USA > California > Los Angeles County > An illustrated history of Los Angeles County, California. Containing a history of Los Angeles County from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also of prominent citizens of to-day > Part 14
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The quarrel between Kearny and Stockton became open on the 16th, when the former ordered Stockton either to show his authority from the Government or take no further action
in relation to a civil organization. Stockton declined to obey the General's order, on the ground that the conquest had been completed and the eivil government put in operation be- fore his arrival. IIe also suspended Kearny from the command of troops conferred on him at San Diego, as he had the right to do so far as sailors and marines were concerned. Kearny then ordered Frémont to make no changes in his battalion, which order Frémont declined to obey, on the ground that he had received his appointment from Stockton, and that on his arrival at Los Angeles Kearny had recognized Stockton as the commander, and Frémont further advised Kearny that he would receive orders only from Stockton. At a private interview the next day Kearny offered to make Frémont Governor if he would take his side of the con- troversy, which offer he honorably refused to accept. Kearny, finding his authority ignored by Stockton and Fremont, and having no troops with which to enforce his orders, on the 18th started for San Diego with his dragoons.
On the 29th Lieutenant-Colonel Philip St. George Cook arrived at San Diego with the Mormon battalion 300 strong, and reported to General Kearny, who stationed them at San Luis Rey, to await further developments. Kearny then sailed on the Cyane, January 31, and reached Monterey, February 8. Here he found Commo- dore W. B. Shnbrick, who had arrived January 22, in the Independence, to succeed Stockton in command of the Pacific squadron. Shubrick recognized Kearny's authority as military Com- mander-in-chief and disapproved of Stockton's act in organizing a civil government.
February 12 positive orders were received from Washington that the senior officer of the land forces should be the civil Governor; and accordingly, on the 1st of March Shubrick issued a circular in which Kearny was an- nounced as Governor, and Monterey named as the capital, and Lieutenant-Colonel Cook was made Military Commandante of the Southern District, with headquarters at Los Angeles. Frémont was ordered to deliver in person at
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HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
Monterey all public documents under his con- trol appertaining to the government of Califor- nia. This was when he made his famous ride from Los Angeles to Monterey, a distance of about 400 miles, March 22-25, and back to Los Angeles by the 29th, traveling over 800 miles in eight and a half days, being continuously in the saddle for about 100 hours. IIe was ac- companied by his faithful friend Jesus Pico, and Jacob Dodson.
March 23, 1847, Lieutenant-Colonel Cook arrived from San Luis Rey with the dragoons and four companies of the Mormon battalion.
Colonel R. B. Mason arrived at Los Angeles April 7 from Monterey, as inspector of troops and to settle any accounts against the Govern- ment. The feelings between Mason and Fre- mont were not the best; and on the 14th, when they had a conversation in regard to some horses, Mason was offended at Fremont's lan- gnage and said, " None of your insolence, sir, or I will put yon in irons." On Fremont being informed that Mason would hold himself re sponsible for these words, he sent Major Read- ing with a demand for an apology, followed on refusal by a challenge to a dnel. Mason accepted the same evening, and double-barreled shot-guns were chosen as the weapons; but the next day Mason annonneed the necessity of postponing the duel until they should meet at Monterey, for which place he started two days later. The intended dnel, however, was prevented by Kearny's positive orders.
May 9, 1847, General Kearny arrived at Los Angeles, having come to San Pedro from Mon- terey on the Lexington, and was accompanied by Colonel Jonathan D. Stevenson, with companies E and G of the New York Volunteers. Cook resigned as Commander of the Southern District, and was succeeded by Colonel Stevenson. Kearny returned to Monterey, and Fremont followed him. May 31 Kearny left Monterey for the East, taking Frémont with him, under military orders. ITis subsequent court-martial at Wash- ington are matters of national history.
March 24 the Mormon battalion was set to
work building a fort on the hill, at a point where is now the intersection of Rock and Fort streets; and on July 15 all the Mormons were mustered ont by Lieutenant Smith, having refused an offer of discharge on condition of enlisting for five years as dragoons; and on the 20th one company of Mormon volunteers was mustered into the service as volunteers for the additional term of six months. On the 25th they started for San Diego, where they served their time.
