USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > Historical sketches of the ten miles square forming the District of Columbia : with a picture of Washington, describing objects of general interest or curiosity at the metropolis of the Union. > Part 12
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181
The Navy Yard-Monument.
appropriate, or so touching, could have been found. This monument has received some inju- ry, by having one or two of its ornamental figures broken. On one of its sides I read the following inscription: "Mutilated by Britons, August, 1814." This was the date of the inroad of the English.
" Now it struck me that this inscription was in singularly bad taste. The incursion of General Ross was not an affair in which either party should exult. It was no ordinary military achieve- ment for four or five thousand highly disciplined troops, to land under the protection of an over- whelmning naval force, and to make a forced march, for a few days, through a perfectly de- fenceless, and nearly uninhabited country; to at- tack and disperse a hastily assembled body of armed citizens, who were but little, if any, su - perior to them in numbers; to enter a line of straggling villages; to remain one night, and then to retreat at a rate that was quite as precipitate as their advance. Perhaps it was not bad policy. in the abstract, for a people who possessed the advantages of the British, to take this means of harrassing their enemy. But I doubt the policy, in a nation situated precisely as England was and is, of proving so practically to a nation with the spirit, the resources, maritime character, and
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182
Greenleaf's Point and Arsenal.
prospects of this, that a powerful navy is so abso- lutely necessary to defend their coast. The use that was made of the success, too, might admit of some cavilling.
The English occupied the Navy Yard, and, al- though a little hurried, they certainly had time to have destroyed this small monument, instead of mutilating it, by knocking the heads off one or two small marble angels. The very nature of the injury proves it was the act of an individual, and not of the authority, which alone should be considered responsible for any grave national ac- cusation. Cadwallader is of my opinion, as, indeed, were half-a-dozen naval officers who showed us through the yard. The latter said that the inscription was by order of an officer of . rank, who had reasons for a special degree of an- tipathy against their late enemy. No man, espe- cially in a country like this, should be permitted, however, thus to interpose his personal resent- ments between a nation and its dignity."
GREENLEAF'S POINT AND U. S. ARSENAL.
The United States' Arsenal is situated at the southern extremity of the city, on the point of land formed by the junction of the Potomac and Anacostia rivers. This position, being at the head of ship navigation-at the seat of govern-
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183
.Arsenal and Explosion in 1814.
ment -- and central in a national point of view, was selected in 1804, as a favourable site for an Arsenal, intended for the manufacture and de- pository of Military Stores. For these purposes it was exclusively devoted until 1812; when, immediately after the declaration of war with England, strong batteries were erected on the sides, approachable by water, both, to protect the Arsenal and guard the river channels leading to the Navy Yard and other ports of the city .- From this time, the place was known by the name Fort Washington ; notwithstanding its entire want of defence on the land side; which made it necessary, after the British army had entered Washington, for the American troops to vacate it. This was done during the night of the 24th of August, 1814, after burning the work shops and removing as much property as time would permit. The next morning a detachment of 500 British troops marched to the fort, and commen- ced the destruction of whatever had been left in a serviceable state. Among other things, were a number of 18 pounder guns, left by the garri- son in the haste of departure, mounted in bat- tery and unspiked-these they attempted to des- troy by discharging one against the trunnion of another; but, most unfortunately for the opera- tors, the first piece discharged happened to be
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1
1
184 Greenleafs Point, Arsenal & Restoration.
pointed in the direction of a well near by, into which, some of the wadding of the gun was thrown by the discharge; this communicated fire to a large quantity of powder, previously placed there by the garrison to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy, and a tremendous ex- plosion was the immediate consequence; by which one half of the 500 men, who entered the place thirty minutes before, with all the pride and hilarity resulting from victory, were killed and wounded. Among the killed, was a Captain Frazer, acting Adjutant General of the British army.
In the autumn of 1814, the work shops were rebuilt; and the manufacture and preparation of army supplies went on as before. In 1816 a large store house and officers' quarters were erec- ted, forming the north front of the fort. In 1825 and 24, the garrison was withdrawn-the ram- parts removed, and permanent buildings exclu- sively for Arsenal purposes erected on the same ground, making, with those built in 1816, the four sides of a rectangular parallelogram. Ac- cording to present arrangements, there are two buildings for the deposite of muskets, rifles, pis- tols, swords and other small arms; three for the dwellings of officers and artificers; and four farge work shops, besides other smaller buildinge.
