USA > California > Los Angeles County > An illustrated history of Los Angeles County, California. Containing a history of Los Angeles County from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also of prominent citizens of to-day > Part 40
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249
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
November 21, 1863, " Boston " Daimwood, Chase, Wood and two Mexicans were taken from the county jail by citizens and hanged on Spring street. The victims belonged to the criminal class.
December 17, 1863, Charles Wilkins was hanged by the vigilance committee for the murder of John Sanford, near Fort Tejon.
Edward Newman was killed within five miles of San Bernardino in January, 1864. A posse killed Celestino Alipaz on the Santa Ana River. He was supposed to be one of Newman's three murderers.
Santiago Sanchez was hanged June 3, 1864, for the murder of another Mexican. He was also thought to be one of Newman's murderers.
April 23, 1865, Robert Parker, a carpenter, residing at the corner of Main and San Pedro streets, was called to the door and shot down by parties at the time unknown. One month later, José Domingo, a Mexican, was found guilty of this murder-second degree-and was sentenced in the District Court to ten years' imprisonment.
July 5, 1865, occurred one of the most des- perate and sanguinary affrays ever witnessed in Los Angeles.
On the night of July 4, at a ball in the Bella Union (now the St. Charles) Hotel, under- Sheriff A. J. King had some difficulty with one Robert Carlisle, who cut him severely with a knife. About noon on the following day, as the stages were leaving for the steamers, and the hotel and express office were both crowded with people, Frank King and Heuston King, brothers of the under-sheriff, entered the bar- room of the Bella Union, and attacked Carlisle with pistols, who defended himself in like man- ner. Shot succeeded shot in great rapidity, and early in the engagement Heuston King fell disabled by a ball from Carlisle's pistol. His brother continued the fight alone.
The people fled panic-stricken. A stray ball killed a stage horse at the door. A by-stander was shot down accidentally, and some eight or ten had their clothes pierced by the leaden hail. At last the combatants reached the sidewalk.
Here Frank King seized his antagonist and be- gan beating him over the head with his revolver, injuring the weapon in such a manner as to make it useless. So far King was uninjured, but Carlisle was fairly riddled with balls. With a last effort the latter broke away, staggered into the doorway, leaned painfully against tlie casing, raised his pistol in both hands, and fired his last shot. Frank King fell, shot through the heart. Carlisle died three hours after. Heuston King finally recovered, was tried for the murder of Carlisle and was acquitted.
In July, 1865, George Williams and Cyrus Kimball, of San Diego, were on their way to Los Angeles with their families, and had camped for the night by the Santa Ana River.
About sunrise iu the morning, while the women and children were at some little distance from the camp, seven American cut-throats (the leader being one Jack O'Brien) rode up and deliberately shot the two men dead. When the women came up to see what was meant by thie firing, they found their husbands both dead, and were ordered by their murderers, under pain of death, to hand over all money belonging to the party. This they did, and the scoundrels left, having secured abont $3,000. They were never captured.
In 1869 Horace Bell, formerly a ranger, was indicted for murder in the second degree for killing a Mexican. The principal witness dying before the case came to trial, a nolle prosequi was entered.
October 31, 1870, a quarrel between Police- man Joseph F. Dye and City Marshal Warren led to a shooting affray between these two upon the public street, in which the latter was killed, and several spectators more or less wounded. Dye was tried and acquitted.
THE CHINESE MASSACRE
occurred October 24, 1871. For two or three days previous to the event two Chinese factions quarreled over the possession of a China woman. Both sides purchased arms and ammunition and fortified themselves on either side of Negro alley
250
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
and exchanged shots. On the 23d four of the combatants were arrested, and after a prelimi- nary hearing were released on bail. On the morning of October 24 the fight was renewed, when several citizens as well as officers inter- fered to preserve the peace. Officer Bilderrain and two citizens were wounded, presumably by stray shots. One of these citizens, Robert Thompson, was wounded fatally.
The news of his death spread like wild-fire, and brought together a large crowd, composed principally of the lower class of Mexicans and the scum of the foreigners. The more they talked and drank the more excited they became, till an unlucky Chinaman put his head out of a shanty and was instantly seized. The mob, now thirsting for blood, dragged him up to the corner of Temple and New High streets and strung him up ! The rope broke, and the poor wretch fell to the ground begging for mercy from his Christian persecutors, but in vain. In a minute more the poor " devil " was strung up again and his life was soon choked out !
