USA > California > San Diego County > San Diego > History of San Diego, 1542-1908 : an account of the rise and progress of the pioneer settlement on the Pacific coast of the United States, Volume II > Part 22
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In 1896, when the agitation in favor of the creation of an arti- ficial harbor at San Pedro began, the Chamber adopted an atti-
629
OPPOSITION TO SAN PEDRO
tude of aggressive opposition. It was believed that an expendi- ture of many millions for such a purpose within 100 miles of a great natural harbor was wholly without justification, while involving a keen injustice to San Diego. Many leading news- papers, including the New York Times, supported the Chamber in its contention, but the San Pedro movement prevailed over all opposition.
HOMER H. PETERS
A prominent Chicago business man, who became interested in San Diego in 1903 and whose enterprise in several directions contributed materially to the city's growth. He served for a time as vice president of the First National Bank and was president of the Chamber of Commerce
The efforts of the Chamber in behalf of a great naval dry- dock, of a coaling-station, and of a naval training school have been intelligent and persistent. More than once, representatives were sent to Washington in the interest of these measures, while the congressional delegation has been constantly urged to action. Much preliminary work has been done, and it seems to be only a question of a little time when final results will be achieved. The latest work undertaken by the Chamber in connection with
630
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
the harbor is the dredging of the bar to an average depth of 30 feet for a width of 1,000 feet.
The annual reports submitted by the presidents of the Cham- ber of Commerce embody very good accounts of the city's com- mercial progress, but nearly everything of historical moment is mentioned elsewhere in these pages. It is interesting to note that the feverish prosperity of boom days brought nothing but depression to the Chamber of Commerce. It was reorganized
H. P. WOOD
An enthusiastic and effective worker for San Diego who, while Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, did much to build up the organization. Now Secretary of the Promotion Committee of Hawaii
JAMES A. JASPER
Who has had a prominent part in journ- alism, politics, and county administration, and who, as Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, rendered memorable service by bringing the organization out of debt
after the boom and gradually acquired a stronger position than ever before. In 1890, under the able management of John Kas- tle, the Chamber was taken out of debt and placed upon a sound financial basis. In January, 1905, A. E. Horton, D. Choate, and E. W. Morse were elected honorary life members. Since then Mr. Choate and Mr. Morse have passed away.
After its reorganization in 1889 the Chamber was domiciled in a ground-floor store-room in the Tremont House on Third
PHILIP MORSE
SIMON LEVI
J. S. AKERMAN
DR. EDWARD GROVE
PRESIDENTS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Street between C and D. In 1891, it removed to the Grand Hotel, now the "Worth," on F Street between Third and Fourth. Afterwards (in 1895) the headquarters were moved to the Marshall-Higgins block, corner Fourth and C Streets, where they remained until March 1, 1898, when they removed to quar- ters on the ground floor of the Grant building, corner of Sixth and D Streets. They have recently been removed to the second floor of the same building, where they are now located, occupy- ing the rooms left vacant by the removal of the Y. M. C. A. to its new building.
One of the most agreeable and useful functions of the Cham- ber is the entertainment of distinguished visitors, especially the representatives of foreign navies who frequently come to the port. In this way, the Chamber has doubtless done a great deal to secure the good will of influential men and interests for San Diego. Indeed, if the Chamber stood for nothing except the organized hospitality of the community-a hospitality extended alike to the most distinguished citizens of the world and to the humblest stranger who finds his way to San Diego-it would still rank among the most useful institutions. But it is much more than this. It has had a part in all good work which has been done for the city and county over a period of more than a generation, and has itself initiated very much of this good work.
During a large portion of its history, the Chamber has been exceedingly fortunate in the kind of men enlisted in its service. It has been able to command not only the support, but the earn- est devotion, of many of the strongest citizens, who have regarded it as the most important instrumentality in promoting local development. In later years, the office of secretary of the Chamber of Commerce has risen to great importance. The effi- ciency of the organization depends in large measure upon the energy, ability, and character of the man who fills this place. The Chamber has been fortunate in this respect during the period which had made the heaviest demands upon its resources. H. P. Wood, who served as secretary from 1899 to 1905, was a true builder of the organization and a successful promoter of its work. He was succeeded by James A. Jasper, whose intimate acquaintance with the people and the country, and long experi- ence as journalist and county official, peculiarly fitted him for the place. He signalized his entrance to the office by arranging to pay off the debts of the organization. He was succeeded in January, 1907, by John Scott Mills.