185
Greenleaf's Point and Arsenal.
One of the shops contains a steam engine which drives various machines, made use of in repair- ing small arms, and in manufacturing artillery carriages. Of the latter, a considerable number are annually made at the place-mostly for the use of the militia.
The Arsenal contains many thousand arms, consisting of all the usual varieties. They are neatly arranged in open frames, and being kept in perfect order, present an imposing appearance. Forty thousand soldiers can be fully armed and equipped at an hour's notice. On the plain in front of the Arsenal, are 855 pieces of ordnance, including cannon, howitzers, and mortars of va- rious calibres. Among them are seen trophies of the late and revolutionany wars, captured at Ben- nington, Saratoga, Yorktown and Bridgewater.
There is also a cannon, relick of the revolu- tionary contest, made in Virginia of hammered iron. It bears the name of " Queen of France," which was marked upon it at that peri ....
The geological formation of the Arenal grounds, does not differ from other parts of the city. From the surface there is an average of ten feet in depth of ferruginous clay, resting on alternate horizontal strata of sand and gravel, in which are found detached parcels of bog iron ore.
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186
City Hall-Dimensions, &.c.
CITY HALL-George Hadfield, Architect.
The corner stone of this building was laid with masonic ceremonies, on the 22nd of Au- gust, 1820, in the presence of a vast number of citizens. Mr. Win. Hewitt, Grand Master, the Rev. Dr. Hawley and Mr. John Law, successive- Jy addressed the assembly; and the ceremonies were closed with a brief reply by the master work- man, Mr. Henry Smith.
A part of the southern front is partially com- pleted, and used for public offices, by the Corpo- ration, District Court, and Orphans' Court: the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, are also accommodated with offices, and hold their meet- ings in the Hall. Its location is central, and in all respects eligible, commanding fine views of the River, and of many parts of the City. The centre, and the two wings are of brick, two sto- ries high, besides the basement, and as far as it is finished, convenient and spacious. In the wes- tern wing is deposited a beautiful model, of what the Hall-is to be, adorned with porticos, pillars and piazzas, the whole edifice to be stuccoed, to give it the appearance of a marble finish.
Proposed length of the Front,
Elevation of the north Front, - 72 do.
Rotundo, - Court Room, . -
. tion of the two stories.
- 200 feet.
66 do. diameter.
70 by 40 do, full elçia.
187
Corporation Finances.
Official Report on the state of the Finances of the City of Washington, in 1829. I .- The debts of the Corporation.
The debts of the Corporation consist:
1. Of the stock created by the act of 11th July, 1818, bearing an interest of six per cent. $69,507 Reduced by this amount, redeemed and can- eelled by the Commissioners of the Sink- iug Fund 200
63,607 00
2. Of stock created for the purpose of discharging the lottery claims, adjudicated against the Corpo- ration, in consequence of the failure of Gillespie, bearing an interest of five per cent. amounting, on the 1st April, 1822, to 133,268 25
3. Of stock chargeable to the General Fund crea- ted since 1818, for the purpose of effecting general improvements, bearing an interest of six per cent. 36, 147 00
4. Of stocks ercated for the benefit of the wards, . and chargeable to the wards respectively; all bear- ing an interest of six per cent. with the exception of $ (M) of the stock of the Fifth Ward, which bears an interest of 4 per cent. viz:
First Ward - 2,000 00
Second Ward -
4,917 35
Third Ward -
-
12,003 08
Fourth Ward - 6,876 85
Fifth Ward
4,452 50
Sixth Ward
5,757 50
5. Of the following sums due to Banks, on notes discounted, and chargeable either to the wards, for whose benefit the loans were made, or to the General fund, as follows: By the First Ward:
To the Branch Bank 4,250 To the Bank of Metropolis 2,400
By the Second Ward: To the Office of Dise't and Deposite 9,500 To the Bank of Metropolis - 3,100
Carried forward
$12,250 26,020 62
---------
30,007 28
1
Son
188
Corporation Finances.