The human tigers now had their infernal ap- petites whetted by the taste of blood, and they returned to Chinatown for fresh victims. The torch was thien applied, but cautiously, as a general conflagration was feared. Hose was then laid and efforts made to flood the China- men out. Excited individuals, more forward than the others, climbed up on the house-tops and shot through various openings into the rooms below. Wherever an unlucky celestial could be forced out, he was immediately run off and hanged! Five were suspended to an awn- ing in a row on the corner of Los Angeles and Commercial streets. Three more were hanged on the corner of Temple and New High streets.
To the crime of murder was added that of theft. The houses in Chinatown were looted of their stores. The knife, rope and pistol were in active use for upward of three hours, till the dead bodies of eighteen Chinamen, one of them a child, were to be counted. The authorities endeavored in vain to quell the mob. Efforts made by such citizens as R. M. Widney, II. T.
Hazard, H. C. Austin and others were success- ful in saving several Chinamen from being murdered or hanged. The excitement finally wore itself ont. An inquest lasting several days was hield. The leading perpetrators es- caped punishment. A few were imprisoned at San Quentin for a short time. The United States Government paid a heavy indemnity to the Chinese Empire. There are certain persons in Los Angeles who were helping to murder Chinamen that night who hold their heads high to-day.
January, 1871, two brothers named Bilder- beck were murdered in Tejunga Cañion. David Stephenson was shot by a posse in Lower Cali- fornia in resisting an attempt mnade to arrest him for this crime.
In June, 1874, a Mexican named Gordo was hanged at Puente for a murderous attempt on William Turner, a storekeeper.
TIBURICO VASQUEZ.
This noted outlaw was born in Monterey County in 1837. He early became a highway- man, stealing horses, robbing stages, and com- mitting murders withont number. After the awful tragedy of Tres Pinos he came to Los Angeles County. April 16, 1874, at the head of a band of robbers, he visited the ranch of Alexander Repetto, east of the city, and tying Repetto to a tree compelled him, under pain of instant death, to sign a check on Temple & Workman's Bank, Los Angeles, for $800. A nephew of Repetto's was then dispatched to Los Angeles to get this cashed and was warned that at the first symptom of treachery his uncle would be killed. Upon arrival at the bank, the boy's manner excited suspicion and the bank officers detained him until he told why the money was needed so urgently. Sheriff Rowland at once organized a posse and started for the mission, but the boy, by hard riding across country, reached there ahead of them, paid the ransom and released his uncle. The robbers fled, and when not more than a thousand yards in ad- vance of the officers, robbed John Osborne and
251
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
Charles Miles, of Los Angeles, whom they met in a wagon; then away again and made good their escape. This was the last exploit of Vas- quez.
For a long time Sheriff William R. Rowland, of Los Angeles, had been quietly laying plans for his arrest. Again and again the game had escaped him, but " it is a long lane that has no turning." Early in May, in 1874, he learned that Vasquez was making his headquarters at the house of " Greck George," about ten miles due west of Los Angeles, toward Santa Monica, and not far from the Cahuenga Pass.
The house was situated at the foot of a mount- ain, and was built of adobe, in the form of the; letter L, the foot of. the letter being toward the mountain range, and the shank extending south. Behind the house ran a comparatively disused road, leading from San Vicente through La Brea Rancho to Los Angeles. In front of the house a sınall bunch of willows surrounded a spring, and beyond these a vast rolling plain stretched westward and southward to the ocean.
A window in the north end of the building afforded a lookout over the plain toward Los Angeles for many miles. Other windows in like manner commanded the remaining points of the compass. The middle section of the shank was used as a dining room, and a small room in the southern extremity as a kitchen.
It was well known that Vasquez had confed- erates in Los Angeles, who kept him constantly posted as to all plans laid for his capture. This being the case, the utmost secrecy was necessary. The morning of Thursday, May 15, was deter- inined on for making the attack, and during the following day horses for the sheriff's party were taken one by one to a rendezvous on Spring street, near Seventh. To disarm suspicion, it was determined that Sheriff Rowland should re- main in Los Angeles, and the attacking force (eight in all) was placed in charge of the under sheriff, Mr. Albert Johnson. The remaining members were: Major H. M. Mitchell (attorney at law of Los Angeles), J. S. Bryant (city con- stable), W. E. Rogers (of the Palace saloon), B.
F. Hartley (chief of police), D. K. Smith (a citi- zen), and Goerge A. Beers (special correspond- ent of the San Francisco Chronicle), and others. The party were armed with rifles, shot guns (loaded with slugs) and revolvers.