By no means the least important history of the organization is that contained in the following complete list of its officers :
633
LIST OF OFFICERS
From its organization in 1870 to the year 1907. 1870-Jan. 20-President, Aaron Pauly; Vice-President, G. W. B. McDonald; Secretary, Joseph Nash; Treas- urer, A. E. Horton.
1870-Mar. 3-President, Aaron Pauly; Vice-President, Dr. D. B. Hoffman; Secretary, Joseph Nash; Treas- urer, J. W. Gale.
May 5-Joseph Nash resigned as Secretary and David Felsenheld was elected.
May 30-J. W. Gale resigned as Treasurer and Charles Dunham was elected.
1871-President, G. W. B. McDonald; Vice-President, J. S. Gordon; Secretary, C. J. Craig; Treasurer, C. Dunham.
1872-President, G. W. B. McDonald; Vice-President, W. W. Stewart; Secretary, S. W. Craigue; Treasurer, C. Dunham. 1873-President, J. S. Gordon; Vice-President, J. M. Pierce; Secretary, W. W. Stewart; Treasurer, C. Dunham.
1874-President, J. S. Gordon; First Vice-President, A. H. Gil- bert; Second Vice-President, S. W. Craigue; Secretary, W. W. Stewart; Treasurer, C. Dunham.
1875-President, W. W. Stewart; First Vice-President, E. W. Morse; Second Vice-President, Jos. Tasker; Secretary, M. A. Luce; Treasurer, C. Dunham.
1876-President, W. W. Stewart; First Vice-President, E. W. Morse; Second Vice-President, W. A. Begole; Secretary, W. R. Porter; Treasurer, C. Dunham.
1877-President, J. M. Pierce, First Vice-President, A. H. Gil- bert; Second Vice-President, W. A. Begole; Secretary, W. W. Bowers; Treasurer, Jos. Tasker.
1878-President, J. M. Pierce; First Vice-President, W. A. Be- gole; Second Vice-President, A. H. Julian; Secretary, George W. Marston; Treasurer, Jos. Tasker.
1879-President, Charles S. Hamilton; First Vice-President, E. W. Morse; Second Vice-President, W. L. Williams; Seere- tary, S. Levi; Treasurer, Jos. Tasker.
1880-President, George W. Hazzard; First Vice-President, A. Klauber; Second Vice-President, J. M. Pierce; Secretary, S. Levi; Treasurer, J. S. Gordon.
1881-President, George W. Hazzard; First Vice-President, E. W. Morse; Second Vice-President, George W. Marston; Secretary, S. Levi; Treasurer, J. S. Gordon.
1882-President, S. Levi; First Vice-President, J. H. Simpson; Second Vice-President, G. G. Bradt; Secretary, D. Cave; Treasurer, W. S. Jewell; Librarian, J. M. Pierce.
1883-President, Arnold Wentscher; First Vice-President, George W. Marston; Second Vice-President, M. S. Root; Secretary, C. H. Silliman; Treasurer, George W. Hazzard; Mr. Wentscher resigned a few weeks after his election, and G. G. Bradt was elected president.
1884-President, George W. Marston; First Vice-President, J. H. Simpson; Second Vice-President, John N. Young; Secretary, C. H. Silliman; Treasurer, George W. Hazzard.
1885-President, D. Cave; First Vice-President, J. H. Simpson; Second Vice-President, E. W. Morse, Third Vice-Presi-
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
dent, Jos. Winchester; Secretary, J. H. Simpson, Philip Morse; Treasurer, George W. Hazzard.
1886-President, J. H. Simpson; First Vice-President, Philip Morse; Second Vice-President, D. C. Reed; Third Vice- President, J. S. Gordon; Secretary, L. S. MeLure; Treas- urer, John N. Young.
