USA > Washington DC > The Biographical cyclopedia of representative men of Maryland and District of Columbia Pt. 1 > Part 31
USA > Maryland > The Biographical cyclopedia of representative men of Maryland and District of Columbia Pt. 1 > Part 31
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ARTER, BERNARD, Attorney-at-Law, Baltimore, Maryland, was born in that State, in Prince George's County, July 20, 183.4. Ilis father, Charles 11. Carter, a native of Virginia, was the son of Bernard Moore Carter, and the grandson of Charles Carter, of Shirley, on the James River. The last-named was a grand- son of Robert Carter, of colonial days, better known as " King Carter," a title given to him on account of his im- mense landed estates, and his great influence in the affairs of the colony. On his mother's side Charles H. Carter was the grandson of General Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous " Light Horse Harry Lee," of the Revolutionary army, the father of General Robert E. Lee, whose mother, the second wife of " Light Horse Harry," was a sister of Bernard M. Carter, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. The mother of the latter was Rosalie Eugenia, the daughter of George Calvert, of Riverdale, Prince George's County, Maryland. Ile was the son of Benedict Calvert, of Mount Airy, of the same county, and the grandson of Charles, the sixth Lord Baltimore. The wife of George Calvert was Rosalie Eugenia Stier, the only daughter of Henry J. Stier d'Aertzlaer, of Antwerp, Belgium, a gen- tleman of large wealth and noble family, who, becoming alarmed at the state of affairs in Europe, in the height of the French revolution, left Antwerp and came to America, in 1794, bringing with him his wife and daughter, and as much of his property as he could put into transportable shape. He had, for that day, a notable collection of pic- tures, which he also brought with him. Among them were many works of Rubens, of whom he was a lineal de- scendant. He eame with the intention of making a final settlement in America, but in 1805 Belgium was annexed to France, and he was obliged to return, in order to save from confiscation the valuable landed estates he had left in that country, leaving behind him his daughter, who had in the meantime been married to Mr. Calvert. Bernard Carter, the subject of this biography, graduated in 1852, from the College of St. James, Washington County, Maryland, tak- ing the degree of A. B., and three years later received from the same institution the degree of A.M. After leaving college he pursued his legal studies at the Law School of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, then in
charge of Professor Parsons-since so well known as the able author of the admirable treatises on various branches of the law-and Chief Justice Parker, formerly of New Hampshire. Mr. Carter received his degree of Bachelor of Laws trom that University, in 1855, and came immedi- ately to Baltimore, where he entered the office of Mr. J. Mason Campbell, then one of the most distinguished lead- ers of the profession, upon whose motion he was admitted to the bar, by the Hon. B. C. Presstman, then the Judge of the Supreme Court of Baltimore City. Mr. Carter has ever since remained in the same place, and continued the practice of the law at the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and the Supreme Court of the United States, to the bar of which he was admitted, in the year 1865, making his first argument in the case of the steamer Louisiana, reported in third Wallace Reports, page 165. In his report of the case the court reporter paid Mr. Carter the quite unusual compliment, by noting the fact that it was his first appear- ance in the Supreme Court, and that his argument was a very excellent one. In the autumn of 1861, Mr. Carter was the nominee of the Democratic party for the position of State's Attorney of Baltimore City, and in 1864 for the office of Attorney-General of the State of Maryland. On both of these occasions, it being during the period of the late war, the Democratic party was unsuccessful, and Mr. Carter, and the others on that ticket, were defeated. For two terms, in the years 1869 and 1870, he was a member of the first branch of the City Council of Baltimore, and was made chairman of most of the important committees of that body, including the Committee of Ways and Means, that on Jones's Falls, and on the New City Hall. As chair- man of the last-named committee, it was chiefly through his personal exertions that the very excellent Building Com- mittee-composed of Ex-Mayor Vansant and others-were selected, under whom that splendid structure was so eco- nomically built. When a convention was called, in 1867, to form a new Constitution for the State of Maryland, Mr. Carter was elected one of the members from Baltimore city. This convention, composed of the leading men from all parts of the State, met at Annapolis, in May, 1867, and framed the present Constitution of the State. While it numbered one hundred and eighteen members, there were but seventeen committees, of the most important of which Mr. Carter was a member, and of one of which he was made chairman, that of Revision and Compilation, the committee to whom was referred all the provisions passed by the convention for arrangement and revision, before their final adoption; and as the committee was not appointed until after the convention had been in ses- sion for a long time, the selection of the members to compose this committee was justly considered as a great compliment to each ; their selection being a tribute paid by the distinguished President of the convention-the Ilan. Richard B. Carmichael, of Queen Anne's County-to the abilities they had displayed during the session of the
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convention. In September, 1878, Mr. Carter was elected by the regents of the University of Maryland, as one of the Professors of its flourishing law school, located in Balti- more. He was married, April 20, 1858, to Mary B., daugh. ter of David Ridgely, of White Marsh, Baltimore County, and granddaughter of General (and Governor) Charles Ridgely, of Hampton, in the same county. Mr. and Mrs. Carter have had twelve children, ten of whom are living. Mr. Carter is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. After the death of J. M. Campbell, he was appointed coun- sel for the Northern Central Railroad Company, and after the death of Daniel Clark, was appointed counsel for the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company, which positions he now holds.
