USA > California > San Diego County > San Diego > History of San Diego, 1542-1908 : an account of the rise and progress of the pioneer settlement on the Pacific coast of the United States, Volume II > Part 20
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Naturally, the people had some strange notions and supersti- tions about the practice of medicine. When Alfred Robinson lived in San Diego, in 1829, he found that every foreigner was supposed to have a knowledge of medicine. Being requested by an old woman to prescribe for her daughter, who was suffering with cramps, he prescribed a small dose of landanum. This having a good effect, he found his fame as a physician estab- lished. He says that, had he been so inclined and willing to furnish the medicines himself, he could have had a good prac- tice. Other visitors were less scrupulous, judging from the story he tells of a drunken American deserter who imposed upon the poor people of Santa Barbara, using his pretended knowledge of medicine as a means of procuring brandy for his own consumption.
The first American doctors in San Diego were the United States Army surgeons who came with the troops. Lewis B. Hun- ter and R. F. Maxwell, the surgeons of the Cyane, and the three doctors with Frémont's battalion, who arrived July 29, 1846, were undoubtedly the first, but they did not remain. There does not appear to have been a surgeon with the little garrison left under Captain Merritt; but when Commodore Stockton arrived
599
FIRST AMERICAN PHYSICIAN
with his ships, early in November, the surgeons attached to his fleet landed with the men and performed duty on shore. After the battle of San Pasqual, they were joined by Dr. John S. Griffin, the surgeon of Kearny's force. These doctors found themselves confronted by the problem of providing hospital accommodations for the wounded men. This was accomplished by quartering them with the private families in the town, where
DR. DAVID B. HOFFMAN
One of the earliest physicians, and first president of the County Medical Society
the surgeons could visit them. From this time onward, San Diego was not again left without a physician and surgeon. There were always government troops present, in San Diego or at the mission, and the surgeons attached to these small commands bridged the gap between the Mexican occupation and the com- ing of civilian physicians by doing a little practice outside their official routine.
The honor of being the first American practicing physician in San Diego probably belongs to Dr. Frederick J. Painter. He was an invalid and died November 30, 1853, at which time it was stated that he was an old resident, but very little information
600
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
about him is given. His professional card appeared in the first number of the Herald, May 29, 1851, and he is mentioned at dif- ferent times in that paper. He acted for a time as clerk of the common council in 1851-a position which paid $50 per month.
There were at least two other men in San Diego about the same time as Dr. Painter who are called "doctor" in the rec- ords, but no evidence has been found that they engaged in prac- tice. These are Dr. John Conger and Dr. Atkins S. Wright. The former acted as secretary of the ayuntamiento before the American civil administration began, and as clerk of the com- mon council throughout the year 1850, at the time the "bood-
DR. JOHN S. GRIFFIN Surgeon of Kearney's forces at the Battle of San Pasqual
ling" council was in power. Dr. Wright was a member of this first council, chosen June 16, 1850, and served one term. He was also city translator and interpreter and was well paid for his services.
Dr. David B. Hoffman was the next regular practicing physi- cian to locate in San Diego. A brief biography of him has been given. He was a graduate of Toland Medical College. When he came to the Pacific Coast, he was at first in the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, between Panama and San Francisco. His card first appears in the Herald on December 1, 1855, which probably marks the date when he left the employ of the steamship company and settled in San Diego. In later years he was post surgeon of the army in San Diego. When the
601
OLD TOWN PHYSICIANS
San Diego County Medical Society was formed, July 23, 1870, he was chosen president of the organization, and the address which he delivered on that occasion is extant.
On April 19, 1856, Dr. George E. Knight's card appeared in the Herald, but, apparently, he only remained a short time.
Dr. Edward Burr came to San Diego from Oakland soon after the Civil War, and was coroner and county physician for sev- eral years, being first elected in 1867 and again in the four suc- ceeding years. He was a native of Ireland and what would now be called "a doctor of the old school." Dr. R. J. Gregg was his assistant for a time in 1868-69.
