USA > California > A history of California and an extended history of its southern coast counties, also containing biographies of well-known citizens of the past and present, Volume I > Part 60
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THE LOS ANGELES EXPRESS.
The Los Angeles Express, the oldest daily
paper now published in Los Angeles, was found- ed March 27, 1871, by an association of prac- tical printers, comprising Jesse Yarnell, George Yarnell, George A. Tiffany, J. W. Paynter and Miguel Varela. It was Republican in politics, with Henry C. Austin, editor. The members of the association dropped out until, in 1873, only George A. Tiffany and J. W. Paynter were left ; James J. Ayers having taken the place of H. C. Austin as editor.
March 15, 1875, J. J. Ayers and Joseph D. Lynch purchased the paper from Tiffany & Co. The new firm enlarged the paper to eight col- umns and later in the year it was enlarged to nine columns to the page. On October 3, 1876, Mr. Lynch retired from the Express and took editorial charge of the Daily Herald; Ayers con- tinning in charge of the Express, which was virtually an evening edition of the Herald. In 1882 Governor Stoneman appointed Colonel Ayers state printer and Mr. Lynch, who had re- tained his interest in the Express, conducted both papers, but with separate editorial and local staffs. In 1884 H. Z. Osborne and E. R. Cleve- land bought the Express. In 1886 these gentle- men organized the Evening Express Company, an incorporation. J. Mills Davies became a stockholder and business manager of the com- pany. C. C. Allen, after completing his term of office as adjutant-general of the state, became a member of the Express Company. J. Mills Da- vies retired. In 1896 H. Z. Osborne was presi- dent of the company, C. C. Allen, vice-president, and E. R. Cleveland, secretary and treasurer. H. Z. Osborne was appointed United States Marshal of the Southern District in 1897 and C. D. Wil- lard became general manager of the paper. He was succeeded by J. B. Abell. In January, 1900, John M. Miller, W. A. Kelsey, Richard G. Beebe, William F. Botsford and Edwin B. Has- kell bought up the various interests represented in the old Evening Express Company and took charge of the paper. John M. Miller was elected president of the new firm; W. A. Kelsey, vice- president and general manager; and Richard G. Beebe, secretary. In 1900 E. T. Earl bought the Express, and erected a three-story brick build- ing for the publication and offices of the paper on Fifth street, between Broadway and Hill street.
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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.
The Erpress plant, which has had many stopping places in the thirty-two years of its existence, finally took possession of a home of its own. The price of the paper has recently been re- duced to one cent a copy.
LOS DOS REPUBLICAS.
Los Dos Republicas (The Two Republics), successor to La Cronica, was established June 2, 1872, by M. S. Arevalo and B. F. Teodoli, B. F. Ramirez, editor. Ramirez retired shortly after the paper was founded, and was succeeded by E. F. de Celis. Under his editorship the paper became the most influential journal published in the Spanish language in the state. In the year 1880 Mr. Arevalo organized the La Cronica Publishing Company-a joint stock association. Mr. Teodoli withdrew from the company, and after a time the stockholders leased the paper to Pastor de Celis and Miguel J. Varela. From them its management passed to Cordona Broth- ers, then to E. F. de Celis, next to S. A. Corona and from him to Thomas Temple. Temple shortly before his death, in 1892, sold it to A. J. Flores, who changed its name to its present form. It is devoted to general news, independent in politics and religion.
THE DAILY AND WEEKLY HERALD.
The Daily and Weekly Herald was founded by C. A. Storke, now an attorney in Santa Bar- bara. The first number appeared October 3. 1873. Mr. Storke conducted the paper until August, 1874, when he sold it to a stock com- pany, the membership of which was largely made up of grangers or patrons of husbandry. The paper ·was edited and managed by J. M. Bassett in the interest and as the organ of the Grange. With the decline of the patrons their organ was sold, J. D. Lynch, who had retired from the Erpress, becoming editor and publisher of the Herald. He continued to edit and manage the paper until the fall of 1886, when he sold a half interest to Col. James J. Ayers. Ayers and Lynch were old time newspaper men and made the Herald the leading Democratic journal of Southern California, if not of the state. In October, 1894, Lynch and Ayers sold the Herald to a syndicate of leading Democratic politicians.
