History of Placer county, California, Part 1

Author: Angel, Myron; Thompson & West, pub
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Oakland, Cal., Thompson & West
Number of Pages: 558


USA > California > Placer County > History of Placer county, California > Part 1


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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94



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HISTORY OF


I LAGER -COUNTY,


CALIFORNIA,


WITH


Illustrations and Biographical Sketches


OF ITS


PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.


OAKLAND, CAL. THOMPSON & WEST. 1882.


13 0 00


Entered According to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by THOMPSON & WEST, In the Office, of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.


PACIFIC PRESS PUBLISHING HOUSE, PRINTERS, STEREOTYPERS, AND BINDERS. 12Th AND CASTRO STREETS, OAKLAND, CAL


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


INTRODUCTION 9 -- 10


CHAPTER 1.


Scanty Knowledge of the Pacific Coast Fifty Years Since-Story of "Sergas," by Esplandin-Titles to Immense Regions Conferred by the Pope-Expeditions for Discovery and Settlement-Sir Francis Drake's Operations-Expeditions Overland-Marvelous Stories of a Big Canon-Expedition of Father Escalante. . 11-12


CHAPTER II. BIG CANON OF THE COLORADO.


Lieutenant Whipple's Expedition-Lieutenant Ives' Expedi- tion-First Attempt to Explore the Canon-Land Party Organized-One Sight of the River-First Exploration- Unwilling Venture-Consider the Situation-Death of One of the Parties-Three Months in the Canon -- Arrival at Fort Colville-Exploration Made Under the Direction of the Smithsonian Institute-Indescribable Character of the Stream-Loss of Boats and Provisions-Death of a Portion of the Party-Emergence of the Survivors-Geology and Climate. 12-17


CHAPTER IIL.


The Exiles of Loreto-Father Tierra's Methods of Conversion- Death of Father Tierra-Arrest of the Jesuits-Midnight Parting-Permanent Occupation of California-Missions in Charge of Francisco Friars-Character of Father Junipero -Exploring Expeditions-Origin of the name of the Bay -Mission Dolores-Death of Father Junipero. . . .. . 17-20


CHAPTER IV. THE MISSIONS OF ST. FRANCIS.


Their Moral and Political Aspect-Domestic Economy-The Es- tablishments Described-Secular and Religious Oceupations of the Neophytes-Wealth and Productions-Liberation and Dispersion of the Indians-Final Decay. . . .. . . . 20-23


CHAPTER V. DOWNFALL OF THE OLD MISSIONS.


Results of Mexican Rule -- Confiscation of the Pions Fund- Revolution Begun -- Events of the Colonial Rebellion-The Americans Appear and Settle Things-Annexation at Last. .. 23-24


CHAPTER VI. PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURE.


Extent of the Mission Lands-Varieties of Produet-Agricul- tural Implements and Means of Working-A Primitive Mill-Immense Herds and Value of Cattle-The First Native Shop. .24-26


CHAPTER VII.


Sir Francis Drake's Discoveries-The Fabulous Straits of Anian-Arctic Weather in June-Russian Invasion- Native Animals-Various facts and Events. . . .. . . . . 26-29


CHAPTER VIII.


THE AMERICAN CONQUEST.


Fremont and the Bear Flag-Rise and Progress of the Revolu- tion-Commodores Sloat, Stockton, and Shubrick-Castro and Flores Driven out-Treaty of Peace-Stockton and Kearney Quarrel-Fremont Arrested, etc .. . . ... .29-31


CHAPTER IX.


SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FROM THE TIME CAPT. C. M. WEBER FIRST SAW IT IN NOVEMBER. 1841, UNTIL THE CLOSE OF 1847. BY FRANK T. GILBERT.


Captain C. M. Weber-Expedition to California, 1841-Names of the Party-Sutter s Fort-IIoza Ha-soos-San Jose -- French Camp or Weber Grant-Revolutionary Designs of the Foreigners-Treaty between Weber aud Ha-soos-How it was observed by Ha-soos-Fremont's Expedition, 1844- David Kelsey-Thomas Lindsay-Policy of the Foreigners -Weber and Micheltorena at San Jose-John A. Sutter aids Micheltorena-A Revolutionary Document-The "Bear Flag "-Attempt to Settle the Grant, 1846-Isbel Brothers and Other Early Settlers-Twins, Second Children born in Valley, 1847-End of Stanislaus City-First Marriage, 1847 -Village of "Tuleburg"- William Gann, First Child born in 1847-Will Horse Scheme-Resume. . . . 31-39


CHAPTER X.


BIOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF GENERAL SUTTER.


llis Nativity-Migration to the American West-Arrival in California-Foundation of Sutter's Fort-Prosperity and Wealth of the Colony-Decline and Ultimate Ruin --- Re tirement to Hock Farm-Extract from Sutter's Diary 39-46


CHAPTER XI. THE KING'S ORPHAN.


His Observations in the Sacramento Valley in 1843-Indications of Gold-Life at Sutter's Fort-Indian Gourmands-Won- derful Fertility of the Land. .. 46-47


CHAPTER XII. SUTTER'S FORT IN 1846.


Aspect of Sacramento Valley-Sinclair's Ranch-A Lady Pio- neer-Captain Sutter at Ilome-The Fort Described-Condi- tion and Occupation of the Indians-Farm Products and Prices-Dinner with the Pioneer-New Helvetia. . 47-49


CHAPTER XIII. THE HISTORY OF THE DONNER PARTY.


Scene of the Tragedy-Organization and Composition of the Party-Election of George Donner as Captain-Hastings Cut-off-Aseent of the Mountains-Arrival at Donner Lake -Snow-storms-Construction of Cabins-" Forlorn Hope Party "-Captain Reasin P. Tueker's Relief Party-James F. Reed's Relief Party-"Starved Camp "-Third Relief Party-lleroism and Devotion of Mrs. George Donner -- Fourth Relief Party -- The Survivors. .49-51


1


iv


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XIV. THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD.


Early Reports and Discoveries-Marshall's Great Discovery at Sutter's Mill-His Account of the Event-Views of the Newspapers of that Time-Political and Social Revolu- tion-Great Rush to the Mines-Results-General Sntter's Account of the Gold Discovery-Building of Saw . mill. 51 -- 58


CHAPTER XV.


EARLY CONDITION OF THIS REGION.


Mountains Unexplored by the Spaniards-The Trappers-Fre- mont's Passage of the Mountains in 1844-Battles with the Snow-The Indian's Warning-A Glimpse of the Valley- Subsisting on Horse Flesh-Arrival at Sutter's Fort-Early Settlements-An Immigrant Party of 1844 -- Captain Truckee -Truckee River-Alone on the Summit-Death of Captain Truckee-Immigrants in 1846-Discovery of Gold on the Yuba .. . 58 -- 65


CHAPTER XVI. EARLY MINING HISTORY.


Pre-American Gold Discoveries-Spread of the Gold Discovery- Beale's Expedition to Washington-Great Excitement in New York-First Mining in Placer County-Claude Chana in Auburn Ravine-Rich Dry Diggings, Auburn-Progress of the Excitement-Exploring the Rivers-Mines in the Winter of 1849-50-Adventures of Pioneers-Murderer's Bar-Buckner's Bar-Pioneer Mining Experiences-The "Glorious Days" of 1849-Mining in 1850-A Mining Claim-Grand Fluming Enterprise-A Model Saw-mill- Doctors, Lawyers, and Divines Mining -The Grand Finale-


Marshal Prospecting in Placer-Ohio Prospectors-A Ghastly Discovery-In Memory-" Yankee Jim "-A Primal Forest Scene-Occupants of the Canons-Finding Yankee Jim-Journal of a Pioneer-Soldiers and Prospectors in 1849-Prices of 1849 - Prices in Auburn in 1849 ... 65-81


CHAPTER XVII. EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA.


Preparations for Emigration-The Routes to California-The Pacific Mail Steamship Company-Arrivals at San Fran- ci co in 1849-The Expectant Argonaut-On the Isthmus- A lesson in Maritime Law-Sailing to San Francisco- Crossing the Plains-An Overland Journal-Population at the Close of 1849-Domestic Habits of the Pioneers-The Miner's Cabin-Housekeeping and Cooking-Thrifty Char- acters-Meanness and its Reward-First Duel in Placer-A Homicide. 81-89


CHAPTER XVIII. ORGANIZATION OF STATE GOVERNMENT.


The Government Before the Conquest-Colonial Governors of California-The Government Ad Interim-The Military Governors of California-Calling a Constitutional Conven - tion-Meeting of the Convention-Delegates from Sacra- mento District-First State Election-Organization of Coun- ties-Sutter County-Story of a Navigable Stream-Elec- . tion of County Officers-The First Session of Court-The Court House at Oro-Election for County Seat-Story by Judge Keyser-Permanent Homes Appear-The Govern- mental Organization ... .89-95


CHAPTER XIX. ORGANIZATION OF PLACER COUNTY.


