USA > California > A history of California and an extended history of its southern coast counties, also containing biographies of well-known citizens of the past and present, Volume I > Part 2
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PAGE
CHAPTER XXIX.
FROM GOLD TO GRAIN AND FRUITS.
199
CHAPTER XXX.
CIVIL WAR-LOYALTY AND DISLOYALTY.
State Division and What Became of It-Broderick's Early Life-Arrival in California- Enters the Political Arena-Gwin and Broderick-Duel Between Terry and Broderick- Death of Broderick-Gwin-Latham Combination-Firing on Fort Sumter-State Loyal -- Treasonable Utterance-A Pacific Republic-Disloyalty Rampant in Southern California- Union Sentiments Triumphant-Confederate Sympathizers Silenced.
. ... ... 204
CHAPTER XXXI.
TRADE, TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION.
Spanish Trade-Fixed Prices-No Cornering the Market-Mexico's Methods of Trade- The Hide Droghers-Trade-Ocean Commerce and Travel-Overland Routes-Overland Stage Routes-Inland Commerce-The Pony Express-Stage Lines-Pack Trains-Camel Caravans-The Telegraph and the Railroad-Express Companies.
211
CHAPTER XXXII.
218
RAILROADS
Early Agitation of the Pacific Railroad Scheme-The Pacific Railroad in Politics-Northern Routes and Southern Routes-First Railroad in California-Pacific Railroad Bills in Con- gress-A Decade of Agitation and No Road-The Central and Union Pacific Railroads- Act of 1862-Subsidies-The Southern Pacific Railroad System-Its Incorporation and Charter-Its Growth and Development-The Santa Fe System-Other Railroads.
Mexican Farming-But Little Fruit and Few Vegetables-Crude Farming Implements- The Agricultural Capabilities of California Underestimated-Wheat the Staple in Central California-Cattle in the South-Gold in the North-Big Profits in Grapes-Orange Culture Begun in the South-Apples, Peaches, Pears and Plums-The Sheep Industry-The Famine Years of 1863 and 1864 Bring Disaster to the Cattle Kings of the South-The Doom of Their Dynasty-Improvement of Domestic Animals-Exit the Mustang-Agricultural Col- onies.
27
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE INDIAN QUESTION
PAGE
222
Treatment of the Indians by Spain and Mexico-A Conquista-Unsanitary Condition of the Mission Villages-The Mission Neophyte and What Became of Him-Wanton Outrages on the Savages -- Some So-Called Indian Wars-Extermination of the Aborigines-Indian Island Massacre-The Mountaineer Battalion-The Two Years' War-The Modoc War.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
SOME POLITICAL HISTORY . 229
Advent of the Chinese-Kindly Received at First-Given a Public Reception-The "China Boys" Become Too Many-Agitation and Legislation Against Them-Dennis Kearney and the Sand Lot Agitation-Kearney's Slogan, "The Chinese Must Go"-How Kearney Went-The New Constitution-A Mixed Convention-Opposition to the Constitution- The Constitution Adopted-Defeat of the Workingmen's Party-A New Treaty with China-Governors of California, Spanish, Mexican and American.
CHAPTER XXXV.
EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
..... 235
Public Schools in the Spanish Era-Schools of the Mexican Period-No Schools for the Neophytes-Early American Schools-First School House in San Francisco-The First American Teacher-The First School Law-A Grand School System-University of the Pacific-College of California-University of California-Stanford University-Normal Schools.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
CITIES OF CALIFORNIA-THEIR ORIGIN AND GROWTH
... . 242
The Spaniards and Mexicans Not Town Builders-Francisca, on the Straits of Carquinez, the First American City-Its Brilliant Prospects and Dismal Failure-San Francisco-Its Population and Expansion-The Earthquake of April 18, 1906-The Great Fire that Fol- lowed the Earthquake-The Effects of the Earthquake at Oakland, Alameda, Berkeley, San José, Santa Rosa and Other Points Around the Bay of San Francisco-Oakland, an American City-Population-Sacramento, the Metropolis of the Mines-San José, the Gar- den City-Stockton, the Entrepot of the Southern Mines-Fresno-Vallejo-Nevada City- Grass Valley-Eureka-Marysville-Redding.
