The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1884, Vol. I, Part 23

Author: Trumbull, J. Hammond (James Hammond), 1821-1897
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Boston, E. L. Osgood
Number of Pages: 870


USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1884, Vol. I > Part 23


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The Rev. Henry Clay Trumbull (born at Stonington, June 8, 1830), a brother of Dr. J. H. Trumbull, since 1875 editor of the " Sunday School Times" in Philadelphia, published : "The Knightly Soldier," a memoir of Major Henry W. Camp, in 1865; " The Captured Scout of the Army of the James," 1867; "Kadesh-Barnea," including "Studies of the Route of the Exodus," etc., 1884; "Teaching and Teachers," 1884; " The Blood Covenant," 1885; and other writings, biographical and religious. Mr. Trumbull was a resident of Hartford during the years 1851-1875, serving as chaplain of the Tenth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers in the Union army, 1862-1865.


Edmund Clarence Stedman (born at Hartford, Oct. 8, 1833), widely and favorably known as a poet and critic, belongs rather to New York than to the city of his nativity. He went to New York in 1855, and with that city his literary career is most closely associated.


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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.


John Fiske (born at Hartford, 1842), formerly assistant librarian and leeturer at Harvard College, author of " Myths and Myth-Makers," 1873, "Outlines of Cosmie Philosophy," 1875, " The Unseen World," 1876, " Excursions of an Evolutionist," 1884, "The Idea of God," 1885, etc., is by birth a Hartford man, though his spurs have been won elsewhere.


Among natives or residents of Hartford County who have been prominent in scholarship and education may be noted the following : The distinguished lexieographer, Noah Webster (born at West Hartford, Oct. 16, 1758), lived at Hartford off and on up to 1785, and published there in 1783 his famous spelling-book.1 The Rev. Philip Milledoler (born at Farmington, Sept. 22, 1775), from 1825 to 1841 President of Rutgers College and Professor of Moral Philosophy and Christian Evidences, was the author of numerous addresses, essays, and lee- tures on theological subjects. The Rev. Heman Humphrey (born at West Simsbury, March 26, 1779), President of Amherst College, 1823-1845, published several works, and in particular "Life and Writings of T. H. Gallaudet," 1859. Professor Ethan Allen Andrews (born at New Britain in 1787) became in 1822 Professor of Ancient Languages in the University of North Carolina. His Latin Grammar (Andrews and Stoddard's) has had an immense circulation, and he is the author of a Latin dictionary and other books of Latin instruc- tion. Dr. John Lee Comstock (born at East Lyme), long a resident at Hartford, published numerous text-books in chemistry, botany, natural history, physical geography, mineralogy, and physiology, which had a sale, all told, of nearly a million copies. He also published a " History of the Greek Revolution," 1829. The Rev. Romeo Elton (born at Bristol, 1790), at one time Professor of Ancient Languages in Brown University, and editor of the " Eelectie Review," published among other works a " Biographical Sketch of Roger Williams " and an edition of " Callender's Century Sermon." The Rev. Charles Augustus Good- rich (born at Ridgefield, 1790), settled at Berlin from 1820 to 1848, and at Ilartford from 1848 to 1862, assisted his brother, S. G. Goodrich, in the preparation of books for the young, and published "The Lives of the Signers," "View of all Religions," "Family Encyclopedia," and other books of religion and instruction. Denison Olmsted (born at East Hartford, 1791), Professor of Mathematies, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy, in Yale College, 1825-1859, published a number of valuable text-books on astronomy, natural philosophy, etc. William Channing Woodbridge (born at Medford, Mass., Dec. 18, 1794) taught at the Hartford Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb from 1817 to 1820, and assisted Mrs. Willard in preparing a compendium of geography. From 1831 to 1838 he edited the " American Annals of Education," and was, besides, the author of several elementary text-books. The Rev. Edward Robinson (born at Southington, April 10, 1794), Professor of Sacred Literature at Andover from 1830 to 1837, and at the Union Theological Seminary in New York from 1837 to 1863, was the author of " Biblical Researches in Palestine," "Physical Geography of the Holy Land," and of many contributions, original and translated, to Greek and Hebrew lexicog-


1 A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. In Three Parts. Part I. By Noah Webster, A. M. Hartford, 1783. Printed by Hudson & Goodwin, for the Author, 1783.


