History of Litchfield county, Connecticut, Part 33

Author: J.W. Lewis & Company (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia : J.W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1532

USA > Connecticut > Litchfield County > History of Litchfield county, Connecticut > Part 33

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Military, commanded by Maj. Stephen Ranney, Lient. Swett, United States officer stationed at Springfield, acting as marshal, John M. Felder as adjutant, and Chauncey Hotchkiss as quartermaster, consisting of Cavalry, commauded by Capt. Carter. Band of music.

Matross company from Danbury, commanded by Lieut. Ambler. = of this town, commanded by Capt. Bissell.

composed of boys, in white uniform.

Light infantry, commanded by Capt. Shethar.

139

LITCHFIELD.

Infantry, commanded by Capt. Grannis.

= Lieut. Stone.

Ensign Norton. 'Two of the Committee of Arrangements.

Clergy and Orator. Gen. Timothy Skiuner, President of the Day.

Moses Seymour, Esq., 1 John Welch, Esq., Ozias Lewis, Esq.

Vice-Presidents of the Day.

Six of the Committee of Arrangements. Marshals of Connecticut and Vermont. Collectors of New Haven and Middletown. Citizens generally.

The procession passed under Osborn's prison win- dow with heads uncovered, each saluting the pris- oner with a passing bow, and the military giving him a brigadier's salute. Notwithstanding the hatred with which many of the Congregationalists regarded Democracy, the society's committee had generously tendered the use of their meeting-house for the occa- sion. Thither the procession wended. The services in the church consisted of a prayer by the Rev. Asa- hel Morse (Baptist), of Suffield ; reading of the Dec- laration of Independence by Jonathan Law, Esq., of Cheshire ; an oration by David Plant, Esq., of Strat- ford [since member of Congress and Lieutenant-Gov- ernor]; and an address by Joseph L. Smith, Esq., of Litchfield.

Before the arrival of the procession at the church an occurrence took place which created much ill-feel- ing and comment at the time. Messrs. Champion and Huntington entered the church, and were proceeding up the aisle towards the pulpit, when, according to Mr. Champion's statement, he was seized near the shoulder by Joseph L. Smith, Esq., a member of the committee of arrangements, who pulled him around, saying, " You have no business here, and must go out of the house." Mr. Champion replied that he was an old man, and wished for liberty to sit in the pulpit, assuring him that he would make no disturbance. Mr. Smith grew more boisterous, and the two clergy- men withdrew. Mr. Smith and his friends published a very different version of the story; while the Fed- eralists reiterated that Smith had at first boasted of the exploit, and declared that he would have called the military to his aid if it had been necessary in ejecting the intruders. Mr. Champion seems to have taken the matter very seriously.

" I was much afflicted," he wrote, "nt being cast out of the house of God where I had worshipped almost fifty-four years, and could expect to be there but a few ilnys more. Theso reflections crowded Into my mind when ejected and retiring from the place where God's honer had dwelt."

At the annual election in October, 1805, it may be remarked, not a single Democrat had been chosen to the Legislature in Litchfield County, and the Feder- alists had not been backward in taunting Osborn about the "revolution," which it was said he had boasted he would produce in this region. At the an- nual election in May, 1806, the tables had been par- tially reversed by the election of two Democratic rep- resentatives from Litehfield by a vote of three hun- dred and fourteen to three hundred and eight. A

portion of the Democratie enthusiasm in behalf of Osborn is attributable to an appreciation of his ser- viees in producing this result.

As an incident of the celebration, it is mentioned that during the day a placard was displayed on the door of one of the principal hotels, bearing the signifi- cant words, "NO DEMOCRATS ADMITTED HERE." Some gentlemen from a distance put up, as was their custom when this way, with an intimate friend who ehanced to be a rank Federalist. He soon inquired if they had come to attend the celebration ; and on being answered in the affirmative, he abruptly replied, "Then you cannot be accommodated at my house. As old friends, I should have been glad to see you ; as Democrats, I want nothing to do with you !" Such was the spirit of the times.

When the services in the church were over the pro- cession was reformed and proceeded to a large bower which had been erected in the meadow on the south side of East Street, nearly opposite the jail, where a cold repast had been prepared by Capt. Phelps. Seventeen regular toasts were drank, accompanied by the discharge of cannon and music from the band. Among them were the following :

" Justice-May false witnesses, perjured judges, and packed juries be banished from its courts."

