USA > California > Placer County > History of Placer county, California > Part 59
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lu the early history of Dutch Flat numbers of its pioneer residents, as Wm. N. Lee, E. L. Brad- ley. Joseph Hauser, John Thomas. M. S. Gardiner. D. W. Strong, and others, made gardens and planted fruit trees and flowering shrubs, giving pleasure and profit to themselves and adding homelike and civilizing ornaments to the town.
WILLIAM N. LEE
Is a native of the State of Michigan, having been born at Farmington, Oakland County, October 9, 1831. He remained during his minority in his native place, his time being divided between attend- ing school and other occupations incident to boy- hood's life. On the 10th of May, 1851, he arrived in San Francisco, coming by way of the Isthmus of Panama. After a short stay in the city he came to Placer County, and located at Ophir. During the succeeding two years he was engaged in min- ing in that then flourishing camp. In 1853 be removed to Dutch Flat, and has resided there, or in the immediate vicinity, to the present time. Ilis business has been divided between mining and agri- cultural pursuits. He is at present residing upon his ranch near Alta, a view of which will be found in this book. Mr. Lee was married July 19, 1854, to Miss Minerva A. Bliss, a native of Michigan. Though Mr. Lee does not claim to be a '49er, he has had many years experience in the mines of this State, and is thoroughly conversant with that branch of industry.
STATISTICAL REPORT FOR 1869.
John C. Bogg, Assessor of the county, reported to the Surveyor-General, in 1870, the following statis- ties of the year 1869 :-
Land mclosed, 78 175 aeres; land cultivated, 29.635 acres; sown in wheat. 10,000 acres. yielding 150,000 bushels, or 15 bushels average to the acre; barley. 2.200 acres, yielding 33,000 bushels. It is proper to remark that a very considerable portion of the wheat, barley and rye sown in this county is never cut. but used for hogs, chickens, ete., pasture; and nearly all the oats raised is cut for hay. One hundred and eighty acres of potatoes yielded 15,212 bushels. Of hay there was returned 8.500 tons; butter. 9,350 pounds; cheese, 2,500 pounds; wool, 76.000 pounds; honey, 10,000 pounds. Of fruit trees and wines there were returned, apple trees, 31,000; pach, 18,000; pear, 11,000; plum, 2,500; Cherry, 1.200; nectarine, 900; quince. 2,000; apricot, 400; fig. 2.100; lemon, 40; orange, 20; prune. 250; mol- berry, 2,700; almond, 600; walnut, 225; gooseberry bushes, 1,200; raspberry. 40,000; strawberry vines, 133.420; grape vines, 617.618; wine, 125,000 gallons: brandy. 5,000 gallons; six breweries, producing 55,744 gallons of beer: three distilleries, producing 3.000 gallons.
LIVE-STOCK.
Horses, 1,832; mules, 181; asses, 15: cows, 876; calves, 850; beef cattle, 1,100; oxen, 510; sheep,
MRS. W. N. LEE
MR.W. N. LEE.
RESIDENCE OF W. N. LEE, ALTA, PLACER COUNTY, CAL.
257
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
27,000; Angora goats, 18; hogs, 9,080; chickens, 15,640; turkeys, 1,000: geese, 300; hives of bees, 1,000.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Saw-mills, 15, producing 17,000,000 feet of lumber; shingles made, 2,000,000; quartz mills, 14; quartz crushed, 5,000 tons; mining ditches, 36, aggregating 379 miles in length and running daily 14,000 inches of water; railroads, 2, aggregating 112 miles in length; registered voters, 6,028; estimated popula- tion, 11,500.
STATISTICS FOR 1875.