An unusual degree of interest attaches itself to the history of the New York Volunteers, which was organized in 1846 by Colonel Jona- than D. Stevenson. A part of them sailed from New York Harbor September 26, 1846, in three different ships, followed a few months later by the remainder of the regiment, in three more vessels. It required 180 days to make the voyage, by way of Cape Horn. Company E, which was stationed at Los Angeles, was re- cruited by Nelson Taylor, Thomas II. Ferris and William E. Cutrell, who were, upon its organ- ization, elected, and subsequently commissioned Captain and First and Second Lientenants. This company was formed principally from the east side of New York City, while many came from the Ninth Ward on the west side. Part of the company came on the ship Thomas II. Perkins and part on the transport Brutus. The com- pany remained at Los Angeles till September 18, 1848, when it was mnstered out of service. The following is a list of its members, as taken from Francis D. Clark's history of the regi- ment:
COMPANY E. Survivors, 1883.
Captain Nelson Taylor, South Norwalk, Conn. Lieutenant Edward Williams, Oakland.
Corporal William Boyers, San Francisco.
Ezekiel Bnlloek, San Francisco.
Castor Briggs, San Francisco.
John A. Bartlett, Cambridgeport, Mass. George W. Canfield, Philadelphia, Pa. George J. Graff, San Francisco,
Isaac C. Johnson, Astoria, Oregon.
George W. M. Leonard, New York City. Sergeant Jolin M. O'Neil, San Francisco.
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HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
John II. Welsh, New York City. Henry J. Wohlgemuth, San Francisco.
Supposed to be Living.
Anthony W. Lowery was at San Francisco in 1878; Elijah Snyder was at Trenton, New Jersey, in 1875; and Alexander Sonervoit was in Los Angeles in 1877.
Whereabouts Unknown.
Corp'l Henry Ackley, Burnett Legare,
J. C. Burton, Musician, James Linton,
Charles D. Blair,
James McGill,
William Baxter,
Win. II. Mitchell,
Washington Brusle,
Ludłam Morrison,
Charles Brown, John H. Moore,
Henry Bogart, Thomas Murphy,
Robert Buckle, Win. G. McGranaghan,
Franklin Ball,
Alexander Owens,
Benjamin Barry, Jacob Olstay,
Timothy Baldwin,
Charles Perkins,
Corporal L. M. Calder, Edward Parker,
George Clark,
James Plunkett,
Henry T. Chichester,
Win. Plummer,
James Deas, James Richards,
Jacob Driehen,
John W. Ramsey,
Eli B. Forbes,
Samuel Roberts,
Alfred Foley,
John M. Smith,
Edward Golden,
John S. Swarts,
Mortimer J. Hamlin,
Lewis Snitter, Garrett Stack,
James Henry,
Walter Hutcheon,
John Vorhees,
Thomas Hearn,
William Vinson,
John C. Hitchcock,
Win. Winnie,
Benj. F. Humphrey,
John Hall,
Moses White, John Wylie,
George W. Jamieson,
Archibald Waddell,
Charles M. Kintring, A. J. Kennersly,
Philip Wafenback,
John A. Lambert,
Deceased.
Lieutenant William E. Cutrell, San Francisco, May 28, 1868.
Lieutenant Thomas L. Vermule, San José.
Jackson Brusle, Contra Costa County, Feb- ruary 14, 1854.
Nicholas Blair, Los Angeles, September 26, 1855.
Charles H. Bartlett, SanFrancisco, May 15, 1881.
Joseph Brockee, drowned in Stanislaus River, March, 1849.
Nathan B. Dey, Los Angeles, July 7, 1848. Peter Earle, Sacramento, January 12, 1871. Patrick Ford, killed by Rogue River Indians in 1866.
William H. Legare, Los Angeles, December 9, 1847.
Louis Mark, date and place unknown.