"Selleck Osborn-Like Daniel in the lion's den, he is teaching hie persecutors that the beasts cannot devour him." [Three cheers.]

" Liberty of the l'ress-Litchfield Jail its stronghold." [Three cheers.] " The Political Clergy-If there were Iwenty Gods, perhaps some one might approve their services; but the ONE God wants no political pas- tors." [Three cheers.]

"The memory of our departed friend, Ephraim Kirby-Hlis virtues will live while our memory lasts ; his merits shall be known to pos- terity."

" Litchfield Jail-Our votes will level It ne the ram's horns did the walls of Jericho." [Six cheers.]

The Witness complains that the name of Maj. Sey- mour was stricken from the roll of justices of the peace for this county by the Legislature (May, 1807) because of his participation in the 6th of August cele- bration.

In June, 1807, The Witness gives the following summary of the suits against Messrs. Osborn and Ashley, viz. :

" Fine and costs in lbet suit with J. Deining, Esq ........ $316.46 For publishing case of Talmadge & Wolcott es. Gen. Hurt, with comments thereon, fine nud custa ... 605.98 For slandering Thomas Colllor. 622.00

(Holdes costs of complaint In favor of Mr. Ashley agulund Thomas G. Collier, which condalut the county court dis- Iniused.) Aggregate ..

$1474.44 **

Osborn was not the only man involved in libel suits in those days. The Hon. Tapping Reeve and Capt. Thomas Collier, of The Monitor, were both indicted before the United States District Court at New Haven for libeling President Jefferson ; and the Rev. Daniel Huntington, of this village, recovered one thousand dollars from Maj. Babcock, of the Hartford Mercury, a Democratie paper.

The Witness was discontinued in the summer of 1807, having been published about two years. Sel- leck Osborn was a native of Danbury, and after leav-

140

HISTORY OF LITCHFIELD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.

ing Litchfield published The Delaware Watchman at Wilmington, Del. A volume of his poems was pub- lished in Boston. He died in Philadelphia in 1826.

The Litchfield Monitor was discontinued in 1806, having been published by Mr. Collier for twenty-two years. Thomas Collier, son of Richard, was born in Boston, Feb. 20, 1760, and died in Binghamton, N. Y., 1844. On leaving this town he resided for several years in Troy. In June, 1799, an orphan lad of four- teen years, named John C. Wright, from Wethers- field, entered the Monitor office as an apprentice, re- mained with Mr. Collier until of age, married his daughter Mary, and for some time published a paper in Troy.

The Litchfield Enquirer, the oldest newspaper pub- lished in the county, issued its first number at Litch- field, June 20, 1826. It was owned and edited by Stephen S. Smith, and was then called the Liteh- field County Post. Dec. 25, 1828, Smith sold the Post to D. C. McClarey, who conveyed it to Henry Adams less than a month afterwards, Jan. 22, 1829. Mr. Adams changed the name of the paper to The Litchfield Enquirer, and edited it very ably and successfully till his accidental death, by drowning, in February, 1842. The Enquirer then went into the hands of Mr. Charles Adams, a brother of Henry Adams, and an experi- enced journalist, founder of the New Haven Palladium, and influential in the politics of this State and of New York. On Oct. 2, 1845, Mr. P. K. Kilbourne suc- ceeded as editor,-a position he held for near eight years following. Mr. Kilbourne was the author of a valuable "History of the Town of Litchfield," and assisted Mr. G. H. Hollister very greatly in the prep- aration of materials for his " History of Connecticut." Mr. Henry W. Hyatt succeeded Kilbourne as editor of the Enquirer, March 3, 1853, selling out to Edward C. Goodwin, Sept. 4, 1856, who was succeeded by Adams & Betts, April 2, 1857, Mr. Adams resuming the editorial chair, while Mr. Betts was publisher. On Oct. 13, 1859, Mr. James Humphrey, Jr., became editor and proprietor of the Enquirer. He was an extremely bright, caustic writer, and edited the paper throughout the war till April 13, 1865, when he sold it to Henry E. Wing and Alexander B. Shumway, the former acting as editor, and the latter as pub- lisher. George A. Hickox, the present editor, suc- ceeded Wing, July 29, 1866, and became sole pro- prietor in 1869. The Enquirer started as an indepen- dent paper, and has been such for several years past ; but in its intermediate period, it was a party paper,- first Whig and then Republican in politics. Its orig- inal size was five columns. In 1845, Mr. Kilbourne enlarged it to six columns. In 1860, Mr. Humphrey made it a seven-column paper ; and, in 1872, Mr. Hickox added another column, making it about double the original size. It has always been fairly prosperous, with a good subscription-list for a local paper.