In 1875 there were 288.836 acres of land listed by the Assessor, of which 191,369 were in the district elassed as Western Placer, including the plains and lower foot-hills as far as Newcastle; 85,584 acres in the district including Auburn and the country north of the North Fork of the American River, and 11,883 acres in the distriet south of the North Fork. In the first district the land was valued at an average of $3.54 an acre; in the second at 83.12}, and in the third at $3.66. The first produced 31,000 gallons of wine, valued at 15 cents a gallon, and 1,400 gallons of brandy, valned at $1.29 per gallon; the second 7,360 gallons of wine and 2,500 of brandy, valned at 83.11 per gallon, and the third, 3,600 gallons of wine, valued at 20 cents a gallon.
Of live-stock there was the following: American horses, 1,438; Spanish horses, 1.140; eolts, 598 -- total horses, 3,146; mules, 258; stock cattle, 1,736; beef cattle, 301; cows, 2,285; calves, 952; oxen, 501; graded sheep. 23,068; common sheep, 42,728; hogs. 3,135.
CHAPTER XXXV. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Placer County Schools in 1857-Schools of Placer County -- Office of County Superintendent -- Salary of County Super- intendent -- Miscellaneous Statistics -- Teachers' institute- Alta District -- Auburn District -- Bath District-Blue CaƱon District-Butcher Ranch District -- Central District-Chris- tian Valley District-Clipper Gap District -- Colfax District - Consolidated District-Coon Creek District-Damascus District -- Daneville District-Dry Creek District-Dutch Flat District-Emigrant Gap District-Excelsior District -- Fair View District-Forest Hill District-Franklin Dis- trict-Gold Hill District-Gold Ran District- Iowa Hill District-Lincoln District-Lone Star District -- Michigan Bluff District-Mount Pleasant District-Mount Vernon District-New England Mills District-Newcastle District -Ophir District-Penryu District-Rock Creek District- Rocklin District-Roseville District-Sheridan District- Spring Garden District-Sunny South District-Todd's Valley District-Uuion District-Valley View District- Van Trees District-Lapsed Distriets-Statistical Tables -O. F. Seavey.
THE founders of the State Government looked prophetically forward to the time when families and children should follow in their footsteps to the golden land. In the Constitution of 1849, provision was made for the school system which has carried the schools to the front rank among the high edu-
eational institutions of the Union. The Government of the United States grants to all new States and Territories the 16th and 36th sections of land in the public land surveys; and this grant, and 500,000 acres, also expected as granted to other new States for educational purposes, were devoted to the public schools, by that noble instrument, the Pioneers Constitution of California. The Legislature of 1849-50, failed to organize any school system, or levy a tax, for the purpose. The second Legis- lature, in 1851, passed an Aet concerning public schools, but no efficient system was adopted.
Schools, both publie and private, had been estab. lished in the large cities and towns. though not through State aid nor under State organization. The missions, of course, were the first schools of California. The first American school in California was a private enterprise, opened by a Mr. Marston. in San Francisco, in April, 1847. This he continued nearly one year, having twenty or thirty pupils, whose tuition was paid by their parents. In Feb. ruary, 1848, a meeting of citizens was held in San Francisco, and a board of school trustees was ehosen. Mr. Thomas Douglas, a graduate of Yale College, was engaged as teacher, and a public school was opened, April 3, 1848. In April, 1849. Rev. Albert Williams, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, organized a private school, charging tuition. Late in the fall of 1849, Mr. J. C. Pelton opened a school in the Baptist Church of that city; and these were the pioneer sehools.
John G. Marvin was the first State Superintendent of Public Instruction. In bis report to the Legis- lature, in 1852, he recommended several important changes in the imperfeet school law of the previous Legislature. Among others, that a tax of five cents should be levied on each 8100, for school purposes, that the office of County Superintendent should be ereated; that provision should be made for school libraries; and that the proceeds of the sale of swamp and overflowed lands. which had been granted the State, should be applied to the school fund. He estimated the number of children in the State, between the ages of four and eighteen years, at 6,000. In the second annual report, 1852. the num- ber of public sebools in the State was reported at only twenty. The sales of public-school lands had produced a fund of $300,000; the number of school children was 17,821, and 3,314 attended school. He recommended that the County Assessor should be ex officio Superintendent of Public Schools, also. that no Catbolic sehools be allowed any portion of the school fund.