UGENBEEL, PETER, Merchant and Legislator, was born November 25, 1833, at Unionville, Frederick County, Maryland. Ilis parents, William and Margaret (Shriner) Lugenbeel, were natives of Mary- land, and of German descent. Mr. Lugenbeel was educated at Calvert College, Carroll County, Maryland, and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Owing to the death of his father, he was thrown entirely upon his own resources for a livelihood at the age of fifteen. He worked on a farm in summer and went to school in win- ter, and after attaining the age of eighteen, had saved enough from his earnings to enable him to attend college, by working on the farm and teaching school at intervals during his collegiate course. He left college in 1854, without graduating, and after devoting one year to teaching, commenced business as a merchant at Unionville, in which he has ever since continued. Although he had many discouragements to contend against, he finally suc- ceeded in building up a prosperous business. . He was postmaster of Unionville, under Lincoln's administration, was superseded during Andrew Johnson's term, and re- appointed under Grant. At the urgent solicitation of his friends and neighbors, he consented to accept the nomina- tion on the Republican ticket as a Representative in the Maryland Legislature, and was elected by a handsome ma- jority, being warmly supported by members of both parties. Mr. Lugenbeel made no effort to secure his election, but was chosen on account of his personal merit. He was a firm Union man during the civil war, having to leave his home several times on account of the bitter feeling against loyal men, and the threatened danger from raids through that part of the State by the Confederate forces. He fre- quently rendered great aid to the Union soldiers. He was captured by the Confederate troops, just before the battle of Gettysburg, as the Confederate army was passing through Carroll County, Mr. Lugenbeel being then on his way to Baltimore, with a wagon load of produce, which was con-
fiscated, his wagon burnt, and both horses taken from him. Mr. Lugenbeel is one of the most useful and reliable mem- bers of the House of Delegates. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Clunch from boybood, and has been very active in church work, contributing thereto both by personal assistance and financial aid. He is superintend- ent of a Sabbath-school. For several years he has been a member of the Free Masons, and also of the Odd Fellows, having filled all the offices of the subordinate lodges, and being a member of the Grand Lodge of the latter Order. Hle has been an earnest and enthusiastic temperance man all his life, having been identified with the Washingtonian move- ment when he was about ten years of age. He is promi- nently identified with the various temperance organiza- tions, and is a hearty supporter of all movements designed to counteract the evil effects of the liquor traffic.