Brought forward $19,250 209,029 62
By the Third Ward:
To the Office of Disc't & Deposite 5,050 To the Bank of Metropolis - 4,500
By the Fourth Ward:
To the Bank of Washington · 1,200
By the Fifth Ward:
To the Bank of Washington - 477
By the General Fund: To the Bank of Washington - 2,000
32,477 00
6. Of strcks bearing an interest of seven per cent. iseuca for the purpose of making parements, and for which the respective wards are chargeable .- Specific taxes having been imposed on the pro- perty improved, the stock ought, in the opinion of the Committee, to have been redeemed from the proceeds of those taxes, at the time they were collected. The amount now stated is that, only, which has been collected and placed to the credit of the wards respectively. In addition to this sum, stock amounting to $6,713 60, is now outstand- ing; which last sum is not included in this state- ment, because the special taxes to that amount, remaining to be collected, will, in future, be ap- plied to the redemption of the stock
7. Due bills issued by the Corporation, placed to the credit of the General Fund, or losned to the Commissioners of low grounds, or to the wards for special purposes:
2,201 80
By the report of the committee on the subject of due bills, made March 9, 1829, it a; peared that there were then in circulation 40,208 77 Since that time bills have been issued, (in addition to those intended to supply the place of bills returned subsequently to that period, as mutilated and defaced.) 3,500 00
-45,798 7:
From this deduct the sum still due by the Commissioners of low grounds, for bills loaned 771 5S
And also this sun now to the credit of due bill account 4,731 24 - 5,502 82
Leaves this sum due for bills in circulation - 38,155 95
189
Corporation Finances.
8. Claims of individuals against the Corporation, for supplies furnished, or work performed, un- paid on the 1st April, 1929, as far as can be as- certained from the officers of the Corporation, viz:
For improv'ts or supplies in 1st Ward 1,000 00
in 21 Ward - -
3,409 70
·
in 3d Ward -
-
11,000 00
in 4th Ward - 634 08 -
in 5th Ward -
-
2,794 31
in 6th Ward -
998 40
19,932 49
Making the total debt
$361,826 92
Of which sam the Corporation pay-
. An interest of 6 per tent. upcn
167,838 37
An interest of 5 per cent. upon
153,268 25
An interest of 4 per cent. upon 400 00
An interest of 7 per cent. upon 2,201 86
-- 303,708 43
Leaving unliquidated claims, not on int. 19,932 49 And due bills to be redeemed hereafter $8,185 95
58,118 4%
Making the debt as above
361,826 9%
HI .- The Meuns, or Income of the Corporation.
The means of the Corporation are derived-
1. From the taxes upon real and personal property; being 505 cents upon every hundred dollars assessed; from which a deduction of 61 cents upon a hundred dollars, is made for prompt payment on the Ist of January, and » proportionate deduction if the payments be made within the year.
The amount of taxes assessed for the year ending December 31, 1828, is $34,749 73
The collections from this source during the year 1829, may be estimated at a sum nearly equal to the taxes assessed. Por, although the taxes in arrears amount, according to recent informtion furnished by the Register, to $65,517 10, with- out including $4,481 27, due by deficilting Col- lectors, experience has, in some measure, shown that the deficiency in the receipt of one year's taxes, will barely be supplied from the collec- tions of former arrearages.
- 11
1
190
Corporation Finances.
As, however, a new assessment will soon take place, it is believed that the taxes of 1829, to be collected during the year 1830, will, with the collections from former arrearages, amount at least to 40,000 dollars.
2. From miscellaneous sources, viz: licenses, rente special taxes, duties, fines, penalties and forfeit- ures, and fece received by the Register and du- ly accounted for.
By statement marked A. herewith submitted, it appears that the income from these sources for : one year, ending the 31st March, 1829, amount- ed to 14, 546 dollars, viz:
From licenses - - 9,599 32 rents - 1,736 23
special taxes 848 82
duties on sales at auction - 877 63
fines, penalties, end forfeitures - 1,42S 25 fees received by the Register 661 50
3. From dividends on bank stocks purchased by the Commissioners of the sinking fund 1,113 6@
14,546 15
Making the annuel income 50,408 45
As menos, additional to the annual income, the Committee Lave examined the investments which have been made by the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, in bank stocks, for the benefit of the Corporation.