28
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, INTRODUCTORY.
254 No County Government under Spain and Mexico"No Tax on Land-Mexican Laws Continued in Force after the Conquest-The Territorial Government was Semi-Military and Semi-Civil-A De Facto State-It is Divided into Counties.
SAN DIEGO COUNTY
255
Boundaries Somewhat Erratic-Imperial in Area but Limited in Population-First Assess- ment of Property-County Officials-Yuma Indian Outbreak-Massacre of Dr. Lincoln and Ten of his Men at the Colorado Ferry-Depositions of two of the Survivors-Names of Those Massacred-Call for Troops-General Morehead's Gila Expedition-No Indians Killed-Expensive War-Second Indian War-Indians Resist Taxation of their Cattle --- Antonio Garra, Chief of the San Luis Rey Indians-His Attempt to Form a Confederation- Sacking of Warner's Rancho-Warner's Account of the Indian Raid-Massacre of the Americans at Agua Caliente-San Diego under Martial Law-Battle at Los Coyotes- Defeat of the Indians-Four Minor Chiefs Executed-Hanging of Bill Marshall and Juan Verde-Capture of Antonio Garra-Tried by Court Martial-Execution of Antonio Garra- Bean's Second Expedition, or the Garra War Very Expensive.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
262 SAN DIEGO COUNTY-CONTINUED.
The Pueblo of San Diego-The Early History of the City and County Identical-Organi- zation of the Pueblo-First Survey of Pueblo Lands-San Diego Fifty Years ago the Largest City in the United States-The Founding of New Town-Names of its Founders- The First Building-A Wharf Built-Fate of the First Wharf-The Pioneer Newspaper and its Proprietor-The Dime Catcher-Some Alleged Adventures of the Press and its Proprietor on the Isthmus-Ames' Own Story-Lieutenant Derby Entrusted with the Ed- itorial Tripod-The Herald's Political Somersault-The Famous Mill between Phoenix and Boston-Ames' Remarks-The Herald Plant Moved to San Bernardino-Death of Ames and his Newspaper-Travel by Sea and Land-Steamers Plying between San Diego and San Francisco in the Early '50s-Overland Mail between San Diego and San Antonio, Texas-Change of Route-Old Town and New Town at a Standstill.
CHAPTER XXXIX.
SAN DIEGO COUNTY-CONTINUED.
268
The Back Country Undeveloped-Wagon Road to San Bernardino-Market Supplies from the Mormon Town-The Famine Years of 1863-1864 Less Disastrous in San Diego than Elsewhere-Great Ranchos Still Intatt-Water Development-Thirteen Reservoirs-The Imperial Valley and Salton Sea-Overland Routes Across the Desert-Desert Tragedies- First Scheme for the Reclamation of the Desert-The California Development Company and Its Work-Rapid Development of the Imperial Country-The Waters of the Colorado Find their Way into Salton Sink-Great Flood of the Gila-The Old Channel of the Colo- rado Left High and Dry-Salton Sea Spreads Over Four Hundred Square Miles-South- ern Pacific Compelled to Change its Track around the Salton Sea-The Colorado Forced into its Old Channel-Old Town, Roseville and La Playa-National City-Coronado-Ocean- side-Escondido-La Jolla-Fallbrook-Pala-Julian-Banner-Ramona.
29
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XL.
