USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1884, Vol. I > Part 24
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1877-1878, Heman A. Tyler.
1812-1815,
Luther Fitch.
1878-1884, Lucius A. Barbour.
1815-1818, Col. James Loomis.
1884-
Wm. E. Cone.
The history of this regiment was fully written and published in the Hartford " Evening Post," March 17, 1880, by the late Captain Levi H. Hotchkiss ; the occasion being the dedication of the Armory of the Hart- ford battalion of the regiment. There is an armory in New Britain.
The commanders of the Sixth Regiment, down to 1847, when the militia were reduced to one regiment in each county, were as follows :-
1739-1756, Col. Tho. Welles (Glaston-| 1776-1780, Col. Thomas Belden.
bury). 1780-1788, Howell Woodbridge.
1756-1771, John Chester. 1788-1793, Lt .- Col. Roger Welles.
1771-1774, 66 Jabez Hamlin. 1793-1794, Isaac Welles.
1774-1775, 66 Elizur Talcott.
1794-1796, 66 Ezk1 Porter Belden.
1775-1776, 66 Sam. Holden Parsons. |1796-1801, 66 Elisha Hale.
1818-1822,
" John F. Waters.
1824-1829, Richard Niles.
1829-1833, Wm. Hayden.
1833-1836, 66 Thomas Roberts.
1836-1840, " Leonard R. Welles.
1842-1845, 66 Nathan M. Waterman.
181
THE MILITIA.
1801-1803, Lt .- Col. John Hale.
1828-1830, Col. John C. Pratt.
1803-1809, 66 Levi Lusk.
1830-1832, Levi Coe.
1809-1811, 66 Sam. Sellew.
1832-1833, 66 Amos Miller.
1811-1813, Simeon North.
1833-1834, 66 Henry D. Smith.
1813-1816, Lt .- Col. & Col. Martin Kel- logg, Jr.
1834-1836,
William Bulkeley.
1817-1818, Col. Josiah Sage.
1838-1841, Wolcott P. Stone.
1818-1822, James Sellew.
1841-1844, 66 E. W. N. Starr.
1824-1826,
Joseph Camp.
1826-1828, Ozias Camp.
1846-1847, Wm. H. Bartlett.
It should be stated that the departmental lines of these regiments, as will be seen hereafter, were changed from time to time, so that the town- ships respectively occupied by them were different at different periods.
In 1741 a troop of horse was authorized for each regiment. In 1762 the thirteen militia regiments averaged 1,558 men each, including their respective troops. In 1776 five regiments of "light horse " were constituted out of the twenty-four militia regiments then existing. The First was in Hartford County. An " alarm list" was also constituted, the members whereof were composed of those subject to (but not organ- ized for) military duty. Grenadiers and light-infantry companies still formed a part of some regiments.
The militia system was radically changed in December, 1776. Divi- sions and brigades were constituted for the first time. Until then, no general officers had been appointed, excepting for the army in service. Two divisions and six brigades were formed from the twenty-four regiments. The First, Sixth, and parts of several other regiments, in the First Brigade, came within Hartford County. Part of the Tenth was in the Second (General James Wadsworth's) Brigade. In 1782 there were (including one for Westmoreland) twenty-seven regiments in the colony. Of these, Hartford (west of the river), Windsor, Suf- field, and part of Farmington made the First Regiment; Wethersfield and Glastonbury, the Sixth ; Hebron and Marlborough were part of the Twelfth; Southington and Farmington (exclusive of Wintonbury par- ish) made the Fifteenth ; Simsbury, the Eighteenth ; East Windsor, Enfield, Bolton, and Hartford, east of the river, the Nineteenth. Parts of the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fifth were also in- cluded. The Hartford County brigades were: the First, containing the 1st, 6th, 19th, and 22d regiments ; part of the Second (the 23d regiment) ; part of the Third (the 25th regiment) ; part of the Sixth (the 15th and 18th regiments).
Many who held a commission in the militia held another (some- times a higher one) in the Continental army. We are unable to present a list of the names of such.
In 1782 five regiments of " light dragoons " were formed from scat- tering companies. The first was in Hartford County. They were armed with a sword, or cutlass, and a case of pistols, and were the same as had been known as the " light horse." Grenadiers, at this time, were those who had served as " sergeants of foot or corporals of horse." They were attached to their respective companies of infantry, and dis- tinguished from their comrades by wearing a cap of bearskin. In 1789 the infantry regiments averaged 977 men ; cavalry, 255 men.