An old resident of New San Diego relates that when he came, in 1869, it was often necessary for him to go to Old Town on business, and for this purpose he was accustomed to take Seeley's coach which ran between the two towns. The first time he made this trip, the coach halted in front of Dr. Burr's office, and the doctor came out and sprayed all the passengers with some liquid from a small perfumery spray. There was a smallpox scare on at this time, and it was his duty, as county physician, to disin- fect all travelers arriving at the county seat, and that was the way he did it.
Dr. George Mckinstry, Jr., came to California in 1846 and was somewhat prominent in the northern part of the state before coming to San Diego. He was first sheriff of the northern dis- trict, at Sutter's Fort, in 1846-47, and a business man at Sacra- mento and San Francisco at a very early day. He left a val- uable diary. He died before 1880.
The physicians at Old Town when Horton came were Hoff- man, Burr, and Mckinstry, who had settled in the order named.
The first physician to settle in Horton's Addition was Dr. Jacob Allen, who came from Santa Clara in the spring of 1869. He was a graduate of Toland Medical College. He had his residence, drug store, and office on the east side of Fifth Street, near F. He was also the first postmaster and kept the post- office in his drug store. He remained here several years, but many years ago removed to Riverside, where he died. He was the father of Legare Allen, a well-known official and business man of San Bernardino. He was engaged in a number of activ- ities and seems to have been regarded as an able man.
Dr. Robert J. Gregg is the pioneer of the physicians now living in San Diego. He is a native of Pennsylvania and a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He started west in the spring of 1864 and reached Texas, where he had yellow fever, and had to return home. In 1868 he came to San Diego, arriving October 16, and settled at Old
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Town. After acting as assistant to Dr. Burr a few months, he opened an office of his own in Horton's Addition, on the west side of Fifth Street, opposite Dr. Allen's drug store. He has since resided in New San Diego and practiced until his retirement, a few years ago, and is one of the best known phy- sicians in Southern California.
The next oldest pioneer physician of New San Diego is Dr. Thomas C. Stockton, who came here in 1869. He is a native
DR. ROBERT J. GREGG
Who settled at Old Town in 1868, but soon removed to the present city, where he practiced for more than thirty years. A man of rare culture. his writings and occasional addresses on literary topics enriched the city's intellectual life
of New Brunswick, Canada, and a graduate of Bellevue Hos- pital School. He was chosen coroner in 1875 and served two years, also as coroner and public administrator in 1880-1-2-3, and as city health officer at different times. Having purchased the property on the southeast corner of Columbia and F Streets, he leased it to the government for thirteen years and then he and Dr. Remondino occupied it for four or five years as a san- itarium. He was one of the organizers of the San Diego County
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CAREER OF DR. REMONDINO
Medical Society, in 1870, and a regular practitioner still in practice. His reminiscences of early days are most valuable as well as his collections, among which is a record of births, kept before physicians were officially required to make such returns.
Dr. P. C. Remondino is also one of the few living pioneer physicians. He is a native of Turin, Italy, whose parents came to America while he was young. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1865. Coming to San Diego
DR. THOMAS C. STOCKTON
A pioneer physician of New San Diego and relative of Commodore Stockton. Has served as coroner, public administrator and city health officer
in January, 1874, he opened an office next door to his old class- mate, Dr. Gregg, and entered at once upon the practice of his profession. He was city physician in 1875-76; county physi- cian for several terms; surgeon for the California Southern Railroad Company for some time; surgeon of the Marine Hos- pital, also surgeon for the Pacific Coast Steamship Company.
In 1887 he retired and built the St. James Hotel. In later years he resumed practice and is still actively engaged in it.
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
He is the author of several works on medical subjects which have a wide popularity, and is engaged in the preparation of others. His technical library is one of the best in the United States.
In 1874 the physicians in San Diego were: Drs. D. B. Hoff- man, Edward Burr, J. Allen, R. J. Gregg, T. C. Stockton, P. C. Remondino, W. W. Royal, Wm. A. Winder, and Chas. M. Fenn. Dr. Fenn came to New San Diego soon after Dr. Gregg,
DR. P. C. REMONDINO
Equally distinguished as physician and author. His "Mediterranean Shores of America" and similar writings exerted a powerful influence in making the fame of the San Diego climate
but did not engage in practice for some time after his arrival. He served as county coroner, county physician, and public administrator several terms between the years 1873 and 1885. He died in March, 1907.