Y Webster


173


HARTFORD IN LITERATURE.


raphy. He was four years editor of the " Biblical Repository," estab- lished the "Bibliotheca Sacra " in 1843, and was one of the most distinguished of American scholars. The Rev. Hector Humphrey (born at Canton, June 8, 1787) was Professor of Ancient Languages at Wash- ington (now Trinity) College, and from 1831 to 1857 President of St. John's College, Annapolis. William Alexander Alcott (born at Wol- cott, Aug. 6, 1798) was at Hartford in 1832, assisting William C. Woodbridge in preparing geographies and in editing the " American Annals." He published over a hundred books in the course of his life, mostly on education. Catherine Esther Beecher (born at East Hampton, Long Island, Sept. 6, 1800) conducted a famous seminary at Hartford from 1822 to 1832, and published at different times a number of books on female education, domestic economy, etc. The Rev. David Newton Sheldon (born at Suffield, June 26, 1807) was from 1843 to 1853 President of Waterville College. He is the author of " Sin and Redemption," and of published sermons. The Rev. Alonzo Bowen Chapin (born at Somers, March 10, 1808), formerly editor of the " Calendar," and President of Beloit College, is the author of " Puri- tanism not Protestantism," and other books, religious and educational. Professor Anthony Dumond Stanley (born at East Hartford, April 2, 1810), Professor of Mathematics at Yale from 1836 to 1853, pub- lished a " Treatise on Spherical Trigonometry," "Tables of Loga- rithms," and a revised edition of Day's Algebra. The Rev. Noah Porter (born at Farmington, 1811), President of Yale College since 1871, and for many years Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the same institution, has published numerous works, including "The Human Intellect," 1868; " Books and Reading," 1870; " The American Colleges and the American Public," etc. Elihu Burritt, "the learned blacksmith " (born at New Britain, Dec. 8, 1811), was a voluminous author of tracts, pamphlets, translations, and contributions to the peri- odical press. Henry Barnard, LL.D. (born at Hartford, Jan. 14, 1811), well known by his life-long labors in the cause of education, has been editor of the "Connecticut Common School Journal " and the " American Journal of Education," and has published numerous reports, documents, and other writings, historical and biographical, bearing on the general subject of education. The Rev. Chester S. Lyman (born at Manchester, Jan. 13, 1814) has been since 1859 Professor of Industrial Mechanics and Physics in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College. Ilis published writings consist of contributions to " Silliman's Journal " and the " New Englander," an " Address on Scientific Education," 1867, etc. Professor John Pitkin Norton (born at Farmington in 1822) was the first Professor of Agricultural Chemistry in Yale College. He published " Elements of Scientific Agriculture," and a few other papers. He died at the age of thirty, leaving an impression of great promise. William Graham Sumner (born at Hartford, Oct. 30, 1840), since 1872 Professor of Political and Social Science in Yale College, has published a " History of American Currency," 1874 ; a " History of Protection in the United States," 1876 ; "Life of Andrew Jackson," 1882; " What Social Classes Owe to Each Other," 1883, etc., and numerous contribu- tions to reviews and magazines.


Since this chapter was written and put into type there have been important additions to the literature which belongs properly to Hartford,


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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.


and their omission is to be explained in that way ; while the necessary limitations of so comprehensive a sketch must be accepted as the rea- son for not attempting to describe the various literary clubs which have made and make an interesting and important feature of life in Hartford.


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CHAPTER IX.


THE MILITIA AND INDEPENDENT COMPANIES.


THE MILITIA.


BY SHERMAN W. ADAMS.