Thomas Meehan, killed by a steamboat ex- plosion on the San Joaquin River, October 19, 1853.
Dennis Meehan, killed at Stockton in the fall of 1849.
Lewis Parker, date and place unknown.
John Taylor, New York, April 28, 1879.
Andrew Thaffer, San Francisco, May 3, 1879. Jacob Van Pelt, San Francisco, November 15, 1849.
James T. Campbell, San Francisco, 1853.
John B. Kiernan, Stockton, California, 186 -.
Burnett Legare, at sea, 1866.
George McPherson, Morrisania, New York, February 20, 1869.
James McManus, San Francisco, 1852.
Charles McMillan, San Francisco, 186 -.
Henry S. Morton, Stockton, California, 1854.
Lieutenant Thomas L. Vermule, Stockton, California, May 7, 1856.
John Milliken, Santa Clara County, about 1878.
Walter Hutcheon, Brooklyn, New York, February 15, 1880.
Sergeant Abraham Van Riper, on the Mokel- umne River, in the winter of 1848-'49.
COMPANY G.
This company was organized under the di- rection of Matthew R. Stevenson, a son of the Colonel, to which he was subsequently elected Captain, and made the voyage to San Francisco in the ship Thomas H. Perkins. On the 3d of April, in company with D, E and I, he sailed for Monterey, in the United States store-ship, Lexington. In May this and Company E re-embarked in the Lexington for San Pedro, taking post at Los Angeles, the headquarters of the regiment, where Company G remained until they were discharged from the service, September 18, 1848.
Survivors, 1883.
Lieutenant John McH. Hollingsworth, George- town, D. C.
Edward Yeamans.
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
Lieutenant Jeremiah Sherwood, New York City.
James H. Adams, San Francisco.
Frederic Jantzen, San Francisco.
John Kleinshooth, Germany.
Thomas Nisbitt, Scott River, Siskiyou County. E. D. Shirland, Auburn, Placer County.
John Schumaker, Los Angeles.
Charles Schroter, San Francisco.
Adolph Pfiester, San José.
Augustus Tieroff, San Francisco.
Thomas J. Wells, New York City.
Robert Wilson, Vallejo.
Supposed to be Living.
llerman Chaqueth was at San Francisco in 1874.
Frederick Coyan was at Vallejo in 1874.
Corporal James Y. Falkner was in Oregon in 1878.
Francis Freshe was at San Francisco in 1874. John II. Stevens was at Stockton in 1874 ..
Whereabouts Unknown.
Frederic Boinger,
Joseph P. Lynch, Corpl.
Titus Bennett,
Francis Linder,
Emile Burgeman,
Alex. B. Malcolm.
John Connell, Sergt.,
Herman Montriel.
Patrick Caultfield,
Edward Miller.
David Canltfield,
Valentine Miller,
John Clark,
Charles Miller,
James Cummings
Joseph Mark, William McDonald,
James A. Colgan,
Charles Copenger,
John Myers,
Otto Corning,
Emil Cuvellier,
Charles Osborne,
Max William Pfeiffer,
James Phillips,
Thomas J. West, date and place unknown.
Charles A. Webster (2d), at Los Angeles, Angust 17, 1847.
George Wort, at San Francisco, April 5, 1847. Philip Farr, at Dutch Flat, California.
James Fitzsimmons, James T. Goodwill, Matthew (). Hanton,
George Robinson, Sergt. Emanuel Swab,
Gustaff Shislylind, Mus.
George Jackson, Sergt., Frederic Shultze, George Jackson, 2d " Fred. Johnson, Corp. John Jones, Ilenry Siltzer, Ernest Schimer, Charles Saxton, Walter Taylor, Sergt.,
Julins Kaufman,
William A. Fennedy, Lewis Kurtz,
Michael T'inkerman,
Truman Upson,
Ileury Lawrence, Mus. John Vallely, Augustns Lipper,
James Warren,
Martin DeLong, William Wells, Ileury Lewis, William M. Wheeler, Charles A. Webster (1st.)
Deceased.
