USA > California > Placer County > History of Placer county, California > Part 27
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THE campaign of 1857 involved the election of State, Legislative, several county and township offi-
cers; also to pay or repudiate the State debt, and a vote upon calling a Constitutional Convention. The political power seemed indisputably in the hands of the Democratic party, and their nominations were generally regarded as equivalent to an election. There were several reasons for this. The Senatorial contest, which had been a prolific source of diseord, bad been settled, apparently, for four years at least, and the two wings appeared firmly united. In addi- tion to this, the administration of State affairs by the American party had given great dissatisfaction, and the Republicans were still laboring under the com- mon denunciation of being disunionists, abolitionists, sectionalists, negro-worshipers, and the like. and their power was insignificant. except in the large cities.
DEMOCRATIC COMBINATIONS.
The combinations made in settling the Senatorial question in the previous winter had decided. in advance of any convention, a good portion of the Democratic nominees, at least so far as bargaining could.
CONTEMPT FOR THE REPUBLICANS.
The Republicans put forth their platform, which appeared to the Democrats so obnoxious that they published it as a campaign document on the theory that
" Vice is a monster of such hideous mien, That to be hated needs but to be seen."
The result was, however, as demonstrated in after years, the conclusion of the poet,
" But seen too oft we become familiar with its face: We first endure, then pity, then embrace."
The Republican platform declared the national character of the party, and expressed no opinions regarding State policy, other than to invite immigra- tion, wherein it differed from the American party To prohibit slavery in the Territories was in the power and duty of Congress, in which it differed from the Democratic party, which denied that power. It was opposed to interference with slavery in the States. One resolution said " That the opinion ren- dered by Chief Justice Taney, and concurred in by other Judges, in the late Dred Scott case, is a pal- pable violation of the principles of the Declaration of Independence, a falsification of the history of our country, subversive of State rights, and a flagrant injustice to a large portion of the people of the I'nited States, and as such merits the indignant reprobation of every free nan." This disapproba- tion of so sacred a thing as a decision of the United States Supreme Court was considered as but little short of blasphemy. The platform expressed the hope that the free men of Oregon, then about organ- izing a State Government, would succeed in estab- lishing it on a basis of free principles, exeluding slavery from the Pacific Coast forever.
The campaign was opened early, the Placer Herald and a number of other papers placing the name of John B. Weller at the head of their columns as can-
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HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
didate for Governor, subject to the Democratic State Convention. This Convention was called to meet at Sacramento July 14th, and Placer County was accorded fifteen of the 312 delegates, ranking as the sixth among the forty-four counties.
The County Convention met at Auburn July 11th and appointed Messrs. James Anderson, D. Il. Lee, Daniel Choate, J. M. Powers. W. Story, John O. Manuel, J. R. Nickerson, P. W. Thomas, D. M. Reavis, D. C. Scott, Dr. J. W. Waters, J. P. Olmstead. John Mason, HI. Manser, and Joseph Walkup dele- gates to the State Convention. These were instructed to vote for the nomination of John B. Weller for Governor.
The State Convention met as ordered. The gen- tlemen mentioned for candidates for Governor were John B. Weller, of Sacramento, Joseph W. MeCorkle, of Butte, and John Nugent, of San Francisco- Weller being nominated. The remaining nomina- tions were as follows: For Lieutenant-Governor. Joseph Walkup, of Placer; Justice of Supreme Court, full term, Stephen J. Field, of Yuba, Peter H. Burnett, of Santa Clara, short term; Attorney- General, Thomas H. Williams, of El Dorado; Con- troller, James W. Mandeville, of Tuolumne; Treas- urer, Thomas Findley, of Nevada, long term, James L. English, of Sacramento, short term; Surveyor- General, Horace A. Iligley, of Alameda; State Printer, John O'Meara, of San Francisco. Shortly after the nomination Joseph Walkup resigned his position as Senator, leaving a vacancy to be filled at the ensuing election.