In 1853, the Legislature enaeted that the school fund should not be used for any other purpose whatever; that religions and sectarian schools should not have a pro rata of the school fund. The County Superintendent was authorized to appoint three School Commissioners for each distriet.
In 1854, the Legislature provided that fifteen per
33
258
HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
cent. of the poll-tax should be paid into the school fund. An attempt was made to repeal the Article prohibiting the granting of money to sectarian schools, but the proposed law did not reach a vote. The Superintendent reported the number of children attending school as having increased from 2,000, in 1853, to 5,751, in 1854, this being the first attempt to get a tabulated statement of school matters.
In 1855 a bill introduced in the Legislature became a law. This provided that no sectarian doctrines should be taught in schools receiving public money ; also that no public money should be appropriated to any school not taught by a regularly examined and licensed teacher, and important provisions in the election of County Superintendents. This statute appeared to be the one required to settle the contro- versy regarding sectarian schools, and the division of public money as the policy has since become as fixed as a constitutional provision.
PLACER COUNTY SCHOOLS IN 1857.
[From the Herald of November 28, 1857.)
By the examination of the Superintendent's books. and the yearly report of the County Treasurer to the State Superintendent, which have been kindly furnished us by Mr. Millette, the present efficient head of the schools of Placer County, we are enabled to furnish our readers with some items of interest relating to the cause of education in this county.
The following exhibits the return of children between the ages of four and eighteen years, for the years 1856 and '57 :-
1856.
1857.
Auburn
127
90
Gold Hill.
46.
58
lowa Hill. .
90
100
Michigan Bluff
27
71
Ophir
- -
29
38
Dutch Flat.
34
68
Yankee Jim's. .
49.
68
Coon Creek.
20 ..
14
Mt. Pleasant.
34
30
Secret Ravine
85.
82
Illinoistown
35.
21
Dry Creek
22.
81
Wisconsin Hill
21
36
Todd's Valley
60
Rattlesnake .
40
Total.
628
.856
The district of Rattlesnake was included in 1856, in that of Auburn.
The returns from some of the districts last year were mere guess work, consequently it is difficult to tell what the actual increase in number has been. This year the districts have been canvassed by the school marshals.
The Treasurer's Report for the year ending Octo- ber 31, 1857, exhibits the amounts paid into the
school fund of the county, and sources from whence derived as follows :-
SCHOOLS.
FROM STATE.
FROM COUNTY.
TOTAL.
Auburn
$341 63.
$368 29.
$706 92
Gold Hill
3 39.
133 39
Ophir
104 91.
113 06.
218 00
Mt. Pleasant.
91 46.
98 59_
190 05
Coon Creek
57 99
57 99
Dry Creek.
63 80.
63 80
Secret Ravine
228 65.
246 50.
475 15
Illinoistown
98 63.
98 63
Yankee Jim's
131 81.
142 09.
267 90
lowa Hill.
280 05.
260 96.
541 04
Wisconsin Hill
23 92
60 94.
84 86
Michigan City
72 63
78 29.
150 92
Dutch Flat
91 46.
98 63.
190 09
Totals
$1,366 52
$1,821 22 $3187 74
The total amount of money from all sources paid out during the year was $3,007.33. The amount of school moneys remaining on hand October 21st, was $953.32.
The State makes its apportionment of school moneys on the 1st of January and 1st of July, each year. The county made its apportionment on the 1st of June and the 31st of October. The January apportionment of the State was $1.65 for each child returned, between the ages of four and eighteen years, and the July apportionment was $1.04; the June apportionment of the county was $1.05, and in October eighty-four cents.
By the above table it will be seen that but nine schools received money from the State last year. This was caused by a failure to make proper returns. Five others would have lost their apportionment but for the exertions of the present Superintendent, he having taken the office in time to cause the necessary returns to be made. At the present time there are fifteen public schools in the county, and an additional one will soon be in operation. More interest than formerly is manifested in the cause of education by parents, and the advantages offered by the school system of the State are more readily embraced.