Captain Matthew R. Stevenson, at Sackett Harbor, January 2, 1863.
Allen Andrews, at Los Angeles, December 9, 1847.
Thomas Bosque, at Los Angeles, Angust 7, 1847.
Vincent Bultice, date and place unknown.
Charles C. Grinnell, date and place unknown. Jerome Ilart, at Shasta, February 4, 1852.
William Hopper, at Los Angeles, July 12, 1847.
Robert Hammer, at Spanish Bar, American River, 1849.
James Mechan, Sergeant, killed at Los An- geles, 185 -.
William B. Osbourn, at Los Angeles, July 31, 1867.
Lieutenant Jeremiah Sherwood, New York City, March 14, 1883.
John Sullivan, at San Luis Ray, August 25, 1848.
William B. Travers, Sergeant, at Los An- geles, December 10, 1847.
Francois Thorner, at Los Angeles, July 31, 1848.
HI. II. F. Toye, at Grenada, Nicaragua, 1856. Angustus Tittle, at San Francisco, February 1,1868.
Henery Uhrbrook, at Santa Clara, 1875.
James Vanderboeck, at San Francisco, Sep- tember 23, 1849.
Cortey Constock, John Dunne,
John Ruth,
William Russell,
John M. Rose,
Jacob Reishi,
James Rowan,
The first Fourth of July celebration in Los Angeles was held according to the following order:
HEADQUARTERS SOUTHERN MILITARY DISTRICT, CIUDAD DE LOS ANGELES, July 2, 1847.
Order No. 1 .- The anniversary of the birth- day of American Independence will be cele- brated at this port in a manner as worthy of the occasion as our means will adınit, and if we can- not greet its return by a display of as much pomp and. ceremony as will no doubt be made at many ports within our native land, we will
Thomas Dooley,
Augustus Diddleson,
Alfred Edmonson, John Euth, George Eaton,
Charles Northman,
85
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
be unsurpassed by a proper demonstration of that pure, heartfelt joy which should animate the heart of every lover of freedom and free in- stitutions throughout the civilized world upon the happy return of this glorious day.
At sunrise a Federal salute will be fired from the field-work on the hill which commands this town, and for the first time from this point the American standard will be displayed.
At 10 o'clock every soldier at this post will be under arms. The detachment of the Seventh Regiment of New York Volunteers and the First Regiment of United States Dragoons (dismounted) will be marched to the field-work on the hill, under the command of their senior officers present, when, together with the Mor- mon battalion, the whole will be formed at 11 o'clock, A. M. into a hollow square, when the Declaration of Independence will be read.
At the close of this ceremony the field-works will be dedicated and appropriately named, and at 12 o'clock a national salute will be fired, which will close the ceremonies of the day.
Lieutenant Smith, commanding detachment of United States Dragoons, will canse a proper detail to be made from his command to fire the salute.
The field-work at this post having been planned, and the work conducted entirely by Acting Assistant Quartermaster Davidson, of the First Regiment Dragoons, he is requested to hoist upon it, for the first time, on the morn- ing of the Fourth, the American standard.
It is the custom of our country to confer on its fortifications the name of some distinguished individual who has rendered important services to his country, either in the councils of the nation or on the battle-field. The commandant has therefore determined, unless the Depart- inent of War shall otherwise direct, to confer upon the field-work crected at the port of Los Angeles the name of one who was regarded by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance as a perfect specimen of an American officer, and whose character for the reputation he had acquired in the field for his gallantry as an officer and soldier, and his life was sacrificed in the conquest of this Territory at the battle of San Pasqual. The commander directs that from and after the 4th instant it shall bear the name of Moore.
Circumstances over which we have no con- trol have prevented the command at this port being completely uniformed, but each officer and
soldier will appear on the Fourth with the perfect equipments of his corps as far as he has them; and most perfect cleanliness, as well in arms and accoutrements as in person, will be required of all. Each department will be minutely in- spected before assembling on the hill.
By order of
COL. J. D. STEVENSON, J. C. BONNYCASTLE, First Lieut. and Adjt.
