USA > Connecticut > Fairfield County > Fairfield > This is Fairfield, 1639-1940 > Part 36
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In 1721 a completely new venture was per- mitted, for Mr. Peter Ferris of Westchester was
given "the privilege of searching for mines and minerals in the Township of Fairfield"-search- ing and digging being permitted in Common lands for twenty years. The Towne was to receive 1/20 of all the ore that he should procure. He was not to dig in any highway or road passage however. No report is available as to whether or not this was a successful project. I did find this statement later on however "there are no miner- als in town except several quarries of freestone valuable for building and other purposes .. . in the Greenfield Society-most important is at Blue Stone Hill about one mile from Greenfield Village". (This was on the former estate of the late Mr. and Mrs. George P. Brett Sr., Congress Street and Brett Road.)
It is also interesting to note that a Cooper was added to the list of Town Officers about this time and Moses Dimon was granted liberty to erect a grist mill on the Aspetuck River. At this same time Dimon and Sons were excused from work- ing at the highways as long as they maintained a good cart bridge over the Aspetuck River. Daniel Crowfut was given permission to build a Saw Mill on the Aspetuck River and John Sanford was given permission "to build a grist mill on the Aspetuck River in Redding Parish on ye Up- per Cross Highway".
We see this continuous spreading out of the business of the Towne. In 1728 John Dennie was permitted to have a new shop on the street "next to where the old one stood". It was allowed to remain for one more year as long as he paid what the committee though satisfactory. Twenty shillings was decided upon by the committee as being reasonable.
More shops were planned by the Townsfolk and it was "put to vote whether Abraham Puling have liberty to set his shop in ye street adjoining to ye fence near ye South Corner of Capt. Di- mon's cowyard during ye Town's pleasure- passed in ye affirmative". He was later given permission to erect a shop near Edward's Pond. One wonders whether this was the same shop and he had just changed his mind or whether he thought the new location would be more profit- able after trying out the first place.
In 1732 it was-"put to vote whether Peter Thorp and Ebenezer Dimon shall have liberty to set a warehouse at ye lower ballas at ye Ash House Creek to be about thirty feet in length and twenty feet in breadth in such a place as said ballas as ye Committee here after appointed shall agree in ye affirmative".
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Later Peter Penfield was given "liberty to build a grist mill on Ash House Creek" and Samuel Squire Junior and Ebenezer Wakeman were allowed to build a wharf on "ye ship Har- bor near the Parsonage Meadow" and a ware- house on or near the same. It was required that this be built within three years.
On the 15th of August 1740 Samuel Burr, Andrew Burr ånd Ebenezer Silliman were ap- pointed a Committee "to view ye mouth of ye Mill River and also ye whirlpool to see whether either of said places are convenient to build a Mill or Mills upon and also to treat with those persons that have a mind to build a mill or mills on said streams and see upon what terms they will do ye same and make report thereof to ye Town". The following January the Committee reported that the place was convenient for a mill or mills but that it was necessary to erect and maintain a cart bridge or causway from ye high- way to Sterlings across ye beach and also a cart bridge across ye whirlpool.
Lieutenant Samuel Rowland was given per- mission to build a grist mill or mills and also to make and maintain such bridges, all work to be completed within two years from the first day of work.
All of those shops and mills were rather crude in nature for we find a report of the Committee chosen to view any encroachments on highways and their listing of what they were assessed for to be:
Salmon Wakeman Cider mill
$.50
Hezekial Bradley
Store
.50
Rev. Wm. Belden
Store (old)
no tax
Alban Bradley
Cider mill
.50
Jonathan Banks
Cider Mill
.25
Hez'h Price
Cider Mill
.25
By 1758 another trade had come to Fairfield. John Whittier "shall have liberty to erect a small dwelling house in said Fairfield on ye southerly side of ye Country Road near where his bell founding shop now stands on such a place as shall be marked out".
Mrs. Schenck also tells about the bell for the new Congregational Church having been cast in Fairfield in 1751 by a jeweler and clockmaker by the name of Whiting. The bell was cast "in a lot adjoining that in which the second Church of England stood". This is the place where the Old Post Road meets Oldfield Road. This is mentioned again in 1800 as the "Old Bell House" which stood between Lothrop Lewis and
William Dimon's lots-road running from East- side of the parsonage lot so called westerly to the highway which leads to Whetstone Hill.