The Litchfield Gazette was commenced in January,

1808, by Messrs. Charles Hosmer and Oliver Good- win, and was discontinued May 17, 1809.

Isaiah Bunce came to this town soon after, and commenced The Litchfield Journal, the name of which was changed to The Litchfield Republican in 1819; which, in turn, was succeeded by The Miscellany, a small quarto, in July, 1821. In September, 1822, Mr. Bunce began the publication of The American Eagle, which he removed to New Haven in March, 1826. Mr. Bunce was a man of enterprise, and estab- lished a bookstore, reading-room, and circulating library, and was for a few years a justice of the peace.

Nov. 3, 1833, Melzer Gardner, from Hartford, com- menced The Litehfield Democrat, which was discon- tinued in September, 1834. Subsequently, while editing a paper in Richmond, Va., Gardner was shot on board a steamboat near that city by a man to whom he had given offense by an article which he had published.

The Litchfield Sun was started by John M. Baldwin (a native of this town) in February, 1835, who sold out to S. G. Hayes, of New Haven, in September, 1837, who discontinued it in April, 1839.

In January, 1840, Charles E. Moss & Co. com- menced The Mercury, which was transferred to Josiah Giles in the following August. It was discontinued some time in 1842. The Mercury was soon succeeded by The Democratic Watchman, also published by Mr. Giles, which was discontinned in 1844.

In 1845, J. K. Averill commenced the New Milford Republican, at New Milford; in September, 1846, he removed his office to this village, and changed the name of his paper to the Litehfield Republican. W. F. & G. H. Baldwin, Albert Stoddard, and Franklin Hull successively continued the publication of the Republican. In 1856 the office was removed to Falls Village, where it was issued under the name of The Housatonic Republican, and subsequently dis- continued.

The Litchfield Sentinel was started about the year 1865, by S. H. Baldwin, with J. D. Champlin, Jr., as editor. It was owned successively by Mr. Champlin, Solon B. Johnson, and J. R. Farnum, and in 1873 the material was purchased by G. A. Hickox, the present proprietor of the Litchfield Enquirer.

THE LITCHFIELD LAW-SCHOOL.

This institution, the first of the kind in this country, was established by Hon. Tapping Reeve in 1784. He conducted it as sole principal until 1798, when the Hon. James Gould, LL.D., became associated with him in its management. From 1820, Judge Gould conducted the school alone for several years, and was then assisted by Hon. Jabez W. Huntington. In con- sequence of the failing health of Judge Gould, it was discontinued in 1833. The Litchfield Law-School was a celebrated institution, and at the time of its close the number of students had been one thousand

141

LITCHFIELD.

and twenty-four, every State in the Union having been represented. Of this number fifteen became United States senators ; fifty, members of Congress ; forty, judges of the higher State courts; ten, governors of States ; five, cabinet officers,-Calhoun, Woodbury, Mason, Clayton, and Hubbard; two, justices of the United States Supreme Court,-Henry Baldwin and Levi Woodbury; one, Vice-President of the United States,-John C. Calhoun ; and several foreign minis- ters, among whom was Hon. John Y. Mason, minister to France.

POST-OFFICE.

The Litehfield post-office was established in 1791. The following announcement appeared in the Litch- field Monitor in January of that year :

POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT.