Stephen C. Foster translated the Declaration of Independence into the Spanish language, and the Mexicans here thus heard it for the first time.
July 17, 1848, Pio Pico arrived at San Gabriel, on his return from Sonora, without a passport. Going to San Fernando he sum- moned J. M. Covarrubias, his former secretary, and on the 22d addressed official letters to both Stevenson and Mason (now acting Governor) informing them that he came in consequence of the armistice of February 29, as the Mexican Governor of California, to establish in the towns of this Territory the benefits of said armistice, and ask for the issuing of corresponding orders to carry his mission into effect. Colonel Stevenson referred the matter to Governor Mason, and gave him to understand that he must abstain from conversation tending to foment discontent. Pico then went to his ranch at Santa Margarita, to await Mason's reply. The reply came in the form of an order of arrest, and Pico was imprisoned a short time at Los Angeles, but was released August 8, when news came of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which was concluded February 22 and ratified at Washington March 10, and at Queré- tero May 30, thus putting an end to the war, and giving California to the United States.
THE FOUR CANNON.
On the southeast corner of Main and Com- mercial streets are planted two old cannon, mouths down, while on the old court-house steps are two more cannon mounted on wooden frames. The guns were brought here at an early day, and were used in the battle of Cahu-
86
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
enga by the revolutionary forces under Don Pio Pico, against Governor Mannel Micheltorena, February 7, 1845. On the approach of Com- modore Stockton from San Pedro, in August, 1846, the Mexicans buried them on the mesa east of Boyle Heights when Governor Pico fled to Mexico. Lientenant Archibald H. Gillespie, on being informed where the guns were con- cealed, had them dng up and brought to his barracks. Subsequently came the outbreak under Sérbulo Barelas, and Gillespie was besieged. Through Captain B. D. Wilson, then a prisoner of the Mexicans, negotiations were concluded with Gillespie, whereby he evacuated the town, and took the guns with him to San Pedro, promising to there return them to the Mexi- cans. On arriving at San Pedro, however, he had the guns spiked, their cascabels broken off, and the guns themselves filled with small gravel well packed in, and then rolled into the sea at low water as far as possible. When the news came to Los Angeles of the manner in which their guns had been treated, there was great ex- citement, and the hotter-headed made threats against the lives of the American prisoners in retaliation, which was all prevented by General Andrés Pico, who was reinstated in command. The frigate Savannah arrived at San Pedro and Gillespie and his men were transferred to her, and on his representation that the Californians had no artillery, Captain Mervin landed 250 sailors and marines and marched on Los An- geles to retake the pueblo. In this matter Gil- lespie was mistaken, as the disastrous result to the Americans at the battle of Dominguez Ranch proved on the next day. The Mexicans
had the famous Woman's gun, a small bronze cannon which had been fastened to a bloek, and used for many years at the old church at the plaza in Los Angeles City. Before Stockton's arrival this gun had been hid in a cane patch of the garden of Doña Clara Cota de Reyes, on the east side of Alameda street, abont 100 yards below First street. When the four old cannon were brought back from the mesa, Doña Clara and her daughter took the bronze cannon out of the cane patch and buried it. After this it was used at the battle of the Domingnez Raneh. A blacksmith hammered balls to fit it, and Ramon and Marimo Valenznela, with riatas attached to the poles of the carriage and the horns of their saddles, pulled the gun, and Tynacio Aguilen, "el artillero," was gunner. The Americans came near effecting its capture in the battle. The Old Woman's gun was on exhibition at the New Orleans Exhibition in 1885, and had a label reading: "Trophy 53, No. 63, Class 7. Used by Mexico against the United States at the Dominguez Ranch, October 6, 1846; at San Gabriel River and the Mesa, Jannary 8 and 9, 1847. Used by the United States forces against Mexico at Mazatlan, November 11, 1847; Urios (crew all killed or wounded) Palos Prietos, De- cember 13, 1847, and Lower California, at San José, February 15, 1848."