1887-President, G. G. Bradt; First Vice-President, Judge George Puterbaugh; Second Vice-President, J. W. Burns; Secretary, F. R. Wetmore; Treasurer, Theo. Fintzelberg.
In 1888 a new Chamber, called the Chamber of Commerce of San Diego County was formed, and for a time there were two. They were consolidated in October. G. G. Bradt was President of the old organization, and J. A. McRea of the new one.
1888-President, G. G. Bradt, J. A. McRea; First Vice-Presi- dent, Douglas Gunn; Second Vice-President, J. W. Burns; Recording Secretary, F. R. Wetmore; Financial Secre- tary, Theo. Fintzelberg; Treasurer, John Ginty.
1889-President, Douglas Gunn (resigned and John C. Fisher succeeded) ; Vice-President ; Sec- ond Vice-President,. Secretary, J. C. Amendt (later George N. Nolan) ; Treasurer, ..... . . 1890-President, John Kastle; Vice-President, Frank A. Kim- ball; Second Vice-President, F. H. Cunningham; Secre- tary, George N. Nolan; Treasurer, C. D. Long.
1891-President, Daniel Stone; Vice-President, Douglas Gunn; Second Vice-President, ; Secre- tary, Benjamin Lake; Treasurer, Theo. Fintzelberg.
1892-President, Daniel Stone; Vice-President, F. A. Kimball; Second Vice-President, H. P. McKoon; Secretaries, Con- rad Stautz, F. H. Bearne, and R. H. Young.
1893-President, H. P. McKoon; Vice-President, John Sherman; Second Vice-President, Charles S. Hamilton; Secretary, R. H. Young; Treasurer, George W. Dickinson.
1894-President, H. P. McKoon (died August 19, 1894, and was succeeded by John Sherman); Vice-President, John Sherman; Second Vice-President, George W. Marston; Secretary, R. H. Young; Treasurer, George W. Dickinson. 1895-President, R. V. Dodge-acted one month and was suc- ceeded by Philip Morse; First Vice-President, Philip Morse; Second Vice-President, John N. Young; Secre- tary, R. H. Young; Treasurer, George W. Dickinson.
1896-President, Philip Morse; First Vice-President, R. V. Dodge; Second Vice-President, U. S. Grant, Jr .; Secre- tary, V. E. McConoughey; Treasurer, J. E. O'Brien.
1897-President, Philip Morse; First Vice-President, R. V. Dodge; Second Vice-President, R. M. Powers; Secretary, V. E. McConoughey; Treasurer, J. E. O'Brien.
1898-President, R. A. Thomas; First Vice-President, R. V. Dodge; Second Vice-President, George W. Marston; Secretary, V. E. McConoughey; Treasurer, J. E. O'Brien.
1899-President, George W. Marston; First Vice-President, G. H. Ballou; Second Vice-President, W. L. Frevert; Secre- taries, R. V. Dodge, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, J. E. O'Brien.
635
LIST OF OFFICERS
1900-President, George H. Ballou; First Vice-President, W. L. Frevert; Second Vice-President, G. W. Jorres; Secre- tary, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, J. E. O'Brien.
1901-President, George H. Ballou; Vice-President, W. L. Fre- vert; Second Vice-President, G. W. Jorres; Secretary, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, Nat R. Titus.
1902-President, W. L. Frevert; First Vice-President, W. S. Waterman; Second Vice-President, M. F. Heller; Secre- tary, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, J. S. Akerman.
1903-President, W. L. Frevert; First Vice-President, W. S. Waterman; Second Vice-President, Dr. Fred R. Burnham; Secretary, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, J. S. Akerman.
1904-President, Homer H. Peters; First Vice-President, J. S. Akerman; Second Vice-President, E. Strahlmann; Secre- tary, H. P. Wood; Treasurer, G. W. Fishburn.
1905-President, J. S. Akerman; First Vice-President, Dr. Ed- ward Grove; Second Vice-President, Melville Klauber; Secretary, H. P. Wood (succeeded in October by James A. Jasper); Treasurer, Rufus Choate.