The American State Convention met at Saera- mento. July 28th, and nominated the following: For Governor, Geo. W. Bowie, of Colusa; Lieutenant- Governor, J. A. Raymond; Justice of the Supreme Court, James H. Ralston, of Sacramento; Controller, G. W. Whitman, of Amador; Attorney-General, T. J. McFarland, of Nevada: Treasurer, J. R. Crandall, of Placer; Surveyor-General. Lucien B. Healy; State Printer, B. II. Monson.
The Republican State Convention met at Sacra- mento, July 8th, and made the following nominations: For Governor, Edward Stanley, of Marin : Lieutenant- Governor, D. W. Cheeseman. of El Dorado; Justice of Supreme Court. Nathaniel Bennett, of San Francisco; Attorney-General, Aaron A. Sargent, of Nevada; Controller, L. C. Gunn, of Tuolumne; Treasurer, Leland Stanford, of Sacramento; Surveyor-General, P. M. Randal, of Amador; State Printer, F. B. Mur- dock, of Santa Clara.
The campaign was quiet, the usual round of speech making being followed, with the addition of a num- ber of Republican speakers, who received more respectful attention than in the preceding year.
The result was the election of the entire Demo- cratie State and County ticket; the vote in the county for Governor being, Weller (D), 1,999; Bowie (1), 1,425; Stanley (R), 708. Joseph Walkup, for Lieutenant Governor, received 2,068 votes, being the
highest of any candidate. The full vote in the State for the Gubernatorial candidates was: Weller, 53,122; Stanley, 21,040; Bowie, 19,481. For Lieu- tenant-Governor, Walkup received 57,336 votes; Cheeseman, 16,800; Raymond, 19,718, making Walk- up's majority, 20,818. The votes of El Dorado, Klamath, and Santa Barbara, were not counted by the Legislature, making that count much less.
The vote on payment of the State debt was large in its favor, and against holding a Convention to revise the Constitution.
The following are the names of the candidates for Legislative and county offices, and the vote each received :-
Senate-full term, J. C. Baker (D), 1,841; T. P. Slade ( A), 1.474; P. 11. Sibley ( R), 704; short term, James Anderson (D), 1,977; John Barnes (A), 1,388; S. R. Bradley (R), 640.
Assembly- D. B. Curtis (D), 2.005; A. P. K. Saf- ford ( D). 2.007; Nicholas Kabler (D), 1,968; Wm. C. Stratton (D)), 2,001; James H. Toole (A), 1,330; F. J. Frank (A), 1,400; H. S. Wooster (A), 1,379; WV. Whittier (A), 1,434; A. G. Read (R), 604; A. II. Goodrich (R), 634; A. C. Skull (R), 622; W. IL. Hilton (R), 635.
Superintendent of Common Schools-Percival C. Millette (D), 1,970; J. P. Brooks (A), 1,485.
Public Administrator-Thomas Coffey (D), 1,935; C. T. Palmer (A ), 1,578.
Coroner-W. J. Esmond (D). 2,071; Dr. Page (R), 1,457.
Convention-for, 2,552; against, 748.
Paying State Debt-for, 2,850; against, 663.
Total number of votes cast, 4.219.
Placer was about the only county that gave a majority for holding a Convention to revise the Con- stitution. This had resulted from the advocacy of the question by the Herald, where the cumbrous- ness of the courts, the powers given to corporations, and other defeets of the Constitution had been ably pointed out. The State vote on the question was 30,226 for the Convention and 17,680 against, but the statute authorizing the election required a major- ity of all the votes cast, the total vote of the State being 93,643 the question was lost.
The Legislature met on the first Monday in January, 1858. Lieutenant-Governor Walkup pre- sided in the Senate, and N. E. Whitesides, of Yuba, was elected Speaker, and Joseph W. Scobey, of Placer, Clerk of the Assembly. The session passed with but little of general interest, terminating its labors April 26. 1858. . In both houses were 104 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 7 Americans.
Soon after the election in 1857, Chief-Justice II. C. Murray died, and Peter Il. Burnett, who had been elected to till the term, expiring January 1, 1858, was appointed to the vacancy, and Stephen J. Field, who had been elected to take office January Ist, was appointed to the place made vacant by the appoint- ment of Burnett.