Increase of Population-The Foot-hill Towns-Placer County Boundaries-Placer and Sutter Dividing Line-Geography of the County-Election of Officers-Contesting the Elec- tion-Election of Legislative Officers- Attempt to Divide the County-Opposition Aroused-Dutch Flat Opposition -- The Washington County Advocates-Meeting at Yankee Jim's-Convention at Wisconsin Hill-The Boundary Line -- A Bear River Growl-Revival of the Washington County Scheme- Granite County-Donner County. . . . .. 95-100


CHAPTER XX.


POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY.


Composition of Parties-How to Tax the Mines-Organization of Placer County-Abram Bronk-Camp ign of 1852- Patrick Canney-Campaign of 1853-Political Duels-The Slavery Question in California-Campaign of 1854-A Stormy State Convention-Conventions and Nominations- First and only Whig Administration-Campaign of 1855- Native Americans, or "Know-Nothings "-Efforts to Elect a Senator-Campaign of 1856-The Republicans-Sketches of Candidates-W. W. Carperton-Samuel B. Wyman-A. P. K. Safford-James O'Neil-Charles King -- Philip Stoner -Philip W. Thomas-J. W. Spann-Eugene A. Phelps- James MJ. Gaunt-Hudson M. House-Percival C. Millette- Election of Senators-Triumph of Broderick-Acts for Placer. .100-113


CHAPTER XXI POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY.


Campaign of 1857 -- The Democracy United-Democratic Com- binations -- Contempt for the Republicans-Campaign of 1855 Douglas Democrats-Conventions Held-Republicans and- Douglas Democrats Combine -- Eleventh Judicial District- The Election-A Portentous Omen-The Legislature-Cam- paign of 1859-Horace Greeley-Broderick and Terry Duel -M. S. Latham Elected Senator .- Legislation for Placer- Y James Anderson-Campaign of 1860-Threatening Aspect of Parties-The Election-Lincoln the President-James A. MeDougall Senator-A Stormy Session-The Rebellion- Campaign of 1861 -- Success of the Republicans -- Campaign of 1862 -- Three Parties in the Fieldl-Abolition of Slavery- Constitutional Amendments Adopted -- Campaign of 1863- Democratic Song-" Long Hairs " and "Short Hairs" United -- Democrats United-Judicial Election -- Placer County Matters-Campaign of 1864 -- Presidential Nomina- tions-The Election. .. 113-126


CHAPTER XXII. POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY. (CONTINUED.)


Campaign of 1865-Death of Lincoln-Split in the Republican Party-Judicial Election-The Legislature-Registry Law -Campaign of 1867-Political Changes-Meeting of Con- ventions-The Election-Judicial Election-The Legisla- ture-Eugene Casserly Senator-Presidential Campaign of 1868-Republican Victory-Campaign of IS69-Negro Suf- frage-The Election-Judicial Election-The Legislature -- Edgar M. Banvard-Campaign of 1871-The Election-Judi- cial Election, 1871-The Legislature-Sargent Senator- Dunham's Election-Campaign of 1872-Grant and Gree- ley-Questions at Issue-The Election -- Campaign of 1873 -" Dolly Vardens "-The Election-Judicial Election-The Legislature-Senators Elected -- Campaign of 1875 -- Com- plicated Parties -- The Election -Judicial Election, 1875 -- The Legislature-The Debris Question -- William M. Crutcher -Campaign of 1876 -- Centennial Year-Presi- dential Election, 1876 .. .. . . 126-135


CHAPTER XXIII. POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY. (CONTINUED. )


Campaign of 1877 -- Workingmen's Party-The Election of 1877 Judicial Election-Constitutional Convention-James T. Farley Senator-Campaign of 1878-Campaign of 1879- Constitution Adopted-Political Campaign-The Election- State Officers-Frank D. Adams-Presidential Campaign of 1880-The Election-Population of Placer-John C. Boggs -- John Gonld Bisbee- . W. B. Lardner. . . . 135-142


CHAPTER XXIV. FINANCIAL HISTORY.


