USA > Delaware > History of Delaware : 1609-1888 > Part 35
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87
But the enthusiasm of their affection was des. tined soon to be dulled. In 1767 another odion- act was passed by Parliament, imposing duty ou tea, paper, glass and other commodities imported to the colonies. Again the protestations of the colonists were forwarded in addressess, petition- and remonstrances to King George. This tina. however, they were not so promptly compliel with. The taxes were continued and the Revolu tion began to assume delinite form.
To return to the internal affairs, we find the years 1767 and 1768 comparatively uneventful it Delaware At the instance of the merchants o: Philadelphia, the Assembly of the province place! buoys on the shoals in Delaware Bay in 1707, and for the survey- employed Henry Fisher, of Lewi- town, who had also been engaged by them in 1761 to select a site for the first light-house at Cap. Henlopen. The election in 1767 placed in oili John Thompson and James Walker as sheriff an! coroner of New Castle County ; James Wells au ! Solomon Wallace in Kent ; Rhoades Shankland and William Parker in Sussex. In 1768 William McClay succeeded .Walker, and Boaz Manlove
145
COLONIAL HISTORY.
and George Walker were elected as sheriff and by two clerks, who recorded the name of the voter coroner in Sussex Coun y, but the other officers were re-elected.
The year 1769 found the Assembly once more in a mood for extensive legislation, and they dealt with every subject from the Supreme Court down to ao attempt to prevent pigs from running at large without yokes and rings in certain parts of New Castle County. New trustees were appointed to the several loan offices in the different commies. the terms of the old officers having expired. The officers chosen were Evan Rice, Thomas MeK. an and Richard MeWilliam for New Castle County ; John Vining and Clear Rodney for Kents and Jacob Kolluek and John Rodney in Sussex. they having been all reappointed. The days for the convening of the Supreme Court were changed again, the day- selected on this occasion being the 14th of October and the 15th of April for New Castle, the 7th of October and the 224 of April for Dover, and the Friday following the meeting of the November Quarter Sessions and the 24th of April at Lewi-town. On the Governor's visit to New Castle in October he issued a new commission for justices of the peace and the Court of Common Pleas in New Castle County, appointing Evan Rice, John Stapler, Thomas James, David Finney, William Patterson, Thomas Cooch, William Arm- strong, James Lattimer, John Jones, Thomas Me- Kim, William Williams, Jacob Peterson. John Evans, Thomas Tobin, Theodore Maurice, Thomas MeKean, Benjamin Noxen and John Malcolm. In January, 1,70, five new justices were appointed in Kent County, owing to the failure of some of the justices nominated on the last commission to quality. The new magistrates were Thomas Rodney, War- ner Mifflin, James Boyer, Thomas Hanson and Jonathan Anderson.
In 1772 the Assembly came to the rescue of the people of Wilmington, who were continually en- tangling themselves in disputes over the situation and direction of the streets whenever a new build- ing was erected. The boundaries were fixed as well as land marks. The burgesses were empow ered to appoint three or more surveyors to regulate the construction of party-walls and other matters which also had given rise to trouble, and regula- tions for laying off streets and alleys were also drawn up, but not conflicting with the law of the borough for the same purpose. A trouble of a more annoying nature, and one which had unfortu- nately not been sati-factorily dealt with in many parts of the country, even after the lapse of more than a century, was the prevalence of fraud at "lections. The sheriff' or, in his alvence the e do- Her was now made the judge of election, to be assisted by the inspector, who was required to take a rigid oath to assist to " prevent all frauds and deveits " at the election. These officers were aided
anil the person for whom he voted. As the in- spector received a vote. he was required to call out in a loud tone the parre of the elector, which was taken down by the clerk. A series of' boxes were supplied by the sheriff. each containing the name of a hundred in the convey. to receive the votes of their respective inhabitants At the close of the election, the list of voters and number of votes cast by each hundred were compared, but as there was no requirement providing for throwing out the excess of votes over electors, the object of this pro- ceeding is not quite clear. Fines were imposed for attempting to vote rwice, and for many similar primes which still destroy fairness at elections. While the law contained no very striking features. yet it is noteworthy a- an early attempt to seenre the purity of the ballot-box. Later in the same year steps were taken to check the numerous lotteries which were springing into existence : a market was established at New Ark; and the ground on which the public buildings stood at New Castle was placed in charge of trustees, the gentle- men named being Thomas MeKean, George Read, John M. Kinley, Alexander Porter, George Munro, John Evans and David Thompson. A piece of ground on which the people desired to erect a school, and situated in the market square at New Castle, was also vested in trustees, and those appointed for this trust were David Finney, John Thompson, George Read, Thomas Mekean and George Munro. The Rev. Eneas Ross and Messrs. Richard Me Williams and JJoseph Tatlow were appointed in a similar capacity over the ground on which stood the Immanuel Church and burying- grounds. The elections in 1772 resulted in the choice of John Thompson and Joseph Stedham for sheriff and coroner of New Castle County ; John Cook and Caleb Furby in Kent ; and Peter Robin- son and David Drain in Sussex.