The Harbor continued to be a focal point of activity and Ichabod Wheeler was permitted "to build a wharfe on ye ship harbor near ye Money beach to be built in three years" and Thaddeus Burr was appointed to make a stonewall by the harbor. Permission was also granted to another land owner to build a wharf at Black Rock Har- bor adjoining Capt. Wheeler's-this to be done within two years.
In 1788 "Thaddeus Burr, Joseph Strong, ' Esqr. and Captain Samuel Smedley be and are hereby appointed to a Committee with full power to lay out and bound out land belonging to the Town at Black Rock upper wharf ... into proper lots for the building of wharves and stores upon for the accommodation of such gentlemen as may choose to establish themselves in trade at Black Rock".
An Account Book for 1789 gives us some idea of the cost of necessities in this period.
£ d
1 hat
1/ 9/0
2 silk handkerchiefs
0/12/0
Picking & corn husking 3 days ...
0/10/6
1 bu. clams
0/ 1/0
Wood for my family for this month
1/ 4/0
1 bu. Indian meal at mill
0/ 2/6
1 bu. Rye at mill 0/ 7/0
1 bu. Wheat at mill 0/ 6/8
Beef
0/ 2/0 a pound
Leather for shoes for my daughter Jane .
0/ 7/0
1 Kentile Codfish
1/ 0/0
1 bu. parsnips 0/ 2/6
For shoeing 2 yolk of cattle 0/18/0
2 qts. of oysters
0/ 1/0
1 pr. stockings 0/ 3/6
Wine for Deze (Negro slave) 0/ 7/6
1 barrel cider
0/10/0
Cash for calfskin
0/ 8/0
For making vest and britches
0/16/0
Following the Revolutionary War, Caleb Brewster who had then been so active on Long Island Sound during that period was given per- mission to remove his blacksmith shop from "where it now stands, a little north of Capt. Wheeler's wharf and to remove his store which now stands near his house to the place which he removes said blacksmith shop".
New roads were planned from the Black Rock Wharf to Weston and from Black Rock Harbor
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to Trumbull to accommodate the increased traf- fic. Caleb Brewster and others were anxious to have the road to Weston started but it was op- posed by the townspeople. Efforts were repeated in 1814 but the opposition held. At a later date the road was agreed upon and a special tax of 3¢ on the dollar was ordered. The shipping be- longing to this port in 1816 amounted to 7033 tons.
Water lots had been laid out along the Harbor and in 1822 a Committee was empowered “to give deeds conveying the water lots now laid out at Black Rock ... ". It was also believed that with the exception of New London, Black Rock was one of the best Harbors at that time with 19 feet of water below the middle ground at summer tides. Vessels could enter and depart from the harbor at any time of the tide.
The Saugatuck River too was being used and Captain Phineas Chapman was permitted "to build and erect a grist Mill on Saugatuck River at a small island below the bridge that leads from Fairfield to Norwalk to make a dam 31/2 feet high". James Ketcham of Norwalk was given "liberty to erect a store on the northeasterly side of the Saugatuck River just below the bridge".
The Town was spreading out from its original Four Squares-in every direction and as it grew the businesses increased in numbers too. The Uncoway River or Rooster River in 1800 was said to have 2 grist mills on it. The tide set in about two miles. Navigation was obstructed by a Mill Dam at the mouth. In this stream were caught a great quantity of alewives or herring which were barreled up for market. There were also sea perch, crabs, and oysters. This river emptied into the sound west of Black Rock Har- bor.
In 1800 there were two manufactories of leather and one of hats in Stratfield. The leather manufactured there in 1799 was 1050 hides and 700 calf skins.
In 1819 it was reported that coastal traders of the Sound could get about easily in Saugatuck Harbor although the harbor was frozen in the winter and the ice obstructed the vessels.