At 1:30 A. M. they started, and by 4 o'clock had arrived at Major Mitchell's bee ranch, situated up a small cañon not far from the house of Greek George. Here Mr. Johnson left a portion of his party, while with the rest he climbed the mountains to reconnoitre. A heavy fog at first obscured all objects, but as this lifted, they could discern a horse, answering in appear- ance to that usually ridden by the bandit, pick. eted near the house. Twice a man resembling Vasquez came out of the dwelling, and led this horse to the spring, then back again and re- picketed him. Soon a second man, believed to be the bandit's lieutenant (Chaves), went in pur- suit of another horse, and then Mr. Johnson prepared for action.
His two companions (Mitchell and Smith) went in pursuit of the man last seen, while he returned to the bee ranch, marshaled his forces, and prepared to attack the house. Fortunately just at this moment a high box wagon drove up the cañon from the direction of Greek George's house. In this were two natives, and the sheriff's party at once clambered into the wagon and lay down, taking with them one of these men. The driver they commanded to turn his horses and proceed back to Greek George's house, driving as close thereto as possible, and promising him that on the least sign of treach- ery they would shoot him dead. He obeyed his instructions, and in a short time the house was reached and surrounded.
As the party advanced upon the door leading into the dining-room, a woman opened it par- tially, then, as she caught sight of them, slammed it to with an exclamation of affright. They burst in just in time to see Vasquez spring from the table, where he had been eating breakfast, and through the narrow kitchen window, in the end of the house facing south. As he went through an officer fired on him with his Henry
252
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
rifle, and as he rushed for his horse shot after shot showed him the utter hopelessness of es- cape. Throwing up his hands he advanced toward the party and surrendered, saying in Spanish: " Boys, you have done well; I have been a d-d fool, but it is all my own fault. I'm gone up." Two other men were arrested at the same time (the one Mitchell and Smith went after, and another). A large number of arms, all of the latest pattern and finest workmanship, were found in the house. "Greek George " (George Allen) was arrested in Los Angeles.
Vasquez was conveyed to Los Angeles and placed in jail. Here he received the best of medical treatment, and as his injuries were only flesh wounds, soon recovered. Much maudlin sympathy was expended on him by weak-headed women while he remained in Los Angeles jail.
His last victim, Mr. Repetto, of San Gabriel, called to see him. After the usual salutations, Repetto remarked: "I have called, Signor, to say that so far as I am concerned you can settle that little account with God Almighty. I have no hard feelings against you, none whatever." Vasquez returned his thanks in a most impres- sive manner, and began to speak of repayment, when Repetto interrupted him, saying, " I do not expect to be repaid. I gave it to you to save further trouble, but I beg of you, if you ever resume operations, not to repeat your visit at my house."
" Ah, Señor," replied Vasquez, “if I am so unfortunate as to suffer conviction, and am com-
pelled to undergo a short term of imprisonment, I will take the earliest opportunity to reimburse yon. Señor Repetto, Yo soy un cabellero, con el corazon de un caballero! I am a gentleman with the heart of a gentleman!" This with the most impressive gesture and laying his hand upon his heart.
He was taken to San José, and tried for inur- der. Being found guilty, he was there hanged March 19, 1875.
Several others of the band were captured and sent to San Quentin. Some were shot by offi- cers, and the whole band was thoroughly broken up.
WALLER-FONCK.
October 10, 1877, Victor Fonck was shot in the leg by C. M. Waller, keeper of the Land Company's bath-house at Santa Monica. The latter claimed to be acting under instructions from-Parker, agent of the land company. At the time of the shooting, Fonck was erecting a private bath-house on the beach, in defiance of warnings not to do so. He died two days after- ward from the effect of the wound.
Waller was found guilty of involuntary homi- cide, and was sentenced January 25, 1878, to one year in the penitentiary. Parker was found guilty of murder in the second degree (March 8), and was sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary. This had such an effect on him- self and wife, that they both died broken-hearted before the sentence could be executed.
... ...
LOS ANGELES IN 1854. (LOOKING EASTWARD.)
253
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
LOS ANGELES CITY.
CHAPTER XVIII.
POPULATION AND GROWTH.
T is impossible at present to state the exact population of Los Angeles, city or county. This can be known only when the official census of 1890 has been completed. Various estimates of the city's population, however, have been made recently. Snch estimates are based on directories and school statistics. They fix the total population of the city at 70,000, and in some instances as high as 90,000. It is probable that about 75,000 comes nearest to the correct figures. In 1880, according to the cen- sns, the population was only 12,000. During the ensning three years the increase was steady, but by no means rapid. Early in 1884 a tolera- bly lively influx of "new settlers" began, and from that period down to this summer of 1889 the growth has been very rapid. In five years Los Angeles advanced from a comparatively ob- scure county seat, to the prond position of the second city on the Pacific Coast. In fact it is the fourth American city west of the Missouri River. Within the year 1888 a vast amount of building was accomplished, many snch improve- ments being commodions and elegant business blocks, whose architecture and appointments would be creditable to any city in the United States.