1836-1838,
Everlin Beckley ..
1822-1824, Edmond Bulkeley.
1844-1846, Henry E. Robinson.
.
182
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
In 1792 the companies of artillery, light-infantry, and dragoons were attached to the several regiments of infantry. A company of artillery consisted of thirty "matrosses " and their officers. A troop contained forty men, with their officers. If a company of infantry contained more than ten men above the regular number (sixty-four " rank and file "), the surplus members were organized into companies of light-infantry and grenadiers. There were now four divisions, eight brigades, and thirty-five regiments, - the highest number ever reached in the State. No brigade was wholly in this county, whose limits were narrower than in 1782. The 1st regiment (which included Hartford, and parts of Windsor and Farmington) ; the 18th (Simsbury, Granby, and parts of Windsor and Suffield ) ; the 19th (East Hartford, Bolton, East Windsor, and part of Ellington) ; and the 31st ( Enfield and part of Suffield) were in the First Brigade. The 6th (Wethersfield, Glas- tonbury, and part of Berlin), and the 15th (Bristol, Southington, and most of Farmington and Berlin), were in the Seventh Brigade. Marl- borough was the only Hartford County town in the Fifth Brigade ; being in the 12th Regiment. The First and Seventh brigades were in the First Division. The Second Brigade, which was now no longer in this county, had been commanded as follows : -
Brigadier-Generals James Wadsworth, 1776-1777; Andrew Ward, 1778- 1783 ; Comfort Sage, 1783-1792 ; William Hart, 1792-1793.
In 1815 the territorial system as to regiments, etc., was discon- tinued. Three divisions of infantry, each having two brigades, and each brigade having four regiments, were established. The regiments contained ten companies each, including one of grenadiers or of light- infantry. The company contained sixty-four privates. Five regiments of cavalry, each annexed to a brigade of infantry, were formed ; the regiments to contain four troops, of forty-four privates each. A brigade of artillery was also established, having two regiments of light and two of heavy (horse) artillery. Each regiment of light artillery had twelve companies of forty-four men each ; the heavy had four com- panies of sixty-four men each. There were twenty companies of rifle- men, each having sixty-four men. Each of these rifle companies was attached to some regiment of infantry. Uniforms were not required, excepting for the artillery, cavalry, grenadier, riflemen, and light- infantry companies. In 1823 a uniform was required for the " flank " companies of infantry. The "battalion " companies were un-uniformed, and constituted the element jocularly denominated the "Rag-toes." This elaborate militia system prevailed until 1847. It would be almost im- possible (there being no boundary lines) to determine what military organizations existed at that date in Hartford County ; but it may be said that the First and part of the Second Brigade, both in the First Division (General James T. Pratt's), were within its limits. The First Brigade contained the 1st, 6th, 14th, 17th, and 25th regiments of in- fantry, and the 1st and 4th regiments of cavalry. There were 160 companies in the State; 40 of which, or more, were un-uniformed.
The following lists of general and field officers who commanded organizations formed in this county under the scheme of 1815 are mostly compiled from official manuscript records.
183
THE MILITIA.
Brigadier-Generals of Artillery (one Brigade in the State).
David Deming, 1816-1820 | Ely A. Elliott, 1829-1832
Nathan Johnson,
1820-1828 |Oliver Warner,
1832-1836
Philo Harrison,
1828-1829 | Ezra L. H. Chamberlain, 1836-1838
Commanders of the Second Light Artillery Regiment.
Col. Nathan Johnson, 1816-1820 | Col. William Mather, Jr., 1834-1838
Amaziah Bray,
1820-1821 Ezra L. H. Chamberlain, 1838-1839
Giles Olmstead,
1821-1822
Joseph A. Welles,
1839-1841
Decius Humphrey,
1822-1826
1826-1829
Maj. Asa Bartholomew,
1842-1844
" Solomon Olmstead 1829-1834
Brigadier-Generals of Cavalry (one Brigade in the State).
Stephen H. Palmer, 1816-1817 | Daniel H. Brinsmade, 1817-1821
Commanders of the First Regiment of Cavalry.