By statements H. Nos. 1, 2, 3, herewith submitted, exhibiting the proceedings of the Commissioners of that fund, from its establishment in 1818, it will be seen that stocks have been purchased argrunting, nominally, to 18,560 dollars; at a cost of $15,945 15, and estimated, at their present rates, at $15,720 00
There is also, to the credit of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, an uninvested balance of 3,083 40
Making the actual amount of the sinking fund, at
15,803 40 the disposant of the Corporation -
III .- The Necessary Expenditures of the Corporation, Agreeably to la.w.
The expenditures of the Corporation may be limited to the payment of the annual interest upon the portion of the debt bearing interest; to the payment of the salaries or compensa .
1
191
Corporation Finances.
ton granted by law to the Mayor, members of the Council, Rud officers and agents of the Corporation; to the provision requisite for the poor and infirm; and to the legal contribution for county charges.
1. The annual interest upon that portion of the debt which bears interest, will require 16,903 84 2. The salaries or compensations allowed by law - to the officers or agents of the Corporation, and the sum required for contingent expenses, a- mount, as will appear by statement C, to 12,213 00
3. The support of the poor, aged, and infirm, has heretofore required an appropriation of 3,500 The provision for lunatics, has amounted to 500
4,000 00
4. And the contribution required by law to be made to the Levy Court, in order to defray one half the expenses of the Orphans' Court, of the fuel for the Register of Wills, and of the Core- ner's fees for the county, exclusively of one half the expense of the county roads leading directly into the city, which cannot be estimated at any regular yearly rate, will require 705 00
Making the annual expenses for the support of the Corporation 83,821 8%
Having shown the actual debt, the probable income, and the estimated expenditures of the Corporation, the following obvious results are submitted.
If, from the debt of the Corporation, amounting to 301, 826 92 The amount invested by the Commissioners of the
Sinking Fund should be de- ducted 15,720
And also the balance to the credit of that fund, remaining uninvested 3,083
18,803 00
And if a deduction be made for that por- tion of the loan of $4,000 stock, and $8,000 due bills, made to the Com- missioners of the low grounds, which though yet remaining unpaid, is re- imbursable from the sales of public property
4,771 00
8.3,574 00
-
Leaves fais as the debt to be provided for
$355,212 5:
192
Corporation Finances.'
The annual income of the Corporation is stated at $50,408 45 If the debt to be provided for were now upon in- terest, it would require an annual payment of - 19,277 31
If to this be added the expenditures re- quired by law for the support of the Corporation and the relief of the poor 1,918 00
36,195 34
This sum would remain applicable to the extin- guishment of the debt, casual repairs, local im- provements, and unavoidable expenditures $14,213 1+
- It is not deemed necessary to include in this statement of the finances of the city, the debt contracted, or the loans to be effected, on account of the subscription of the Corporation to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It is to be presumed, that the stock of the company will be equal in value to the debt incurred by that subscription. It is proper, however, to observe, that the Corporation have borrowed from the Bank of the United States 154,500 dollars, on account of the canal subscription; that the General fundl has been drawn upon for the sum of 2,070 dollars, to pay the interest which has accru- ed upon loans for that object; and that the last mentioned sum will be reimbursable from the fund which may be raised and set apart exclusively for the canal.
The Committee who submitted this statement do not include in their estimate of the expenditures required for the support of the Corporation, the sums heretofore appropriated for the public schools. On the 1st of November, 1829, 6,666 dollars will be applicable to this object, from the proceeds of the contract with Yates and MeIntire. The interest upon this sum, added to the interest upon $26,666 66, already invested, as an endowment of the schools, from the same source, will, it is believed, be adequate to their support, without a recur- rence to the ordinary income of the Corporation.
The " statements" referred to are omitted-the totals only are given.
193
STATEMENT showing the annual expenditure, agreea- bly to existing laws, for sularies and compensations.
