Average daily attendance. 1,291
Male teachers ... 10
Female teachers.
61
Teachers' certificates granted 188 ;- '88*
37
Applicants for same rejected*
40
Total teachers' salaries.
$32,525
Total rents, repairs and contingent expenses. 3,987
Cash paid for school libraries .. 1,496
Cash paid for apparatus. 1,051
Total valuation of school property. 97,034
COUNTRY SCHOOLS.
The most important details concerning the schools in the county outside of the city appear in the following table:
DISTRICT.
COUNTIES.
Children of
School Age.
Attending
Grammar Grade.
Attending
Primary Grade.
Value of
School Property.
Arcade
Center
48
4
28
$570
American River.
Sutter
61
4
41 2,875
Alabama
Alabama
46
6
38 1,725
Alder Creek
Granite, Natoma. ..
13
2
7 850
Brighton
Brighton
51
9
30 1,850
Brannan
Georgiana.
16
18
715
Brown
Alabama
27
8
26
1,040
Buckeye
Alabama,Cos
22
5
9
770
Capital
Sutter
112
16
34 2,650
Carroll
San J., Franklin.
24
12
12 1,250
Carson Creek ....
Lee, Cos., Gran. Nat.
4
2
3 500
CarsonCreek Joint
Cos., El Dor. Co ...
13
.
10
1,250
Center.
Center
26
5
34
900
Courtland.
Franklin
28
8
20
1,320
Davis. .
Dry Creek .
33
6
18
425
Pry Creek, Joint ..
Center, Placer Co ..
21
2
16
1.175
Elder Creek
Sut. Bright, Frank.
25
6
17
775
Elk Grove
San Joaquin . . .
35
14
15
1,400
Enterprise
Brighton ..
50
1
43
530
Excelsior
Brighton, San J.
08
9
24
600
Florin .. .
Brighton, San J.
55
5
26
Franklin
Franklin, San J.
51
13
25 2,350
Freeport.
Franklin
27
11
22 1,863
Georgiana
Georgiana
39
6
18
1,250
Granite.
Granite, Natoma
172
69
58 5,550
Grant ..
Dry Creek
18
8
11 975
Hicksville
Dry Creek.
36
9
25 1,076
Highland
Lee.
15
1
24
1,305
Highland Park .. .
Sutter. Org. in 1888.
22
4
20
178
IIutson, Joint.
Alabama, San J. Co.
4
1
2
860
Isleton
Georgiana.
22
10
16 1,300
Jackson
Brighton
32
3
27 1,750
Junction.
Brighton
28
5
20 1,275
Laguna
Alabama.
25
12
13
822
Lee
Alabama, Lee
31
24
12,325
Lincoln
American, Center ..
21
4
10
1,700
Lisbon
Sutter, Franklin ...
32
2
27
550
Michigan Bar
Cosumnes.
32
13
17
1,500 630
Nye
Granite, Lee. . .
25
12
14
1,240
Naloma, Joint. .
Natoma, El Dor. Co.
32
9
17
|1,375
Mokelumne.
Franklin ..
22
3
10
35 2.810
Kinney
Bright'n, Lee, Gran.
30
1
188
16
77 3 035
Grand Island.
Georgiana
18
1
12 800
Howard
Granite, Brighton .
Galt
Dry Creek
.
* Total of city and county.
Per cent. of altendance on average number be- longing.
TOWNSHIPS AND
106
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
DISTRICT.
COUNTIES.
Children of
School Age.
Attending
Grammar Grade.
Attending
Primary Grade.
Value of
School Property.
Onisbo .
Franklin
34
3
15
2,400
Oak Grove
American, Center ...
21
7
13
650
Pacific .
Sutter, Franklin ...
36
11
22
1,400
Pleasant Grove.
San Joaquin.
48
27
22
3 200
Point Pleasant.
Franklin.
32
2
18
900
Prairie
Franklin ..
39
23
12
1,330
Reese
San Joaquin
26
5
18
825
Richland
Franklin
20
6
13
850
Rio Vista
Georgiana, Solano. Lee
34
15
11
1,325
San Joaquin
San Joaquin.
23
3
19
1,300
San Juan
Center
16
4
11
1,380
Slough
Georgiana.
26
9
12
1,000
Sutter
Sutter
98
22
35
3,550
Sylvan
Center, Miss.
40
12
36
795
Union
San Joaquin, Lee. . 13
2
10
600
DISTRICT.
COUNTIES.
Children of School Age.
Attending
Grammar Grade
Attending
Primary Grade.
Value of
School Property.
Victory
San Joaquin.
47
13
34
1,930
Walnut Grove.
Georgiana
42
16
32
1,700
Washington
Brighton.
36
18
23
900
West Union
Sutter, Franklin ..
38
10
24
1,250
White Rock.
Natoma
15
2
11
425
Wilson
Lee, Cosumnes. ...