Sutter County Debt-Financial Condition in 1852-Treasurer's Report 1852-Court House Ordered Built-Treasurer's Report 1853-Taxable Property-Mining Investments- Assessments in 1853-Treasurer's Report, December, 1853- Common School Money-Hospital Fund-Defective Revenue Laws-Grand Jury Report May, 1854-Grand Jury Report


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


August, 1854-Difficulties in Collecting Taxes-Sam Astin's Joke-A Tax-Collecting Controversy-The Financial Power-Grand Jury Report November, 1854-Taxable Property -- Comparative Statement-Financial Reports Feb- ruary, 1855-Rate of Taxation-Supervisors' Statement- The Increasing Indebtedness-Supervisors' Statement in September-Assessors' Report 1855-Supervisors' Report 1856-Treasurers' Report 1856-Unofficial Statement- Assessors' Report 1850. 142-152


CHAPTER XXV. FINANCIAL HISTORY.


(CONTINUED. )


Board of Supervisors February, 1857-Relief Measures-Asses- sor's Report 1857-Redemption of County Warrants-Finan- cial Report 1858-Reducing the Debt-Assessor's Report 1858 -Supervisors' Report February, 1859-County Debt -Assess- ment Roll 1859-Supervisors' Report 1859-Reports and Taxes ISCO-Finances in 1861-Taxation in 1862-The Finanees in 1863 -- Finances in 1864-Contest with the Railroad for Taxes -Tax Levy 1865-Railroad Assessment-Legal Distances- Taxation in 1866-Tax Levy in 1867-Central Pacific Contro- versy-Great Wealth of the Railroad Company-Assessment and Taxes in 1868-Robbing the Treasurer-Taxation in 1869- Exorbitant Bills-Railroad Suits Compromised-Taxation in 1870 -- Sale of the Railroad Stock -- Sources of Revenue -- Taxes in 1871-Proceedings against the Railroad Company-Property in 1871-William Van Vactor. 152-16.


CHAPTER XXVI. FINANCIAL HISTORY.


(CONTINUED. )


Taxation in 1872-Supreme Court Decision-Large Assessment -Railroad Assessment Contested-Property in 1873-Josephi P. Hoge Engaged-The Financial Problem in 1874-Railroad Troubles Continue-Valuations and Taxation-Financial Con- dition in 1875-J. T. Ashley-The Financial Condition in 1876 -Compromise with Railroad Company -- Sheriff ex officio Collector-Willard Loring Munson-Assessment and Taxation -Taxation in 1877-Financial Condition in 1878-Property in 1879-Financial Report in 1879-A. J. Soule-Financial Condition in ISSO-State Board of Equalization-Finanees in 1881-Railroad Litigation-Receipts and Disbursements- Causes of Financial Embarrassment-Conclusion. Joseph Walkup ... 165-178


CHAPTER XXVII. MINING.


Antiquity of Mining History-Ancient and Modern Mining- Gold-Silver-Copper- Iron-Coal-Australia-California- Nevada-Idria Quicksilver Mine-Character and Uses of Gold -Of Silver-Of Copper-Of Iron-Tin -- Chromium-Tellu- rium. . .178-186


CHAPTER XXVIII.


MINING. [CONTINUED. ]


Placer County Mines-Crude Implements in Early Mining-The Story of a Batea-Occurrence of the Gold-River Mining- Temporary Structures-Dry Diggings-Improvements in Mining-Long Tom-Mining Ditehes-The Sluice-The Sluice Fork-Riffles-Grizzly and Under Currents-Sluice Pavements-Drift Mining-Hydraulie Mining-Hydraulic Mining at Gold Run-Cement Mills-Quartz Mining-Pio- neer Quartz Mining-Empire Mill-Pioneer Mill-Union Mill-Placer Mill-Heath & Henderson Mill-May & Co's. Mill-Bay State Mill -- Preston & Worrell's Mill-Henson & Co's. Mill-Tom Seymour's Mill-Silver Excitement. .186-197


CHAPTER XXIX. MINING LAWS.


Quartz Miners' Convention and Laws-Auburn Quartz Mining District-Laws of Auburn District-Recommendation- Placer Mining Laws-Laws of Coneert Hill District-State Convention of Miners-Proceedings of Miners' Convention -United States Mining Laws-Act of July 20, 1866-Aet


of July 9, 1870-Aet of May 11, 1872-Subsequent Amend- ments-Forms-Proof of Labor-Notice of Location-Rules and Decisions-Obtaining Patents for Mines-Adverse Claims-Agricultural or Mineral Land-Aliens-Cross Lodes-Tunnels. .197-205


CHAPTER XXX. MINING.