A RMS AND ARMOR. - In March, 1638, Hartford, Windsor, Wethersfield, and Agawam were required, in an order of the General Court, to provide corselets for their fighting-men, to the number of twenty-one, twelve, ten, and seven, respectively. These armor-coverings were neither of plate nor chain ; but were - at least in 1642 - of heavy cotton cloth, " basted with cotton-wooll, and made defensiue agt Indean arrowes." 1 Outside of these, coats of the skins of the raccoon, wolf, or bear furnished additional protection against both weather and weapon. Perhaps we should include under this head the " snow-shoes and Indian shoes " required by the Act of 1704. In 1722 Wethersfield purchased thirty pairs each, of snow-shoes and "maugi- sons," for military use. In 1782 dragoons were required to wear " a cap, made of jirk leather, sufficient to withstand the force of a broad- sword." In 1638 every "military man" was required to keep " one pound of matche, if his peece be a match locke." In 1642 two fathoms of match were required for each matchlock musket. The match (more properly slow-match) was of prepared rope, coiled around the stock of the musket. Snaphances (literally, snap-cocks) were supplied with a cock and trigger, to the former of which a piece of match, or flint, was attached.


Firelocks (later called flintlocks) were coming into use. In 1673 the law required that they have six spare flints each; and the barrel might be either of the " bastard " or of the " coliver " (culverine) form and size. The firelock was not rejected by statute until 1862. It was the fire-arm principally in use in the Mexican War. Beginning about 1820, percussion cap-locks were gradually introduced ; but in the late Civil War these were to some extent superseded by the Whitney rifled musket, and later by breech-loaders having a percussion tape or cartridge.


Bandoliers were worn, holding twelve or more separate charges. About 1700 the cartouch-box was substituted for the bandolier. In the Revolution it was made to contain sixteen ball-cartridges ; but many soldiers had to be content with the bullet-pouch and powder-horn.


The rude pike or lance was an efficient weapon. In 1642 each town was required to procure twenty " half-pikes," to be of "ten foote in


1 But plate armor - certainly the cuirass - was worn by some officers nearly as late as A.D. 1700.


176


MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.


length, at least, in the wood." The full pike was fourteen feet long, in 1666, and twenty pikemen were required to every hundred soldiers. The bayonet succeeded to the pike, probably before 1700. It was at first inserted in the muzzle of the piece. The ring-bayonet soon fol- lowed. In the early part of the present century, perhaps as late as 1820, the form of pike known as the " espontoon " was much in use.


Swords, hangers (sabres), and "cutlashes " were in use from the beginning, being in 1650 required for all soldiers. In 1702 a "trooper" was required to carry a sword or cutlass in addition to his carbine and " case of pistols." For his carbine, when firing, he carried a "rest."


Of cannon, the first and only siege guns mounted in this county were those placed in the work on Dutch Point by the Dutch occupants of 1633.1 Two unmounted cannon were brought from Piscataqua (now Kittery, Maine) in 1642; but they probably went to Saybrook. Sakers and minions were then in use; and Robert Saltonstall, of Windsor, contracted to furnish two pieces in 1642. It is not probable that any field artillery was used in this county before 1792. In 1822 eighteen 6-pounders of iron were received at the Arsenal at Hartford, from the United States. At the same place are now two 12-pounder bronze field- cannon, and two bronze howitzers of the same calibre. Down to 1840, or later, most of the artillery was drawn by men, with drag-ropes.


UNIFORMS. - No distinctive uniform for soldiery was required before or during the Revolution.2 The cocked hat was worn by both American and British soldiers ; but the infantry militia of Connecticut, following the United States army, adopted the shako with pompon, in 1813 or earlier, and retained it nearly fifty years ; that is, so far as they wore any uniform hat or cap. Grenadiers, after 1782, wore the bearskin cap. "Troopers" wore the bearskin or busby. The chapeau-bras has been worn by officers of the Governor's staff for many years. In the late Civil War the MeClellan cap and felt hat of the regular army was worn by our soldiers. The German pickelhaube (pike-helmet) was adopted by our First Regiment in 1879, -the first, it is said, in the United States. As to the other outer garments, the cavalry com- panies, as early as 1782, were allowed to choose the "colour of their cloathing." In 1783 the same privilege was accorded to the " artillery, or matross companies." From 1792 to 1811 cavalry-men and artillery- men were compelled to wear distinctive uniforms; and infantry were so compelled from 1811 to 1815. From 1816 to 1847 there was no legal obligation upon the infantry to wear a uniform ; but in fact some compa- nies, which were made the flank-companies, did wear one ; while others, the " battalion " companies, were un-uniformed. Since 1847 a uniform has been required for all sections of the militia.