Dr. Winder is one of the best remembered of the later resi- dents of Old Town. He was a native of Maryland who had led an adventurous life and was a veteran of both the Mexican and Civil Wars. In 1854 he sailed from New York as a cap-
DR. FRED BAKER
DR. P. J. PARKER
DR. A. J. ELLIOTT
DR. JOSEPH C. HEARNE
REPRESENTATIVE PHYSICIANS
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
tain with the Third Artillery Regiment, for San Francisco. The ship was wrecked and decimated by cholera, but he was among those rescued. Arriving at San Diego, he was stationed here and at Fort Yuma until the Civil War. After that war, he resigned his commission and, in 1872, settled. at San Diego and engaged in practice. After practicing about twelve years he retired. He was a man of character and had other interests besides those mentioned. He painted the portrait of Judge
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DR. DAVID GOCHENAUER
Located, 1886; founded the Agnew hospital, 1898; built Agnew Sanitarium, 1906: president Chamber of Commerce, 1907; county physician since 1895
Witherby which now hangs in the court house, and was the owner of Winder's Addition to San Diego.
There were also in 1874 the following other physicians in New San Diego: Drs. T. S. Harrison, W. S. Williams, Cluness Bibb, and Drs. Tufford and Barnes, the latter being the first homeopathist in San Diego. Dr. F. R. Millard came in Octo- ber, 1874, and still lives here, keeping a drug store. This com- pletes the list of early physicians.
607
THE COUNTY HOSPITALS
The first county hospital was the old cobblestone jail which Haraszthy built, at Old Town. It was used for a short time, and then, about 1869, a large frame house at Old Town was rented for the purpose.
After the county offices were removed to New San Diego, one of the old houses built by William Heath Davis was pur- chased by Captain Knowles and removed to Eleventh Street
DR. C. C. VALLE
Located, 1885; city trustee, 1887; later, member of city council; appointed San Diego County Health Officer, 1904; identified with progress of county, particularly mining industries
in Horton's Addition, and was later used as a hospital. It is still standing, and is now occupied as a residence.
The county farm in Mission Valley was purchased in Jan- uary, 1880, from the Commercial Bank. The magnificent new brick hospital building on the rim of the mesa overlooking the valley was erected in 1903-4. It is generously supported and well managed and is a credit to the people of San Diego County.
Following is a list of the physicians of San Diego at the pres- ent time. They are a fine body of men and women, who hold the professional standard high :
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Anderson, Thomas B.
Hulbert, Robert G.
Averill, Maria B.
Kendall, Oscar J.
Baker, Charlotte J.
Klietsch, Otto
Baker, Fred
Latta, Lelia
Burney, William A.
Leisenring, Peter S.
Burnham, Fred R.
Lentz, Nicholas
Butler, Edward A.
Howe, Robert C.
Crandall, Alice H.
Lewis, Eva. M.
Cummings, William M.
Lewis, J. Perry
De Borra, Alexis
Luscomb, Charles E.
Doig, Robert L.
Madison, Frank M.
Elliott, Albert J.
Magee, Thomas L.
Escher, John F.
Marsh, Charles E.
BUILDINGS AT COLUMBIA AND F STREETS Used by Drs. Stockton and Remondino as a sanitarium for several years
Fenn, Charles M. Fletcher, Oliver P. Franklin, Berte V. French, James M. Gochenauer, David Goff, H. Neville Goldschmidt, Leopold Grandjean, Arthur Greene, Dr. & Co. Gregg, Robert J. Grove, Edward Hearne, Joseph C. Hoffman, Mary E.
Mead, Francis H. Morgan, Addison Murphy, George S. Northrup, Daniel B. Oatman, Homer C. Parker, P. James Parks, Joseph A. Polhemus, W. P. Potts, Anna M. L. Powell, Charles S. Remondino, Peter C.
Reyber, Ernst L. Roberts, Samuel L.