" The Public, particularly Gentlemen in the Town and Vicinity of Litchfield, have some time lamented the want of a regular and weekly Intercourse with the City of Hartford, by a Post immediately from this Town, are respectfully assured tlint a Post, in conjunction with Mr. Isaac Trowbridge, the Rider from New York, will start from this Office for Hartford regularly once a week, commencing on Monday next, the 31st inst. This Establishment hae met the Sanction und Eucouragedient of Mr. Trowbridge, and the Undertakers wil be subject to the same Regu- lations and Responsibility required by the Postmaster General. Conse- quently, every Duty annexed to the Business will be strictly and point- edly observed.

" And that the Public may be better accommodated, and derive a sufo Repository for their letters, &c., a POST-OFFICE is opened in Collier's Printing Office, at which Place all Despatches to be transmitted through the Medimu of either Post must be deposited. During the Winter (and till the 1st of Mny next) the Post from New York will ride once a fort- night, and arrive on Tuesday Evening, commencing the 5th of the en- euing month. Those who have Business er Letters are requested to leave their directions nt this office, for New York on Tuesday, for Hartford on Saturday Evenings, preceding the days of departure, as tho l'ust will positively start at an Early Hour. Letters will be received at this offico for any part of the United States.

" LITCHFIELD, Jan. 24, 1791."

The following is a list of postmasters from the es- tablishment of the office to the present time: Benja- min Tallmadge, Frederick Wolcott, Moses Seymour, Jr., Charles Seymour, George C. Woodruff, Jason Whiting, Reuben M. Woodruff, Leverett W. Wessells, George II. Baldwin, R. Marsh, and II. E. Gates.

THE PHOENIX BRANCH BANK

was incorporated in 1814. The following were its ofli- eers until it was discontinued Dee. 15, 1864 :

Presidents .- Benjamio Tallmadge, 1811-26; James Gould, 1826-33; AsA Bacon, 1833-46; Theron Beach, 1816-52; George C. Woodruff, 1852-64. Cashiers,-James Butler, 1814-21; Austin Killmuru, I-21-26; Henry A. Perkins, 1826-28 ; Charles Spencer, 1828-38 ; Theron Beach, 1838-30 ; Gustavis F. Davis, 1839-51; Henry R. Cuit, 1851-64.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK

was organized Dec. 22, 1864. The first board of di- rectors were Edwin MeNeil, David C. Whittlesey, Henry W. Buel, Frederick D. McNeil, and Henry R. Coit. The following is a list of the directors from the organization to present time :

Edwin McNell, 1864-75; Henry W. Buel, David C. Whittlesey, Fred- erick D. McNell, 1864-81; David E. Costwick, INGG-73; J. Demlug l'erkins, 1873-75; Charles R. Andrews. Henry R. Colt, 1875-81. Presidente,-Edwin McNeil, 1864-73; Henry H. Colt, 1875-8].

Cashiers .- Henry R. Cult, 1801-73; Goorgo E. Jones, 1873-81.

The capital is $200,000; surplus, Jan. 1, 1881, $40,000; dividends since the organization to Jan. 1, 1881, $345,000.

THIE LITCHFIELD BANK

was incorporated in 1856, and organized in 1857, with William H. Crossman president, and Edward L. Houghton secretary. It was discontinued.

LITCHFIELD SAVINGS SOCIETY.

This society was incorporated in 1850 by Seth P. Beers, Theron Beach, Edwin B. Webster, Josiah G. Beckwith, George Seymour, Oliver Goodwin, Gustavus F. Davis, William F. Baldwin, Samuel P. Bolles, George C. Woodruff, G. H. Hollister, Ozias Seymour, Charles S. Webb, Charles Adams, and Jason Whiting. The first president was George C. Woodruff; vice- president, S. P. Bolles ; secretary and treasurer, G. F. Davis.

Presidents .- 1850-53, George C. Woodruff; 1853-56, J. G. Beckwith ; 185G-

62, Jason Whiting ; 1873-78, Edward W. Seymour; 1878, George C. Woodruff, still in office.

Secretaries and Treasurers,-1850-51, G. T. Davis; 1851-52, S. I. Bolles ; 1852-75, II. R. Cuit ; 1875, George K. Jones; 1876, 11. R. Coit, still in office.

Regular semi-annual dividends from five to six per cent. per annum have been paid since organization, with extra dividends of two per cent. per year from 1867 to 1872.

The present direetors are George C. Woodruff, George MI. Woodruff, F. D. McNeil, William H. Braman, Jesse L. Judd.