In 1793 some if not all the commissioned officers of infantry wore blue coats lined with white and faced with red, white vest, pantaloons, buttons, and epaulets. Warrant officers wore a white worsted shoulder- knot in place of the epaulet. Musicians wore red coats lined with white and faced with blue, with blue livery-lace trimmings, white vest and buttons ; a blue worsted knot on the shoulder. Corporals and privates wore " white frocks and overalls," a black feather tipped with red on the hat. In 1812 the pantaloons were changed to blue ; a stock, for the neck, of black leather, velvet, or woven hair was pre-


1 See editorial note 1, p. 188. 2 See editorial note 2, p. 188.


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THE MILITIA.


scribed; the rim of the hat to be turned up on the left side. The coats of the non-commissioned officers and privates had short skirts, while those of the field and commissioned officers had long skirts. Field offi- cers wore breeches instead of pantaloons. Officers and men alike wore a cockade of black leather. In 1813 a red welt was inserted in the outer scams of the pantaloons of non-commissioned officers, privates, and musicians. The hat was round and black, having a japanned fron- tispiece ornamented with a gilt spread-eagle; the feather (described


MINNIE


THE STATE ARSENAL, - A VIEW FROM THE SOUTH.


above) to be on the left side and to rise five inches above the crown. The commander of a regiment wore two plumes, - one black, the other red. A major wore two black plumes, captains and staff officers one red plume. Officers wore a crimson sash.


A rifleman in 1842 was costumed as follows: "coatee" of black velveteen, single-breasted, with brass " bullet-buttons " in front and on the skirts ; standing collar trimmed with yellow lace ; pantaloons of the same cloth with a stripe of yellow lace on the outer seams ; high black cap with brass visor and black "fountain plume."


The Arsenal of the State is at Hartford. Land for it (one acre) on the east side of Windsor road (now Main Street) was obtained from Ichabod Lord Skinner in 1812, and a three-story edifice of brick, with a " guard-house to lodge twelve men" annexed thereto, was built the same year under the supervision of Quartermaster-General John Mix and Andrew Kingsbury. The cost of the first building was $4,000 ; but addi- tional structures have been built all around the yard, and the original one has been externally modified. It contains many interesting war relics.


ORGANIZATION. - The militia system is the outgrowth of the posse comitatus or (armed) "power of the county," at whose head was the sheriff ; and in the early years of this colony the highest military officer


VOL. I .- 12.


178


MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.


was the sergeant-major of the county. There was really no " tactical unit" prior to 1739, when the company of 64 men was made such a unit. The earliest military order of our General Court was that of Sept. 1, 1636. It required that "every plantacon shall traine once in every moneth, & if ... it appear that there bee divers very unskilfull, the sayde plantacon may appointe the officer to traine oftener the saide unskillfull." In 1638 Captain John Mason, a very competent officer, was directed to " traine the military men in each plantacon." But, excepting for the purpose of "watch and ward," there was then no armed organization in any township. A "band " (trainband) is first mentioned in 1642. Its highest officer was a "clerk " or inspector. In 1643 trainbands were made subject to the orders of a captain "or other officer," showing that such bodies were not composed of a fixed number of members. In 1649 the officer commanding the Wethersfield trainband was a lieutenant, while the officer at Farmington was a ser- geant. In the Code of 1650 no number is fixed for the " trained band," but it was to have a captain, lieutenant, etc., according to its size.