The importance of Mill River to the people shows again and again. The Town records show that "Samuel Whitney shall have liberty to erect a storehouse of about twenty feet in length and eighteen feet broad under ye bank of ye Mill River near ye upper Shipyard at ye Ram Pas- ture". Hezekiah Sturges and Moses Bulkley were given liberty "to build a wharf at Mill River,
80 feet in width near William Bulkley's shop and Nathaniel Perry was given permission to erect a fulling mill on Mill River below Peter Perry's grist mill". There was continuous activity on or near that waterway. On January 1, 1825 one brig, five schooners and twenty sloops were owned in Southport with a gross tonnage of 1900 tons. Fairfield was becoming a shipping center. Duties collected on imports of this town during the first 10 years of the new century amounted to:
1801. . . $25,074
1806. . $29,638
1802.
17,905
1807. .. 20,661
1803. 17,263
1808 1,810
1804
19,037
1809. . 1,159
1805.
23,164
1810. . . . 6,229
William Bennett also proposed to erect a grist mill on Mill River near Bennett's dwelling house and it was "voted and agreed that the Selectmen give a lease of ye shipyard at the Ram Pasture to Charles Lewis for so long a time as they shall think proper reserving liberty for building ves- sels thereon when any person may have occasion for the same according to a former grant to be given without cost to ye Towne".
At Foot's Rock which was at the mouth of Mill River, Eliphalet Thorp, Zalmon Bradley, Walter Bradley and Samuel Cannon were given permis- sion to build a wharf and buildings for the pur- pose of carrying on the business of navigation.
Water lots were laid out along the river and Mill River Rock against which Captain Whyght's vessel was driven and dashed to pieces was given to Captain Whyght. He was allowed to make a dock on the north side thereon if it were done within two years and provided it did not impede or hurt the navigation of Mill River. Whyght's Rock is a familiar spot to all of us who know Southport Harbor and Mill River today. This is at the mouth of the Harbor. (See picture section)
The War (Revolutionary) years showed little growth in the number of new mills or enterprises in town and according to the report of the burn- ing, 15 shops and 15 stores were burned to the ground. On October 21, 1799 the Town Meeting "voted that this Town be willing that a lottery be granted by the General Assembly for the pur- pose of sinking the channel of the Mill River harbor and they request that any application of the like kind to said Assembly be by them con- sidered not to be of an adversary nature as re- spects said town and that further notice be un-
183
necessary thereof to said Town. Said votes truly taken-per
S. Rowland, Town Clerk".
At that time there were eight buildings in Southport and one sloop ran between Boston and New York. There was also at least one store and wharf on the water front at that time. In 1774 a boat made regular trips to New York and car- ried both freight and passengers. By 1790 more than 10 vessels were registered out of Mill River (Southport).
In 1801 "Edmund Burr hath liberty to erect a mill and dam on the Mill River above and near the upper wharf belonging to the heirs of Peter Whitney-to be erected within three years". A while later Benjamin Sturges was al- lowed "to erect a dam across Mill River so called at some convenient place between the Grist Mill of Jesse Wheeler and Hull's Bridge so called and liberty is hereby granted to said Sturges, his heirs and assigns to erect a dam and such ma- chinery for carding, spinning, weaving and manufacturing cloth as he may choose and for him, his heirs or assigns to have the use of said stream . . . with the liberty of two years to erect said dam and commence the business be- fore mentioned ... Edmund Burr Esq., Jesup Wakeman and Thomas Wheeler be a committee to designate the place for the aforementioned dam, etc .- provided that no expense is to arise to this town".
In 1819 Mill River Harbor was reported to be very commodious for the coasting trade but not sufficiently deep to admit large vessels. "The Harbor being formed by the river of the same name upon which within a distance of 2 miles stand three large grain mills, two fulling mills and two carding machines". It was seldom frozen at this period. 2500 tons of shipping were owned in Fairfield then. It was said that 100 sails a day passed by Fairfield.
In 1838 Southport or Mill River Harbor had 8 stores, a post office and a bank and more ship- ping was owned by this community in proportion to its size than in any other place between New York and Boston. The Harbor was small but suf- ficient to float vessels of about 100 tons burthen. In 1831 the United States Government granted $10,000.00 for the improvement of the Harbor.