1906-President, Edward Grove; First Vice-President, Melville Klauber; Second Vice-President, Barker Burnell; Secrc- tary, James A. Jasper; Treasurer, Rufus Choate.
1907-President, D. Gochenauer; First Vice-President, Melville Klauber; Second Vice-President, O. W. Cotton; Secre- tary, John S. Mills; Treasurer, Ford A. Carpenter.
CHAPTER VIII
BANKS AND BANKING
HE first bank in the city was the Bank of T San Diego. It was organized early in June, 1870, by Bryant Howard, E. W. Morse, A. E. Horton, Joseph Nash, James M. Pierce, Mathew Sherman, A. M. Hathaway, Colum- bus Dunham, and Wm. H. Cleveland. The first officers were: A. E. Horton, president ; James M. Pierce, vice-president; Bryant Howard, treasurer; and Wm. H. Cleveland, attorney. Thomas L. Nesmith became president; E. W. Morse, treasurer; and Bry- ant Howard, cashier and manager. A year later the brick bank building shown in the cut was completed and occupied, and the newspapers called it "the handsomest brick structure in the city." In 1874, Charles Hubbell became cashier and so contin- ued until 1879.
The beginning of the "Tom Scott" boom soon brought about the organization of another bank-the Commercial Bank of San Diego. This bank was organized in October, 1872, by J. H. Braly, George Puterbaugh, Edward Kilham, and J. C. Braly. The capital stock was fixed at $200,000. The bank did not begin business until the first of March, 1873, in temporary quarters in the Vezie & Schuler building. The contract for the construc- tion of its own building, on the corner of Fifth and G Streets (now the city hall) was let to William Jorres in October, 1873, and the building was completed and occupied the following spring. The heaviest stockholder was Hiram Mabury, of San José. The first officers were: Captain A. H. Wilcox, president ; E. F. Spence, cashier ; and José G. Estudillo, assistant cashier.
The next development in banking business in San Diego was the consolidation of the Bank of San Diego and the Commercial Bank, under the name of the Consolidated Bank of San Diego, with a capital of $200,000. The first officers were: Bryant Howard, president ; J. A. Fairchild, cashier ; E. W. Morse, O. S. Witherby, George Geddes, Levi Chase. James M. Pierce, George A. Cowles, and Bryant Howard, directors. The new bank occu- pied the old quarters of the Commercial Bank, on the corner of Fifth and C Streets. In January, 1880, Mr. Fairchild resigned as cashier and was succeeded by Bryant Howard, and O. S.
637
SOME EARLY BANKS
Witherby became president in Howard's place. Later Howard became president and J. H. Barbour, cashier. In 1883, the bank was changed from a state to a national bank. The Consolidated National Bank was a power in San Diego for several years. It survived the bursting of the boom, but went down in the failure of 1893, and was never reopened. Among those hardest hit by this failure was Judge O. S. Witherby, whose fortune was prac- tically all invested in it.
The Savings Bank of San Diego County opened for business in May, 1886, with a capital of $100,000. Its officers were James M. Pierce, president; George A. Cowles, vice-president ; John Ginty, secretary and treasurer; later, E. W. Morse became president. This institution was a branch of the Consolidated National Bank and had its quarters in the same building. It was swept away with the failure of the parent bank, in 1893, and never resumed business. The same is true of the Pacific Coast Loan and Trust Company, which was an offshoot of the Consolidated Bank, and had its quarters in the same building and was managed by the same officers.
The next bank organized, in point of time, was the Bank of Southern California, which was reorganized in October of the same year as the First National Bank. It was founded in July, 1883, by Jacob Gruendike, R. A. Thomas, J. R. Thomas, John Wolfskill, and M. T. Gilmore. The officers for the first year were: Jacob Gruendike, president; R. A. Thomas, vice-pres- ident; and C. E. Thomas, cashier. Mr. Gruendike served con- tinuously as president until his death in 1905, with the excep- tion of a year or two in the late 80's.
