USA > California > Merced County > History of Merced County, California with biographical sketches of prominent citizens > Part 20
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farm-hands, etc., not omitting detectivos, and it is said he knows just what all of his help are ahont.
Mr. Miller arrived in San Francisco a poor man. By steady industry and indomitahle perseverance, accompanied hy excellent judgment, he has succeeded iu a most extraordi- nary manner. While he must of necessity be exacting in the management of so large an estate and in his dealings with so many men, aud where snch variod interests are constantly presented, wo have hever heard that he was sordid, arrogant or overbearing, but a generous-hearted man.
Early Stage and Express.
THE pony express was an enterprise started in 1860, hy Majors, Russell & Co., of Leavenworth, Kansas, to meet the pressing business wants of the Pacific coast. It will he remembered that the usual time made on the mail service, hy steamer, between New York and San Francisco, was ahout twenty-six days. The first Overland mail-which ar- rived in San Francisco, October 10, 1858-carried it from St. Louis, Missouri, via Los Angeles, in twenty-three days, twenty-one hours, The Pony Express-which left St. Joseph, Missouri, and San Francisco, simultaneously, April 3, 1860-succeeded in transporting it through safely on its first trip, in ten days; on its second, in fourteen days; third, nine days; fonrth, teu days; fifth, nine days; sixth, nine days; a distance of one thousand nine hundred and ninety-six miles. This rapid transmission of hnsiness cor- respondence was of incalculable value to business men in those days.
This service, we can readily see, required conrage and en- durance, as well as enterprise and the expenditure of large sums of money. The moment the ferry-boat tonched land on the westeru shore of the Missouri river, the pony ex- pressman mouuted his horse; and hy day or by night, in starlight or darkness, whether sun-dried or soaked, snow- covered or frozen; among friends or through foes; he he lonely or merry-onward he hastened, until, at the thrice welcomed station, he leaped from his saddle to rest. Here another was ready, whose horse, like himself, had been waiting, perhaps, without shelter; aud with a cheery "Good night, boys," he galloped off, aud was soon lost in the dis- tance. He rides on alone, over prairies and mountains; whether up hill or down; on rough ground or smooth, until he decries in the distance the goal of his hopes, and the station is reached.
To realize eveu partially the dangers of this service, we need only glauco at the uewspapers of the day, where such items as the following were chrouicled: "The pony ex- pressman has just returned from Cold Springs-driven hack hy the Indians." " The men at Dry Creek station havo all been killed, and it is thought the Robert's Creek station has
98
HISTORY OF MERCED COUNTY.
been destroyed. Eight animals were stolen from Cold Springs Monday." " Bartholomew Riley died last night from a wound received at the Cold Spring station, on the 16th of May. Just arrived from the Indian battle-ground at Pyramid Lake, tired as ho was, he voluutecred to ride the next change, then, a distance of eighty-five milos. where he received the wound of which ho died." "Six Pike's Peakers found the body of the statiou-keeper mutilated, and all the animals missing at Simpsou's Park."
FIRST EXPRESS IN MERCED COUNTY,
Among the early express enterprises was that of John H. Everett, au outerprising Yankce, fleet of foot aud slick of tongue, who ruu a foot express in those days from tho Forry through the mines, leaving Knight's Ferry every Weduosday aud Saturday, and retnruing every Tuesday and Friday. He carried the mail and baggage on his own back, aud used an old manzauita stick, twisted in various curves, for a caue, and when Everett's Express started "it went like lightning " over hills, ravines, gulches, bars, valleys, and everything else that came in the way.
This Yankee's iugeuuity is best oxpressed in his card to the public, which was published in tho Banner and all the papers around.