Deposits, 8715,000; surplus, $31,000.

SPRING IttLL,

a home for nervous invalids, was opened in the year 1858 by Dr. H. W. Buel. The design of the home is to affordl the most thorough medical care and treat- ment, combined, as far as may be, with the family life. Under this plun the very best results have been and still are attained. Connected with the home are some three hundred neres of land, lying just in the border of the village, and affording ample grounds for recreation and amusement. A cultivated lady acts as matron, and accommodations are provided for from twenty to twenty-five ladies and gentlemen, under the personal care and supervision of Dr. Buel himself.

THE LITCHFIELD MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY was organized in 1833, with Phineas Miller president, Leonard Goodwin secretary, and Oliver Goodwin treasurer.

THE LITCHFIELD HISTORICAL SOCIETY was or- ganized in 1856, with Seth P. Beers president.

TIL: LITCHFIELD AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY was incorporated in 1818.

THE LITCHFIELD (NEW BANTAM) VIGILANT SOCIETY was organized in 1828.

142

HISTORY OF LITCHFIELD COUNTY, CONNECTICUT.

ST. PAUL'S LODGE, No. 11, F. AND A. M.

The charter of this lodge was issued by the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, June 1, 1781, to the following petitioners : James Nichols, John Watkins, Thomas Phillips, Eaton Jones, Benjamin Hanks, John Collins, Noah Blakesley, William Durkee, Daniel Starr, John Colvill, John Kettle, Josiah Norton, and Adino Hale. The lodge was organized June 13, 1781. The follow- ing is a list of Masters from its organization to 1881 :

Ashbel Baldwin, 1781-82; Benjamin Hanks, 1782-86; Jonathan Kettle, 178G-88 ; Julius Deming, 1788-90; Isaac Baldwin, Jr., 1790-93; Ephraim Kirby, 1793-95; John Allen, 1795-98; Ephraim Kirby, 1798-99: Isane Baldwin, Jr., 1799-1801; Ephraim Kirby, 1801-3 ; Aaron Smith, 1803-6; Peter Sherman, 180G-8; Aaron Smith, 1808 -12; Roger Cook, 1812-14 ; Lucius Smith, 1814-15 ; Elijah Adams, 1815-16; Lucius Smith, 1816-19; David Marsh, 1819-22; James Win- ship, 1822-23; Phineas Lord, 1823-24; Phineas B. Taylor, 1824-28; Frederick Buel, 1828-31 ; Heman W. Childs, 1831-37; Samuel Buel (20), 1837-43; Stephen Deming, 1843-46; Charles L. Webb, 1846-49; Phineas B. Taylor, 1840-50; Frederick Bnel, 1850-52; Frederick D. Beeman, 1832-54; David E. Bostwick, 1854-66; El D. Wecks, 1866- 68; Alexander B. Shumway, 1868-70; Elbert G. Roberts, 1870-71 ; Edson Staples, 1871-73; Samnel W. Ensign, 1873-74; William Dem- ing, 1874-75 ; Charles JI. Platt, 1875-77; Walter K. Peck, 1877-79; James J. Newcomb, 1879-80.

MINERALS.

It was thought at one time that the mineral de- posits in this town were of great value, particularly copper, and companies were organized for working the "mine." All, however, were unsuccessful. P. T. Barnum was at the head of one of these companies.

TEMPERANCE IN LITCHIFIELD IN 1789.

The first temperance organization in this State, and probably the first in the world, was organized in Litchfield in 1789, as follows :

"So many are the avenues leading to human misery that it is impos- sible to guard them all. Such evils as are produced by our own folly and weakness are within our power to avoid. The immoderato use which the people of this State make of Distilled Spirits is undoubtedly an evil of this kind. It is obvious to every person of the smallest obser- vation that from this pernicious practice follows a train of evils difficult to be enumerated. The morals are corrupted, property is exhausted, and health destroyed. And it is most sincerely to be regretted that from a mistaken idea that distilled spirits are necessary to luboring men, to counternet the intluence of heat and give relief from severe fatigue, that a most valuable class of citizens have been led to contract a habit of such dangerous tendency. Hence arises the inability to pay public taxes, to discharge private debts, and to support nud educate families. Serionsly considering this subject, and the frowns of Divine Providence in denying many families in this part of the country the means of a comfortable sub- sistence the present year by failure of the principal crops of the earth, we think it peculiarly the duty of every good citizen to unite his efforts to reform n practice which leads so many to poverty, distress, and ruin. Whereupon we do hereby associate, and mutually agree, that hereafter we will carry on our business withont the use of distilled spirits as an article of refreshment, either for ourselves or those whom we employ, and that instead thereof we will serve our workmed with wholesome food and common simple drinks of our own production.