Next year it was sold to Jolin Bradbury. Brad- bury, after sinking considerable money in the venture, discovered that he was not cut out for a newspaper man and disposed of his burden. In 1895 W. R. Creighton was editor-in-chief. In 1896 William A. Spalding became business man- ager of the Herald Company. He retired early in 1900 and was succeeded by Randolph H. Miner.
On the 7th of July, 1900, the Herald was sold to a syndicate composed largely of men inter- ested in the petroleum industry. Its publication was conducted, as formerly, under the Herald Publishing Company. The officers of the com- pany were: Wallace L. Hardison, president and general manager; H. G. James, manager; Guy L. Hardison, vice-president and secretary ; W. Benjamin Scott, treasurer ; R. H. Hay Chapman, managing editor. The politics of the paper was changed from Democratic to Republican by the new managers. The Herald was enlarged and greatly improved in its typographical appearance by its new owners. Its motto was "No enemies to punish-no special friends to serve."
In 1904 the Herald was sold to a syndicate which continues its publication under the title of the Los Angeles Herald Company, of which company Frank G. Finlayson is president ; Rob- ert M. Yost, editorial manager ; S. H. Laverty, business manager. It experienced another change in its political affiliations. It is now the organ of the Democratic party.
THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN.
The predecessor of this illustrated monthly magazine was the Southern California Horticult- urist, the first number of which was issued in September, 1877, at Los Angeles, by the South- ern California Horticultural Society, L. M. Holt, editor. Its columns were devoted to the interests of horticulture and agriculture. The size of the magazine then was 6x9 inches. In January, 1880, Carter & Rice obtained control of it and published it under the caption of Semi-Tropic California and Southern California Horticultur- ist. The size of the page was enlarged to 9x12 inches. Carter retired after the third issue and George Rice obtained sole control of it. He changed the name to its present form. In 1881
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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.
he sold it to Coleman & Dickey. They conducted it about a year, when Dickey died. Rice bought it of Coleman, and in 1883 sold it to Fred L. Alles. Charles A. Gardner bought a half inter- est and for a time the firm was Alles & Gardner, while later Gardner' became its sole owner until George Rice again came into possession of it. In 1891 it passed into the hands of C. M. Heintz, who still conducts it.
LOS ANGELES WEEKLY MIRROR.
The first number of the Weekly Mirror ap- peared February 1, 1873. It was a small sheet IOX13 inches, four pages and three columns to the page. It was published every Saturday by Yarnell & Caystile, and distributed free. March I, 1873, William M. Brown became a partner and the firm name was changed to Yarnell, Cay- stile & Brown. In 1875 the Mirror was en- larged to a twenty-four column sheet 17x22 inches, its subscription price being $1 per year. Brown retired from the firm on account of ill- health. In August, 1880, S. J. Mathes came into the firm and the paper was enlarged to an eight column paper, 24×38 inches; subscription price, $2 per year ; S. J. Mathes, editor. After the Daily Times was started, in December, 1881, the Mirror became practically the weekly edition of the former, but retained its original name.
THE LOS ANGELES DAILY TIMES.
The first number of the Daily Times was issued December 4, 1881, Cole & Gardiner (Nathan Cole and James Gardiner), publishers. It was a seven column folio. Gardiner retired with the first issue and Cole continued the publication until January 1, 1882, when he sold the paper to the publishers of the Weekly Mirror, Yarnell, Caystile & Mathes, who continued its publica- tion as a Republican morning journal. Immi- gration had set in from the northwestern states, which were then as now strongly Republican. This brought a change in the political complex-
ion of Los Angeles and made the successful pub- lication of a Republican journal possible. In April it was enlarged to eight columns and in July to nine columns to the page. August I, 1882, Col. H. G. Otis became a partner in the firm and editor of the Daily Times and of its weekly issue, the Mirror. On the 22d of May, 1883, A. W. Francisco bought Mr. Yarnell's in- terest and in the following October was made business manager, a position which he filled until his retirement itt 1884. Mr. Mathes retired from the firm to engage in other pursuits. In Septen- ber, 1884, the paper was again enlarged and the telegraphic service increased. In October of the same year the Times-Mirror Company was in- corporated with a capital stock of $40,000, which was increased in 1886 to $60,000 for the purpose of erecting the Times building on the northeast corner of Broadway and First street. In April, 1886, the Times-Mirror Company was reorgan- ized, Albert McFarland and William A. Spald- ing acquiring stock in the company. The former was elected vice-president and the latter secre- tary, Col. H. G. Otis being elected president. In September, 1886, Charles F. Lummis ac- quired an interest, and in August, 1887, L. E. Mosher became a member of the company. In March, 1888, Col. C. C. Allen bought an interest and was elected vice-president. He was appoint- ed adjutant-general of the state by Governor Markham, and severed his connection with the paper. William A. Spalding also retired from the company.