Everett's Express kopt np with punctuality for several yoars, and included Snelling in its route, uutil one day it did uot arrive at the nsual timo. Night came and still Ev- erett had not como iu; the next day, and still another passed, and no express arrived. Considorable alarm was now folt lest he had met with some accidont, and the suspicious woro but too truo. Abont the third day news came that Everett's Express was no more; he had been fonud drowned uear Two-Mile Bar, in one of the many shafts filled with water, which then existed in those regions. Varions the- ories were advanced in regard to the cause which led to his death. It was thought hy somo that he had met with foul play; that the expross had been robbed, and this disposi- tion made of tho carrier; others thought that he was proba- bly traveling in the night, and accidentally walked into this watory grave; and there woro some who thought that on lying down to get a drink out of the hole of water, he had lost his balauce and fell iu head first. Some thought he had committed suicido. If wo remembor correctly, tho mail bag was found undisturbed, and this fact, more than any other, led to the conclusion generally that his doath was accidental. Poor Everott was no more; ho had gono on a new jouruey, and takon his express with him.
SILMAN'S LINE OF STAGES.
Tho lino of stages of Mr. Silman, iu 1870, rau from Stocktou to Millerton, via Tuolumno City, Paradiso City, Empiro City, Snelling, and Plainshurg, making rognlar
trips and well loaded with passengers. This line of stages snppliod a section of country with mail facilities that had heretofore been deprived of so great a boon, and was a great convenience to travolers who desired to see that portion of the San Joaquin valley iu passing from Stockton to Millerton.
Afterwards Messrs. Silman and Carter entered into part- nership for the purpose of ruuuiug a stage liue from Stock- ton to Visalia. They stocked the road with good teams and comfortable stages, and ran four-horse stages through from Stocktou to Visalia, and also from Suelling to Mariposa.
The increase of travel through the San Joaquin valley de- manded this, and the stages were crowded to their utmost capacity every trip.
As the country became settled up many new stage routes were put in operation. The reliable Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express soon established themselves on all routes.
Southern Pacific Railroad.
In 1870 the Central Pacific Railroad Company branched off from Lathrop with a road running through the center of the county. This new road was called the Stockton and Visalia Division of the C. P. R. R., and was making its way through the heart of the southern part of the State, and along its route sprang up new towns and villages, thus chauging the general character of the country and forming new business ceuters.
This part of the conuty had, within a few years, developed into a rich agricultural region. The large herds of cattle that ouco roamed over these plains had disappeared from view; tho long horn of the Spanish steer was no longer vis- ille. The farmer had taken the place of the raquero; the plow tho place of the lariat. The branding-iron and the raw- hido, the lasso aud the rodeo, had becomo relics of the past. The first bright gleams of a glorious futuro were dawniug ovor the people. This great valley had become a unit in intorest and alike in foeling; the two couflicting interests- agricultoro and graziug-no louger crossed their swords in etornal warfaro, but now they were united aud led by a commou interest. All had become stock-bredders; all grain- growers. A large population had settled on these plaius, aud common interosts had sprung into existence.
The railroad ruus through what looks to he an intermin- ahlo whoat field. Wheat, wheat; nothing but wheat as far as tho oye cau reach over the plaiu iu every direction. Fields of two, three, aud five thousand acres make but small. farms. Hero oue man has 20,000; here another 40,000, all in whoat. In Juuo the whole plaiu is one ocean of waving hoads. As yon look ont and soe milo after mile without a divisiou fouoo, 20 or 40 miles apparently iu one field, you are lost in wondor.
RESIDENCE OF E.W. HEALY, 6 MILES SOUTH EAST OF MERCED, MERCED CO. CAL.
99
RAPID INCREASE IN PROSPERITY.
RAPID INCREASE IN PROSPERITY,
Real and Personal Property, rates of Taxation, Progress of the County from year to year.
YEAR hy year the Assessor's reports show a marked increase in the assessed valuation of all property. Nor is this to be wondered at, when we mark the strides made by mechanical invention in perfecting the tools with which the farmer works. But thirty years have elapsed since the Mexican fastened the crooked branch of a tree to the horns of his ox (by thongs) and therewith lightly scratched the bosom of Mother Earth ; then lahoriously dropped the seed, one by one, in the tiny fur- rows he had made. See illustrations of these tools on page 23.
