USA > California > Alameda County > Oakland > Bishop's Oakland directory for 1875 > Part 1
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REFERENCE DEPARTMENT
R
ANCI
EST
F
S
N
MORSA
ITERIS
IS
BOOK NO.
ACCESSION
917.94 0121 3
563922
NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY
FORM 3427-5000-8-46
SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1223 04590 0934
MAY 22 1947
Laird, S. F. Jewelry Manuf'y
FINE WATCHES, ) 613 Montgomery St. WELRY, ETC. S San Francisco.
FIREMAN'S FUND
Insurance Company.
ASSETS, JANUARY Ist, 1875, - - $675,000.00 FIRE AND MARINE RISKS TAKEN. Office, S. W. Cor. California and Sansom Sts., San Francisco, Cal. D. J. STAPLES, President. ALPHEUS BULL, Vice-President. GEORGE D. DORNIN. Secretary.
FRED. O. FULLER, Agent, Oakland.
GEO. C. SHREVE & CO.
DEALERS IN
Watches, Diamonds,
JEWELRY AND 'SILVERWARE,
110 Montgomery Street, SAN FRANCISCO.
RELIABLE, CONSERVATIVE, PROMPT
ALAMEDA CO. BRANCH
HOME MUTUAL
INSURANCE CO. OF CALIFORNIA.
COR. NINTH AND BROADWAY, OAKLAND.
CAPITAL, CASH ASSETS, INCOME, 1874,
$300,000.00 571,229 04 412,182.07
NO DEVOTED TO FIRE INSURANCE EXCLUSIVELY. Tu
PREMIUMS DEPOSITED AND INVESTED IN ALAMEDA COUNTY.
TRUSTEES.A
J. A. LEDDEN, A. C. HENRY, JOS. BECHT, R. S. FARRELLY, WM. B. HARDY, CHAUNCY TAYLOR, JOS. B. MARLIN.
H. A. CRAIG, Secretary. R. H. MAGILL, Manager.
S. O. HOLLAND, City Agent.
W. W. HASKELL, Traveling Agent.
THOMAS DAY,
Iron Pipe and Plumbers' Ware,
Gas Fixtures, Mantel Clocks, Fine French Bronzes, ( 122 & 124 SUTTER ST.
San Francisco.
MAS DAY
Cas Fixtures, Mantel Clocks 2
122 & 124 SUTTER ST.,
ii
OAKLAND DIRECTORY.
HOUSEWORTH
Photographic Par
Portrait and Lands
UNEXCELLED FOR ARTISTIC EXECUTIO
No. 12 MONTGOMERY ST
OPPOSITE LICK HOUSE.
GEO. C. SHREVE & (
IMPORTERS OF
WATCHES, DIAMO
Jewelry and Silverw
No. 110 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO.
3 1223 04590 0934
CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
ACADEMIES.
PAGE
Golden Gate (Oakland). .... 81
Pacific Theological Seminary
(Oakland). vi
AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS.
Scoville Ives & Co. (Oakland) 340
APOTHECARIES.
Bowman Henry (Oakland). . 226 Remillard & Bros. (Oakland) xi Steele J. G. & Co. (S. F.) ... 396
ARCHITECTS.
Bugbee & Son (S. F.) .. ... xi
Newsom Bros. (S. F.) .. .... xiii Stokes William (Oakland). . 356
BANKS-SAVINGS.
Bank of Savings (Oakland) .. 328 German Savings and Loan Society (S. F.). . ix Hibernia Savings and Loan Society (S. F.) .. ix Masonic Savings and Loan (S. F.) vi Savings Union (S. F.) ...... viii Union National Gold Bank (Oakland). .. 374 Union Savings (Oakland) ... 374
BASKET MAKER.
Schneider A. James (Oak- land). .322
BILLIARD SALOON.
Fennessy J. (Oakland) ...... 168
BLACKSMITHS.
King & Williams (Oakland) .. 306 Scoville Ives& Co.(Oakland) 340 Sohst Bros. (Oakland) ... . . 340 Weeks Henry (Oakland) .... 362
BOOK BINDERS.
Hicks D. & Co. (S. F.) .. ... Strickland & Co. (Oakland). line x register of names 9-479
BOOKSELLERS.
Auld & Barfred (Oakland) .. 84 Hardy W. B. (Oakland) ..... 200 Keller H. & Co. (Oakland). . x
BOOTS AND SHOES.