Mr. Millette has exerted himself to systematize and establish the different schools of the county, and extend the facilities for school attendance to the children in all the settled parts of the county, and we are pleased to note that his efforts have been so successful.
Our common schools are yet in their infancy, but the benefits to be derived from them may even now be felt, and as years increase their number and util- ity, the wisdom displayed by the State in fostering these primary institutions of learning will be more apparent in the improved tone of California society.
SCHOOLS OF PLACER COUNTY.
For the following history of the schools of Placer County we are indebted to Hon. O. F. Seavey, the
259
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
present efficient County Superintendent of Publie Schools :-
OFFICE OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT.
Not until the third session of the Legislature was any provision made for County Superintendent of Sehools. During the session of 1852 the Legisla- ture enacted a law one section of which made County Assessors ex officio County Superintendents, and defined the duties of such officer. Through the carelessness of the Enrolling Clerk the section cre- ating the office was omitted, and the duties of that office were specified without ereating the office. In 1853 the Legislature amended the school law, and provided that County Assessors should be ex officio County Superintendents.
During the sixth session of the Legislature, in 1855, the school law was revised. The law, as revised, provided for the election of County Super- intendents and defined their duties. Under the pro- visions of this Act H. E. Force was elected first Superintendent of Placer County in September, 1855. Within a few months after entering upon the duties of his office he died of consumption, and Theodore Hotchkiss was appointed to fill the vacaney occa- sioned by his death.
LIST OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
1855-H. E. Foree, elected September, 1855; T. B. Hotchkiss, appointed February 5, 1856.
1856-P. C. Millette, elected September, 1856. 1857-P. C. Millette, re-elected.
1859-S. S. Greenwood, elected. 1861-A. H. Goodrich, elected.
1863-A. H. Goodrich, re-elected.
1865-S. R. Case, elected.
1867-S. R. Case, re-elected.
1868-C. C. Crosby, appointed.
1869-J. P. Kinkade, elected. 1871-J. P. Kinkade, re-elected. 1873-J. P. Kinkade, re-elected. 1875-E. Calvin, elected. 1877-O. F. Seavey, elected.
1879-O. F. Seavey, re-elected.
SALARY OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT.
The salary of County Superintendent has varied considerably. In the " minute book " of the Super- visors the following order is entered November 8, 1856: "The County Superintendent shall receive a reasonable compensation for services, but the same shall not exceed $500." During the term of A. H. Goodrich the salary was raised to $1,000 per annum. While S. R. Case was Superintendent the salary paid was $1,800 per annum. While J. P. Kinkade was in the office the compensation was fixed at $1,200, and has remained unchanged sinee that date. The expense incurred in visiting schools is paid out of the General Fund.
MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.
The following items concerning the six years suc- eeeding the introduction of the publie school system into the county have been added because, although they give but a vague idea of the condition of the schools at that time, yet they throw some light upon a period now well-nigh forgotten, and afford some information concerning the early years of our schools.
In 1857 there were fifteen districts, representing 856 census children between four and eighteen years of age.
Amount of State money apportioned for the year, $269. Fifteen teachers were employed. The school year at that time ended on the 31st day of October, 1857. At the end of the year 1857 there were 14 schools and 628 children. Average length of school, five months. For the year ending October 31st, 1858, there were 15 schools and 854 children. For the year 1859, total number of children of all ages, 1,569; between four and eighteen years of age, 609; 723 children of Californian birth. Amount appor- tioned, $6,061.81. In July of that year there was apportioned, of State money, 8985; of county money. $1,701.64. There were eighteen schools in session that year. For 1860 there were 2,703 children of all ages; 721 between four and eighteen years of age; 914 born in California. The total amount appor- tioned cannot be ascertained. It appears that $1,792 came from the State, and $1,701 from the county. The public fund paid less than one-half of the school expenses. Average length of time school was main- tained, five months and eleven days. Four new dis- triets, although formed in 1859, were not enumerated till this year, viz .: Forest Hill, 87 census children; Roek Creek, 45; Monona Flat, 36; Van Trees, 51. Nineteen districts in existence. For the year 1861 there was apportioned, of State money, $2,142; of county money, $2,911; amount raised by subscrip- tion, $4,508; amount raised by distriet taxes and rate bills, 83,420. Average length of sehool term, six months and three and one-half days. One district main- tained school the whole year. Number of census children, 1,440; number born in California, 1,364. Stewart's Flat, Mad Canon, Lone Star and Lineoln Districts receive public money for the first time. For 1862 there were 1,786 census children, and Union, Franklin and Smithville were added to the number of school districts. Twenty-six schools were maintained that year.