SAN DIEGO CITY
275
Act of Incorporation-First City Election-Names of Officers Elected-The First Council- Patriots of the Pocket-The Cobblestone Jail-The First Prisoner Digs Out with His Pocket Knife-The City Disincorporates-Governed by Trustees-Postoffice Established- High Rates of Postage-San Diego a Port of Delivery-A Port of Delivery at the Junction of the Gila and Colorado-No Applicants for the Position of Revenue Collector-The Pioneer Railroad Project-Great Railroad Meeting in 1853-The San Diego and Gila South- ern Pacific & Atlantic-Railroad Incorporated-The Legislature Authorizes a Donation of Two Leagues of Pueblo Lands to the Railroad-Rivalry Over Routes Defeats Railroad Building-San Diego in a Comatose Condition-No Newspaper for Eight Years-Hor- ton Comes and San Diego Awakes-Horton Buys a Town Site-Horton's Tin Horn-San Diego in 1867-The Memphis, El Paso & Pacific Railroad-John C. Fremont its President- The Rush to San Diego in 1869-Lot Buying and Selling-The Horton House Built-Some of the Great Hotels of the World at That Time-The Texas Pacific Railroad Coming- Congress Passes an Act Giving Land Grant to the Road in 1871-Great Rejoicing at San Diego -- San Diego's Great Real Estate Boom-Some Boom Poetry-Postoffice at South San Diego Named San Diego-The Financial Crisis of 1873 Stops Railroad Building-Generous Act of Father Horton-A New Railroad Scheme-The Kimball Brothers-The California Southern Railroad-The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Built-The Great Real- Estate Boom of 1887-Town Sites Galore-The Bursting of the Boom-The Boom a Bless- ing in Disguise-The Aftermath-Recuperation-Disasters-Summary of Events to the End of the Century-Schools-San Diego Free Public Library-Chamber of Commerce-Parks of San Diego.
CHAPTER XLI.
Los ANGELES COUNTY
...... 285
Los Angeles County Originally did not Take in the Colorado Desert-The Boundaries as Defined in the Act of February 18, 1850-Boundaries as Given in Act of April 25, 1851- Boundaries as Given in 1853 When San Bernardino County was Created-Los Angeles County an Empire in Itself-Various and Variable Climates-County of Kern Created-Orange County, the Last Slice taken from Los Angeles-Organization of a County Government- First County Officers-Court of Sessions-Judges of the Plains-Fees and Salaries-Big Pay for Little Work-The First County Jail-Criminal Aristocrats-Spanish and Mexican Land Grants-The Township of Los Angeles-Immigrants and Immigrant Routes-The Sonoran Migration-A Job Lot of Immigrants-The Salt Lake Route-Ox Carts, Stages and Steamers-Passenger Rates and Bill of Fare on the Steamers-Landing Passengers- Bucking Sailors-Imports Greatly Exceeded Exports-Grapes the Principal Fruit-The First State Census- Slow Growth of the County in the '50s.
CHAPTER XLII.
GROWTH OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY AND CITY IN WEALTH AND POPULATION . 293 No Land Tax under Spanish and Mexican Rule-Salaries Small-And Revenue Ditto-The First County Assessment-One Small Book Contained it All-Expansive Territory but Lit- tle Wealth-Assessment of 1856-First Record of City Assessment-Assessment of 1866- No Increase in Wealth for Ten Years-Great Loss of Property in the Famine Years of 1863-1864-Land without Value-The Alamitos Rancho of 28,000 Acres Sold for $152 Delin- quent Taxes-Low Value of City Real Estate-Decline of the Cattle Industry-Second Great Drought Kills Sheep Industry-Real-Estate Boom of 1887-Rapid Rise in Values-
30
CONTENTS.
Depression and Decrease of Values Follow-The Table of Yearly Assessments Shows Peri- ods of Prosperity and Adversity-Yearly Assessments from 1851 to 1906 both Inclusive- City Assessment Combined with the County During First Decade-City Assessment from 1860 to 1906 both Inclusive-Banks of Los Angeles-Capital-Bank Clearances for Ten Years-Number of Buildings and Cost of Erection in Los Angeles City since 1900-Increase in Assessment Each Year Since 1900-Population as Shown by the School Census-Popu- lation of Los Angeles City by Decades Since its Founding-Population of the County of Los Angeles from 1850 to 1900-Vote of Los Angeles County at Presidential Elections 1856 to 1904 Inclusive.