Senram F. & Co. (Oakland) back cover
Stuart D. (Oakland). .
...
.. 356
BRICK MAKERS.
CARPET BEATER.
Brannan Daniel (Oakland) .. xii Robinson A. (Oakland) ..... 322 Padey Martin (S. F.). ... .. xvi
CARPETS.
Taylor Chas L. (Oakland). .. 362
CARRIAGE MAKERS.
Allen M. W. (Oakland) ..... 84 King & Williams (Oakland) .. 306 Smith J. N. O. (Oakland) ... xiii Sohst Bros. (Oakland) ...... 340 Weeks Henry (Oakland) .... 362
CEMENT PIPE.
Padey Martin (S. F.).
.... xvi
CHIMNEY STACKS.
Browell J. (S. F.).
481
CLOAKS AND FURS.
Slate W. (Oakland).
.362
CLOTHING.
Sherman Wm. & Co. (S. F.) register of names 344 and 345
COFFEE AND SPICES.
Ghirardelli & Petar (Oak- land 256
COLLEGES.
Heald's Business (S. F.) .... register of names 209
CONTRACTORS.
Remillard & Bros. (Oakland) xi
CORDAGE.
Pacific Cordage Co. (S. F.) ..
DIAMOND SETTERS. PAGE Braverman & Levy (S. F.) .. front cover Shreve G. C. & Co. (S. F.) .. ii front and back covers
DOORS, SASH, ETC.
Barnes & Taylor (Oakland) .. 84 Blethen & Terry (Oakland) .. 236 Burnham, Standeford & Co. (Oakland). . .. . back cover
DRAIN PIPE.
DRUGGISTS.
Bowman Henry (Oakland) .. 226 Steele J. G. & Co. (S. F.) .... 396 DYER.
Patzer L. (Oakland).
..... 256
EXPRESSES.
People's (Oakland and S. F.).483 Wells, Fargo & Co. (S. F.) .. iv
FLOUR DEALERS.
Babcock & Gould (Oakland) 84 Hunt & Wharton (Oakland) 236 Landon & Co. (Oakland). line reg. of names, pages 9-479 Samm Jacob (Oakland). .... 334 Sarpy & Barstow (Oakland). 322
FURNITURE DEALERS.
Sternitzky & Neumann (Oak- land). .. 356
GAS COMPANY.
Oakland Gas Light Co. (Oak- land). .274
GAS FIXTURES.
Dalziel Robert (Oakland). .. 246 Day T. (S. F.) ...... front cover
GLOVE MANUFACTORY. Spaulding & Robbins (Oak- land). xi
GROCERIES.
v Raffo Bros. (Oakland).
.316
PAGE
Moore A. P. (Oakland). .... 274 Moore H. H. & Co. (S. F.) .. vii Strickland & Co. (Oakland) line register of names 9-479 Laird D. W. (S. F.) .. front cover
8
OAKLAND DIRECTORY.
HAIR JEWELRY. PAGE
Buehren Augustus H. (Oak- land). 116
HARNESS AND SADDLERY. Lentell James (Oakland) .... 306
HARDWARE.
Brown G. S. & Co. (Oakland) 266
HATS AND CAPS.
Brink M. (Oakland).
.116
HAY AND GRAIN.
Hunt & Wharton (Oakland) 236 Landon & Co. (Oakland) .... line register of names 9-479 Sarpy & Barstow (Oakland) 322
HOTELS.
Eureka Hotel (Oakland) .. .. 168 Grand Central Hotel (Oak- land). iii
Piedmont White Sulphur
Springs (Oakland). ....... 256
Tubbs' Hotel (Oakland).
line register of names 9-479
ICE CREAM MANUFACT- URER.
Gordon J. S. G. (Oakland) .. line register of names 10-480
ICE DEALER.
Gordon J. S. G. (Oakland) .. line register of names 10-480
INSURANCE AGENTS.
Magill R. H. (S. F.) .. front cover Woodward E. W. (Oakland) line register of names 10-480
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. (S. F.). .. . front cover Hamburg Bremen Fire Ins. Co. (S. F.). 80
Home Ins. Co. (S. F.) ..
front cover
Swiss Lloyd Marine Ins. Co. (S. F.). 80
JEWELERS.
Braverman & Levy (S. F.) .. front cover Laird D. W. (S. F.) .. front cover Shreve George C. & Co. (S. F.) ..... ii and front and back covers LAND COMPANY.