Now behold the mighty gang-plows, yoked to a score of snorting steeds, cutting a broad swath of hrown mold across the green prairie, from horizon to horizon. Next the auto- matic seeder scatters the gerins hy millions; and where once was seen but the Mexican's tiny acre of scanty stalks, now waves a hillowy ocean of yellow grain, far as the eye can reach. Not the slow sickle, or puny scythe must reap this harvest. The swift headers come, with waving wings and rat- tling blades, rejecting the treasured straw of the Eastern
And farmer, and daintily choosing only the golden heads.
last-no wooden flail with feehle beat, nor old-time fanning- mill, but the mighty steam separator, devouring heads by mil- lions, and making immediate return in hundreds of tons of clean, bright grain.
Note also the wonderful increase of schools, churches and all those institutions calculated to elevate and benefit mankind.
FINANCIAL STANDING IN 1862.
The following article from the Banner will show the finan- cial condition of the county in 1862 :-
1862-"The indebtedness of the county sums up as follows : Against the Current Expense Fund, $8,023.+3; Road Fund, $765; Incidental Fund, $102.75 ; Indigent Sick Fund, $348.50; making a total of $9,039.68. Add to this orders made by District Judge to pay witnesses in criminal cases at May term of the District Court, $307, make a grand total of $9,546.68 " The revenue of the county this year will probably amount
to $8,000, after making allowances for the depreciation of the value of property caused hy the drought, large numbers of stock having been driven out of the county in search of grass before being assessed, which will reduce the assessment from about $1,000,000 to about $700,000. This it will be seen that the revenue of the county the present year will lack $1,546.68 of paying the outstanding indebtedness up to this time. But the cost of prosecuting Clark and Heffernan, now
in our county jail, charged with murder, will increase the indebtedness of the county several thousand dollars. To keep the credit of the county in a healthy state, provision must be made for payment in a reasonable length of time.
"County script, four weeks ago, would bring eighty-five cents on the dollar in gold coin, but now, in view of the increased indebtedness which will probably accrue through the prosecu- tion of the prisoners above mentioned, it would probably not bring forty cents on the dollar."
1863- State tax
75
Current Fund
20
School
Indigent 25
05
State Capitol tax.
15
Road Fund .. .
05
Insane Asylum.
Total tax rate. $2 25
$ 90
1864-State tax ..
80
County Fund.
20
School
10
Road
20
Hospital
Total tax rate. $2 20
1865-For this year we find that the assessment roll sums up as follows :-
Total value of real estate, improvements, and personal prop- erty, $856,149; which gives a State tax of $70,345, and a County tax of $12,800 09.
AN EMPTY JAIL.
1866-" The condition of our county," says the Banner, " has never been better since its organization. It is not only in a flourishing condition now, but the prospect bids fairfor it to be so for years to come."
" We bave no criminal cases on our court dockets; our jail is empty, and has been for more than six months. It seems to us that we are doing as well as could be wished, and have much cause to congratulate ourselves on the fair prospects before us."
$1 13
1867-State Tax. 2 00
County " .
$3 13
Total tax rate.
$1,167,147 00
Total valuation of property.
36,531 77
Tax for the year.
$1 13
1868-State tax.
1 95
County "
$3 08
Total tax rate.
$25,538 78
Floating debt of county.
Value of county property - Court
6,000 00
House, jail, etc. .
194 89
Cash on hand ..
$6,194 89
Total.
$1,011,106 00
Real estate and improvements.
1,203,598 00
Personal property .
$2,214,794 00
Total property .
Amount to be raised by tax $65,335 99
S 80
100
HISTORY OF MERCED COUNTY.
S 80
1869-Current Fund
20
School
15
Road
97
State
05
Indigent
$2 17
Total tax rate.
.$ 552,456 00
Real estate and improvements.
1,158,250 00
Personal property ...
. 82,110,812 00
Total valuation
$
97
1870-State tax.
70
Current Fund
30
School
15
Road
05
Indigent
$2 17
Total tax rate.
$24,629 30
State tax.
34,167 81
County "
$58,797 11
Total amount of tax
$1,545,811 00
Value of real estate.
190,570 00
Improvements on real estate.
1,110,936 00
Personal property .
$2,847,318 00
Total valuation
$
86
1871-State tax
1 17
County "
$2 03
Total tax rate.
$66,943 88
.59
Current expense
.13
School Fund
Indigent Fund. .10
Road Fund. .30
.001
Bounty Fund. Court House Bond, Int.