SMITH, NATHAN RYNO, M.D., LL.D., late Presi- dent of the Faculty of Physic and Emeritus Pro- fessor of Surgery, in the University of Maryland, was born, May 21, 1797, in the town of Cornish, on the banks of the Connecticut River in New Ilamp- shire. His father, Dr. Nathan Smith, had practiced his profession in that town before his appointment to the chair of Physic and Surgery in Yale College, in 1813, when the medical department of that seat of learning was founded, and in connection with which he delivered an annual course of lectures on the Theory and Practice of Surgery and Physie, until his death, in 1828. In the practice of surgery, he displayed an original and inventive mind. ITis friends claim for him the establishment of scientific principles, and the invention of resources in practice, which will stand as lasting monuments of a mind fertile in expedients, and unshackled by the dogmas of the sebools. The early education of the subject of this sketch was re- ceived at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, and, in 1813, he entered Yale College as a freshman, graduating there, in 1817, at the age of twenty. After completing his aca- demic course, and before beginning his professional studies, he spent about a year and a half in Virginia. To his res- idence there may, perhaps, be ascribed his first early at- tachment to the Southern people, and his strong interest in Southern institutions and politics, which in after-life de- veloped into the intense feeling that he manifested in the disastrous years of the decline and fall of the Southern cause. On his return from Virginia he began the study of medicine in Yale College, where his father then held the chair of Physic and Surgery, and there, in 1823, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The following year he began the practice of his profession in Burlington, Ver. mont, and the next year was appointed to the professorship
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Nathan R. Smith 211. D .
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of Surgery and Anatomy in the University of Vermont, the medical department of which was organized mainly through his own exertions, aided, however, by his father, who, while still discharging the duties of his chair in Yale, spent some weeks in Burlington, as the colleague of his son. The winter of 1825-6, he spent in Philadelphia, qualifying himself the better for his position as a teacher by attending the lectures and observing the modes of in- struction at the University of Pennsylvania. Soon after going to Philadelphia he made the acquaintance of Dr. George Mcclellan. That gentleman was just then asso- ciated with other physicians in laying the foundation of the Jefferson Medical School, destined afterwards to enter into distinguished and honorable rivalry with the older University. Such was the impression made upon him and his colleagues by the ability and professional knowledge of Dr. Smith, that they invited him to unite with them in their enterprise and tendered to him the chair of Anatomy in the new school. He held that position for two sessions. Among his pupils were two gentlemen who afterwards at- tained a world-wide reputation in their profession. One of these was the present illustrious head of American Sur- gery, Professor Samuel D. Gross; the other, was Dr. Washington L. Atlee, the distinguished ovariotomist. Dr. Smith never returned to New England to reside; nor was his connection with the Jefferson School of long duration. The chair of Anatomy in the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland becoming vacant by the resigna- tion of Professor Granville Sharp Pattison, in 1827, the position was tendered to Professor Smith, and accepted. The advantages of the change were obvious. The Jeffer- son School was in its infancy, but the Maryland Univer- sity had been in successful operation for twenty years, and had already attained a wide celebrity in the South and West. He entered upon his duties that year as a teacher, and was soon engaged in extensive surgical and medical practice. On the decease of Professor John B. Davidge, in 1829, Professor Smith was at once transferred to the chair of Surgery. About 1838, Professor Smith accepted an appointment to the chair of Practice of Medicine in the Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky, which required his attendance four months in the year. At the close of each session there, he returned to Balti- more. IIe continued that course for a few years, and then dissolved his connection with the Western institution. It was in the position which he filled for nearly fifty years as Professor of Surgery in the University of Maryland, that his life-work was done; and it is in association with that school that his name will live in the annals of American Surgery. It was there, in his early connection with it, he prepared his work on the Surgical Anatomy of the Arte- ries, which brought his name prominently before the pro- fession; there he gave to surgery his Lithotome ; there he invented the apparatus which he regarded as his chief con- tribution to surgical appliances-his Anterior Splint ; and