CHAPTER XLIII.
MINING RUSHES AND REAL ESTATE BOOMS
298
But Few of the Argonauts of '49 Remained in Los Angeles County-First Discovery of Gold in California Made in Los Angeles County-The Kern River Gold Rush Brought Experienced Miners to Los Angeles-Prospecting in the Mountains of Los Angeles County- Santa Anita Placers-Mining on the San Gabriel River-Some Rich Strikes-El Dorado- ville the Mining Metropolis of San Gabriel-The Flood of 1859-Shipment of Gold Dust by Wells Fargo & Co .- Mining Boom on the Island of Santa Catalina-Queen City the Mining Metropolis of the Island-Many Claims Located-Collapse of the Boom-Govern- ment Takes Possession of the Island-The Great Real Estate Boom of 1887-That Boom a Turning Point in the History of Los Angeles-Great Financial Booms of the Past-No Spec- ulation in Real-Estate during Spanish and Mexican Rule in California-Dull Times after the Gold Rush of '49-Financial Depression of the Later '70s-Completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad Gives Los Angeles a New Outlet-Immigrants Coming-Causes that Pre- cipitated the Boom-Creation of New Towns-Completion of the Santa Fe Railroad-Wild Rush to Buy Lots-All Night Vigils-The Fate of the City of Gladstone-Phantom Cities of the Boom-Homberg's Famous Twin Cities-Carlton Nature's Rendezvous-Magnitude of Our Boom Compared with Other Great Financial Bubbles-Great Cities on Paper but Few Inhabitants-Methods of Advertising-Disappearance of the Professional Boomers- The Collapse of the Boom Gradual.
CHAPTER XLIV.
Los ANGELES CITY, FROM PUEBLO TO CIUDAD (FROM TOWN TO CITY)
306
Los Angeles a Pueblo for Fifty-Five Years-Raised to the Dignity of a Ciudad by the Mexican Congress-The Raise Made no Change in its Government-Area of the Pueblo- Narrow Streets and House Lots of All Shapes-Expansion of the Pueblo to Sixteen Leagues-No Written Titles to House Lots-Report of the Commissioners on Titles-Street Commissioners' Reports-Narrow Streets for Warm Countries-Squaring the Plaza-Pedro's Obstinacy Twists a Street-Ord's Plan of the City-His Terms for his Survey-Names of the Streets in Ord's Plan-Some Old Street Names-The Wickedest Street on Earth- Calle del Toro-Heroic Act-Adjustment of the Houses to the New Streets-The Passing of the Ayuntamiento-Act of the Legislature Incorporating the City.
CHAPTER XLV.
LOS ANGELES CITY-CONTINUED
The Evolution of a Metropolis-Act of the Legislature Incorporating the City Reduces its Area-First City Election-Names of the City Officers Elected-Sworn to Support the Constitution of the State of California, and yet There was no State-The First Council a
312
31
CONTENTS.