A sketch of Los Angeles City made in 1854 by the artist of the Williamson survey, is here
presented. It is taken from Fort Hill, looking east. The Catholic Church, the plaza, Main, Aliso and Los Angeles streets are plainly dis- tingnished. This view gives correctly every honse as it then stood in the city. It is the first picture ever taken of the city, and is copied from a lithograph in possession of B. A. Stephens.
The following table of assessments of city property is compiled from the books of the city assessor. From it the reader can obtain a cor- rect idea of the city's growth:
VALUATIONS-CITY ASSESSOR.
Fiscal Year.
Real Estale.
Improve- menis.
Money.
Personal Property.
Fran- chises.
Total.
1881-2 $ 4.043,953
1882-3
5,160,283
$2,179,985 2,538,013
59,642
1,370,221
9,308,447
1883-4
12,235,053
1884-5
8,284,475
3,977,125
65,955
2,222.510
171,150
14,721,215
1885-6
9,212,508
4,570,185
128,107|
2,347,720
173,915
16,432,435
1886-7
11,948,815
4,943,030
108,058
2,398,122
60,900
18,451,525
1887-8
27,803,924
1888-9 27,832,408|
6.007,595 1,396,954
4,217,061
3,100
39,479,172
$ 88,360| $1,124,643
$240,691 180,288
$7,627,632
The city has an area of nearly thirty-six square miles, and hence is capable of containing a population of at least 1,000,000. If the future of this wonderful city is judged of by the past fifteen years, the time is not far distant when the number of its inhabitants will reach away up into hundreds of thonsands.
Its growth during that period is phenomenal. In 1880 the population of the city was 11,000;
254
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
now, according to popular estimate, it is about 85,000, and steadily increasing. On the hill- sides in East Los Angeles a park of fifty acres is being beautified, and in the north part of the city a tract of 420 acres is also to be improved as a pleasure ground for the people. The city boasts four colleges and other institutions of learning, a medical college, public library, pub- lic schools, two score of church edifices, a board of trade, a chamber of commerce, banks pleth- oric with capital, and appliances for all kinds of business on a most magnificent scale. Of news- papers, those educators of the people and re- flectors of the city's prosperity, there are many, and as a rnle they are managed with enterprise and tact.
The following statement from the Federal census of 1880 to the present, shows the in- crease of population of Los Angeles City from 1880 to 1887: 1880, 11,311; 1884, 28,285; 1885, 32,528; 1886, 45,000; 1887, 65,000. In- crease of 1887 over 1880, over 474} per cent. The above figures give only the resident popu- lation, and do not include the thousands of vis- itors coming for health and pleasure.
NATIONALITIES.
Los Angeles is becoming quite a cosmopol itan city. Almost every nation in the world has here its representatives. The controlling element is the genuine American, who is con- tent to speak and write the English language, without attempting to use any foreign dialect. But there are also many foreign-born residents, who, as a rule, are intelligent, industrious and honest. Among the Irish-Americans is Doctor Richard S. Den, for a long time a prominent physician of the city. IIe is a man of sterling character and scientific knowledge.
IIon. John G. Downey, an Irishman who re- sides in Los Angeles, was one of California's most noted Governors, and is one of the early supporters of the University of Southern Cali- fornia. Ilon. E. F. Spence, President of the First National Bank, another Irishman, was recently mayor of Los Angeles. Two years
ago he gave $10,000 to the University, and more recently, as he was leaving on a European tour, gave his check for $50,000 to the same institution, with which to found an astronom- ical observatory. There are Irish lawyers, Irish clergymen, Irish doctors, and Irish mer- chant, who are a credit to the land of their adoption and to the city in which they live.
The Germans are also quite numerous and influential. They support a daily paper and other enterprises peculiar to their nationality. The Turnverein Society is a rich and influential German organization. The German Lutheran Church, the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and the German Evangelical Church are all quite wealthy organizations and com- pletely out of debt. Hon. L. J. Rose, a native of Germany, was a State Senator from Los Angeles; and Isaiah W. Hellman, also a native of that country, is a member of the board of regents of the California State University. There are not many Scandinavians, as they in- stinctively seek a colder clime. The French are here in large numbers. They comprise all classes, from the ignorant Breton to those who bear titles of nobility. Two weekly papers are published in the Frenchi, and one in the Basque language.
There are about 4,000 persons of British birth residing in Los Angeles and vicinity. Their native land has long been ably repre- sented here by IIon. C. White Mortimer, Brit- islı Vice-Consul. The Queen's jubilee is cele- brated in Los Angeles with great éclat. D. Freeman, Esq., a wealthy member of the Eng- lish colony, is one of the best known and mnost . popular citizens of the county.