In 1658 Major John Mason, then the highest military officer in the colony, secured the organization of a "troop" of horse for Hartford County. It contained thirty-seven members. Below is the roster of this first body of cavalry in Connecticut :- -


Captain, Richard Lord, of Hartford ; Lieutenant, Daniel Clark, of Windsor ; Cornet, John Allyn, of Hartford ; Corporals (same as sergeants in infantry), Nicholas Olmstead, of Hartford, Richard Treat, of Wethersfield, and Sam. Mar- shall, of Windsor ; Quartermaster, Tho. Welles, Jun., of Hartford ; privates : (Samuel) Wyllys, Jacob Mygatt, Jonathan Gilbert, John Stedman, James Steele, Daniel Pratt, Andrew Warner, Will. Edwards, Rich. Fellowes, and Robert Reeve, of Hartford ; Tho. Allyn, John Bissell, Geo. Phelps, Steph. Terry, Will. Hayden, John Hosford, John Williams, Nath. Loomis, Tho. Loomis, Aaron Cooke, David Wilton, Simon Wolcott, Tho. Strong, John Moses, and John Porter, of Windsor ; John Latimer, John Belden, John Chester, Anthony Wright, and John Palmer, of Wethersfield.


Many of the privates in the foregoing list afterward distinguished themselves in active service as officers. This troop contained sixty members in 1672. Its captains prior to 1739, when it became attached to the First Regiment, were commissioned as follows : -


Rich. Lord, Hartford, 1658.


Sam. Wolcott,


Windsor,


1705.


Daniel Clark,


Windsor, 1664.


James Steele,


Wethersfield, 1710.


Sam. Talcott,


Wethersfield, 1681. Daniel White,


Windsor, 1716.


Joseph Whiting, Hartford,


1692.


Robert Welles,


Wethersfield, 1726.


Wm. Whiting, Hartford, 1698.


John Whiting,


Hartford, 1730.


In 1662 the " preheminence " of the trainbands in the several town- ships was legally declared as follows : Hartford, first; Windsor, second ; Wethersfield, third ; Farmington, fourth. This was the same as their relative ratio of population.


A "troope of dragooneers," in 1668, armed with half-pikes and pistols, contained 163 members ; in 1673 Hartford contributed 44; Windsor, 38; Wethersfield, 30; Farmington, 22; Middletown, 13; Haddam, 9; Simsbury, 7. Benjamin Newberry, of Windsor, was in command.


The office of Sergeant-Major was created in 1672. It was the high-


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THE MILITIA.


est military office in each county, being what might be called the County Adjutant. Major John Talcott was the first in Hartford County.


Trainbands, in 1673, contained 64 men under a captain, or 32 under a lieutenant, or 24 under a sergeant. Some had more than 100 men. Some towns had one or two rude cannons of small size. In 1680 the infantry of the county amounted to 835 men, armed with mus- kets and pikes. About 300 were dragoons when in active service. In 1688 there were nine trainbands in the county ; two in Hartford, two in Windsor, one each in Wethersfield, Farmington, Middletown, Sims- bury, and Haddam.


Beginning in 1691, one township after another was divided into " precinets," each to be assigned for one " company " only. Hartford was the first so divided, the Little River being made the divisional line between the two precincts. These lines were established (down to 1698 at least) by Sergeant-Major Jonathan Bull, of Hartford. John Chester, of Wethersfield, succeeded to this office in 1702, and the latter's succes- sor was Roger Wolcott, of Windsor, in 1724.


In 1702 there were three companies of infantry in Hartford, one being east of the river. Windsor had three, divided in the same manner. There was a North and a South company in Wethersfield and in Middletown.


Major Roger Wolcott's command was called a "regiment " in 1737 ; but it was not, strictly speaking, such. It contained forty-seven com- panies of infantry numbering 3,480 men, and two of horse numbering 106 men. One of the Hartford " companies " had 173 members. Below is a list of the companies and of their commanding officers : -


Hartford : four companies of infantry, aggregating 478 men, under Captains Nath. Hooker, Joseph Cooke, Win. Pitkin, and Daniel Webster.


Windsor : seven companies, 501 men ; Captains, Henry Allyn, Pelatiah Allen, Joseph Phelps, John Ellsworth, and Tho. Griswold ; Lieutenants, Dan. Ellsworth and Pelatiah Mills.