$1.85
Total tax rate.
This year the county had 206,540 acres under cultivation, and the production of wheat was 910,480 bushels; barley, 834,- 610 bushels; corn, 22,210; beans, 1,456 ; cotton, 118,000 pounds; butter, 69,620 pounds; cheese, 103,500 pounds; wool, 1,720,300 pounds; honey, 1,600 pounds; potatoes, 110 tons; sweet pota- toes, 160 tons.
Merced ranked fourth in the list of wool-growing counties Fresno, Los Angeles and Calaveras being ahead. These figures show the fertility of the soil in the great valley of the San Joaquin, even in years of great drought.
The item of land cultivated of course includes that portion devoted to fruit culture, which was comparatively in its infancy in this county, there being but 25,738 fruit trees of all kinds within its borders; but as the adaptability of her foot-hills for fruit-growing becomes kuown, Merced will soon rate A 1 among the productive counties of the State.
1875-State tax .605
,50
Current Fund .
Sick Fund. ,10
School Fund. .12
.20
Road Fund.
Bounty Fund . .03
Court House Bond, Int. .125
The registered vote of Merced County for the year 1872-73 as compared with the preceding year, showed an increase of
over 500 votes. The exact figures being 1,538, against 1,025. 1873-In this year the land was divided into four grades for assessment as follows :-
Ist Grade
2d Grade.
3d Grade.
4th Grade.
Number of acres in )
2,249
91,395
211,464
652,699
each grade .. . .
Actual cash value of )
$20
$10 to $20
$5 to $10
SI to $5
each acre per grade
$20.01
$12.67
$5.88
$2.43
Av'ge cash value per acre of each grade § Total actnal cash value of each grade §
$45,020|$1,158,181 $1,243,324|$1,591,989
$4,887,035
Real estate ..
1,592,708
Personal property.
$6,479,743
Total
The county had 201,495 acres of land in cultivation, and produced of wheat, 165,140 bushels; barley, 865,500; rye, 1,220; corn, 21,780; beans, 1,377 bushels, and 161 tons of sweet potatoes. The latter were raised on twenty-six acres of ground, showing a yield of a little over eight tons to the acre. Of hay was raised 6,804 tons; cotton, 122,000 pounds; butter, 58,530 pounds; cheese, 102,000 pounds; wool, 1,853,275.
1874-Real estate $ 4,462,724 466,312
Improvements
2,028,215
Personal property
$ 6,972,126
Total
State tax . . 649
Total amount raised by tax
$1,761,883 00
Real estate.
249,855 00
Improvements.
882,073 00
Personal property.
$2,893,821 00
Total valuation
S
60
1872-Expense Fund.
30
School
20
County
07
Indigent
01
Bounty
Total tax rate. $1 18
The following table shows the amount of revenue collected for State and county purposes for the year 1872, and the dis- position made of the same: -
Total amount on assessment roll .. $84,599 54
$81,676 04
Total amount collected .
33,782 50
Paid into State Treasury
Balance
Paid into Treasury :--
To County School Fund. .$15,083 76
To County Indigent Sick Fund .. 6,272 58
To County Road Fund. 7,666 56
To County Current Expense Fund. 18,870 64-$47,893 54
The Grand Jury impaneled for the May term of 1872 of the County Court, reported among other things that, in pursuance of a former order of the Board of Supervisors, the County Treasurer had loaned a part of the funds belonging to the Swamp and Overflowed Land Fund, and recommend that the money be "applied to the uses for which it was collected."
,
Total tax rate. $1,68
.08
"
$47,893 54
101
RAPID INCREASE AND PROSPERITY.
ROAD DISTRICT NO. 2.
S
789 52
By amount overdrawn ..
10,034 99
By warrants outstanding.
ROAD DISTRICT NO. 3. S
53 31
To balance in Treasury .
$13,706 09
By warrants outstanding SWAMP AND OVERFLOWED LAND FUND. .$27,926 77
To amount in Treasury.
This balance is made up as follows :- $ 1,505 00
Warrants on Current Fund .. 15,473 28
Warrants on County Road Fund. 3,607 90
Warrants on County Road Fund. 160 00
281 60
Certificate of purebase 277
132 00
Certificate of purchase 274.