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POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY.
CAMPAIGN OF 1858.
The progress of the political changes which led from the absolute supremacy of the Democratie party to its disruption and revolution is noticed with each recurring campaign. In a retrospective view the period including the administration of James Buchanan is one of the most interesting and instruc- tive of the political history of the United States, as it witnessed the culmination of the slave power; the imperial arrogance of its leaders; and the growth of the Republican party against whose suc- cess the South rose in rebellion.
DOUGLAS DEMOCRATS.
With the opening of the campaign of 1858 the first mention is made of " Douglas Democrats." Stephen A. Douglas, Senator from Illinois had intro- duced the bills for the organization of the Territo- ries of Kansas and Nebraska in 1854, which left the question of slavery to be decided by the people when organizing as States. For this he became a very popular leader of the Democracy. In 1858, under the pressure of Buchanan and the proslavery Democrats a bill was passed admitting Kansas with a Constitu- tion maintaining slavery, known as the " Lecompton Constitution," which had been rejected by a large majority of the people of Kansas, who. had sub- mitted an anti-slavery Constitution, made in Conven- tion at Topeka. Douglas, Broderick, and Chandler, Democratic Senators, voted against the measure, and were called bolters, and their adherents became known as " Douglas Democrats," or " Anti-Lecomp- tonites." The Placer Press, under the editorial charge of A. S. Smith, became the organ of the Anti- Lecompton party, and as the historian of 1860 writes, " was accused of being strongly tinetured with Abolitionism."
The principal questions under disenssion during the Campaign were, the admission of Kansas, with the Constitution establishing slavery, and the dis- agreements between Senators Broderick and Douglas with the Executiveat Washington. The proclamation of the Governor, called for the election of a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a State Controller as the only officers to be voted for by the people of the State in general, the election of Members of Congress having been postponed one year. The Eleventh Judicial District was required to elect a Judge, and the county Legislative officers and county officers.
MeKibben, Member of Congress, and strongly anti-Broderick the previous year, now opposed the Democratic Administration, and acted with the Douglas, or Anti- Lecompton party. The American party still maintained its organization in Placer County, but made no State nominations.
CONVENTIONS HIELD.
The Republican County Convention met July 24. 1858, and selected twelve delegates to the State Convention, to meet at Sacramento on the 5th of
August: P. H. Sibley, C. J. Hillyer, S. R. Bradley, F. B. Higgins, J. M. Moulton, Charles A. Tuttle, H. H. Watson, C. Il. Aldrich, L. R. Chamberlain, L. O. Gorman, George White and C. II. Goodrich.
The State Convention met on the day appointed, and nominated John Currey, of Solano, for Judge of the Supreme Court, Dr. L. C. Gunn, of Tuolumne, for Controller, and Joseph C. Mckibben, of Sierra, and F. P. Tracy, of San Francisco, for Members of Congress.
The Democratic County Convention met July 30th, and nominated legislative and county officers, and selected eleven delegates to the State Convention at Sacramento, to be held August 4th. The following were the delegates: John C. Manuel, B. Stinson, N. Kabler, W. C. Stratton, Walter White, J. W. Brady, W. C. Rich, E. McDonald, L. G. Smith, S. B. Wyman, and J. A. Hill.
The Democratic State Convention met at Sacra- mento, August 4th, and nominated Joseph P. Bald- win, for Judge of the Supreme Court, and A. R. Meloney, for Controller. Among the proposed nom- inees for Supreme Judge were John M. Howell, of El Dorado, P. HI. Burnett, of Santa Clara, Judge Barber, of Tuolumne, and H. P. Barbour, of Yuba.
The Douglas Democrats of Placer met in County Convention at Anburn, and selected delegates to a State Convention of the party at Sacramento, to be held simultaneously with the Democratic and Repub- lican Conventions. This Convention nominated John Currey, of Solano, for Supreme Judge, I. N. Dawley, of Nevada, for Controller, H. U. Jennings, of Butte, for Clerk of the Supreme Court, J. C. Mckibben, of Sierra, and Wm. L. Dudley, of Calaveras, for Mem- bers of Congress.