24
8
23
700
4
5,575
Rhoads
Roberts
Mississippi.
29
5
16
The County Board of Education at present consists of the following: Term Expires.
990 J. W. Johnson, 1726 O street, Sacramento ..... July 1, 1889 J. E. Blanchard, Rocklin, Placer County. .... July 1, 1891 Miss Josie Regan, Third and M streets, Sac- ramento. .July 1, 1889 570
Mrs. Jennie Kilgore, Mansion House, Sacra- mento. .July 1, 1891
B. F. Howard, 1526 Third street, Sacramento, Superin- tendent and ex-officio Secretary.
1
KGW
TOWNSHIPS AND
TOWNSHIPS AND
Stone House
Cosumnes
107
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
-
NAVIGATION."
CHIAPTER XV.
HE natural sequence of historical matter led us on uninterruptedly to the subject of education; now we can begin again with pioneer times on another series of topics, namely, those pertaining to material develop ment.
Doubtless the first navigation on the Sacra- mento River was conducted by the Russians from Sitka Island, who were located at Ross and Bodega on the coast, and engaged in trade in furs, hides, tallow, etc. They were in this region prior to 1840, carrying on trade with the interior up to the time of their selling out to Captain Sutter; but the hostility of the Spanish Government and the expense of maintaining their position finally caused them to abandon the field. At that time also there was in this part of the country an agency for the Hudson Bay Company. In 1841 Sutter purchased the property of the Russians, including a small schooner of forty tons burden, with which they had made short voyages along the coast. The first record we have of its appearance up the Sacramento River was in August of that year, thought probably it had been upon its waters previously. This may be considered the date of the commencement of American commerce upon this stream. According to the terms of Sutter's bargain with the Russians, he was to furnish a given quantity of grain each year for their set-
tlement on the Northwest coast, and the trans- portation of this prodnet every fall t> the bay was a part of the regular trade upon which this vessel entered. She was manned and subse- quently commanded by Indians selected from Sutter's domesticated tribes, and for a long time was the only "regular packet" on the river. After performing a number of important offices during the war, she was taken down to San Francisco in the spring of 1848, to carry thither the tidings of the discovery of gold. She con- tinned to be the largest schooner on the river up to the period when the commerce with the mines began.
The Brooklyn Mormons also owned a launch called the Comet, which made three trips to the settlement on the Stanislaus, and was the pio- neer at the San Joaquin.
The voyage from San Francisco to New Hel- vetia, or Sutter's Fort, as this place was then called, and back to the city, occupied from two to four weeks.
In the spring of 1848, when the rush for gold set in, the San Francisco Star (of May 20) thus ironically alludes to the first embarkations: " Fleet of launches left this place on Sunday and Monday last, bound ' up the Sacramento River,' closely stowed with human beings led by the love of filthy lucre to the perennial-yielding gold mines of the north, where 'a man can find
108
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
upward of two ounces a day,' and ' two thousand men can find their hands full'-of hard work." May 27 the same editor said: "Launches have plied without cessation between this place and New Helvetia during this time (since the dis- covery of gold). The Sacramento, a first-class craft, left here on Thursday last, thronged with passengers for the gold mines-a motley assem- blage, composed of lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, cartmen and cooks, all possessed with the desire of suddenly becoming rich." He also stated that at that time over 300 men were engaged in washing gold, and parties were con- tinually arriving from every part of the country. San Francisco was soon made to present a deso- late appearance on account of the sudden de- parture of her principal citizens for the gold field. During the first eight weeks a quarter of a million dollars' worth of gold was taken to that city, and during the second eight weeks $600,000 worth. By this time (September) the number of persons in the diggings was esti- mated at 6,000. "An export at last!" was the exclamation of the San Franciscan editor; "and it is gold."
The first vessel whose tonnage exceeded that of the "launches " was the schooner Providence, Hinckley, Master, which ascended the Sacra- mento in April, 1849. For several years pre- vious she had been engaged between Tahiti and the Sandwich Islands. Her burden was less than 100 pounds. In March that year Samnel Brannan purchased the Eliodora, a Chilian ves- sel, filled it with goods and started up the river in April. The Joven Guipuzcoana, a Peruvian vessel, and other large sailing vessels of first- class dimensions, soon followed. At the date of their arrival abont twelve stores and tenements graced this locality. Meanwhile several vessels of considerable size also ascended the San Joa- quin to Stockton.
On the success of the Joven Guipuzcoana were founded the plans of the first steam navi- gation companies. Iler trip to this point dem- onstrated the practicability of navigation by such large vessels as the McKim and the Sena-
tor, which soon followed. In the month of May the crowning exploit in the history of sailing vessels was performed. This was the trip of the Bark Whiton, Gelston, Master, to this place in seventy-two hours from San Francisco, and 140 days from New York. She came up with her royal yards crossed, without meeting with a single detention, though she was a vessel of 241 tons burden and drew nine and a half feet of water.
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