600 00
Note of A. J. Meany.
1,507 98
Mortgage of Wigginton & Howell. 450 00
Mortgage, March & Stockird. 2,000 39
Mortgage, J. B. Cocanour. 2,208 62
Actual casb. $9,723 36
To balance to credit of District .. 6,433 36
By school moneys deficit
25 97
Sundry local funds. 6 33
Sundry over drafts.
RESOURCES OF THE COUNTY.
The property belonging to the county other than highways
is estimated as follows :-- .$80,000
Court House and grounds. 7,000
County Farm .. . 300
Old Court House (Snelling). 600
Pest House (Merced).
$87,900
Total
RATE AND AMOUNT OF TAX.
$1 75
1881-Total State and county tax rate.
Total tax levied for fiscal year 1880-81 was $113 948 18. Percentage on de-
linquent roll for the same year was
$869 71, making a total.
Paid as follows :-
Errors and double assessments. 910 09
493 95
Sold to the State .. .
Uncollected on personal property .. 16 58
Money collected under protest refunded 874 52
Railroad Company delinquency. ACRES AND VALUATION, 1880. . $4,698,298
Real estate.
755,808
Improvements.
Personal property.
Total valuation.
SG,757,602
1,260,000
Total acres in county.
152,267
Acres enclosed. 190,007
Acres cultivated. PRODUCTIONS OF THE COUNTY FOR 1880.
Acres of Wheat. 154,370
Bushels of Wheat. .199,130
13,127
Pounds of Butter. 900
Barley, acres.
Barley, bushels. . .145,927
200
Number of Lemon Trees. . .
Number of Orange Trees .....
12.
Rye, acres.
6,000
Acres of Grape Vines. . 4,364
Rye, bushels.
399
Number of Horses 6,590
Corn, acres.
Corn, bushels.
36
Beaus, acres
Potatoes, tons ... 343
G
Sweet Potatoes, tons ..
19,168
2,682
Hay, tons.
40
Hops, acres.
Hops, pounds. 1,600
6
Irrigating Ditches.
17,900
Acres Irrigated
Toamount in Treasury .
.50
Current Expense Fund.
.08
Indigent Sick Fund.
.215
General Road Fund
.06
County School Fund.
.03
Bounty Fund. .
.02
Squirrel Nuisance Abatement.
.13
Court House Bond Int. Fund.
Total tax rate. $1.77
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF COUNTY, 1880.
The following joint report sbows the financial condition of Merced County on the first day of May, 1881, as given by the Auditor and Treasurer :-
The funded debt of the county, uf which there is no definite record, amounts to $75,000, bearing interest at the rate of ten per cent. per annum, interest payable annually.
The floating debt of the county amounts to $80,596.77.
Of tbis amount $19,081.18 is payable from the County Road Fund to the Swamp and Overflowed Land Fund, and does not bear interest; also, $1,505 payable from the Current Fund to the Swamp and Overflowed Land Fund.
This leaves $60,010.59 of the floating debt which bears inter- est at the rate of seven per cent. per annum, and is made up as follows :--
Warrants unpaid against Current Fund .... .... $ 18,128 48
2,000 00
Warrants unpaid against the County Road Fund
Warrants unpaid against Indigent Sick Fund ... 2,669 67
10,034 99
Warrants unpaid against Road District No. 2
Warrants unpaid against Road District No. 3 13,706 09
13,471 36
Warrants unpaid against Bounty Fund.
$60,010 59
Total. INDEBTEDNESS OF THE COUNTY.
The total interest-bearing debt of the county is :-- $ 75,000 00
Funded debt (Court House bonds).
59,970 59
Floating debt (out. war.) $134,970 59
Total.
Add to the above amounts the $19,081.18 and the $1,505 due to the Swamp and Overflowed Land Fund, and bave as a total interest, and non-interest debt, $155,556.77.
The condition of the various funds in 1880 will clearly appear from the following :-- CURRENT FUND.
To balance in Treasury $ 77 50
$ 19,633 48
By warrants outstanding .. STATE PROPERTY TAX FUND. $ 4,821 05
To balance in Treasury COUNTY SCHOOL FUND.