The great turnpike leading to New York passed through Fairfield making Fairfield easily accessible by land as well as by sea. The reports show however that the manufacturers were not
extensive but the milling business was listed as the most active. At that time there were nine grain mills, four of which were upon the tide water and several sets of stone employed princi- pally in flouring wheat which was brought from other states. Some of the mills had kilns for dry- ing Indian corn which was afterward manufac- tured for the foreign markets. The other mills were erected upon streams of water, the report went on to say. My guess is that there were many more than nine mills in Fairfield for the Town Meetings had certainly given liberty for more than that number before the War.
The grist mills ground several kinds of meal and flour. In order to have corn meal for a fam- ily's own use the very best ears were chosen from all the corn and these were put through a corn sheller until there might be about a half bushel of kernels. Then they would be carefully win- nowed and then taken to the miller at the mill to be ground into Indian Meal. A certain part of this was taken by the miller as toll just as it had been back in 1660 and earlier.
When it was very, very cold the early people would take their buckwheat to be ground. I've been told that this homegrown, neighborhood ground buckwheat flour made the best pancakes ever. One could have it ground at Dave Gould's, the Tide Mill, Sipperley's, the Wilson Brothers, Capt. Will Bradley's, Bert Merwin's, or over at the Bridgeport Hydraulic Mill at the foot of Samp Mortar Drive which the Brothwells ran, or at Aaron Gould's in Southport or at Eli B. Nichols' on Governor's Lane just east of Bron- son Road, or over at Happy Osborn's on the east side of Sturges Highway just north of Hulls Farms Road, or over on Cross Highway just west of Merwin's Lane.
You could also have your rye ground up for the pigs or your cob meal (the cobs and corn were ground together for the horses) ground. Oats and wheat could be taken care of as well.
An 1813 Mill Book shows these prices:
To grind 253 Bushels Wheat @ 121/2 $31.63
To pack 45 barrels of flour @ 41/2 2.03
To inspect 17 barrels (bbls.) of corn @ 3¢ .. .51
Nails .10
To dry, grind & pack 66 Bush. corn @ 121/2 8.25
To grind 105 Bush. wheat 12.39
Jonathan Bulkley wrote: "Mill River March 3, 1813. Mr. E. Dimon & his brother-in-law Eben Sherwood has purchased of his father Sherwood the Mill known by the name of Scrib- ner's Mill near Saugatuck price $2000 dollars
184
-will cost about 2500 dollars more to put it in order for use".
The 1811 map included in this writing shows where these mills were as does the 1867 map of the Town.
As the nineteenth century grew older, new es- tablishments became a part of Fairfield. It was "voted that M. Wheeler Judson have liberty to erect a building for a Tailor's shop on the east- erly side of Edward's Pond so called in some convenient place between the lands of Samuel Penfield (dec'd) estate and the Blacksmith Shop occupied by Nathan Burr and there to remain during the pleasure of the town and the location for said shop to be made by the Selectmen in such place as they may judge best". These would have been near the Town Green of today.
In 1840 George Peck, George Burr, Samuel A. Nichols, Abm Benson, Aaron Burr and Lyman Banks were listed as Taverners with the legal right "to sell wines and spirituous liquors in the same manner". There were six ordinaries in Town.
There were many cider mills in all sections of town-one near the residence of Albert W. Knapp, and another up on North Street where John Wakeman had a mill that ran by horse pow- er. The apples were pressed by a mechanism which received its power by having a horse go round and round in a circle. This mechanism was a large wooden screw-2 feet in diameter and as the screw went down, the apple juice flowed out. The "Wilson boys" mill over on the Black Rock Turnpike, near the Merritt Parkway bridge, ran by water power. There was another not far from the Old Academy on the Old Post Road where the boys sipped cider with straws through the bungholes of the barrels on Saturdays. There were others at Joel Banks on Sasco Creek and on the Old King's Highway at Morehouse's and another was Moody's Mill. Sweet cider was the favorite drink of the community.
There were numerous Saw Mills about. Frank Sherwood told of "drawing a log to Thompson's Saw Mill" in February 1888. There was another at Capt. Will Bradley's on Congress Street just north of the Merritt Parkway overpass. Another over at Joel Banks in Hulls Farms, still another at Wakeman's on Sasco Creek and at Bulkleys on the same creek. Mill River had several along its banks as well.