Patriotic Body-All Except one Member had been Citizens of Mexico-Some Early Ordi- nances-Selling Indian Prisoners-"Ordinance Relative to Public Washing"-Americaniz- ing the People a Difficult Task-The Indian a Disturbing Element-The Whipping Post for the Red Man-The United States Land Claims Commissions' Herculean Task-City Claims Sixteen Leagues-Hancock's Survey of the Pueblo Lands-Commission Gives the City Four Square Leagues-United States Patent Issued in 1875-City Donation Lots- Pueblo Lands Frittered Away-A Woeful Waste of a Royal Patrimony-The Huber Tract- City Prosperous in the Early 'sos-Reaction-Hard Times in the South-Dry Years and Dying Cattle-A Building Boom in 1859-The Telegraph Completed to Los Angeles in 1860- The Civil War Divides the People-Depression-Low Price of Lots and Acreage-Famine Years-Small-pox Epidemic-A Gleam of Light Penetrates the Financial Gloom-Passing of the Cattle Barons-Gas Introduced into the City-A High-priced Luxury-Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad Completed-The Pioneer Ice Factory-The First Bank-The First Street Railroad Franchise Granted-Subdivision of the Great Ranchos Benefits the City- Houses Numbered-Population of the City in 1870-Railroad Bond Issue of 1872-Rival Railroad Schemes and Rival Offers-Southern Pacific Wins-A Year of Disasters-The Drought of 1877 Kills the Sheep Industry-Population of the City in 1880-Hard Times Continue.
CHAPTER XLVI.
LOS ANGELES IN ITS SECOND CENTURY.
319
The Centennial Celebration of Los Angeles City-A Curious Blending of the Old and the New-An Ancient Belle-The 5th of September Celebrated Instead of the 4th-Modern Improvements not Much in Evidence-The City a Sea of Green-The City Beautiful- The Best Description Ever Written of Los Angeles at the End of Its First Century- B. F. Taylor's Prose Poem of the Angel City-Direct Connection with the East by Rail- road-Tourists Begin to Arrive by the New Route-Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe System Gives Los Angeles a Second Transcontinental Road-Cheap Fares Boom Travel-Tourists Delighted-Real-Estate Values Rise Rapidly-The Speculative Mania Infects Old Timers and New Comers-In One Hundred Years the Business Center Moved from the Plaza to First Street-The Demand During the Boom for Offices Drives it South-Sudden Rise in Rents- The First City Hall-The First Cable Railway-The First Electric Street Car Line Built, not a Success-City Lighted by Electricity-The Cable Railway System Begun-Passing of the Horse Car-First Oil Wells Within the City Limits Bored-The Oil Boom of 1899 and 1900-Fake Oil Companies-Cheap Oil Stock-The Belgian Hare Industry-The Fad Be- comes Epidemic-Sudden Collapse-But Little Advance in Real-Estate Prices in the Decade Between 1890-1900-H. E. Huntington Buys Controlling Interest in the Los Angeles Elec- tric System-Building of Interurban Electric Railways-Rapid Rise in Real-Estate Values- Increase in Building Permits and Value of Buildings Erected-Increase in City Assess- ments-Increase in Population from 1903 to 1906 Inclusive.
CHAPTER XLVII.
THE SCHOOLS OF LOS ANGELES CITY AND COUNTY.
Education in Los Angeles Under Spanish Rule-Luciano Valdez-The First Teacher Under Mexican Domination a Failure-School Master Morago a Success-Pantoja Asks for More Wages and Loses his Job-Fifteen Dollars a Month the Limit of the School Master's Pay- Don Ygnacio Coronel and his Daughter Soledad Improve School Methods-The Lancas- trian School of Lieutenant Medina-The School Master Paid in Merchandise-A Revolu- tion Closes the School-The First School for Girls-School Furniture and Expenses Under the Ayuntamiento's Rule-The First School Under American Control-The City Council a
326
32
CONTENTS.
School Board-The Schools Run on a Go-as-you-please System-The First School Ordi- nance-Free Schools-The Mayor the City Superintendent of Schools- The First School House Built Located on the Northwest Corner of Spring and Second Streets-Growing Shade Trees on the School Lot Under Difficulties-City School Superintendents from 1853 to 1906- The First Teacher's Institute-Public Schools Unpopular in the Early '60s- Los Angeles Behind Other Cities in Schools in the '70s-Separate Schools for Negro Chil- dren-Polytechnic High School-Non-Partisan School Board-School Bonds to the Amount of $780,000 Voted-High School Annex Built-County School Reports for Fifty Years- High Schools in the County.