Upon his death, D. F. Garrettson was elected president and he still fills the office. The original capitalization was $50,000. In October, 1885, this was increased to $100,000, and E. S. Bab- cock Jr. and W. L. Story were added to the board of directors. The present capital is $150,000, fully paid. The bank has owned and occupied its building on the northwest corner of Fifth and E Streets since its organization. The present officers are: D. F. Garrettson, president; Homer H. Peters, vice-president ; F. W. Jackson, second vice-president; G. W. Fishburn, cashier ; J. E. Fishburn and Simon Levi, directors. Besides its capital, the bank has $119,761.08 surplus and profits, and $1,443,210.72 deposits.
The First National Bank absorbed, about the year 1888, a sec- ond "Bank of San Diego," which had been organized Septem- ber 1, 1887, and opened its doors March 8, 1888. The officers of the latter bank were: J. H. Braly, president : J. C. Braly, vice-president ; George M. Dannals, cashier; General T. T. Crit- tenden, H. C. Watts, L. S. McLure, John C. Fisher, and W. D.
638
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
Woolwine, directors. It continued in business but a short time.
The San Diego Savings Bank is the oldest savings bank now doing business in San Diego. It was organized in April, 1889. The bank's quarters are in the Keating Block, on the northwest corner of Fifth and F Streets. It has a paid-up capital of $100,000, surplus and undivided profits of over $30,000, and resources exceeding $1,400,000. A well equipped safe deposit is maintained. The present officers are: J. W. Sefton, president ; M. T. Gilmore, vice-president; E. M. Barber, cashier; R. M.
BANK OF SAN DIEGO This was the first bank in the city, being organized June, 1870
Powers, Henry Timken, W. R. Rogers, and M. F. Heller, directors.
The Bank of Commerce was incorporated under state laws in 1887, and was one of the products of the rapid growth of that time. There were a number of changes in management, and at the time of the bank failures in 1893, the bank closed its doors, but for four days only. Dr. R. M. Powers then became the pres- ident and manager and served until 1903. In July of the latter year, Julius Wangenheim entered the bank and became its pres- ident, and at the same time it was reincorporated under national banking laws. Since that time, its growth has been constant. The old capital stock of $100,000 was increased to $150,000, the deposits have grown from $600,000 to almost $1,000,000, and
639
COLLINS AND DARE
there is a surplus and undivided profits of over $60,000. A general banking business is done, special attention being given to the commercial accounts of the city. The present officers are : Julius Wangenheim, president; B. W. Mckenzie, C. Fred Hen- king, cashier; J. C. Rice, assistant cashier; I. W. Hellman, B. W. Mckenzie, C. Fred Henking, Julius Wangenheim, and Vic- tor E. Shaw, directors.
The Security Savings Bank and Trust Company is an out- growth of the National Bank of Commerce, the stockholders being chiefly the same. This bank was organized May 26, 1905, with a paid-up capital stock of $125,000, the largest of any sim- ilar institution in Southern California outside Los Angeles. It
COMMERCIAL BANK OF SAN DIEGO; ORGANIZED OCTOBER, 1872
has recently moved into its handsomely equipped rooms on E Street near Fifth. Its officers are: Julius Wangenheim, presi- dent; George W. Marston, vice-president; Nat R. Titus, cashier and secretary; and John S. Hawley, Jr., assistant cashier and secretary. The deposits are $400,000 and the profits, $5,000.
The founding and career of the California National Bank are episodes still feelingly remembered by San Diegans. It opened its doors on January 8, 1888, with the following officers: Wil- liam Collier, president ; D. D. Dare, vice-president; J. W. Col- lins, cashier ; D. C. Collier, J. W. Burns, M. Kew, Douglas Gunn, and T. R. Gay, directors. The organizers and managers of the concern were Collins and Dare, who were newcomers in San Diego. It is said that Collins had once wrecked a bank in Chey- enne, and that Dare brought with him less than $7,000, and had
640
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
had no banking experience. These matters were unknown to the people of San Diego, however, and when attractive quarters were fitted up in the Methodist Church block, the managers soon gained the confidence of the public. The bank was opened in the midst of the crash following the boom, was liberal with loans, and was an important factor in the restoration of confidence which began to be felt in the fall of 1888. The following year the California Savings Bank was incorporated, and opened next
FEKL
GEORGE W. FISHBURN
Who has been cashier of the First National Bank since January 15, 1901, the period of its greatest growth
door to the California National. Matters apparently went well until the fall of 1891, by which time there was a general feeling of hopefulness about the situation, in which the condition of the banks was a large factor. But in October, the California National Bank failed suddenly and disastrously, and it was some time before the extent of the disaster was realized. Prom- ises of resumption helped to keep up hope; but the investigation by bank commissioners quickly revealed a condition of rotten- ness which astonished the public.