Dam & Myers (Oakland). ... 312 Kelly & Co. (Oakland) .. line register of names 10-480 Central Land Co.(Oakland).218 Milbury S. (Oakland) ... . .. 290 Rowell William K. (Oak- land). .290
LIVERY STABLES.
Carter & Olin (Oakland) .... 312 Woodward E. W. & Co. (Oak-
LUMBER DEALERS.
Oakland Point Planing Mills (Oakland). .xii Taylor & Co. (Oakland) ..... 340|Posey T. R. & Co. (Oakland) 312 ROOF PAINT.
ROPE MANUFACTORY. PAGE
Pacific Cordage Co. (S. F.) ... v
SODA MANUFACTURER. Gordon J. S. G., Agent (Oak- land) ...... line register of names 10-480
SQUIRREL POISON.
Steele J. G. & Co. (S. F.) ..... xi and back cover
STAIR BUILDER. Blair G. M. (Oakland) ...... 226
STATIONERS.
Auld & Barfred (Oakland) .. 84 Hardy W. B. (Oakland) .... 200 Mathews H. E. & Co. (S. F.) .. 80 Moore A. P. (Oakland) ..... 274 Strickland & Co. (Oakland) .. line register of names 9-479
STENCIL CUTTER. Trueworthy F. M. (S. F.) ... 334
STOVES, ETC.
Dalziel James (Oakland) .... 246 De La Montanya M. (Oak- land). . vi
TAILORS. Francis Samuel (Oakland). . 278 Healy M. J. (Oakland) ...... 200 UNDERTAKERS. Beaudry & McAvoy (Oakl'd).100
WATCHMAKERS AND JEW- ELERS.
Braverman & Levy (S. F.) .. front cover Buehren Augustus H. (Oak- land) .. . . . . 116 Laird D. W. (S. F.) .. front cover Shreve Geo C. & Co. (S. F.) .. ii front and back covers Wilson W. (Oakland) back cover
WATER PIPE.
Brannan Daniel (Oakland) .. xii Browell J. (S. F.) .. . . . . 481 North Beach Drain and Water Pipe Co. (S.F.).reg.names,xvi
WIND MILLS.
Southwick A. H. (Oakland) .. 298 and 350 Tustin W. I. (S. F.) .. xiv and xv WINES AND LIQUORS. Bocqueraz P. (Oakland). ... 226 Fennessy J. (Oakland). ..... 168 Gaudin J. (Oakland) ........ 168 Ghirardelli & Petar (Oak- land) .. ... 256 Kihlmeyer Louis (Oakland). 306 Raffo Bros. (Oakland). . .. .. 316
WOOD AND COAL.
Chappellet & Miner (Oak- land). .218 Duffy & O'Neil (Oakland). .. 100 Purrington & Ough (Oak- land) 316
MACHINISTS. PAGE Scoville Ives & Co. (Oak- land) .. 340
NEWSPAPERS.
Alameda Encinal (Alameda) 456
News (Oakland). .
88
Transcript (Oakland).
.106
NOTARY PUBLIC.
Smith G. E. (Oakland) ...... 266
OPTICIANS.
Houseworth Thomas & Co. (S. F.) ...... ii and back cover Wilson W. (Oakland) back cover
PAINTER.
How J. E. (Oakland). 236
PATENT SOLICITOR.
Redstone J. H. (Oakland) ... 322
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Houseworth Thomas & Co. (S. F.) ..... ii and back cover Ingersoll W. B. (Oakland). . 278
PIANOS, ETC.
Strickland & Co. (Oakland) line register of names, 9-479
PICTURE FRAMES.
Lutz & Berg (Oakland) ..... xiii
PLANING MILLS.
Blethen & Terry (Oakland) .. 236 Burnham, Standeford & Co. (Oakland). ..... back cover Oakland Point Planing Mills (Oakland). xii
PLUMBERS AND GASFIT- TERS.
Day T. (S. F.) ...... front cover Kirk O. C. (Oakland). . . . . .. 306 McGivney James (Oakland). 274
POTTERY.
Brannan Daniel (Oakland) .. xii Browell J. (S. F.). .481
PRINTERS.
Francis & Valentine (S. F.) .. 482
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Smith G. E. (Oakland) ...... 266
land . line register of names, 10-480
O. F. S .- Hominy and cracked wheat, 416 Ninth St. nr Bdwy-O. F. S.
GENERAL REVIEW
SEPTEMBER, 1875.