REPUBLICANS AND DOUGLAS DEMOCRATS.
The intent and purpose of the Douglas Democrats and the Republicans being so nearly the same -- that was to " end the misrule of the Buchanan Democ- racy," -- that a combination was made, the Republic- ans nominating two of the Anti-Lecompton Demo- crats for State officers, and in the county both nominating the same. The division of the Demo- cratie party gave hopes of success to the American party in Placer, and a Convention was held at Auburn, July 31st, and officers for the Legislature and county were nominated.
Among the resolutions in the Democratic platform, was one declaring,
"That, in the opinion of this Convention, the formation of, and adherence to the so-called Topeka Constitution, by the Abolition party of Kansas, was an aet of rebellion which ought to have been put down by force. And be it further
Resolved, -- That it is the will of those who adhere to the Government, and not to the will of those who array themselves in rebellion against the Govern - ment, that should be looked to and carried out, both in the formation of State Constitutions, and the admission of States into the Union."
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HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
This Democratic doctrine of 1858 became very obnoxious to many of that party, when adopted by the Republicans, in the war of the Rebellion.
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT.
The Eleventh Judicial District Convention met at Sacramento. August 5th, only El Dorado and Yolo Connties being represented, and nominated Thomas H. Hewes, of El Dorado, for Judge. This was pro- tested against by the people of Placer, and Benjamin F. Myres announced himself as an independent candidate for the position, saying in his address to the voters, that he had been solicited so to do by gentlemen from various parts of the district.
THE ELECTION.
The election was held September 1st. resulting in the success of regular Democratic State and county nominees, excepting the candidate for Collector, and of B. F. Myres, Democratic, but independent candidate for District Judge. The State returns were, for Supreme Judge-Baldwin. Democrat, 44,599; Currey, Donglas Democrat and Republican, 36,198; Con- troller-Meloney, Democrat. 44.255, Dawley, Dou- glas Democrat, 27,759; Gonn, Republican, 7,481. No connt was made of the votes for Members of Congress, or Clerk of Supreme Court, the term of the latter office having been extended until 1859 by the Legislature. The vote for District Judge was, in Placer County, for Myres, 3,654; Hewes, 762; Myres having a majority in the district of about 100.
The following returns show the candidates of the different parties in the county, and the vote each received :-
Senate-James Anderson ( D), 1,909; II. S. Wooster (A), 1,392; J. C. Ball ( R and D D), 1,290.
Assembly-W. C. Stratton (D), 1,948; Wm. P. Barclay (D), 2,130; W. P. Wing (D), 1,989; Philip Lynch ( D). 1,817: M. M. Robinson (A). 1,214; F. J. Frank ( A), 1,314: J. B. Henderson (A), 1,358; D). B. Collins ( A), 1,301; E. J. Schellhouse (R and D D), 1.287; James McDonald (R and D D)). 1,256; J. P. Kavanaugh (R and D D), 1,285; Wm. H. Lowell (Rand D D), 1,278.
County Judge-E. H. Vandecar (D), 1,957; II. R. Hawkins (A), 1,418; L. B. Arnold (R and D D), 1,209.
Sheriff-L. L. Bullock ( D), 2,003; M. C. Ladd (A ), 1,437; J. W. Phillips (R and D D), 1,226.
Collector-M. Kimball (A), 1,993; G. L. Hamlin (D), 1,805; Thomas Sherman (R and D D), 804.
Treasurer-G. W. Applegate ( D), 1,938; J. T. Higbee ( A). 1,394; Moses Hyneman ( R and D D), 1,223.
Clerk-Henry Gooding (D), 2,044; T. P. Slade (A), 1,559; Jos. W. Scobey (R and D D), 1,019.
Recorder-G. D. Anderson ( D). 1,995; J. L. Brown (A), 1,363; I. S. Tichenor (R and D D), 1.233.
District Attorney-P. W. Thomas (D), 2,243: J. F. Welch (A), 1,120.