CHAPTER XLVIII.
POSTAL SERVICE OF LOS ANGELES.
334
Postal Service of California Under the Rule of Spain-The Los Angeles Postoffice One Hundred Years Ago-Postal Service and Routes Under Mexico-Slow Mail Service-The First Mail Route Established After the Conquest-Act of Congress Establishing Postoffices in California-The Tub Postoffice at Los Angeles-Postmasters of Los Angeles-Locations of the Postoffice-The Soap Box Postoffice-Postmaster's Duties Light and Pay Lighter- The Stage Coach Era of Mail Carrying-The Butterfield Overland Stage Coach-The Los Angeles Postmaster's Salary in 1869-Postal Statistics in 1887-1890-Site of the Downey Block Donated to the Government for a Postoffice Site-Sale of the Site of the First Post- office Building-Demolition of the Building.
CHAPTER XLIX.
WATER SYSTEM OF LOS ANGELES.
338
The Los Angeles River the Sole Water Supply of the City-Its Water Rights Decreed by Royal Reglamento-First Community Work in the Pueblo-The Building of the Zanja Madre-The Indian the Ditch Builder-The Indian the Water Carrier-The First Water Pipe System-The Dryden Reservoir on the Plaza-Scrip and Water Bonds Issued to Build Distributing Water Works-Expensive Dam Built-Municipal Ownership an Expensive Bur- den-Water Works Leased to Sansevain-Water Works and Waters of the River Sold by the City Council-Mayor Vetoes the Ordinance-Water Works and the Waters of the Los Angeles River Leased for Thirty Years-Opposition to the Leasing-The Fountain on the Plaza-P Beaudry's Water System-The Canal and Reservoir Company's System-A Cen- tury of Litigation-The First Contest Over the Waters of the River Began in 1810-Trouble in 1833-The Regidores Allowed No Cloud to Rest on the City's Water Rights-Numerous Legal Contests over the City's Water Rights Under American Rule-Expiration of the Thirty Years' Lease to the Water Company-Refusal of the Company to Abide by the Award of the Arbitrators-The Council Agrees to Pay Nearly a Million Dollars More for the Plant than the Amount Awarded by the Arbitrators-Bonds Issued and City Gains Possession of the Water Plant-The Owens River Project-Originator of the Scheme-Its Esti- mated Cost.
CHAPTER L.
PIONEER CHURCHES OF LOS ANGELES CITY.
... 347
Early Records of the Protestant Churches not Preserved-The First Chapel Built in 1784- Cornerstone of a New Church Laid in 1814-Change of Location-Contributions of the Mission to the Building Fund of the Parish Church-Indians the Builders-The Church of Our Lady of the Angels Completed and Dedicated-Changes in the Building-Indians With-
33
CONTENTS.
out a Boss Rounded up to Repair the Building-Church of Our Lady of the Angels the Oldest Parish Church on the Pacific Coast of the United States-Cathedral of St. Vibiana- Cornerstone Laid October 3. 1869-Change of Location-Dedication of the Cathedral-Meth- odist Episcopal Churches-First Protestant Sermon Preached in Los Angeles Delivered by a Methodist Minister-Rev. Adam Bland First Protestant Missionary in Los Angeles- Contract for a Church Building that was not Built-The Field Abandoned in 1858-First Church Built in 1868-Account of its Dedication-First Methodist Church South Built in 1873-Changes of Location-Presbyterian Churches-Rev. James Woods the Pioneer Min- ister-Succeeded by the Rev. F. N. Davis-The Presbyterians Abandon the Field in 1856- A Period of Spiritual Darkness-The Rev. William E. Boardman comes in 1859-The First Protestant Society Organized-Its Constitution-The Building of a Protestant Church Be- gun-Rev. Boardman Leaves-Church Advertised for Sale on Account of Delinquent Taxes- Church Built on Corner of Fort and Second Streets-Church Sold and the Congregation Divides into two Organizations-Protestant Episcopal Churches-First Service Held in 1857- A Lay Reader Appointed-The Episcopalians Secure the Church Building of the First Protestant Society-The Building Sold and Church Built on Olive Street-Congregational Churches-Church Organized in 1867-Account of the Dedication-New Church Built on Corner of Third and Hill Streets-Baptist Churches-First Baptist Sermon Preached in 1853-First Church Organized in 1874-Church Built on Corner of Broadway and Sixth Streets in 1884-Christian Churches-First Service Held by a Member of the Christian Church in 1874-A Church Founded-The First Church Erected During the Rev. B. F. Coulter's Ministration-The Rev. B. F. Coulter Erects a Church at his Own Expense- Unitarian Churches-The First Unitarian Service was Held in 1877-Rev. Dr. Fay Holds Service in Child's Opera House-A Church Erected on the Corner of Broadway and Seventh Street-Destroyed by Fire-Jewish Synagogues-Other Denominations.