ROLL OF PHYSICIANS
609
Skewes, Thomas J. D. Smart, Willard N.
Smith, David A.
Smith, Q. Cincinnatus Steade, James M.
Stockton, Thomas C. Stone, John B.
Sundberg, John C. Thayer, Orson V. Valle, Charles C. Verity, Minnie E. J.
Waterman, Elmer L.
Willard, E. P.
OSTEOPATHS
Byars, William R. Creswell, Lena Elliott, David H.
Frazer, Charles F. Woodhull, Anna B. Woodhull, Frederick B.
THE NEW COUNTY HOSPITAL
CHAPTER V
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
ETWEEN the fine library of today, in its rich B Carnegie housing, and the earliest organized aspiration of the people for such an institu- tion lay a score of years, marked by numer- ous vicissitudes. The humble beginnings of the free public library date back to January 24, 1870, when the first organization was formed at a meeting in the Baptist Church. It was soon incorporated under the name of the Horton Library Association and was founded on the promise of Mr. Horton to donate 600 volumes which he had acquired from H. H. Ban- croft in exchange for lots. Unfortunately, there was a dis- agreement with the donor, which ended in the withdrawal of the offer and the filing of new articles of incorporation under the name of the San Diego Library Association.
Says one of the members: "The only book the old Library Association ever owned was a pamphlet containing an address before the Bunker Hill Association, by George Warren, presi- dent of that society. This pamphlet was donated by Rev. Charles Russell Clark, of this city." In April, 1870, Mrs. E. W. Morse gave the association Lot 1, Block 18, Horton's Addi- tion (now occupied by Unity Hall), which afterward became the property of the Society of Natural History. It was not until several years later, however, that efforts to put the asso- ciation upon a working basis proved successful.
The San Diego Free Reading Room Association was organ- ized March 1, 1872, and maintained until the library was opened to the public, in 1882. It was a movement by a number of the same citizens who had organized the Library Association, to provide a free reading room where periodicals could be found, until such time as the library could be put upon a working basis. The first officers were: Charles S. Hamilton, president ; George W. Marston, vice-president; R. C. Grierson, secretary ; E. W. Morse, treasurer; W. A. Begole, Bryant Howard, and S. G. Reynolds, trustees. Mr. Cleveland was active in the work of the organization. The reading room was situated on Fifth Street, next door to the postoffice, and was open from 10 A.M. to 10 P.M. In March, 1873, a concert given in its aid pro-
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FIRST LIBRARY
duced $100, and Mr. Horton gave it the books which had been the bone of contention with the first association. These were afterward turned over to the new public library. In October, 1879, interest had flagged, the association was in debt, and the Union made urgent appeals for its support. There was some talk of a tax for its support in 1881, but the views of those who held that the time had come for the establishment of the public library prevailed.
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
The first officers of the San Diego Library Association in 1870 were: G. W. B. McDonald, president; A. Pauly, vice- president; E. W. Morse, treasurer; C. Dunham, recording sec- retary; Daniel Cleveland, corresponding secretary; G. W. B. McDonald, G. A. Jones, J. Allen, C. Dunham, J. W. Gale, D. Cleveland, A. W. Oliver, A. Pauly, and J. M. Pierce, trustees. These men and their successors kept the spark alive until May 19, 1882, when the first board of trustees of the San Diego Free Public Library was organized. This first official board consisted of Bryant Howard, E. W. Hendrick, George N. Hitchcock, George W. Marston, and R. M. Powers. Howard was made pres- ident; Hendrick, secretary; and Hitchcock, treasurer. The
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Commercial Bank offered the use of a suite of five rooms in its building free for six months, and the offer was accepted. Many citizens made donations of books, and others gave money. Among these early friends of the institution appear the names of Bryant Howard, E. W. Hendrick, A. E. Horton, Judge Alfred Cowles, Judge M. A. Luce, J. C. Frisbie, Rev. Mr. Cronyn, Dr. Remondino, Charles Treanor, George N. Hitchcock, Joseph Faivre, Mrs. Harriet Marston, and others. Generous givers in later years include Charles Nordhoff, Daniel Cleveland, George W. Marston, and others. On July 15, 1882, the library was for- mally opened to the public, with Archibald Hooker as librarian. The loaning out of books did not begin until early in Septem- ber, 1883. August 6, 1884, Augustus Wooster became librarian and continued to act until September 6, 1887, when Miss Lou Younkin was appointed librarian and Miss Mary E. Walker became her assistant.