[CONTINUED. ]


Mineralogical Education-Copper Discoveries and Exeite- inent - Lone Star Distriet-Auburn Distriet-Cox's Dis- triet-Garden Bar Distriet-On the "Rampage" for Copper -- High Prices for Copper-New Copper Mining Towns-Singular Roek-Copper Production-The Exeite- ment Abating-Iron Mines Iron Ore on Lovell's Ranch -- Report of the Geological Survey --- The Iron Mountain Com- pany-Iron Mining in Oregon-Practical Mining Com- me iced-The Blast Furnace-The Hot Blast-The Process of Smelting-Feeding the Furnace-The Seene at a Casting -The Ore and Ore Supply-The Fuel Supply-Executive Officers -The Force Employed-The Town of Hotaling- What of the Future ?- The Holland Mine-Iron Product- Coal Mining-Potters' Clay-California Clay Manufactur- ing Company -- Importance of Clay Deposits-Chromium Mining. . .205-214


CHAPTER XXXI. MINING.


[CONTINUED. ]


The Iowa Hill Divide-The Gravel Formation-Altitudes on the Divide-Mines on the Divide-lowa Hill Mines-Independ- enee Hill Mines-Roach Hill Mines-Morning Star Hill Mines-Bird's Flat Mines-Strawberry Flat Mines-Succor Flat Mines-Wisconsin Hill Mines-Grizzly Flat Mines- Elizabeth Hill Mines-Stevens' Hill Mines-Main Ridge Mines-Canada Hill Mines-Quartz Mines-Near Succor Flat-Humbug Canon Quartz Mines-Canada Hill Quartz Mines-Mines Having Stamp Mills-Water Ditches-Shirt- tail Cañon Quartz Mines-Humbug Canon Mines Described -Canada Hill Quartz Mines Described-Report on Mines- Mountain Gate Mine-Ihidden Treasure Mine-Michael Harold Power-Various Formations and Theories -- A Hy- draulie Mine. . . 214-225


CHAPTER XXXII. MINING.


[CONTINUED. ]


Quartz Discoveries near Auburn-Rich Strikes-Pluck Rewarded by Luck-The Big Crevice -Dredging the River-The St. Patrick Mine-The Greene Mine-Rising Sun Mine-The Banker Mine-The Forest Hill Divide-Mining at Duteh Flat-Cedar Creek Mining Company-Mining Phrases- The "Glorious Days" of '49-The Miner's Lament-The Miner's Progress. .225-237


CHAPTER XXXIII. AGRICULTURE.


Early Efforts at Cultivation-The Dry Valley Thought a Desert-A Change in the Scene-The Pioneer Fruit Planter -Claude Chana-Pioneer Cultivators and Orchardists- Early Ranches in the Valley-Assessor's Report in 1855- Assessor's Report in 1856-Fruit Trees-Vines -- Grain-Live Stock-Flouring-mills Required-Progress in 1857-Ranch of .J. R. Nickerson-Spring Valley Ranch-Assessor's Report in 1870 -- Successful Horticulturists-J. W. Hulbert-An Unusual Frost. 237-245


CHAPTER XXXIV. AGRICULTURE. [CONTINUED. ]


Orange Culture-M. Andrews- Foot-hill Fruits-Silk Culture- Works and Life of B. Bernhard-Productions of the Granite Hills-Cotton Culture-Alfalfa, or Chili Clover-Angora Goats-Agriculture in the Mountains-William N. Lee- Statistical Report for 1869-Statistics for 1875. . . . 248-257


vi


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XXXV. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.


Placer County Schools in 1857-Schools of Placer County - Office of County Superintendent-Salary of County Super- intendent -- Miscellaneous Statistics -- Teachers' Institute -- Alta District -- Auburn District -- Bath District-Blue C'añon District-Buteher Ranch District -- Central Distriet-Chris- tian Valley District -- Clipper Gap District -- Colfax Distriet Consolidated District-Coon Creek District-Damaseus District -- Daneville District -- Dry Creek District -- Dutch Flat District-Emigrant Gap Distriet-Excelsior District -- Fair View District-Forest Hill District-Franklin Dis- triet-Gold Hill District-Gold Ran District -- Iowa Hill District-Lincoln District-Lone Star District-Michigan Bluff Distriet-Mount Pleasant District-Mount Vernon District-New England Mills District-Newcastle District -Ophir District-Penryn District-Rock Creek District- Rocklin District-Roseville District-Sheridan Distriet -- Spring Garden District-Sunny South District-Todd's Valley Distriet-Union Distriet-Valley View District- Van Trees District-Lapsed Districts-Statistical Tables 257-267 -O. F. Seavey. .