In 1849 the four guns were taken from the San Pedro Beach, where they had laid in the salt water for three years, and brought to Los Angeles and placed at the street corners. In 1881, when the first centennial of the city was celebrated, two of the guns were placed on the old court-house steps, where they still remain.
OLD BALDY IN WINTER.
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HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
THE COUNTY.
CHAPTER IX.
HE history of Los Angeles County since the close of the Mexican War now covers a period of more than four decades, of which the annals of the city naturally fill the larger part. During the first decade begins the history of El Monte and San Pedro. With the civil war came the Wilmington barracks. After the civil war there was a large immigration, several large Mexican ranches were divided into many small farms, and such places as Compton, Downey, Norwalk, San Fernando, Santa Monica and Pasadena sprang into existence. In 1876 the Southern Pacific Railroad came, affording easy communication with the outside world. That speculative fever known as a boom raged awhile, and was followed by a financial de- pression. Abont 1882 there was an upward turn in the tide which reached .its flood in 1887. Men and money flowed in freely and abundantly. The excitement was increased by the arrival of the Santa Fé Railroad system in 1885. The city grew to astonishing propor- tions, the country was rapidly settled, towns were laid out, and enterprises were established; and, while the land boom died away, the spirit of progress still remains, and history continues to be rapidly made.
Three times have there been divisions of the county. Kern County received a large slice in 1851; San Bernardino County was set off in 1853, and Orange County in 1889. With the
increase of population that the resources justify there will probably be still further divisions.
It is now in order to rehearse the story of American occupation, and a glorious one it is. Compared with the former times under Spanish and Mexican rule, it is as the strong sunlight which the year round floods its mountains and mesas, while the latter is like its own romantic moonlight which still lingers on its decaying missions and ranchos.
Los Angeles is one of the original twenty- seven counties of the State of California whichi were created by an act of the first Legislature held at San José, passed February 18, 1850. When California was under Spanish rule it was simply a northwestern frontier province of New Spain. In 1804 Alta (Upper) and Baja California were made separate provinces, the dividing line being that agreed upon between the Franciscan and Dominican orders of Cath- olic priests, which was an east and west line between the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean, marked by a cross erected about forty- five miles sonth of San Diego. After Mexican independence in 1822, Alta California was divided into two grand prefectures, those of Los Angeles and Monterey. Two such prefects were afterward established at Santa Bárbara and San José, and in 1829 ayuntamientos (city councils) were held at all four. From 1831 to 1840 there existed five districts, namely: San
88
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Bárbara, Monterey and San Francisco; but their exact boundaries were never accurately defined. The only portion of California then settled was a narrow strip along the southwestern shore; everything north and east of this was a terra incognita.
One of the first duties of the first Legislature was the division of the State into counties. The task was assigned to a committee, of which Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo was chairman. The result of the labors of this committee is given in Chapter XV. of the Statutes of California, passed at the first session of the Legislature, begun September 15, 1849, and ended April 22, 1850, at San José. The twenty-seven counties then organized were as follows: Butte, Branci- forte, Calaveras, Colusi, Contra Costa, EI Do- rado, Los Angeles, Marin, Mariposa, Mendo- cino, Monterey, Napa, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Bárbara, Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yolo and Yuba. The boundaries of Los Angeles County were then defined as follows:
SECTION 3 .- Beginning on the coast of the Pacific, at the southern boundary of the farm called Triumfo, and running thence along the sminmit of the ridge of hills called Santa Su- sanna to the northwestern boundary of the farm called San Francisco; thence along the northern and northeastern boundary of said farm of San Francisco to the farm called Pino; thence in a line running due northeast to the summit of the Coast Range; thenee along the summit of said range to the western boundary of San Diego County; thence in a due sontherly direction along said boundary to the source of the creek San Mateo; thence down said creek San Mateo to the coast, and three English miles into the sea; thence in a northwesterly direction, parallel with the coast, to a point three miles from land, and opposite to the southern boundary of the farm called Triumfo; and thence to the shore at said boundary, which was the point of begin- ning, including the islands of Santa Catalina and San Clemente. The seat of justice shall be Los Angeles.
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