CHAPTER LI.
THE PIONEER NEWSPAPERS OF LOS ANGELES.
A History of the Newspapers That Have Been Published Twenty-five Years or More-No Newspapers in California Under Spain and Mexico-First Newspaper in California Pub- lished in 1846-Rapid Increase in Newspapers After the Discovery of Gold-Proposition to Publish a Newspaper in Los Angeles-Location of the First Printing Office-The First Issue of La Estrella de Los Angeles-Names of the Publishers-The First Job Done for the City-The Tribulations of a Pioneer Publisher-Change of Ownership-Burning Issues of the Early '50s-Pacific Railroad-Camel Caravans and Dromedary Express-Subscrip- tions Payable in Produce After Harvest-The Star for Sale at $1,000 Less Than Cost- Hard Times in the Old Pueblo-Henry Hamilton Becomes the Owner of the Star-The Star Sets in Darkness-After Four Years it Appears Again-The Daily Star Issued-The Star Ceases to Shine-The Southern Californian-The Second Paper of Los Angeles Issued in 1854-Frequent Changes of Owners-Suspends Publication in January. 1859-El Clamor Publico-The First Paper in Los Angeles Printed in Spanish-Suspends Publication Decem- ber 31, 1859-The Southern Vineyard Founded by Col. J. J. Warner-Becomes a Semi- Weekly-Suspends-The Los Angeles Daily and Weekly News-Established in January, 1860, as a Weekly-Changed to a Semi-Weekly-Then to a Tri-Weekly-Republican in Pol- itics-Changes to Democratic-The Daily News Issued January 1, 1869-The Paper Dies in 1873-The Wilmington Journal the First Paper Published Outside of Los Angeles City- The Plant of the Star Used for Its Publication-The News Gives it a Doubtful Compliment- The Los Angeles Express-The Oldest Newspaper Now Published in Los Angeles-Founded hy an Association of Practical Printers-Sold to Ayers & Lynch-Frequent Changes of Ownership-E. T. Earl buys It and Builds a Home for It-Los Dos Republicas-Originally La Cronica-An Influential Spanish Paper-Independent in Politics-The Daily and Weekly Herald-Founded in 1873 by C. A. Storke-Sold to a Stock Company-Organ of the Grange Movement-Ayers & Lynch Become Proprietors-The Leading Democratic Journal
354
34
CONTENTS.
of California-Sold to a Syndicate of Politicians-Frequent Changes of Ownership-The Herald Publishing Company Become Owners-Becomes Republican in Politics-Wallace L. Hardison, President of the Company-Sold Again to a Syndicate of Which Frank G. Fin- layson is President-Politics Changed Again-Now the Organ of the Democratic Party- The Rural Californian-Predecessor was Southern California Horticulturist-First Issue September, 1877-Los Angeles Weekly Mirror-The Los Angeles Daily Times-Date of Its Founding-Changes in Ownership-Increase of Capital Stock-Present Officers.
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