ALTA DISTRICT.
Formed February 12, 1872. E. M. Banvard, N. Pedlar and G. Rodgers constituted the first Board of Trustees. Miss A. V. Kelly taught the first term of school, which began in the spring of the same year. Forty pupils attended. The school house is situated in the town of Alta, fronting the railroad, and is 23x45 feet in dimensions. It was built with money raised principally by giving dances. Fifty-three
260
HISTORY OF PLACER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
pupils can be seated in the main room. Seats are all patent. Pretty well supplied with maps and charts. During the last term taught by R. D. Faulkner, fifty-one pupils attended, five of whom were in the grammar grade.
The library numbers 108 volumes. J. Q. Baxter is the present Distriet Clerk.
AL BURN DISTRICT.
John G. Marvin. the first Superintendent of Public Instruction, in his first annual report states that there was a small school at AAuburn in 1851, but the oldest residents are unanimous in the opinion that the first school was tanght in 1852. According to their best recollection a private school was opened in the fall of 1832 by a Mrs. Horton in a house known as the Parsonage. which stood on the west side of Sacramento Street, a short distance above the site of the present American Hotel. Rev. J. R. Rodgers succeeded her, using the Methodist Church. located still higher on the hillside, and on the opposite side of the street. For several years the lower story of the Masonie Hall, standing on the northeastern side of the common, now inclosed in the Court House yard, was used as a school room. In 1868 the trus- tees bought Ira Grant's house, standing then just in front of the new school house site. This house was torn down and a school house erected, which served the needs of the district till 1874. At this time the increased number of children demanded more room and more teachers. To meet this need a new and larger school house was built during the summer of 1874. Twenty-five hundred dollars were raised by tax and 81,049 were donated. In 1879 the two upper rooms were finished and furnished at a cost of 81,512. The building as finished con-ists of four rooms-two in each story. It is 34x56 feet in size, and each story has an ante-room 14x26 feet in size. Each room is sup- plied with patent furniture, charts.maps and all the ad- junets necessary to the success of the school. There are four schools: one grammar, one intermediate, and two primary. J. H. Firehammer is the Principal. Forty- one pupils are enrolled in his room. The seating capacity is fifty. Miss Bell May has charge of the intermediate, with forty pupils attending. The seating capacity is forty-three. The first primary is in charge of Miss C. M. Lytle, with an attendance of forty-two. The seats are all occupied. Miss Esther Brown teaches the second primary, having ninety enrolled, with a seating capacity of only sixty- two. The average monthly expense of the schools for the last year was 8401. The school library con- sists of some two hundred volumes. The school house is located on Railroad Street, and presents a fine architectural appearance O. W. Hollenbeck is the District Clerk.
TEACHERS' INSTITUTE.
The Legislature, during the session of 1865, empowered Superintendents to hold Institutes in their respective counties, providing there were
twenty districts in the county. Prior to this session the Superintendent was required to apply to the Supervisors for an order anthorizing him to call an Institute. The first Institute was held in the Conrt House, beginning October 7, 1862. Since that time an Institute has been held every year.
BATH DISTRICT.