The following year little occurred in the lower counties worthy of note, except changes in the magistraey, the erection of a bridge at Lewistown over Lewes Creek, and the departure of the Rev. John Ewing and Dr. Hugh Williamson to Europe to seek aid for the New Ark Academy ; nor was the year 1774 more fruitful of events for the historian. In 1775, however, notwithstanding the lowering clouds of the Revolution, the people found time to devote attention to several matters of importance, although quite foreign to the preparations for war. Conspicuous among these was the care of the poor. The management of the poor was placed in the bands of overseers appointed by the justices of the peace. Service was compulsory upon the e officers when oner elected, and it was their duty to levy special taxes in each hundred for the maintenance of the local imligent. They lodged or sought employment for the poor, as the circumstances of
10
146
HISTORY OF DELAWARE.
each case directed, but no person received assistance without the certificate of two justices. Parents and grandparents were required, when able, to support their poor children and grandchildren, and the children were also expected to support their parents and grandparents. The Court-House and public building at Dover was now placed in the hands of trustees, as those at New Castle had been, the trust devolving upon Casar Rodney, Charles Ridgeley. Samuel Chew, William Killen and Jacob Stout In September a bill was passed by the Assembly for emitting bills of eredit to the amount of thirty thousand pounds, under the direction of Thomas MeKean, Alexander Porter and John Clowes The avowed object of this was the payment of public debts, but the approaching Revolution was doubtless what inspired this last bill.
CHAPTER XIII.
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE EARLY INIIAR- ITANTS.
TIIs history would not be complete if we did not pause here, at the birth of the State of Dela- ware, to give something like a picture of thesocial and domestic lite of the inhabitants of the 'pros- perous and growing colony about the year 1775, and the manners and customs of the early settlers. the pioneers among those hardy pale-faces before whose advance the natives of the soil melted away and disappeared.
When the first white man came within the present limits of Delaware he found the ground closely occupied with a continuou- growth of the primeval forests, except where swamp and marsh and the daily flow of the tide prevented the trees from growing. The sole population were the Delaware, Susquehanna and Nantie ke Indians- hunters and fishers, with corn-fields and patches for beans, squashes and melons. In the deep but not impenetrable forests, of oak, hickorie- and pines, a few, but not many, Indians had their lodges or huts. The hunting and fishing were good : the deer came to the borders of all the small stream -. and the surface of the waters was populous with dense flock, of wild-towl' while their depths
1 In their journal of a voyage to Maryland, in 199, Mossrs, Dankers and Sluyter, under date of December 3d. say that when they arrived at the bottle of Angustine Herman, in corit County, My, they "Moja directed to a place to sleep, but the surge latig of wild forse and other wild fowl in the creek . Bohenny before the door, prachtei us from having a gord shop "
They proceeded down the Eastern Shore of Maryland to Sali-hury, and on their journey back to New Castle Goed the Greattas liver, where they say they never www . many lucks. " The water was so black with them that it seemed, when you looked from the lated let os upon the water. as if it were a misset hith or turf. mol when they few up there was a rislong and wiltat trof the air like a _weit slim et- ing through the trees, and even ihr the rumbling of ilistanit thunder, while the sky over the whole niech was filled with them like a . lund, or like the starlings fly at harvest trine in Fatherland" On the Sand-
teemed with fishes of every size, from the sturg . to the smallest pan-fish. The great oak-gris were favorite resorts of bucks and does, turk : and partridges, and wild pigeons, and there sie, ed to have been a regular " pigeon-roust." .. breeding-place for the gregarious bird (if We m accept the ordinary interpretation of such Ini name=) at Moyamensing.' In the spring at. early summer months, just after the Indians of ti interior had planted their corn and beans, ti Delaware and schuylkill were tilled with ines. culably large choals of the migratory fish, pressin. towards fresh water in order to deposit th .. spawn, and pursued by schools of the predator, sea fish. At these seasons the shores of the river. were thronged with Indian- and their lodges, whi .. their canoes darted gayly over the surface, men. women and children spearing or netting fish, and cleaning and drying them. The sturgeon, th .. porpoise, now and then the salmon, were all caught. with innumerable shad, herring, alewives and bream, pike and perch. In the autumn again the Indians were drawn to the river-shore by the at- tractions of the oyster bars and banks. This was in the interval after the corn harvesting and the beginning of the winter hunting.