Wethersfield : four companies, 324 men ; Captains, John Chester, Gideon Welles, Jacob Williams, and Martin Kellogg.


. Middletown : seven companies, 481 men ; Captains, John Warner, Joseph Southmayd, Daniel Hall, Rich. Hamlin, and Nath. White ; Lieutenants, Samuel Hart and Geo. Hubbard.


Farmington : four companies, 328 men ; Captains, Josiah Hart, Joseph Wood- ruff, Tho. Curtis, and Tho. Hart.


Simsbury : three companies, 202 men ; Captains, James Cornish, Benj. Adams, and John Lewis.


Haddam : two companies, 132 men ; Captains, John Fish and Nath. Sutcliff. East Haddam : two companies, 166 men ; Captains, Stephen Cone and Matthew Smith.


Glastonbury : two companies, 150 men ; Captains, Tho. Welles and David Hubbard.


Colchester : four companies, 212 men ; Captains, Nath. Foote, Israel Newton, Jonath. Dunham, and John Holmes.


Hebron: two companies, 174 men ; Captains, Joseph Swetland and Morris Tillotson.


Tolland : one company, 87 men ; Captain, Sam. Chapman.


Bolton : one company, 65 men ; Captain, John Talcott.


Stafford : one company, 59 men ; Captain, Dan. Blodgett.


Willington : one company, 56 men ; Captain, Eleazar Hubbell.


Litchfield : one company, 65 men ; Captain, Jacob Griswold ; also one company, Captain Joseph Bird, number of men not given.


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MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.


Of the two companies of horse, one was in Hartford and vicinity, Captain John Whiting; the other in Colchester (?) and vicinity, Cap- tain John Bulkeley.


In 1739 regimental organizations were for the first time established ; but under the departmental system they were of unequal size. The tactical unit became the company, of 64 men ; but many trainbands existed having a fractional part of that number. Thirteen regiments, each commanded by a colonel, were constituted. In Hartford County, the First Regiment included Hartford, Windsor, Simsbury, Bolton, Tol- land, Harwinton, Torrington, New Hartford, Barkhamsted, Hartland, Colebrook, Winchester, and the First Society of Farmington. The Sixth included Wethersfield, Middletown, Glastonbury, and the parish of Kensington. Part of the Tenth Regiment (Durham and Southington) and the Twelfth (Hebron and East Haddam) also came within Hartford County. Neither divisions nor brigades were constituted; and, of course, no general officers were provided.


While it is impracticable to give a list of the field-officers of the regi- ments in this county, the names of the commanding officers of the First Regiment (including the battalion which preceded it) are as follows :


1672-1688, Maj. & Lt .- Col. John Tal- | 1822-1824, Col. Irenus Brown. cott.


1688-1710, Lt .- Col. John Allyn.


1710-1724, Maj. Joseph Talcott.


1724-1741, Maj. & Col. Roger Wolcott.


1741-1751, Col. John Whiting.


1840-1842, 66 Sam. W. Ellsworth.


1751-1762, Joseph Pitkin.


1762-1774,


George Wyllys.


1845-1846, Daniel S. Dewey.


1774-1777, 66 Samuel Wyllys.


1846-1847, 66 Henry Kennedy.


1777-1785,


Roger Newberry.


1847-1852,


Elihu Geer.


1785-1792, Lt .- Col. Hezekiah Wyllys.


1852-1861, Sam. A. Cooley.


1792-1795,


Oliver Mather.


1863-1866, Chas. H. Prentice.


1795-1800, 66 Timothy Seymour.


1866-1869, " John N. Bunnell.


1800-1803, 66 Job Allyn.


1869-1870, Benj. F. Prouty.


1803-1804,


Simon Clark.


1870-1874, 66 Jas. E. Hamilton.


1804-1807, 66 Timothy Burr.


1874-1875,


John B. Clapp.


1807-1809, 66 Elijah Terry.


1875-1877, 66 Philip W. Hudson.


1809-1812, 66 Moses Tryon.




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