Lt .- Col. Jonath. Bartlett, 1815-1817 Col. Oliver C. Phelps, Jr., 1833-1835
Col. Peter B. Gleason,
1817-1821
James T. Pratt, 1835-1836
" Epaphras H. Phelps, 1821-1824 James F. Skinner, 1836-1839
John Collins, 1824-1825
William A. Foster,
1839-1841
Sam. Belcher,
1824-1829
" Samuel W. Thompson, 1841-1843
¥ Miles Foote,
1829-1831
Jeremiah A. Tuller, 1843-1845
Orrin Holt,
1831-1833
Hezekiah K. Sears, 1846-1847
Commanders of the Brigade of Riflemen (one Brigade in the State).
Br .- Gen. Chauncey Whittlesey, 1816-20 | Br .- Gen. Enos H. Buell, 1820-1821
Commanders of the Second Regiment of Riflemen.
Col. John Buckingham, 1816-1818 | Col. Lemuel G. Storrs, 1820-1821
" Enos H. Buell, 1818-1820
Some notable " general trainings " of the First Brigade took place in Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and East Hartford. There were also military displays on special occasions. In June, 1817, three ar- tillery companies (of Hartford, East Hartford, and Simsbury), under command of Colonel Nathan Johnson, the First Regiment of infantry (Colonel James Loomis), and a battalion of cavalry (Colonel Peter B. Gleason) were reviewed in Hartford by President James Monroe. In September, 1824, artillery, cavalry, and infantry companies - about twelve hundred soldiers in all, at Hartford, under command of General Johnson - escorted Lafayette, with credit to the occasion. In June, 1833, President Jackson and Vice-president Van Buren were escorted in Hartford by eleven companies.
In 1837 General Pratt's brigade appeared, in a general training, at Hartford. There were the 1st, 6th, 14th, 17th, and 25th regiments of infantry ; the 1st and 14th of cavalry ; and the Second Battalion (an- nexed to 1st regiment of infantry) of light artillery. The brigade made a fine showing ; but it is said that it did not equal, in numbers and mili- tary bearing, that of its [last great parade, in October, 1843; when there were 5,200 men, in all arms, assembled in the north meadows
·
Norman W. Spencer, 1841-1842
Ely A. Elliott
184
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
of East Hartford. Major-General Pratt and Brigadier-General George C. Owen were in command; and the force was reviewed by Colonel Richard M. Johnson, the reputed slayer of Tecumseh, and Ex-Vice- President of the United States.
In 1846 the militia reached the highest number ever attained in this State. There were: of the infantry, 53,191 ; riflemen, 1,704; light artillery, 1,575 ; " horse artillery," 508; cavalry, 692 men. The great number and efficiency of the uniformed soldiery were largely due to the efforts of Adjutant-General Charles T. Hillyer, then of East Granby, and Major-General James T. Pratt, then of Rocky Hill.
In 1847 the militia was divided into two classes, - the active, and the inactive, or enrolled. The active was that portion who, as volun- teers, organized for military duty. The inactive members were those who, by payment of a military commutation tax, became exempted from such duty. The active militia was formed into one division of two brigades ; each brigade having four regiments, one for each county. The first brigade included the counties of Hartford, New London, Tol- land, and Windham. In July, 1847, the " uniformed " companies in Hartford County were as follows : -
INFANTRY : Capt. Jacob B. Case, Simsbury, 47 men; Capt. Henry B. Grosvenor, Suffield, 32 men ; Capt. Roswell G. Talcott, Glastonbury, 27 men ; Capt. Hial Grannis, Southington, 28 men ; Capt. Horace Hollister, South Glas- tonbury, 27 men; Capt. Levi O. Smith, New Britain, 22 men; Capt. Elisha Hopkins, Broad Brook, 29 men ; Capt. William Wheeler, Plainville, 25 men.
CAVALRY : Capt. Levi Prosser, Bloomfield, 52 men; Capt. Franklin W. Adams, Hartford, 34 men; Capt. Merritt Doan, Windsor, 28 men ; Capt. Henry Luce, Newington, 21 men ; Capt. Anson T. Clark, Berlin, 13 men.
LIGHT ARTILLERY : Capt. Martin O. Hills, East Hartford, 40 men ; Capt. Elisha S. Olmstead, Hartford, 28 men.
RIFLEMEN : Capt. Charles M. Collins, Scitico, 33 men ; Capt. Lucius M. Andrews, Bristol, 19 men.
There were no general officers of artillery after 1838, nor field officers after 1844; no general officers of cavalry after 1821, nor field officers after 1847; no general nor field officers of riflemen after 1821. These several arms of the service were "annexed " to brigades or regiments of infantry.