When first opened, the library seems to have depended largely upon donations of books; but the raising of funds by taxation soon provided means for the purchase of new books upon a more liberal scale. The amount raised for the library by taxation in 1881 was $648.19. This grew to over $2,000 in 1886, then took a jump to $11,557.48 in the inflated days of 1887, but dropped to less than $6,000 the next year. The number of volumes in 1887 was 1,800; a year later it was 5,500, and in another year was 7,000.
In 1889 the fourth floor of the Consolidated Bank Building was leased for four years, at a rental of $150 per month. The first catalogue was issued early in this year. At the expiration of this lease, the library was removed to the St. James building, corner Seventh and F Streets, over the postoffice. Some 1,200 volumes were added in 1892, and in 1894 the total was 11,000 volumes. Early in 1895, the second catalogue was issued, con- forming to the Dewey classification, which is still in use. Miss Younkin was succeeded by Miss Mary E. Walker, as librarian, in December, 1895, and she by Mrs. Hannah P. Davison in May, 1903. The latter is the present incumbent.
In April, 1898, the upper floor of the Keating building, on the northwest corner of Fifth and F Streets, was leased and the library moved thither, where it remained until the construction of the present library building.
In June, 1899, Mrs. A. E. Horton wrote Andrew Carnegie concerning the need of a library building in San Diego, appeal- ing to the philanthropist for aid. She received the following reply :
613
BOARDS OF TRUSTEES
JULY 7, 1899.
Mrs. A. E. Horton, San Diego Public Library, Madam :-
If the city were to pledge itself to maintain a free public library from the taxes, say to the extent of the amount you name, of between five and six thousand dollars a year, and provide a suitable site, I shall be glad to give you $50,000 to erect a suitable library building.
Very truly yours, ANDREW CARNEGIE.
The trustees immediately accepted the offer and took steps to enable the city to meet its conditions. After several months' consideration a half-block was purchased on E Street, between Eighth and Ninth, for $17,000. Plans were submitted by archi- tects all over the country and those of Ackerman & Ross of New York were accepted. The cornerstone was laid on March 19, 1901, with Masonic ceremonies. Mrs. Horton read an historical review and Judge M. A. Luce delivered an oration. The build- ing is not only a great ornament to the city, but provides ample accommodation for the various departments of the institution.
A list of the trustees, from the earliest down to date, follows :
BOARDS OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES
HORTON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
January, 1870. G. W. B. McDonald, President. G. A. Jones. J. Allen.
C. Dunham, Recording Secretary.
J. W. Gale.
D. Cleveland, Corresponding Secretary.
A. W. Oliver.
A. Pauly, Vice-President.
A. E. Horton.
E. W. Morse, Treasurer.
FIRST OFFICERS OF THE SAN DIEGO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 1870.
G. W. B. McDonald, President. A. Pauly, Vice-President.
E. W. Morse, Treasurer.
C. Dunham, Recording Secretary. Daniel Cleveland, Corresponding Secretary.
A. Pauly, J. M. Pierce, G. A. Jones, J. Allen, C. Dunham, J. W. Gale, Daniel Cleveland, A. W. Oliver, G. W. B. McDonald, Trustees.
May 23, 1873.
E. W. Morse, President. William S. Gregg, Vice-President.
D. Cleveland, Treasurer.
C. Dunham, Recording Secretary. J. W. Gale.
A. W. Oliver.
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Jacob Allen. W. A. Begole. Charles S. Hamilton, Corresponding Secretary.
OFFICERS OF THE SAN DIEGO FREE READING ROOM ASSOCIATION".
Served from March 8, 1872
Charles S. Hamilton, President.
George W. Marston, Vice-President.