Organized February 11, 1866. School was opened in May of the same year in a building ereeted the preceding winter Miss Carrie A. Green was the teacher. About thirty pupils attended. Henry Long, Henry Ford and John Mitcherson were the first Trustees. The school house is situated on the south side of the road as you enter the town, and is 25x35 feet, with seating accommodation for thirty- eight children. The seats are not patent, but are nevertheless very comfortable. The school is well supplied with charts and maps. The district at one time had quite a large library for a small mountain school. 11. H. Richmond is the present teacher. Thirty-one pupils are enrolled, of whom two are in the grammar grade. Mr. Dougherty is the Distriet Clerk.
BLUE CANON DISTRICT.
This district was organized November 9, 1867. Miss Sara Jackson tanght the first school. A. B. Mosher was one of the Trustees. In 1880 the citi- zens built, by subscription, a very well finished school house, and furnished it with good furniture. The school house does the district credit. Last term twenty-two pupils attended, and Miss M. S. Belcher taught them. Library is small. G. F. Bartlett is the District Clerk.
BUTCHER RANCH DISTRICT.
Formed in May, 1875. School was immediately opened in a cabin near the Hibernia House, with Miss K. McElwee as teacher. Nine pupils attended. The Trustees were, Peyton Powell, Thomas Sheridan and Archie Maither. The school house is 10x18 feet, and plainly but comfortably furnished. Miss MeElwee has taught every term since the dis- triet was organized. E. B. Gilbert is the District ( 'lerk.
CENTRAL DISTRICT.
This district was formed February 13. 1872. H. C. Curtis taught the first public school. M. Wal- dron, II. M. Whaley, and H. Newton were the first Trustees. The district has a good school house, well supplied with improved furniture. G. W. Fuller has charge of the school. Forty children attend. Library is small. E. B. Heryford is the District Clerk.
CHRISTIAN VALLEY DISTRICT
Onee formed part of Clipper Gap District, from which it was set off in April, 1868. A Miss Mor- gan taught the first school; fifteen pupils attended. The school house is 16x30 feet, and has been greatly improved the last year. The district needs new fur_
261
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
nitnre. J. M. Lowell is at present teaching, with twenty pupils enrolled. E. F. Cook is Distriet Clerk.
CLIPPER GAP DISTRICT,
Formerly Neilsburg District, was organized May 7, 1864. School began August, 1864. N. B. Steward taught the first term, and thirty-one children attended. The Trustees were Mr. Campbell, G. W. Predmore, and George W. Honn. The school house is a substantial building, 26x28 feet, located on the Auburn and Colfax wagon road, about one-quarter of a mile north of Clipper Gap railroad station. Can seat thirty pupils. The seats are plain and home-made, but comfortable. Miss Daisy Radcliffe is at present engaged in teaching the school, having nine pupils enrolled. Twenty-nine volumes com- pose the library. G. W. Honn is the District Clerk.
COLFAX DISTRICT.
Frank Sanderson taught the first school in Colfax, or, as it was then called, Illinoistown, in 1854 and '55. The first public school was taught in 1858 by a teacher whose name was Bluet. R. S. Egbert, E. J. Brickell, W. A. Ilines were the Trustees. From 1858 till December, 1872, the school was taught in what had once been a packing-house in Illinoistown. In 1872 the citizens, by a series of dances, collected money to erect a school house. This was finished near the close of 1872, costing $1,350. It can seat ninety pupils. All the seats are patent. The rooms are ceiled and very well finished. In 1880, by an inerease of census children, the district beeame entitled to another teacher, and to accommodate this school another room was added to the main building, at a cost of $700. This room can scat fifty pupils. At present the Colfax Sehool consists of three departments-grammar, first and second prim- ary. G. W. Wyllie teaches the grammar grade, and has twenty-eight pupils enrolled. The first primary is under the charge of Miss Emma Nickell, with thirty-five pupils attending. Miss Annie A. Quick teaches the second primary, having an attendance of forty-eight. One hundred and twenty six volumes compose the library. W. A. Hines is the Distriet Clerk.
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