CHAPTER XXXVI. RAILROADS.


Traveling in "Old Times "-New York to Boston in Four Days -Ancedote of Stephenson-Early Traveling in California- Strange Terminus to a Railroad-First Locomotive in America -A Historical Railroad Excursion-First California Rail- roads-Railroad Extension-California Central Railroad- Auburn Braneh Railroad-Sacramento, Placer and Nevada Railroad-Transcontinental Railroad Projected-Efforts of Theodore D. Judah-Central Pacific Railroad Company-Rail- road Bill Passed Congress-The Work Commenced -- Placer County a Stockholder-Address to the People-The Election Contest-Progress of the Road-The First Surprise-Great Energy in the Work-Triumph of Engineering and Finance- Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railway-John B Whitcomb. .267-282


CHAPTER


WAGON ROADS OF PLACER COUNTY.


Roads in 1849-First Wagon in Yankee Jim's-Emigrant Roads -- Emigrant Road of 1852-Surveys in 1855-Placer County Emigrant Road-Biographieal Sketch of Captain Thomas A. Young-Road Couvention at Yankee Jim's-List of Delegates-Speeches Delivered-Resolutions Offered-Last of the Emigrant Road Scheme-Placer County and Washoe Turnpike-Toll-roads, Ferries, and Bridges-Bear River Bridge-Auburn Ravine Turnpike-Mineral Bar Bridge and Road-Other Toll-roads Before 1860-Auburn and Yankee Jim's Turnpike-Lyon's Bridge and Road-Lake Pass (Dutch Flat) Wagon Road-Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wayon Road-Pacific Turnpike-Colfax and Forest Hill Toll-road - Auburn and Forest Hill Turnpike - Jolin Carlson. .. 282 -- 291


CHAPTER XXXVIIL JOURNALISM.


Reading for the Pioneers-Eastern Newspapers for California- The Placer Herald-Tabb Mitchell, J. A. Filcher-Placer Democrat-Death of John Shannon-The Auburn Whig - The Placer Press-Hiram R. Hawkins-The Iowa Hill News - Mountain Courier-Placer Courier-Philip Lynch-Iowa Hill Patriot-Dutch Flat Enquirer-Democratic Signal-A Deplorable Tragedy-The Union Adoocute-The Stars and Stripes-Placer Weekly Aryux-James B. MeQuillan-T. Glan- cey-Dutch Flat Forum-Placer Times-Colfax Enterprze -Mountain Echo - Roseville Farmer -- The Advance- The Caucasian-Tahoe Tattler-Placer Times .. . . . . 291-301


CHAPTER XXXIX SOCIETIES.


The Order of Freemasonry-Speculative Freemasonry-Masonry on Pacific Coast-Remark able Masonie Display -- Grand Lodge of California-Masonry in Placer County-Eureka Lodge, No. 16-Gold Hill Lodge, No. 72-Michigan City Lodge, No. 47-Illinoistown Lodge, No. 51-Rising Star Lodge. No. 83 -Wisconsin Hill Lodge, No. 74-Clay Lodge, No. 101- I nie Lodge, No. 121-Granite Lodge, No. 222-Tyre Lodge, No. 235-l'enryn Lodge, No. 25>-O. W. Hollenbeck-Royal Arch Masons-Libane Chapter, No. 17-Olive Chapter, No.


23-Delta Chapter, No. 27-Siloam Chapter, No. 37-Capt. Melvin S. Gardner-Order of the Eastern Star-Odd Fellow- ship in California-Odd Fellowship in Placer County- Auburn Lodge, No. 7-Mountain Lodge, No. 14-Placer Lodge, No. 38-Washington Lodge, No. 40-Minerva Lodge, No. 55-Covenant Lodge, No. 73-Olive Lodge, No. 81- Valley Lodge, No. 107-Colfax Lodge, No. 132-Gold Run Lodge, No. 139-Roseville Lodge, No. 203-Order of Knights of Pythias -- Washington Lodge, No. 1-Sons of Temperance -- Independent Order of Good Templars-Improved Order of Red Men-Patrons of Husbandry-Ancient Order of United Workmen-War Veterans ... . .301-315




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