Under the new system all the un-uniformed and most of the uni- formed companies were speedily disbanded. In 1848 the cavalry companies (" dragoons ") of Bloomfield, Hartford, and Wethersfield (Newington) were disbanded. That at Enfield was disbanded in 1850, and that at Manchester in 1851. I suppose these latter to have been un- uniformed. The infantry companies of Southington, South Glastonbury, and East Windsor (Broad Brook) were disbanded in 1848; those at Plainville and New Britain, in 1850; that at Avon in 1852. The rifle companies of Burlington, Collinsville, and East Hartford were disbanded in 1847 ; that at Enfield (Scitico), the last one in the county, in 1851. The artillery company at Simsbury was disbanded in 1850. There was not at this time a company of the old infantry in the town of Hart- ford, nor was there any cavalry in the county. The only remaining artillery companies (those at Hartford and East Hartford) were disbanded in 1853. There still remained, in 1850, of the infantry uniformed companies of 1847, one each at Simsbury, Suffield, Glaston-
185
THE MILITIA.
bury, and Windsor. This does not include "independent " companies. Manchester, Canton, and Farmington, whose companies were not among those reported as "uniformed " in 1847, each, as I suppose, ceased to maintain its infantry company in 1853, or earlier. To show the falling off in the organized militia under the " voluntary " system, it will be sufficient to state that in 1853 the number of enrolled (un- organized) militia of the county was 12,997 ; while the organized, for the four counties constituting the First Brigade, numbered but 969 in all.
A list of the general officers for this county may well be given here. Among the major-generals we include two (the first on the list), who, while residing without this county, held commands coextensive with the limits of the State. The others commanded the First Division.
Major-Generals.
David Wooster, 1
1776-1777 | Walter Booth,
1830-1834
James Wadsworth,
1777-1792
William Hayden, 1834-1836
Samuel Wyllys,
1792-1796
Samuel L. Pitkin,
1836-1838
Noah Phelps,
1796-1799
James T. Pratt,
1838-1847
Henry Champion,
1799-1801
Francis Bacon,
1847-1850
Elijah Chapman,
1801-1803
(But one division after 1847.)
Shubael Griswold,
1803-1807
William T. King, 1850-1852
Solomon Cowles,
1807-1816
Thomas Guyer,
1852-1861(?)
Levi Lusk,
1816-1820
James T. Pratt (declined), 1861
Martin Kellogg, Jr.,
1820-1824
William H. Russell,
1862-1870
George Cowles,
1824-1827
James McCord,
1870
Dennis Kimberly,
1827-1830
(No division after 1870.)
Brigadier-Generals of the Seventh Brigade.
Roger Welles,
1793-1795
| Epaphroditus Champion,
1799-1802
George Phillips,
1795
Solomon Cowles,
1802-1807
Henry Champion, 2d,
1795-1799
Seth Overton,
1807-1809
Samuel W. Dana,
1799
Levi Lusk,
1809-1817
Brigadier-Generals of the First Brigade.
Erastus Wolcott,
1776-1781
| James T. Pratt,
1836-1838
Roger Newberry,
1781-1788
Ralph Watson,
1839-1840
John Chester,
1788-1789
Leonard R. Welles,
1840-1842
Samuel Wyllys,
1789-1792
George C. Owen,
1842-1844
Noah Phelps,
1792-1796
Jarvis Case,
1844-1845
Elijah Chapman, Jr.,
1797-1801
Nathan M. Waterman,
1845-1846
Shubael Griswold,
1801-1803
Ezekiel Horsford,
1846-1847
Chauncey Pettibone,
1803-1805
N. M. Waterman,
1847-1848
John Phillips,
1805-1807
David Young,
1848-1850
Timothy Burr,
1807-1809
Elijah W. Smith,
1850-1852
Charles Jenks,
1809-1812
Elihu Geer,
1852-1861
Moses Tryon, Jr.,
1813-1817
(No organization 1861-1865.)