The Goulds ran a wood working shop on the stream which goes under Black Rock Turnpike just below the Merritt Parkway. That was a
handle factory : probably axe handles were made there as well as were wooden handles for other tools. Hickory and Ash were undoubtedly the woods used because of their strength. That was also a favorite place for the girls of the neighbor- hood to find the first cowslips in the Spring and to go bathing on the warm summer days. A pic- ture of that old mill is among the pictures in this book.
Hull Sherwood mentioned going to "Amos Burr's Mill in Stratfield for a Cog Wheel"-a wooden cog wheel.
The Industries of Fairfield for 1845 listed in Industries of Connecticut-1845-compiled by Daniel P. Tyler, Secretary of State, are as fol- lows:
INDUSTRIES OF FAIRFIELD - 1845
Flannel Manufactured 2,143 yds .- value $857.20 Linen manufactured 200 yds .- value $50.00
Coach, wagon, sleigh factories 5-value of manuf.
$5,500. Capital invested $10,000.00. 16 people employed.
Fire Arms Factory 1. Arms manuf. 20 rifles, 30 muskets, tot. 50. Value $600. Capital $600. 2 employed.
Cooper Factories 2. Casks mauf .- value $1,000. Capital $1,900. 3 employed.
Tannery 1. Hides tanned 800. Leather mauf .- value $3,000. Capital $2,000. 3 employed.
Boots Manuf .- 1850 pairs, shoes 5400 pairs-value $9,600. 24 employed.
Bricks Manuf. 70,000-value $350. 3 employed.
Brooms Manuf. 3,716-value $464. 3 employed.
Firewood prepared for market 202 cords-value $1,010. 5 employed.
Merino sheep 1056-value $1,494. Wool produced 2640 lbs .- value $792.
Horses 340-value $16,631, neat cattle 1879-value $37,883, swine 1066-value $12,879.
Indian Corn 19,050 bu .- value $14,287, wheat 1022 bu .- value $1,149, rye 6,633 bu .- value $5,306.40, barley 510 bu .- value $306, oats 2579 bu .- value $8,231.60, potatoes 26,689 bu .- value $16,013.40, other esculents 10,913 bu .- value $3,273.90, buckwheat 1,407 bu .- value. $703.50. Hay 3,606 tons,-value $43,272.72, flax 1,590 lbs. value $144.64.
Fruit 22,912 bu .- value $4,582.40.
Eggs 340,000-value $3,400. Poultry 19,800-value $4,950.
Grass seed 11 bu .- value $27.50.
Butter 51,504 lbs .- value $7,210.56. Cheese 7,400 lbs .- value $592. Honey 3,200 Ibs .- value $320. Beeswax 265 lbs .- value $66.25.
The New England Mercantile Union Directory for 1849 lists the following for industrious Fair- field -
New England Mercantile Union Directory-1849 Lawyer-Thomas B. Osborne-Fairfield
185
Boot and Shoe Manufacturers-Bennett H. and A. Coal Dealers-Pike and Sturgis, Southport Dry Goods Dealers-A. Nichols, Southport Dry Goods, Groceries and Variety- Nichols and Betts, Fairfield
Jennings, Augustus, Southport Bradley, W. and C. P., Greenfield Burr, Lewis, Greenfield Burr, Timothy, Greenfield
Furniture Manufacturers-Howell, William A., Fairfield
Lumber Dealers ---
Bradley, David, Fairfield
Pike and Sturgis, Southport
Millinery and Fancy Goods --- Bulkley, Miss R., Southport Physicians-
Levi Wordin
Saddler
Thomas Wordin
Druggist
Bennett Whitney
Machinist
G. W. Middlebrooks
Manufacturer of bottled soda
Frederick Curtis
Grocer
David Brothwell
Coach Lace weaving
John A. Reed
Machinist
Edwin Weston
Machinist
Edwin Burley
Machinist
Charles Siever
Machinist
Eli Blakeman
Cane Seat Maker
Marquis L. Hall
Painter
James McCarrick
Coach Lace Weaver
Roswell Whitney
Machinist and foundry
Raymond Whitney
Machinist and foundry
Junius Foster
Patent iron axle tree
J. M. Middlebrooks
William Leigh
George C. Bradley
Hatter
John Marsh
Miller
James E. Beach
Venetian Blind maker Tailor
Oscar Treadwell
House Carpenter
Wm. H. Herbert
.