In 1897 Harry Chandler, who had been con- nected with the paper a number of years, be- came business manager, and during General Otis's service in the Philippine war had full charge of the business part of the paper. The present officers of the Times-Mirror Company are H. G. Otis, president and general manager ; Harry Chandler, vice-president and assistant general manager; Albert McFarland, treasurer ; Marian Otis-Chandler, secretary.
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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.
CHAPTER LII.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.
U NDER Spanish and Mexican rule there residence." "To put up a new building on this were no collegiate institutions of learning plat (so he says in his petition) would result in closing up a quadrangle which would be a very good thing for two reasons: First, as an im- provement to the Plaza, adding to its symmetry ; second, as a convenience to the clergymen who are to teach in it, as well as to the pupils, on account of its proximity to the church." nor any church schools founded by the dominant church in Los Angeles. What little was done in the way of education was done through the public schools supported by muni- cipal funds. A change of rulers seems to have effected a change of sentiment in regard to the necessity of educating the youth of the city, for .shortly after the acquisition of California by the United States we find in the city archives peti- tions to the ayuntamiento from Catholic clergy- men for tracts of land on which to build church schools.
At the session of June 9, 1849, a petition was received for a tract of unappropriated pueblo lands for a college, from the Bishopric of Cali- fornia, signed by Reverend Fathers Sebastian Bongronvanni, Juan Crissostomo Olvien and An- tonio Jimenez del Recio.
The ayuntamiento resolved "That the Holy See of California be granted from amongst the municipal lands of this city and adjoining the cañada which leads to the San Francisco road, a square lot measuring 150 varas on each of its sides, subject to the following conditions : First, this land cannot be sold, transferred or hypothe- cated directly or indirectly ; second, the building erected thereon shall at all times serve the sole and exclusive purpose of public instruction." This tract lies immediately north of College street and west of Buena Vista street. College street took its name from this tract.
This he does "for the sake of the youth of the city who could be made educated citizens and good Catholics, but who receive no other instruction now than the sad example of rus- ticity and loose morals." He will establish "a primary school principally to teach the duties of Catholicism, and shall do all that within my power lies to impart primary instruction; and what is more needed, to teach the duties of our religion, towards which my compassion particu- larly draws me." At the meeting of June 15, 1850, the council granted the land for the pur- pose indicated in the petition.
ST. VINCENT'S COLLEGE.
The first collegiate institution founded in Los Angeles was St. Vincent's College. The corner stone of the college building was laid in August, 1866, on the block bounded by Sixth, Seventh, Fort and Hill streets. The first building was two stories high, with an attic and basement; the main building was 40x80 feet on the ground, with an extensive wing at each end. This build- ing was completed in 1867.
The college was erected under the auspices of the Fathers of the St. Vincent de Paul Mission, and a staff of professors was secured from the Atlantic states and Europe with a view to mak- ing the curriculum as thorough as possible. The curriculum included not only scientific and clas- sical courses of study, but also a full commercial course. The first executive officers were Father and Father Richardson, treasurer.
At the same meeting a grant of 150 varas square in the southeastern part of the town was made to the Sisters of Charity to establish a con- vent and school, on the same conditions as in the grant named above. At the meeting of the ayun- tamiento, in May, 1850, a petition was received from the Rev. Father Antonio Maria Jimenez del Recio "For the, plat of ground in the angle . McGill, president; Father Flynn, vice-president ; forming an elbow with the church and parochial
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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.
In 1884 the building was remodeled and en- larged, and an additional story added. Early in 1887, during the boom, the college grounds and buildings at Sixth street were sold for $100,000 and a new site purchased on the corner of Wash- ington street and Grand avenue. Commodious college buildings were erected on these grounds. The institution is ably conducted, and many of its graduates have obtained distinction in the different professions.