$ 42 98
To balance in Treasury COUNTY ROAD FUND. $ 15,570 28
To balance in Treasury .. $ 21,081 18
By warrants outstanding INDIGENT SICK FUND. S 531 77
2,669 67
By amount overdrawn.
By warrants outstanding. BOUNTY FUND. 5 125 86
13,471 36
By amount overdrawn.
By warrants outstanding . SCHOOL LAND FUND. S 160 00
To balance in Treasury COURT HOUSE BOND INTEREST FUND. $ 1,048 32 Hay, acres
Corn ground.
1
Cotton mills.
Miles of Railroad ..
5,657
Population. .
Number of Voters
Water Power Grist-mills. 19,000
Sweet Potatoes, acres. 12
390 163
Number of Sheep ... Number pounds of Wool ... 1,300, 000 6,590 3
Number of Hogs.
Barrels of Flour made. 1,200
36
By amount overdrawn. MERCED SCHOOL HOUSE BOND AND INTEREST FUND. $ 645 49
To balance in Treasury . ROAD DISTRICT NO. 1. $1,789 89
Cotton, acres. 240
72,000
Cotton, pounds. . 21,000
Pounds of Cheese. 600
Pounds of Honey. I24
Oats, acres. 600
5:
Oats, bushels. 500
3,990
Number of Mules ... 9,627
Number of Horned Cattle. .268,440
Beans, busbels.
Potatoes, acres.
$114,817 89
Cash collected. $98,836 89
....
13,683 86-114,817 89
1,353,496
1,463
1876-State Fund.
.735
Certificate of purchase 424
102
HISTORY OF MERCED COUNTY.
SECRET AND BENEVOLENT, AND LITERARY SOCIETIES.
Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, Knights of Honor, Sons of Temperance, Work- man, etc.
THE county has a good class of inhabitants, and in hahits of thrift and industry are far ahead of many other counties in the State. Society is, however, somewhat divided into groups, caused hy the great mixture of nations and habits of life. In early times people were more united and harmonious in their associations. The early settlers well remember the long trip taken to visit a friend. Since the organization of the county, the population has slowly but steadily increased.
SOCIETY, PAST AND PRESENT.
In early times society was disorganized, and disagreements among settlers were common, but of late years peace and quiet- ness have heen the rule.
In early times the settlers were without the thousand attrac- tions and comforts of a home, cut off from the pleasures of society and the association of ladies, living in hotels, boarding- houses, cahius, hack-rooms of stores, offices, and, in fact, in all kinds of unattractive places. It is no wonder that the early miners and business men turned eagerly to the amusements of the day for the needed relaxation. Saloons, with their clinking glasses, convivial songs and inviting music, were among the first adjuncts of a new town. The miner, when his day's work was done, the merchant, when released from the busy cares of trade, the happy delver who had "struck it rich " and come to town to spend his "pile," as well as the penniless " bummer," all sought the cheerful rooms where music and liquor were plenty, and where the games of chance forined an attraction, even to him who simply watched the fitful changes of fortune. Music was in demand, and he who had any instrument from which he could invoke harmonious strains was certain to find an opportunity to do so for an ample remuneration. Violins, guitars, and other light-stringed instruments that were easily transported, were the first to find their way into the mining camps. The place that was able to secure anything approaching to the magnificent proportions of an orchestra was certain of an overflowing patronage.
Gambling saloons were the first to don fine raiment; even when in shake buildings with canvas walls, an attompt was made at ornamentation, to render them attractive to the eye, and inviting hy contrast with the general crudeness of their surroundings. Church organizations were slow in forming. They came next after the secret societies. Among the first organized were those about Snelling, then the center of popu- lation and husiness for that section.
I. O. O. F. AT SNELLING, 1865.
A lodge of I. O O. F. was instituted in Snelling, August 22, 1865, by Messrs. M. Burton and M. Lovejoy. The name of the lodge was Willow Lodge, No. 121, and its officers were R. R. Leake, N. G .; N. Breen, V. G .; G. W. Robertson, Sec- retary; and George Turner, Treasurer.
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