For compensation to the Mayor
-
$1,000
Members of the two Boards
1,800
Register
-
1,600
4
Clerk in the Register's Office
800
Attorney -
-
-
100
Surveyor
-
800
Inspector of Tobacco -
100
- Sealer of Weights, &c.
250
Commissioners of the Wards -
1,500
Secretaries of the two Boards -
400
Guardians of the Poor -
300
Secretary of the Guardians
-
100
Intendent of the Asylum
500
Assessors, (average) -
-
200
Clerks of the Markets -
798
Constables
-
.
600
Scavengers
300
Porter to the Boards
150
Inspector of Flour
75
Inspector of salted provisions -
25
For contingent expenses of the Corporation
800
For contingent expenses of the Board of Health
15
$12,213
Estimate of Private Property.
Private Property.
Supposed Vainc.
First Baptist Church
.
-
- $1,500
Friends Meeting House
-
-
3,000
St. John's -
- 20,000
Presbyterian (Laurie)
.
- 12,000
Do. Post)
- 8,000
Do. (Baker) -
7,000
Methodist -
.
,
-
8,000
Do. Navy Yard
-
.
-
5,000
Do. African (4th Ward)
. . .
- 5,000
Do. Bethel
- 1,000
-
Corporation Expenses, S.c.
1
-
194
Estimate of Private Property.
Baptist, Navy Yard - -
-
-
- 2,600
Christ Church, do. =
-
5,000
St. Patrick's Catholic Do. 4th Ward
4,000
St. Mary's do.
1,000
Unitarian -
,
13,000
Appendages to St. Patrick's
·
4,000
Catholic Seminary -
.
.
15,000
College
25,000
Sisterhood Orphan School
5,000
Orphan Asylum
·
Howard Institution -
,
1,900
'Theatre
,
10,000
Assembly Rooms
8,000
Circus -
.
4
3,000
Glass Works -
8,000
Bath House -
3,000
Masonic Hall, Centro Do. Eastern -
5,000
Branch Bank
16,000
Metropolis -
·
..
9,000
Patriotio .
- 5,000
Washington -
-
.
. .
5,000
$233,800
Public Property.
Corporation Property.
City Hall Infirmary
Market, 1st Ward
Do. 3d Ward
Do. 4th Ward
Do. 6th Ward
School House, 2d Ward Do. 4th Ward
Engine House, 1st Ward Do. 3d Ward
Do. 6th Ward
Do. Int Ward
Bridge on K st. orer R. creek.
United States' Property.
Capitol
President's
Four Offices
Post Office
Three Engine Houtes
Barracks
Navy Yard
Arsenal
Armory
Jail
Magazine
Penitentiary.
2,000 500
Library -
-
.
·
10,000
.
. .
6,000
195
Washington City Government.
Oficers of the Washington Corporation.
Joseph Gales, jr. Mayor -- Wm. Hewitt, Register-C. H. Wiltberger, Clerk-Richard Wallach, Attorney.
Aldermen-1st Ward, John Wells, jr. and J. P. Van Ness. 24, Peter Lenox and John A. Wilson. 3d, Wm. W. Scaton and Peter Force. 4th, George Watterston & James Young. 5th, Clement 'T. Coote. one vacant. 6th, Edward W. Clark & And. Forrest. E. J. Middleton, Secretary.
Common Councilmen .- 1st Ward, A. MeIntire, N. Frye, jr and Thomas Sim. 2d, Wro. Duncan, Lewis H. Machen and J. Crandell. 3d, William Gunton, G. Sweeny & P. Mauro. 4th, Wm. Brent, Frederick Mav, & John Coyle, jr. 5th, P. G. Washington, J. Carberry & J. Carothers. 6th, Charles Venable, A. Lindsey, & James Marshall. Rich. Barry, Sec.
Board of Health .- 1st Ward, Dr. T. Sim, C. W. Goldsho- rough. 2d, Dr H. Huntt & J. Larned. 3d, Dr. T. Sewall & A. Coyle. 4th, Dr. F. May & James Young. 5th, Thomas Blagden, one vacant. 6th, Dr. C. Hamilton & T. Winn.