R. C. Grierson, Secretary.
to 1882.
E. W. Morse, Treasurer. W. A. Begole, Bryant Howard, S. G. Reynolds, Trustees.
SAN DIEGO FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
First Board. May 22, 1882. Bryant Howard, President. E. W. Hendrick, Secretary.
Geo. N. Hitchcock, Treasurer.
G. W. Marston. R. M. Powers.
Second Board,. June 7, 1887.
D. Cave, President
E. W. Hendrick.
John Ginty. E. T. Blackmer. G. N. Hitchcock.
Third Board, June, 1889.
D. Cave, President. E. W. Hendrick. John Ginty. George, N. Hitchcock, Secretary. E. T. Blackmer.
Fourth Board, May, 1893, the same members having held office from June, 1887 to May, 1893.
D. Cave, President. Philip Morse. Charles S. Hamilton. E. W. Hendrick. H. M. Kutchin, Secretary.
Fifth Board, May, 1895. D. Cave, President. E. W. Hendrick. George W. Marston. Philip Morse. Harriet W. Phillips, Secretary.
Sixth Board, May, 1897. D. Cave, President. In August, 1897, D. Cave E. W. Hendrick. sent in his resignation as George W. Marston. member of the Board- Philip Morse. accepted Dec. 14, 1897, Lydia M. Horton, and Dr. Fred Baker Secretary. appointed in his place.
Seventh Board, May, 1899. Philip Morse. Frederick W. Stearns. E. W. Hendrick. James W. Somers. Lydia M. Horton.
615
BOARDS OF TRUSTEES
Eighth Board, May, 1901.
Philip Morse. Frederick W. Stearns. Ernest E. White. A. Will Angier. Lydia M. Horton.
Ninth Board, May, 1903.
Leroy A. Wright, President. October, 1903, Mrs.
Lydia M. Horton, Secretary. Horton resigned, Frederick W. Stearns. and August, 1904, J. C. Hearne. the vacancy was filled by the C. F. Francisco. appointment of Julius Wan- genheim.
Tenth Board, May, 1905, as appointed by Mayor Frank P. Frary. Leroy A. Wright, 3 years.
Frederick W. Stearns, President, 2 years. Julius Wangenheim, 4 years. H. P. Davison, Secretary.
January 5, 1906, a new board was appointed by Mayor Sehon as follows: Sam Ferry Smith, President, 2 years. Rev. Clarence T. Brown, 3 years. Col. Fred Jewell, 4 years.
CHAPTER VI
STORY OF THE CITY PARKS
HE time has come when everybody can see that T the great City Park (which is worthy of a more notable name) is destined to be one of the chief beauties and glories of San Diego and one of the famous parks of the world. For many years it looked otherwise, for the reservation of 1,400 acres in the heart of the town appeared like the most hopeless of waste places and few believed that it would be possible to command the water, the money, and the genius to develop it to the high- est advantage. Suddenly the situation changed. Civic pride was aroused and directed along intelligent lines. The finest landscape architects were employed to work out comprehensive plans and put them in the way of gradual realization. Money was obtained from private and public sources to carry on the work, and its administration was vested in the hands of devoted citizens who stood ready to give freely of their time and thought to this labor of love.
It is seldom, if ever, true that a great public development may justly be credited to any single individual. The history of the City Park is no exception, as we shall see, yet in this instance there is one man who did so much, and did it so generously and wisely, that he is entitled to unstinted praise and to lasting remembrance. This man is George W. Marston. He was one of the few who never lost faith in the possibilities of that large tract of arid land, and he was the man who came forward at the critical moment to employ the finest genius in America to translate the barren wilderness into a spot of perennial beauty by means of a well-conceived, harmonious, unified design for its artistic development. The undertaking cost him $10,000 to start with, and this was doubtless but the beginning of his benefac- tion. As in all such cases, his financial contribution was of less value than the moral influence which it set in motion, for the enthusiasm of the whole citizenship was immediately enlisted in behalf of this neglected asset of San Diego. While the history of the park reflects credit upon many individuals, as well as upon the city as a whole, it will doubtless be regarded in the
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