Martin Kellogg, Jr.,
1817-1820
Charles H. Prentice,
1866-1868
George Cowles,
1820-1824
1868-1871
Ezra Adams, Jr.,
1824-1829
Chester Grannis,
1829-1832
Robert B. Craufurd, 1871-1875
Orrin Holt,
1832-1833
William Randel Smith,
1875-1878
William Hayden,
1833-1835
Stephen R. Smith,
1878-1885
Samuel L. Pitkin,
1835-1836
Charles P. Graham,
1885-
John N. Bunnell, (But one brigade after 1871. )
1 Wooster was appointed "Senior Major-General."
186
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
The light-infantry company in Hartford, known as the "Hartford Light Guard," has not been heretofore mentioned, because it was, to a certain extent, " independent," and classed as such. It attained to a high degree of discipline, and was the pride of Hartford. Organized in 1835 as the Third Light Infantry company, it became Co. G of the First Regiment, in 1853; Co. A, in 1859; Co. B, in 1862; and was disbanded in 1863. Its commanding officers were : -
Capt. Roswell B. Ward,
1835 | Capt. Joseph Ritter, 1853
Thomas H. Seymour,
1837
George S. Burnham, 1854
66 Daniel S. Dewey, 1841
Levi Woodhouse, 1856
William S. Roberts,
1842 66 George S. Burnham,
1857
Thomas H. Seymour,
1843
Levi Woodhouse,
1858
66
N. Seymour Webb,
1849
John C. Comstock,
1861
Joseph D. Williams,
1851 James W. Gore, 1862
Captain Ward was a graduate of Capt. Alden Partridge's Military School, and a brother of the late Capt. James H. Ward, U. S. N. Capt. Thomas H. Seymour, from the same school, belonged to a family noted for its military training and spirit. He afterward became the commander of the Ninth (New England) Regiment, in the war with Mexico, and was a gallant and chivalrous offi- cer. Captain Comstock went into service in the War of the Rebellion, as captain of Co. A of the First Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers, and died in the service. Cap- tains Burnham and Wood- house became colonels in the same service ; and many other officers of this com- pany distinguished them- selves in the war. Captain Williams was adjutant-gen- eral during the war period.
In 1853 an Irish-Ameri- can company was organized at Hartford, in place of the disbanded Co. F, of Farm- ington. Its captain was Edward McManus ; it was COLONEL THOMAS H. SEYMOUR. disbanded in 1855. A com- pany of infantry, organized at New Britain in 1850 (?), under Capt. Joshua R. King, became Co. A, and was known as the " New Britain Grays." It was disbanded in 1859. A cavalry company was organized at Hartford in 1855, under Capt. Horace Ensworth. It disbanded, and was succeeded, in 1856, by a like company at Hartland, under Capt. Almon C. Banning; the latter com- pany disbanding in 1861. In 1856 artillery Company A, at Hartford,
yours truly of thisthing
187
THE MILITIA.
organized under Capt. Joseph Pratt. When it disbanded, in 1861, it was commanded by Horace Ensworth. It was known as the "Seymour Light Artillery." The "Colt Guard," Co. B, infantry, organized at Hart- ford, in 1858, under Capt. J. Deane Alden, was armed with the "Colt " riffe. It continued until 1861. Other companies which lived until 1861 were : Co. D, of Windsor Locks (organized in 1852, under Capt. Daniel Porter), and Co. E, of Suffield (organized in 1855, under Capt. John M. Hathaway). But four companies, 250 officers and men, all told, remained to 1861. But one, the Light Guard, remained to 1862.
In the mean time, in 1861, Artillery Company A, known as the " Hartford City Guard," was organized, under the captaincy of Charles H. Prentice. It became the "crack " company of Hartford. It was changed to an infantry company in 1863. Lieutenants L. A. Dickinson and John H. Burnham, and others of its officers, joined the Volunteer forces in the Civil War, and served with distinction. It became Battery D, Light Artillery, in 1865, and so remained until 1871. During this period of six years it was a part of the Third Regiment. It began as Company F of the First, in 1871, and so remains to-day. Its captains have been : Charles H. Prentice, 1861-1863; Solomon P. Conners, 1863; John K. Williams, 1863-1869; John L. White, 1869-1880 ; Levi H. Hotchkiss, 1880-1882; Charles E. Thompson, 1882-1884 ; Alexander Allen, 1884-
Among the companies organized since 1862 many have disappeared, and others have taken their places, and the letters by which they were designated. We give the dates of the advent and exit of the disbanded companies, with the name of the earliest captain of each respectively : Co. C, Sonthington, Capt. John T. Lee, 1862-1871 ; Rifle Co. A, Enfield, Capt. Walter A. Luce, 1863-1871 (?); Co. F, Wethersfield, Capt. Edward G. Woodhouse, 1864-1870 ; Co. E, Collinsville, Capt. W. H. Parmelee, 1865-1871; Co. G, Hartford (Buckingham Rifles), Capt. Benjamin F. Prouty, 1865-1871; Co H, Avon, Capt. H. II. Pierce, 1865-1870; Co. 1, Unionville, Capt. J. N. Bunnell, 1865-1871; Co. K, Burlington, Capt. F. W. Sessions, 1865-1871; Co. A, Farmington, Capt. Edward E. Warren, 1866-1871; Battery E, New Britain, Capt. George Hadley, 1869-1875; Company I, Windsor Locks (Dexter Guard), Capt. Joseph Reed, 1878-1880.