Guardians of the Poor .- 1st Ward, J. N. Monlder, 2d, Joseph Gibson, 3d, Jacob Gideon, jr., 4th, George Whitwell, 5th, Thomas Howard, 6th, Edward Simms. A. McWilliams Physician for the Asylum John McNerhany. Indendant.
Collectore of Tares .- W. W. Billing, 1st & 3 Wards-Jos. Ingle, 3d & 4th wards-Geo. Adams, 5th and 6th wards.
City Commissioners-S. Harkness, 1st ward, C. L. Coltman Cd ward, Jos. Harbaugh, 3d ward, A. White, 4th ward, Sam. P. Lowe, 5th ward, Thomas Wheat, 6th ward.
Contables-W. Serrin, 1st ward, J. Waters 2d, C. W. Bote- fer, Sd, J. W. Beck, 4th, J. Bowen, 5th, George Adams, 6th. Seaier of Weight and Measures-W. M. Mccauley.
Surveyor-F C. De Krafft-Wood Corders and Coa! Mea- surers .- T. Taylor, jr. Thos. Burch, J. Simpson, S. Winsatt and A. Cheshire. J. B. Ferguson, for the Eastern Branch.
Samuel P. Lowe, Inspector of Tobacco.
Daniel Embree, Inspector of Flour, Beet, Pork and Fish. 'T. Burch. Nicholas Callan and Wm. H. Barnes, Guagers.
Thomas Sandifer, jr., Nathan Smith, Ignatius Modd, Wm. H. Barnes, Wm. H. Gunnell and George Collard, Inspectors And Measurers of Immber.
·
196 Corporation Officers, &c.
George Harcuss, contractor to keep pumps and hydrants in repair, and for sinking and walling wells.
Clerks of the Market .- Philip Williams, West Market- John Waters, Centre Market -- James Johnson, Capitol Hill Market -- Peter Little, Eastern Branch Market.
Markets-Centre, Tues. Thurs. & Sat .- West, Mon. We !!. & Fri .- Cap. Hill, Mon. Wed. & Fri .- Eastern Branch, do. Scavengers-T. Reggals, 1st ward, L. Richardson, 2d, W. Johnson, 3d, T. Osgodby, 4th, Osborn Turner, 5th. West Burial Ground-Philip Williams, Sexton.
Eastern Branch Burial Ground-J. N. Brightwell, Sexton. Chimney Sweeps -- John Smith, & A. Nichols.
1
District Courts.
District of Columbia .- Circuit Court for the District of Co- lumbia, at Washington, on the first Monday in April; and at Alexandria, on the first Monday November and May: And the District Court, first Mondays of December and June.
William Cranch, chief judge, Washington, 2,700,
Burkuer Thruston, ass't. do do 2,500,
James S. Morsel, do
Georgetown, 2,500,
Thomas Swann, attorney
Washington, Fees,
Tench Ringgold, marshal, do Fees,
Clerks -- William Brent and Edmund I. Lec. Orphan's Courts.
Samuel Chase, judge orphan's Court, County of Washington Henry C. Neale, Register.
Christopher Neale, judge Orphans Court, Alexandria.
Alexander Moore, Register.
COMMERCE OF WASHINGTON.
The number of vessels that have arrived and discharged cargoes at the City of Washington in 1826-7-8-9, with the tonnage of each year:
Vessels.
Tons.
In the last three quarters of 1826, - 1153
69,79
In all the year - 1527, - 1694 101.640
In all the year -
1828, -
1790 115,710
In all the year
1829,
15.15 131,050
Exclusive of six or seven Steam Boats, that are constantly plving between this place and Balti- more, Norfolk, Richmond, &c.
..
Dwellings erected within the year 1829. 197
EXHIBIT OF IMPROVEMENTS WITHIN THE CITY FOR 1829.
OF BRICK.
OF WOOD.
On front.
Back.
On front.
Back.
WAARDS.
3 stories.
2 stories.
1 story.
2 stories.
1 story.
2 stories.
13 stories.
1 story
2 stories.
13 stories.
1 story.
No. of dwellings.
| No. of Shops.
| No. of Additions.
Total number dwellings,
Supposed population at
6) to each house.
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