there, as his last offering to science, he published his work on Fractures of the Lower Extremity. When he entered the University of Maryland he was comparatively young. Ilis reputation was yet to be achieved, and his professional appointment was an adventitious circumstance in this di- rection. lle would have risen without it, more slowly, perhaps, but surely. Whatever of obligation was laid upon him by the appointment he amply repaid by his stead- fast efforts to advance her interests, and by the lustre which during a long course of years he reflected upon her. The qualities by which Nathan Ryno Smith won his profes- sional position, were great acuteness of perception, an ex- traordinary power of adaptation to circumstances as they might arise, promptness of action, which sees what is needed to be done and immediately does it, and, above all, indomitable, untiring industry. As was said of Sir Thomas Wilde, so may be said of him : " Ile had industry enough to succeed without talents, and talents enough to succeed without industry." In 1867, when he had completed his seventieth year, he visited Europe, merely for relaxation and recuperation. Ile had no professional object in view, but, at the same time, it was natural that his attention should be turned to subjects which had been the chief in- terests of his life. IIe accordingly visited many of the noted European hospitals ; and as his reputation had long preceded him, he received everywhere a cordial welcome . from the most distinguished surgeons of Great Britain and the continent. He returned home in October of that year, strengthened and refreshed to some degree. But painful disease and the infirmities of age began to press upon him, so that he was compelled to devote less attention to his professional work ; yet he did not entirely withdraw from practice until the last few months before his death. Finally, July 3, 1877, a few weeks after he had completed his eightieth year, life's labors ended, and he slept in death. Professor Smith had devoted time, and thought, and earn- est investigation to the question of man's immaterial being and its destinics in the future, and he found that best solu- tion which is offered by the Christian faith. This he ac- cepted in its fulness. In the pain and suffering of which he had largely to partake, he found his solace and his sup- port in the one source of comfort and pardon and peace. In Baltimore he found a congenial home; fifty years of his life were completed there, and when he was laid to rest, his name had been for whole lifetimes a household word. From the Alleghanics to the Chesapeake, no one was more thoroughly in heart and feeling a son of the soil, more truly a Marylander than he ; and no one was held in higher esteem in the community. Ile was regarded as the Nestor of his profession, and for many years was known as the " Emperor," a title conferred upon him because of his nobility of character, and his eminent attainments as a physician and surgeon. Professor Smith left but one son, Dr. Alan P. Smith, who is also engaged in medical and surgical practice.
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SMITHI, ALAN PENNEMAN, M.D., was born Febru- ary 3, 1840, in the city of Baltimore. His father was Professor Nathan Ryno Smith, for the long period of fifty years connected with the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland; the author of several valuable medical works, and the inventor of the well-known instrument for the casy and safe performance of the operation of lithotomy, previously known as one of the most formidable, difficult, and dangerous of capital operations. It is now employed by many of the first sur- geons in all parts of the world. The Professor himself employed it in about two hundred and fifty cases, and in almost every instance with success. He was also the in- ventor of an apparatus for fractures of the lower extremity, termed the Anterior Suspensory Apparatus, different from anything before employed in this difficult branch of sur- gery. In gunshot wounds of the lower extremities, it has almost entirely dispensed with the necessity of amputation. It is highly commended by the European surgeons. His grandfather, Nathan Smith, was Professor of Surgery and Medicine in Yale College, from the first institution of that chair, in 1813, until his death, in 1828, full of years and professional honors. Dr. Alan P. Smith received his edu- cation in Baltimore, under private tuition, and graduated from the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland, in 1861, and immediately commenced the practice of medi- cine and surgery, in Baltimore. In 1868, he was elected adjunct Professor of Surgery in the University of Maryland, and in 1875 was elected Professor of Operative Surgery, which position he held for two years, and then resigned on account of his largely increasing private practice. He is connected in some way with nearly every hospital in the city of Baltimore as consulting physician or surgeon. The doctor has performed up to this time (1879), the operation of lithotomy in fifty-three cases, being successful in every instance. He is one of the original trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital ; belongs to the Masonic order, and is a member of almost every medical society in the State of Maryland. In politics, he is conservative; and in religion, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, as was his father, He married, October 15, 180g, Miss Emily .. Jones, daughter of Andrew D. Jones, Esq., of Baltimore, who was son of Talbot Jones, of the same city. They have six children, four sons and two daughters. The oldest son is fourteen years of age, and named for his grandfather, Nathan Ryno Smith. The oldest daughter is two years younger, and is named Mary Talbot Smith.