Since 1865 the term " militia " has been dropped, by legislative enactment, and that of the "Connecticut National Guard " substituted therefor. Since 1871 one regiment, each of ten companies, having not more than 101 men, rank and file, per company, has been the quota for each Congressional district. Two sections of artillery were then au- thorized. In 1881 the latter branch was changed to one battery, of three platoons, of light artillery, which is now drawn by horses. A " machine-gun platoon," having a Gatling gun, is all that represents this latter branch of the service in this county.
The companies of the Connecticut National Guard, now (1886) in Hartford County, are as follows: Co. A (the Germania Guard), of Hartford, organized in 1871, under Captain William Westphal; Co. B (the Hillyer Guard), organized in 1865, under Capt. H. F. Chandler ; Co. D (City Guard), New Britain, organized in 1863, under Capt. L. L. Sperry ; Co. E (Jewell Guard), New Britain, organized in 1871, under Capt. C. B. Erichson ; Co. F (Hartford City Guard), organized in 1861, under Capt. Charles H. Prentice; Co. G (Manchester Rifles), Manchester,
188
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF HARTFORD COUNTY.
organized in 1871, under Capt. Philip W. Hudson ; Co. H (Hartford Light Guard), Hartford, organized in 1872, under Capt. Charles O'Neile, Jr .; Co. K, Hartford, organized in 1879, under Capt. Thomas M. Smith. The foregoing constitute the First Regiment of the Connecticut National Guard. There is also a company of colored men, being Co. B, of the Fifth Battalion Connecticut National Guard. It was organized in 1870, under Capt. Lloyd G. Seymour, at Hartford. Co. C, a Rockville com- pany, annexed to the First Regiment in 1871, was not in this county.
The fife and drum were for many years the only authorized music for the militia, - if we except the bugle, which sounded the " calls," much as they are sounded to-day. But in 1841 regimental "bands" were authorized; to consist of not less than twelve nor more than twenty-five musicians. Each "captain " of a band was made a warrant officer. In 1871 the maximum number of members was fixed at twenty, and the drum-major and fife-major were made non-commissioned officers of the regimental staff.
DISCIPLINE. The earliest manual of military instruction in use in the colony was that of Colonel Humphrey Bland, an Englishman, in 1743. The " Norfolk Militia Exercise " took its place in 1769. In 1775 the " Manual Exercise ordered by his Majesty in 1764" was adopted. The tactics of the Baron Von Steuben were adopted in 1779, and were the standard for many years; Darrow's were adopted in 1824. Those of the Regular army, and of Scott, Hardee, Casey, and Upton have since been adopted successively. At present the tactics of the army of the United States are the standard for this State.
The changes which have been made in the manual of arms may be illustrated, to some extent, by a citation or two. In 1813 the commands were successively as follows : shoulder, present, secure, advance, sup- port, carry, slope, and port arms. In Upton's Tactics (edition of 1867) they are : support, carry, present, order, carry, etc. For loading, the commands, in 1813, were : load-arms ; open-pan ; handle-cartridge ; open-cartridge ; prime ; shut-pan ; about ; charge ; draw-rammer ; ram- cartridge ; return-rammer ; ready, etc. In Upton, they are: load; handle-cartridge ; tear-cartridge ; charge-cartridge ; draw-rammer ; ram-cartridge ; return-rammer ; prime; carry-arms; ready, etc. For the repeating rifle, the commands, load, and ready, are all that precede those for firing.
Army Regulations were first enacted in 1775. Those governing our militia to-day were prepared in 1884, by a commission appointed by the Commander-in-Chief. They are based upon those of Massachusetts.
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