PROGRESS OF THE CITY.
The City of Oakland was incor- THE porated by an Act of the Legisla- ture, passed March 25, 1854. For two years previous to that date the place had been under a town gov- ernment, which had conveyed to an old resident the entire water front, in consideration of the building of a wharf and a school house. The extensive flats making out from the western side of the city prevented the building of a city here in 1849, for it was better to locate where deep water came close to the shore. There was no time to build long piers or to re- move obstacles to navigation. It is true that the labor of cutting down sand hills and of reclaiming swamps on the western shore of the bay has been much greater than would have been the work of connecting the Oakland shore with deep water, but in the hurry and confusion incident to the settlement of California, it was necessary to chose the locality that was most immediately available ; the slower labor of development was left to another generation.
Twenty years ago Oakland was a most beautiful place, its carpeting of wild flowers, and its quiet, majestic groves, rivaling the attractions that have subsequently been created by the hand of man.
The establishment of the College School in 1853, by the late President Durant, may have seemed unimportant at that time, but its subsequent history has been interwoven with the history of the city, and has been a power in promoting its progress. The presence and success of that insti- tution, the establishment of the College of California as one of the re- sults, indirectly caused the building up of other private educational insti- tutions, and Oakland became the recognized educational center of the Pacific Coast long before coming into prominence from other causes. These schools attracted visitors, and Oakland had a permanent population of more than four thousand persons many years prior to those speculative movements in real estate consequent upon the close of the war and the immense immigration to this State. The College of California has a new
TUBBS' HOTEL, East Oakland. Horse Cars pass the door every ten minutes.
STRICKLAND & CO. keep the best Gold Pens in the World.
* *
Buy your Homesteads from E. W. WOODWARD & CO., 958 Bdwy.
10
OAKLAND DIRECTORY.
and higher life as the University of California, the peer of any university on the American Continent. The fame of our earlier private educational institution has been eclipsed by a system of public schools, in which can be taught the four thousand six hundred and fifty-nine children who are entitled to admission. Now, as it was twenty years ago, population is setting towards Oakland, because of the facilities for the education of the young.
Some twelve years ago communication with San Francisco by the Creek route had become so uncertain that a corporation was formed for build- ing a pier into the bay, from the western part of the city, to be connected with the central portion by rail. This work having been done, the growth of the city was vastly accelerated, and people whose business was in San Francisco began to take up residences in Oakland on account of its many attractions, and its accessibility. The city soon seemed to have been im- bued with a new life. Streets were opened and improved, an effective fire department organized, a City Hall erected at a cost of $100,000, and public school houses built, which were as ornamental to the city as they were useful for their intended purposes.
In 1867 there was a general discussion throughout the State about the location of the terminus of the Central Pacific. The representative men of Oakland were wide awake and vigilant. The water front surrounding the city was held by H. W. Carpentier, under the grant made by the town au- thorities in 1852, and though there had been so many years of litigation to regain it, there was no prospect of a termination. The Hon. John B. Felton was retained by the city and a compromise was finally agreed upon, the impelling motive being the necessity of offering some of the property to the Western Pacific Railroad Company as an inducement to locate its terminus in Oakland. The reservations to the city were the portion of the property now occupied by the City Wharf, and the water park, known as Lake Mer- ritt. There were small reservations to Mr. Adams and Mr. Carpentier, and the remainder of this vast property was conveyed to the Oakland Water Front Company, composed of Adams, Carpentier, Stanford, and other direc- tors of the Western Pacific. The water front property, now held by the Central Pacific is under title derived from the Water Front Company, and those donations were the inducement for locating the terminus of the overland railroad in the City of Oakland. The water front comprises the overflowed land between ordinary high water mark and ships' channel ; but the marsh lands on each side of the San Antonio Creek were claimed as part of this property, and the question of title was pending in the Supreme Court of the United States, a year and a half ago, but there has been a compromise between the parties interested. A strip of the marsh land bordering on the creek and three hundred feet in width, was relinquished to the Water Front Company, and the title to the remainder was confirmed to private individuals. It is claimed that if the water front had not been retained until 1868 by one person, the city could not have been in a position to offer a sufficient inducement to secure the location of the terminus. It has not been the policy of the new owners of the property to dispose of it in sub-divisions for the general purposes of trade and commerce, and it may be that this will be equally advantageous in the future. Railroad improvements, far beyond what were required by the stipulation, have been made, and ever since November 8th, 1869, the ter- minus of the trans-continental railroad has been in Oakland. The ferry service has since been under the control of the Central Pacific, and has expanded so as to meet the wants of the thousands who daily travel be- tween this city and San Francisco. Three trains of cars and two elegant steamers make forty-eight trips per day, carrying an average number of nine thousand six hundred passengers, or three million five hundred and four thousand per annum. At this time preparations are in progress to
GORDON'S ice cream is the best and cheapest. 469 Ninth St.