OX, GEORGE, Merchant and Farmer, was born in Harford County, June 17, 1789. Ilis family, which for generations belonged to the Society of Friends, was descended from a noble family in England, and is mentioned in the " Book of Her- aldry." Before attaining the age of twenty, he removed
to Frederick County, where he spent the remainder of his life. He became a successful merchant, but delighted also in his farm, which he kept in the highest state of cultiva- tion. He was called a model farmer. He married Sarah Roberts, a lady of great beauty and remarkable force of character. In her youth she excelled in horsemanship, and on one occasion, with a party of young people, attempted to ford the Potomac River. Suddenly she found herself in deep water, but retaining perfect self-possession, she kept her seat, and guiding her horse, he swam safely with his fair burden to the opposite shore. George Cox was called by those who knew him well, one of nature's noblemen. In all the relations of life, he was just and upright, a man whose word was never questioned. His kindness and hospitality were proverbial. Ilis life was prolonged beyond the average, and was rich in deeds of love and charity. He died after a brief illness at Mountain View, his residence, June 2, 1857. His death called forth the warmest eulogies from the press of his county. Ile left a considerable estate to his widow and children, but they value the memory of his rare and beautiful life far above all earthly possessions.
OX, E. GOVER, Physician and Surgeon, son of George Cox, was born in Frederick County, Mary- land, August 11, 1820. Ile was the second son in a family of nine children, five boys and four girls, who were carefully trained by both their parents to the practical duties of life. They were sent to the best common schools in that part of the county, and in the in- tervals worked on the farm or assisted in their father's store. Amid all the varied industries of his boyhood, Dr. Cox cherished a strong predilection for the medical pro- fession. As early as he can remember, it was his inten- tion to be a physician, and the betrayal of this predisposi- tion in a number of ways, won for him from many in the neighborhood the sobriquet of doctor. His parents also expected, as a matter of course, that he would follow this strong natural inclination. After the academy at Union- town was opened, he enjoyed its advantages till he was seventeen years of age, when he left his home and com- menced his professional studies in the Medical Department of the University of Ohio. From this institution he graduated M.D., in 1840, the year made memorable by the election of General Harrison to the Presidency of the .United States. It had been his intention to settle in the West, but on account of the great depression of the times, he returned to the East. He commenced the practice of his profession near Harper's Ferry, and at once secured a large practice both in Maryland and Virginia. This he attributed to the fact that the malaria from the river and canal, extending over a large territory, produced many cases of disease, and also that there was no other physician
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within a radius of several miles. His success, however, was almost unparalleled, not losing a single patient during the year that he remained, Still the malaria of the place so affected his own health that he was compelled to leave, and located in Uniontown, not far from his native place. His success there was also very remarkable. He was sur- rounded by older and very able physicians, and was com- pelled to work his way to a business and reputation, both of which he fully secured. After a time, he matriculated at the Washington Medical College, of Baltimore, from which he graduated in 1844. In 1852, he removed to Baltimore, in which city he has continued to practice his profession for twenty-six years. Unpresuming, modest, and retiring in his nature, he has never aspired to be a leader, though his profound medical knowledge, his unwearied devotion to his calling, and his high character and ability eminently fit him for any position he might choose to oc- cupy. He is a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and of the Baltimore Medical Asso- ciation. Though he has a large general practice, he has made a specialty of the diseases of women. Ilis great skill and success in this important department, entitles him to be placed in the very front rank of his profession. Dr. Cox was united in marriage, June 30, 1842, to Mary, daughter of Charles Kettlewell, of Adams County, Penn- sylvania, and sister of John Kettlewell, for many years a prominent citizen and politician of Baltimore. Dr. Cox is very prominent in the society of Odd Fellows, having joined it in 1853, and has hekl in it every important office except that of Grand Sire. Ile has been for many years President of the Board of Directors of the Odd Fellows' Library of Baltimore, which numbers twenty thousand volumes. It was in a state of great confusion when he took charge of it; almost useless as a library, on account of its chaotic condition, and the difficulty of finding a de- sired volume when called for. Under his energetic man- agement, this was soon remedied, perfect system and order . were introduced into every department, and a better regu- lated library cannot now be found. Dr. Cox is of medium height ; he has a large head, and pleasant benevolent coun- tenance, lle is held in the highest esteem by his patients, and wins everywhere the warmest respect and regard.
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