Assessor-T. B. Harper (D), 2,240; H. J. Marsh (A), 1,120; Geo. Lermond (R and D D), 1,213.
Surveyor-S. G. Elliott (D), 1,992; E. A. Phelps (R and D D), 1,303.
Public Administrator -- John Keiser (D), 1,913; Julins P. Brooks (A), 1,280: E. M. Banvard (R and D D), 1,250.
Coroner-James McBurney (D), 2,012; G. W. Sheridan (R and D D), 1,227.
Total number of votes cast. 4,720.
The terms of the connty officers would begin June 2, 1859.
The campaign had been quite active, particularly on the Republican side, with such speakers as F. P. Tracey, Joseph C. Mckibben and Wm. L. Dudley, and these aroused the people to an excited state, calling out the votes of all parties. As a conse- quence the vote was much larger than had been anticipated. it having been estimated that at least 800 votes had left the county for Frazer River since the preceding election.
The Legislature elected was composed of twenty- four Administration Democrats, seven Douglas Dem - ocrats and four Republicans in the Senate; and fifty- four Administration Democrats, sixteen Douglas Demoerats and ten Republicans in the Assembly.
A PORTENTOU'S OMEN.
As the campaign closed there appeared in the northwestern sky a large and brilliant comet, after- wards known as Donati's Comet, with a tail of fifteen degrees in length, and curved toward the north like a flaming Turkish cimeter. This grand spectacle was visible every evening for six weeks, appearing like an army in the heavens passing in review from the north to the south. eventually disappearing in the southwest, having many features likened to military equipages; sharp, straight lines, like spears and rapiers, rising and disappearing, and the whole appearing like a saber held in the air. or an aigrette plume flowing from the chapeau of a soldier. By many it was regarded as the comet which some historians declare influenced Charles V., in the six- teenth century to abdicate the thrones of Spain and Germany, and which had foretold the birth of Christ, and in its period of a little over 300 years had prognosticated great political and religious events. Did it come at this time to forewarn the world of the great revolution to occur in the United States in a few years thereafter, one of the greatest political revolutions of history, and was its flaming sword and military appearance as it passed a symbol of the future march of the Union armies from the North to the South ?
THE LEGISLATURE.
The Legislature met January 3, 1859, Lieutenant- Governor Walkup presiding in the Senate. On the 4th the Assembly organized by the election of W. C. Stratton, of Placer, as Speaker, this county having the honor of the two presiding officers. The
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POLITICAL HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY
Reading Clerk, Joseph W. Scobey, who had been Clerk of the preceding Assembly, was also from Placer County.
The most exciting question of the session was a resolution introduced by Senator William Holden, of Tuolumne and Stanislaus, requesting D. C. Brod- eriek to resign his office as United States Senator, for having disobeyed the instructions of the pre- vious Legislature to support the Administration in regard to the admission of Kansas under the Leeomp- ton Constitution, and for having spoken disrespect- fully of the President of the United States in the Senate on the 22d of March, 1858. This resolution was long and ably debated, and passed by a strictly partisan vote. In this debate Senator Anderson delivered one of the most powerful speeches of the session, reviewing the history of Broderick and attributing most of the political evils of California to his ambition and intrigne, and to the bad char- acter of the men he attached to his cause. Mr. Anderson also introduced a bill, which became a law, exempting from exeention the homestead of an unmarried person to the value of $2,500. An Act was passed again submitting to a vote of the people the question of calling a Constitutional Con- vention. The Legislature adjourned April 19, 1859.
CAMPAIGN OF 1859.
The campaign of 1859 was one of the interesting series attending the disruption of the Whig, and the solidification of the Republican party. The Kansas " Embroglio," "Bleeding Kansas," the "Kansas Outrages," " Lecompton," and "Anti-Lecompton," " Squatter Sovereignty," and " Border Ruffians," were the common terms often heard in political speeches, individual wrangles, and newspaper articles. Questions of State and county interest were over- looked or forgotten, in the all absorbing subject agitating the nation. There was, however, the struggle for local offices, and in the general breaking up of parties, making it difficult to forecast the result, each organization entertained hopes of success. A full set of State officers were to be elected, also two Members of Congress, one Senator, four Assem- blymen, Superintendent of Schools, and Publie Administrator.