Do you want to make money ? If so, call upon E. J. KELLY & CO., 414 Seventh Street.
O. F. S .- Middlings, shorts, and bran, 416 Ninth St. nr Bdwy-O. F. S.
PROGRESS OF THE CITY. 11
still further improve the service and to give greater facilities for the ship- ment of freight by way of the creek. The steamer Capital, for many years on the Sacramento River route, is undergoing a remodeling, and will be placed on the creek for freight and for passengers.
A few leading facts will demonstrate the rapidity with which the city is advancing. House building is going on at the rate of one thousand per annum, for which are expended the sum of two and a half million dol- lars. In 1855 the number of children was one thousand two hundred and fifty-eight, now it is seven thousand two hundred and thirty-one. The territorial expansion of the city has helped to increase the figures, but the present total is what claims attention. Its religious societies have found it necessary to provide increased accommodations for their members, and some are building new and costly edifices, while others are contem- plating like improvements. Property that but a few years ago was use- ful only for farm purposes, is now thickly covered with buildings, and the city is increasing in size as rapidly as it can with the aid of a thou- sand skilled mechanics and a still greater number of laborers.
By an Act of the last Legislature, the county buildings were located on one of the plazas fronting on Broadway, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The Supervisors selected the square on the west side of the street, and have erected a Court House and County Jail, which have been occupied about three months. The county was authorized to issue bonds to the amount of $200,000 for building purposes. The cost of the improve- ments has been in excess of that sum; this difference coming from the general funds at the disposal of the Supervisors. The Court House is two stories in hight, and has a roomy basement. The extreme dimen- sions of the main edifice are one hundred and thirty by one hundred and forty-five feet, and in the rear there is a two story wing, forty by eighty feet ; the lower story being the Hall of Records, and the upper story the room for the meetings of the Supervisors. The hight of the ceiling in the first story is sixteen feet. The hall is twenty-eight feet wide ; on the north side is the office of the County Clerk, thirty by forty-four feet, and on the south side is the office of the Treasurer, of the saine dimensions. On the west side are the offices of the Sheriff, Auditor, Superintendent of Schools, County Surveyor, and Assessor. On the second floor are two court rooms, one for the County Court and the other for the District Court. They are similar in all respects, each being fifty-two by sixty feet in size. The ceilings are twenty-four feet high. In the rear are suitable apartments for the judges and the jurors. In the finishing and furnish- ing of the building the Supervisors have shown good taste and great liber- ality. The desks, counters, and book-cases are of black walnut and Span- ish cedar; the upholstering is of the finest style, and nothing has been omitted which would tend to make the building worthy of the second county in the State. The building is heated by twenty-five steam regis- ters, supplied by a boiler in the basement. There are four fire-proof vanlts and a burglar-proof vault for the use of the Treasurer. There is an abundance of water in every part of the building. The structure is surmounted by a dome, the top of which is one hundred and eighty-five feet from the ground. The view to be obtained from that point is com- prehensive and grand. J. J. Newsom was the architect, and G. W. Bab- cock the builder. The total cost of the Court House is $195,380.86, the builder's contract having been for $148,550, and the remainder for fix- tures and incidentals.
The County Jail is on the same square, and fronts on Washington Street; it cost $43,800.78. Most of the material was from the jail that had been erected in East Oakland, prior to the change of location, at a cost of some $40,000. It is a commodious structure, having all the appliances usual in the best appointed prisons. While it is thoroughly secure, close atten-
OI CUR going to buy Stationery-try STRICKLAND & CO.'S,
TUBBS' HOTEL, East Oakland. JOHN M. LAWLOR & CO., proprietors. Accommodating prices.
E. W. WOODWARD & CO., 958 Broadway, farms and ranches for sale.
12
OAKLAND DIRECTORY.
tion has been paid to light and ventilation; and the building is large enough to answer the desired purposes for many years to come, assuming that the growth of the county is to remain undiminished. The design is such that additions can be made without injury to the appearance and proportions of the building.