641
FAILURE OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIONAL
Collins and Dare had applied "boom" methods to their busi- ness, had made "wildcat" loans, and indulged in speculation of every kind. Dare was absent in Europe at the time of the fail- ure, and never returned. There was a good deal of sympathy for Collins at first, until the gross mismanagement of the bank had been fully exposed. His wife and daughter had been drowned in the Bay by the capsizing of a boat on September 1,
J. W. SEFTON
Located, 1889; president of San Diego Savings Bank and president of San Diego Flume Company, 1890; succeeded E. S. Babcock as president of San Diego Water Company in 1894, and, in 1895, brought about the consolidation of the two water com- panies. Began erection of Sefton Block in 1899, completing it in 1901
1890. Mrs. Collins was the daughter of Rev. R. G. Wallace, the minister of the United Presbyterian Church. But the develop- ments grew worse rapidly ; by February, 1892, it was known that the bank could not resume, and on February 23d Collins was arrested and brought before the bank commissioners. On March 3d, he committed suicide in the Brewster Hotel, by shooting him- self. The embezzlement was estimated at $800,000. The depos- its were over a million dollars, and only a small dividend was realized at the close of a long receivership. The California Sav-
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HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO
ings Bank, of course, went down with its parent organization.
None of the other San Diego banks failed at that time, but in the summer of 1893 the financial stringency which prevailed all over the country obliged several of them to close their doors. On June 20th and 21st in that year, six Los Angeles banks failed. The air was full of rumors, and soon a run began on the San Diego banks. They stood it well and paid out money as long as coin could be had for the purpose. They were solvent, but like other solvent banks, when cut off from outside support, were unable to convert their assets into cash on short notice. The Consolidated Bank closed on June 21st and never resumed busi- ness, although its depositors were ultimately paid in full. The First National Bank and the Bank of Commerce also closed the following day, but soon resumed business. The Merchants' National Bank and the San Diego Savings Bank were the only ones which survived the panic unscathed. The first named was a new institution, with its capital practically intact and unin- vested. This was San Diego's first and only panic of the kind. From that time on, the story of the city's financial institutions is one of conservative management and steady, healthful growth.
The Merchants' National Bank of San Diego, which has been mentioned as surviving the panic soon after its formation, was organized in the spring of 1893, with a paid-up capital stock of $100,000. The first board of directors were: M. A. Weir, Ralph Granger, E. J. Swayne, Dr. E. V. Van Norman, Moses Kimball, and Philip Morse ; and the officers : M. A. Weir, president; Ralph Granger, vice-president; and Frank E. Hilton, cashier. In Octo- ber, 1893, control of the bank was purchased by Edward Ivin- son and the bank reorganized. Edward Ivinson, Levi Chase, and G. B. Grow entered the board of directors; Ivinson became pres- ident; Chase, vice-president ; Ralph Granger, second vice-presi- dent; and G. B. Grow, cashier. An aggressive policy was adopted and the bank soon began to do a large business. Mr. Grow died February 7, 1903, and W. R. Rogers, who had been assistant cashier of the bank for several years, was chosen cashier. In January, 1904, Ralph Granger, Dr. F. R. Burnham, A. H. Frost, W. R. Rogers, and others bought the controlling interest in the bank from Ivinson, Granger became president and Burn- ham vice-president, and these officials, with Mr. Rogers as cash- ier and H. E. Anthony as assistant cashier, continue to manage the bank. The bank has an excellent location, in the Granger building, on the southwest corner of Fifth and D Streets. Its deposits are almost $1,200,000, and the surplus and undivided profits amount to nearly $100,000. There is a safe deposit department and every modern banking facility.
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