Canadians are very numerous, and almost all have, soon after their location here, become citizens of the United States. Hon. P. Beandry, formerly of Montreal, has been mayor of Los Angeles; Dr. HI. Nadeau has been coroner of Los Angeles County and president of the Los Angeles County Medical Society. Hon. G. W. Knox has represented Los Angeles County in the State Legislature. W. W. Robinson, a
255
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
native of Nova Scotia, has held several in- portant public positions, and was for eight consecutive years city auditor.
The Spanish-speaking population has already been referred to. Scores of them have held im- portant positions, from that of congressman down to that of constable, and their records in these places have ever been honorable.
The Chinese are a prominent factor in the population of Los Angeles. There are between two and three thousand of them. They were formerly very extensively employed as servants for general housework, but latterly trained white and colored servants are gradually taking their places. The Chinaman, as a rule, with occasional exceptions, is not desirable help in the household. On the ranch, or elsewhere, if engaged at out-door work, he can be tolerated when white men are not obtainable.
VOTERS.
The following table shows the number of legal voters in the City of Los Angeles, and the nativity of each. The list is compiled from the revised " great register" of Novem- ber, 1888:
NATIVE BORN.
FOREIGN BORN.
Alabama
103
Africa
2
Arkansas
61
Australia
19
California
1,118
Austria
Colorado
10
Belginm
Connecticut
150
Bohemia
Delaware
29
Canada
287
Florida ..
8
Caroline Ialande.
1
Georgia.
95
Central America
1
Illinois.
859
China
1
Indiana
561
Chili
1
lowa ..
368
Cuba
1
Kaneas
49
Denmark
49
Kentucky
362
Esst Indies.
1
Louisiana
121
England
881 1
Maryland
140
France
218
Massachusetts
482
Germany.
910 3
Minnesota ..
67
Hawaiian Islands
9
Mississippi
86
Holland.
15
Missouri.
455
Honduras.
1
Nebraska
15
Hungary
6
Nevada
114
Isle of Man
1
New Jersey
175
Italy.
108
New York.
1,649
Jamaica
3
North Carolina.
8
Mexico .
105
Ohio
1,352
Montenegro
1
Oregon
36
Pennsylvania
980 44
New Zealand.
2
South Carolina.
Nicaragua
1
Tennessee
227
Norway
Texas ..
193
Nova Scotia
49
Vermont 183
Poland
Porto Rico.
1 5
Wisconsin
283
Total, all States. .11,363
NATIVE BORN.
FOREIGN BORN.
Arizona
12
Sicily
Idaho
2
South America
Indian Territory.
1
Spain
Montana
3
Surinam
New Mexico.
8 Sweden
51
Utah
17
Switzerland
76
Washington Territory 10
Turkey ...
Wales
Total, all Territories ... 59
Weet Iudiea
Western Isles
District of Columbia 30
At Sea
5
United States ..
Nowhere
1
Grand total native born ... 11,445
Total foreign born 3,218
Grand total all voters .... 14,662
BUSINESS INTERESTS.
Los Angeles does not boast of being a manu- facturing city, yet it contains quite a number of rather extensive manufactories, and there is a prospect of the number increasing largely dur- ing the ensuing year. Among the establish- ments now in operation are nine iron foundries, with several hundred employés; three flour and feed mills, turning out about 500 barrels of flour daily; a dozen planing-mills, employing from twenty to sixty men eaclı; several brick- kilns, turning out an aggregate of 250,000 brick daily; an extensive pottery; several factories for the manufacture of iron irrigating pipes, employing several hundred men ; several carriage and wagon factories; cigar-factories, employing 150 men; six soap-factories, with about fifty employés; one ice-factory, two broom-factories, and one cracker-factory; there are six granite- works, employing a large number of stone- entters; at least 200 men are constantly engaged in manufacturing artificial stone for sidewalks and water-pipes; two factories for the manu- facture of soda and mineral waters; an estab- lishment for the purpose of pulling wool by steam from sheep-skins; a hair-factory, where hair and moss is prepare l for mattress-makers and upholsterers ; several mattress-factories ; very large furniture-factories; two breweries, that use 20,000 sacks of barley and 300 bales of hops per year; several wineries and brandy- stills; one woolen-mill; canneries and fruit- crystallizing works; eight candy-factories, one very extensive; one wholesale ice-cream factory ; two vinegar and pickle works; several cooper- shops; shirt-factories; box-factories, for making boxes for oranges and other fruits; several coffee
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