Military instruction has recently been intro- duced into the college. Cadet companies have been formed and regular drill is given in mili- tary tactics. The cadets wear a neat and tasteful uniform. The college has a high reputation for thoroughness in both literary and military in- struction.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTIIERN CALIFORNIA.
This is the oldest Protestant educational insti- tution in Southern California. The idea of building up a university in Los Angeles origi- nated with Judge R. M. Widney. He consulted with the Rev. A. M. Hough, E. F. Spence, Dr. J. P. Widney, Rev. M. M. Bovard and G. D. Compton. It was decided to attempt the build- ing of a Methodist college or university in or near Los Angeles. As soon as their design was known they received offers of land in East Los Angeles, Boyle Heights, Temple street and West Los Angeles. A majority of the trustees de- cided in favor of West Los Angeles. July 29, 1879, J. G. Downey, O. W. Childs and I. W. Hellman deeded to A. M. Hough, J. P. Widney, E. F. Spence, M. M. Bovard, G. D. Compton and R. M. Widney, 308 lots in the West Los An- geles tract, in trust as an endowment fund for the University of Southern California. In addi- tion to the lots about forty acres of land were donated by owners of adjacent tracts. In 1880 thirty of the lots were put on sale. Their market value probably did not exceed $50, but the friends of the institution took them at $200 each. The place selected for the site of the college buildings and the campus is on Wesley avenue near Jef- ferson street.
From the proceeds of the sale of the lots a frame building, now used for a music hall, was erected. At the time of locating the institution
at West Los Angeles the tract of land donated was covered with tall wild mustard stalks, the streets were undefined except by stakes and there were no houses near. In August, 1880, Revs. M. M. and F. D. Bovard entered into a contract with the trustees to carry on the educa- tional work of the institution for five years. The Rev. M. M. Bovard was elected president. A small endowment was secured partly from the sale of lots and partly from gifts. In 1886 the present four-story college building was erected and the school moved into it. The college soon began to branch out. In 1882 Messrs. George and William B. Chaffey, the founders of the Ontario Colony, made a tender of a deed of trust to a large body of land for a Chaffey col- lege of agriculture of the university.
The corner stone of a brick college building was laid at Ontario, San Bernardino county, in March, 1883, and in 1885 the school was opened as a branch of the University of Southern Cali- fornia and was conducted for several years as a preparatory school.
The College of Medicine of the University of Southern California was founded in 1885, by Dr. J. P. Widney. The school was opened in a building on Aliso street, where it was conducted until 1897, when it removed to a building of its own located on the west side of Buena Vista. This fine three-story building is constructed on plain architectural lines, but presenting withal a neat exterior. The college is well conducted and ranks high among medical schools.
During the year 1906 a library building, the gift of Dr. W. Jarvis Barlow, a member of the faculty, was built on Buena Vista street just op- posite the central building of the medical school. It is of a beautiful design and is absolutely fire- proof. It is surmounted by a glass dome which admits abundant light. The library and building are owned by the college and under the control of the faculty. The medical profession of South- ern California have access to the library.
The Maclay College of Theology was estab- lished in 1885, at San Fernando. Hon. Charles Maclay donated about $150,000 worth of lands as an endowment and erected a building for its use. The school was closed at San Fernando in
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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.
1893 and opened at the university in West Los Angeles in October, 1894.
The University includes the following colleges, each of which has a distinct faculty of instruc- tion : College of Liberal Arts, College of Med- icine, College of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry, College of Law, College of Music, College of Oratory, College of Fine Arts at Garvanza.
The productive endowment is nearly $400,000. The total assets of the University are about $750,- 000. The institution is not sectarian, but it is under the general control of the Southern Cal- ifornia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. During the year 1905 more than $50,- 000 were spent on buildings and improvements on the ten-acre campus in West Los Angeles.
POMONA COLLEGE.