The wharf, built and owned by the city, on the lines of Webster and Franklin streets, was completed three years ago. During its first year the receipts were $3,277.31; during its second, $4,008.02, and during its third, $6,507.43; a fair return on an investment of $20,000, even if we leave out of view the public policy of affording wharf facilities for local commerce. The increase in the amount of revenue seems to accord with the general growth of the city.
All statistics that are gathered, all facts that are brought to notice, show that for the last two years the advancement of the city has been uniform but very rapid. It is also observed that the number of business places does not increase in the same ratio. The vast majority of all who be- come residents of Oakland, do so with the desire to make it their home, looking elsewhere for business. But the merchants who are in business in Oakland are prosperous and thrifty. There may not be room for com- petition with them, but there are apparently new fields of enterprise wait- ing to be filled. The prospects for the future are flattering in the extreme. All the information we have collected shows that in the past the city has been advancing as rapidly as would be normal and healthy, and that it can be retarded only by some calamity that would equally affect the whole State. There are soon to be considered new elements which will change the character of the city from a vast aggregation of homes, to a self-sustain- ing commercial port.
The improvement of the San Antonio Creek, so that large ships can be brought within a convenient distance of the mainland, has been advocated by those who were fully conscious of the great advantages Oakland has on account of her location on the eastern shore of the bay, being naturally the center of the railroad system of the Pacific Coast. The forty-second Congress directed an examination of the San Antonio Creek, with a view to its improvement. The Board of Pacific Coast Engineers, consisting of Major G. H. Mendell, Col. C. S. Stewart, and Col. Alexander, submitted their report in March, 1874. They made a thorough examination, and reported favorably. They ascertained that the tide rises a little higher and falls a little lower in San Leandro Bay than it does in San Antonio Estuary, the difference in range being four tenths of a foot. The times of high and low water are also earlier in San Leandro Bay, by about one hour. The San Antonio Estuary is supposed to be filling up on account of the smallness of the tidal basins which supply water for the stream in the channel. But with the present tidal area, the channel is twenty-two feet deep at Hibbard's, or the old Alameda Wharf, and that the depth elsewhere ranges from fourteen to eighteen feet, at low water. At the mouth of the Estuary, where the water is distributed over a large area, a bar exists, on which there are about two feet of water. Hence the con- clusion that if this channel were sufficiently contracted its depth would become greater, on account of the power exerted by the ebb tides. In this case the great scouring effect of the ebb tides is specially due to the tidal peculiarities of the bay. The first practical step is to contract the water way over the bay, to be done by two parallel training walls of stone, to extend from the mainland to the deep water of the bay. To afford the necessary room for navigation they are to be one thousand feet apart. It is the opinion of the engineers that in one or two years these walls would of themselves wash out a channel between them some twelve or fourteen feet deep at low water. The natural tidal basin at the head of the estu- ary is to be deepened, so that there will be two feet of water at low tide,
J. S. G. GORDON is the pioneer ice man. Office, 469 Ninth Street.
For the best bargains in Real Estate go to E. J. KELLY & CO., 414 Seventh Street, Oakland.
O. F. S .- Every bale of hay sold by weight, 416 Ninth Street-O. F. S.
PROGRESS OF THE CITY. 13
and it can be still further improved so as to accommodate shipping. But this basin is not large enough to open and maintain a wide and deep chan- nel between the training walls. Rather than incur this annual cost of dredging that would be necessary, a plan, almost provided by nature, has been adopted. It is proposed to double the amount of water flowing through the creek by connecting it by a canal with San Leandro Bay. A dam across the mouth of the bay will be necessary. The current will then be doubled in velocity, and it is estimated that the depth of water in the channel will be maintained at eighteen or twenty feet at low tide. The order in which the several parts of the work are to be done is as follows : first, the training walls; second, the canal to connect with San Leandro Bay; third, the dam at the mouth of the San Leandro Bay, and fourth, the excavation of the tidal basin at the head of San Antonio Creek, The estimated cost of the whole work is $1,736,985.20. When the work is completed Oakland will have a land-locked harbor capable of accom- modating forty large ships at the same time, with room for as many more at anchor, and room for as many ferry slips as may be required. The engineers recommended an immediate appropriation to begin the work, asserting that the trade and travel between Oakland and San Francisco would be put on a better basis, the present long wharf being a temporary one. The two draw bridges between Oakland and Alameda must be re- moved when the harbor has an active commerce.
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