The Republican State Convention met at Sacra- mento, June 7. 1859, and organized by the election of Hon. Charles A. Tuttle, of Placer, as Chairman. The nominations were as follows: For Governor, Leland Stanford, of Sacramento; Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, James F. Kennedy, of Santa Clara; Members of Congress, P. H. Sibley, of Placer, and Col. E. D. Baker, of San Francisco; Justice of Supreme Court, Oscar L. Shafter, of San Francisco; Clerk of Supreme Court, S. D. Parker, of Tehama; Treasurer, P. P. Caine, of Yuba; Controller, J. R. Clarke, of El Dorado; Attorney-General, II. S. Love, of San Francisco; Surveyor-General, A. G. Randall, of Amador; Superintendent of Publie Instruction, S. W. Brown,
of Sonoma; State Printer, F. B. Murdock. of Santa Clara.
The Anti- Lecompton County Convention met at Auburn, June 14th, and selected the following dele. gates to the State Convention: E. M. Shellbonse. J. (. Ball, M. Sherman, Philip Stoner, H. Fitzsimmons, T. Sherman, L. B. Arnold, 1. S. Tichenor, John O'Neil and L. Chamberlain. The State Convention met at Sacramento, June 16th, and made the follow- ing nominations: For Governor, John Currey, of Solano; Lieutenant-Governor, John Conness, of EI Dorado; Congress, Joseph C. Mckibben, of Sierra, and Col. E. D. Baker, of San Francisco; Judge of Supreme Court, Royal T. Sprague, of Shasta; Clerk of Supreme Court, Joseph Powell, of Sacramento; Attorney-General. Edmund Randolph, of San Fran- cisco; Treasurer, Josiah Johnson, of Sacramento; Controller, George Pieree, of Sonoma; State Printer, John O'Meara, of Yuba.
The Democratic County Convention met at Auburn, June 20th, and elected twelve delegates to the State Convention: 11. H. Johnson, J. A. Hill, D. L. Beach, W. C. Stratton, M. Fannon, E. Barrett, C. C. Dudley, J. W. Brady, L. G. Smith, S. B. Wyman, G. 1 .. Hamlin and L. L. Bullock. The State Convention met at Sacramento, June 22d, and made the follow- ing nominations: For Governor, Milton S. Latham, of Sacramento; Lieutenant-Governor, J. G. Downey, of Los Angeles; Congress, John C. Burch, of Trinity, and (. L. Seott, of Tuolinne; Judge of Supreme Court, W. W. Cope, of Amador; Attorney-General, Thomas HI. Williams, of EI Dorado: Clerk of Supreme Court, Charles S. Fairfax, of Sacramento: Treasurer, Thomas Findley, of Nevada; Controller, Samuel II. Brooks, of San Joaquin: Surveyor-General, Horace A. Higley, of Alameda; Superintendent of Public Instruction, A. J. Moulder, of San Francisco; State Printer, C. T. Botta, of Sacramento.
The American party made no State nominations, but in Placer County presented a full ticket.
HORACE GREELEY.
The usual exciting canvass followed. enlivened by the presence of such able speakers. as Col. E. D. Baker. M. S. Latham, Dr. Gwin, D. C. Broderick. James Anderson and others, besides the various candidates. An extra interest was given the cam- paign, by the visit to California of Horace Greeley. distinguished as an editor and politician. of what were then called advanced. radical, extreme views. Mr. Greeley spoke at Auburn on the 8th of An gust. to a Republican meeting, giving his opinion of the object and principles of the Republican party. Col. Baker had declared . Squatter Sovereignty,"- leaving the question of slavery to be settled by the people of the Territories -- to be the basis of the Republican party. Mr. Greeley said at Auburn. that Squatter Sovereignty was but another feature of the slave trade that squatters nor Congress should admit slavery into the Territories. This extreme
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