Pomona College, located at Claremont, thir- ty-six miles east of Los Angeles, was founded by the General Association of the Congregational Churches of Southern California. The college was incorporated October 14, 1887. Several propositions for a college site were presented to the association. The most suitable location seemed to be a tract of land about four miles north of Pomona City.' The following January, Rev. C. B. Sumner was appointed financial sec- retary. He secured plans for a central build- ing and the corner stone was laid. The first term of the school was opened in September, 1888, in a rented house at Pomona. Messrs. G. H. Fuller- ton, E. F. Kingman and F. A. Miller, of River- side, and H. A. Palmer, of Pomona, before the close of this term presented to the college a hall, together with a number of lots at Claremont, which thus became the permanent location of the preparatory school, and the second term of school work was opened in this hall. The first pres- ident, Rev. Cyrus C. Baldwin, was elected in July, 1890. In April, 1892, it was decided to abandon the original college site and to bring the college and preparatory school together per- manently at Claremont. The same year Holmes hall was built. It was erected as a memorial to Cyrus W. Holmes, Jr., by his wife and daugh- ter. It contains a reading room, faculty rooms, art room, chapel, society hall and recitation rooms for the classical and English departments. Pear-
son's Hall of Science is a donation from Dr. D. K. Pearsons, of Chicago. It is a building 60x90 feet, two stories high, with a basement. In this building are the biological department, the de- partment of physics, the chemical department, the astronomical and mathematical equipments and the library. The hall was dedicated in Jan- uary, 1899. Sumner hall is devoted to the use of the young lady students as a dormitory. Pres- ident Baldwin resigned in July, 1897, and was succeeded the following January by Rev. Frank L. Ferguson, who was succeeded in turn by Rev. George A. Gates, D. D., LL. D., who is the pres- ent president. The first class was graduated in 1894. The college has three courses of study that lead to Bachelor's degree-classical, literary and scientific.
Among the new improvements made to the college equipment is the Renwick gymnasium. Mrs. Helen Goodwin Renwick, in the memory of her husband, contributed the larger part of its cost. The remainder was subscribed or solic- ited by the students of the college. It is fur- nished with all the apparatus necessary for training in physical exercise.
Adjoining the gymnasium is a building con- taining lockers, showers and other equipment for the special use of athletic teams. In the year 1905, Nathan W. Blanchard of Santa Paula gave to the college sixty-five acres adjoining the col- lege campus proper on the east for a park and recreation grounds. The grounds have been thrown open to the public and drives have been made through them. These grounds are covered with oaks, sycamores and a variety of California shrubs. The new park with the grounds adjacent to the 'college buildings form a continuous cam- pus of nearly one hundred acres.
Actuated by the hope of widening its influence and building up a great educational institution the trustees of Pomona College in 1905 voted unanimously to invite the Baptists and the Dis- ciples of Southern California to join them in col- lege work. These two denominations have no collegiate institutions of their own in the south- ern part of the state.
The Baptists appointed a committee which has ' signified its approbation of the union. The ques- tion awaits the decision of the general body of
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the church. The Disciples at the annual meet- ing in Long Beach in August, 1906, without a dissenting voice, accepted the invitation to unite. They appointed a committee of conference con- sisting of the following-named gentlemen: C. C. Chapman of Fullerton, John Fleming of San Diego, W. L. Porterfield of Long Beach, Rev. A. C. Smithers of Los Angeles and the Rev. F. M. Dowling of Pasadena. The Baptists and the Disciples each will appoint five of their members on the board of trustees. Further details of the union are to be arranged.
The college has made a rapid growth in the past four years. In 1902 the number of students in the college classes was 104; in 1906 the num- ber was 212. The income from tuition fees in 1902 was $10,500, in 1906 it was $23,500. The annual expenditures in 1902 were about $24,000, in 1906 about $50,000.
OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE.
Occidental College was founded in 1887 by an association of ministers representing Presby- terian Churches of Los Angeles and vicinity. Its first location was just east of the city, between First and Second streets. A number of lots and some acreage were donated to it. In 1888 a fine three-story brick structure was erected for the main college building. School was opened in 1888. Rev. L. H. Weller, president. He was suc- ceeded in the presidency by Prof. J. M. McPher- ron. In 1896 the building and nearly all its con- tents were destroyed by fire. After this the school for several months was carried on in the Boyle Heights Presbyterian Church; from there it was removed to the old St. Vincent College building on Hill street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, where it was conducted for two years. After considerable delay a new location was se- cured at Highland Park, about midway between Los Angeles and Pasadena. Here in 1898 a com- modious and attractive building was built and the classes transferred to it in September, 1898. Rev. Guy W. Wadsworth was president of the institution at that time.
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