Shoemaker House Carpenter
Morris Gould
Ship Carpenter
David Lockwood
Fruit and Fish Peddlar
Joseph Jenness (marketing), Southport
Pike and Sturgis, Southport
C. H. S. Wakeley, Fairfield
Meeker and Sherwood, Southport Curtis Raymond, Southport
The 1850 Census shows that there were 3618 people in Fairfield. Of this number 417 were said to be farmers, (Gideon Tomlinson and Frederick Marquand were listed as Farmers) 65 were mariners or seamen or followed naviga- tion in some manner, 42 were shoemakers, 11 were clergymen, 4 were physicians, 3 were law- yers, 3 were coachmen, 3 were railroad agents, 1 was an insurance agent, 1 was a lighthouse keeper and one was a patent medicine agent.
In addition to these there were many other businesses in operation. To show the variety of tradesmen that resided here at the time I am listing a part of the remaining group.
FAIRFIELD-1850 CENSUS
Austin Wheeler Coach Trimming
Justus Smith
Iron Moulder
Justus Allen
Saddle Tree Smith
Curtis Rood
Carpenter
George Ogden
Carpenter
Peter Norman
Carpenter
John Hull
Machinist
George Hubbell
Machinist
Henry Rowland
Carpenter
William H. Webb
Silver Plater
Talcott Barlow
Carpenter
Horace Butler
Carpenter
Phineas T. Barnum
Museum Man
Wm. W. Naramore
Daguerrian Artist
Jeremiah T. Denison, Fairfield
S. P. V. R. Ten Broeck, Fairfield Rufus Blakeman, Greenfield Justus Sherwood, Greenfield
Public Houses-
Black, Furman, Fairfield Marine Hotel, Bartram, D. S., County House (Deputy Sheriff)
Saddle Tree Makers-
Sherman and Hawley, Southport
Schools-
Fairfield Academy-Rev. L. H. Atwater Presi- dent, Chas. Bennett Sec. and Treas., Wm. E. Moore A.B., Principal.
Tailors-
George Bulkley, Southport Benjamin Sherwood, Fairfield
Tanners and Curriers-
Gallagher, Dennis, Southport
Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Workers and Dealers
in Stoves and Hollow Ware- Hall, C. B. and Brothers, Southport
West India Goods and Groceries- Edmond Hobart, Fairfield Isaac Bulkley Jr., Fairfield Samuel Pike, Southport
Henry J. Wakeman Elbert Beach
Joiner and Carpenter
Sturges Seeley
Shoemaker House painter
William H. Hawkins
Ship builder
Frederick Hawkins
Ship builder
Levi Stukon
Ship builder
Lewis Richards
Ship builder
George Richards
Ship Carpenter
Ship Carpenter
George T. Solley
House Carpenter
Henry W. Fancher Sherman Fancher Oliver Burr
Ship Carpenter Fisherman House Carpenter
Jeremiah Jennings
Wakeman Wilson Robert Deane
Ship Carpenter Ship Carpenter Pedlar Pedlings
Roswell Wells
Charles Chinnock
Inventor
John Ogden
Merchant
Thomas Ranson
Merchant
William S. Turney
Boot crimping Coach lace weaver
Wm. H. Brothwell
Wm. W. Herbert
Joiner and Carpenter
Abraham J. Myers
George Mills Curtis Raymond
Ship Carpenter
Carriage maker
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David Smith William Smith George H. Palme George E. Shelton David Wakeman Augustus Goulding Isaac W. Turney Burr H. Betts
House Carpenter House Carpenter House Carpenter Pedlar
William Burr
House Carpenter
John Simonson
George Ferris
Sylvester Mills
Railroad Track repairer
William Oates
Railroad Track repairer
Albert Talmadge
House Carpenter
Francis J. Turney
Fisherman Shoemaker
Burr Lyon Morris W. Lyon
Teacher
David B. Beers
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