" Benjamin Kirby,

Archibald McNeil,

Timothy Skinner, David Bnel,

Abraham Bradley,

I. Baldwin, Jr.,

T. Reeve,

Collier & Adamı,

Julius Deming, Benjamin Tallmadge, Uriah Tracy, Ebenezer Marsh,

Tobias Cleaver,

Amos Galpin,

Thomas Trowbridge,

Moses Seymour, Samuel Marsh, S. Shethar,

James Stone,

Solomon Buel,

Samuel Seymour,

Daniel Sheldon, Ozias Lewis,

Lawrence Wessells,

Elijah Wadsworth,

Alexander Catlin, Reuben Smith, Lynde Lord,

Bryant Stoddard, Abrahaor Peck, Frederick Wolcott, Nathaniel Smith (2d), John Allen, John Weich, Arthur Emoions."

" By Necessity and on Principle, in consequence of little experiment and much observation, I havo effectually adopted and adhered to the saln- tary plan herein proposed during several months past, and am still re- solved to persevere until convinced that any alteration will be productive of some greater good, whereof at present I have no apprehensions whilst Human Nature remains the same.

" LITCHFIELD, 9th of May, 1789.

J. STRONG."

SLAVERY IN LITCHFIELD.

Slavery can hardly be said to have existed in this town during the present century, and it has for years been extinct. In the year 1800 only seven blacks were accounted slaves, though some born such are still living. During the eighteenth century, however, it existed here in a mild form, as it did in other parts of the State. The records of Wills and Distribution show that a considerable proportion of the personal estate of the most opulent of our early settlers con- sisted of negro servants.

The following document, executed by the first Gov- ernor Oliver Wolcott, we find on our town records :

" Know all men by these presents that I, Oliver Wolcott, of Litchfield, in the State of Connecticut, in expectation that my negro servant man, Cæsar, will, by his industry, be able to obtain n confortable subsistence for himself, and that he will make a proper use of the freedom which I hereby give him, do discharge, liberale, and set free, him, the said Cæsar, and do hereby exempt him from any further obligations of servitude to me, my heirs, and from every other person claiming any authority over him, by, from, or under me. And that my said servant, whom I now muke free, as aforesaid, may be known hereafter by a proper cognomen, I hereby give him the name of Jamus, so that hercafter he is to be known and distinguished by the name of Casar Jamus. As witness my hand and seal, in Litchfield, Nov. 23, A.D. 1786.

"OLIVER WOLCOTT. [L. s.]

" In presence of

" MARY ANN WOLCOTT,

"FREDERICK WOLCOTT."

During the latter part of the last century the blacks, in imitation of the whites, chose for themselves a Governor and other State officials. Their last Gov- ernor was Will, a resident of this town, whose obitu- ary appears in the Monitor of Wednesday, March 6, 1793, as follows :

" Died, on Thursday, of consumption, Will, a free negro (formerly owned by Naj. Seymour), governor of the blacks in this vicinity. His integrity and faithfulness through life will, we hope, entitle him to the rewards of the good and faithful serrant."*

" As was the case with the settlers of the New Eng- land towns generally, the founders of Litchfield re- garded the subject of education as a matter of primary importance. As stated elsewhere, one-sixtieth part of the township (about seven hundred acres) was originally set apart for the support of schools. In December, 1725, eight pounds were appropriated from the town treasury 'for hiring schoolmasters and school-dames' to instruct the children in reading and

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History of Litchfield county, Connecticut, Part 33

Author: J.W. Lewis & Company (Philadelphia, Pa.) Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Philadelphia : J.W. Lewis & Co. Number of Pages: 1532

Author: J.W. Lewis & Company (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia : J.W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1532