The territory in the neighborhood of New Ca -. tle had grown to be familiar for councils and general conferences of the Indian tribes. At the time the whites came to the Delaware, the Nanti- cokes, the Susquehannas. the Delawares, the Shawances and the Iroquois were accustomed to kindle their council-fires, smoke the pipe of deliberation, exchange the wampum belts of ex- planation and treaty, and drive hard bargain- with one another for peltries, provisions and sup- plies of various kinds, on the banks of the river and bay which bears the name of Delaware. The trails made by the savages in going to and from their points of union were deep and broad at the coming of the whites, and they have generally been followed in laying out the carly roads.
The first white settler- within the pre-ent bound- of Delaware, as has already been shown in the preceding chapters, and the only white settler- previous to the coming of Penn who made any distinet and durable impress upon the country. were the Swedes. Their first, second and third colonies, which arrived out in 1638 and 1640, and fre River, at Mr. Frisby's plantation, they say, " We must not forget to mention the great munder it wild cause we saw here in the river. !! rise but in thekauf ton, or twelve, of twenty, or thirty, last conti'. ou-ly, wherever we juished our way ; and as they made room for i .. there was sich an incessant clattering made with their wings uje the water where they rose, and such a mouse of these thing higher it. that it was as if we were all the time surrounded to a whirlwind .f . stam This moment . not only tra gere, but from ducks and aler water-fasl. ,and it is aret perthar to this je me alone, but it wascurled all the chicks and users we cfa I, though they were nost annet in the morning and + woning, when they are most easily shot "
2 . Vejathen ing signifies an niejean place, a dung-heap. At . . the great flocks ut jageen- had their post in the forest and mele !! place unclean for the Indians, from whom it received its name - Serious.
147
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.
the fifth colony also, which came between those of superseded betere sailing by Capt Powel Jansen ). Printz and Risingh, contained a good many Dutch, The government vedere these officers, therefore, to lay hands on such married soldier as had either evaded service or committed some other offense, and transport thon, wib their wives and children, to New sweden with the promise to bring them home again within two years, -- to do this. however, justly and discreetly,' that no alet might onsne." In 1640 again the Governor of the province of Orebro was ordered to prevail upon the unsettled Finns to betase themselves with their wives and children, and were indeed partly recruited and titted ont it the Netherlands, with Dutch capital and ander Dutch management. It is also the fact that the Dutch sent parties frequently to the Zuydt River to settle and plant, as well as to trade with the Indians, and that Stuyvesant, after the recapture of Fort Casimir, the overthrow of Risingh's rov- ernment and the subjugation of New Sweden. : out many of his people to the south side of Delas are to settle the country. For all that the Swedes were the first permanent colonists. The Dutch were adventurers, fond of trading and navigation. As a rule they did not bring their families to the Delaware with them, and they could easily reach their own countrymen in New York after English
to New Sweden. Lient. Mans Kling, who was new back in Sweden, was sent to recruit for emi- grants in the mining regions of Westmanland and Dalarne. H- was also particularly instructed to cnlist the "roaming Finu-,' who were tramps, or squatters living rent free in the forests. Next rule had been established by Lovelace, and the year.when Printz had received his commission, he was trade in furs and peltries was no longer profitable so low down on the Delaware. The Swelles and Finns, on the other hand, had no such migratory propensity. They were like trees, and grew in the soil to which they had been transplanted, as if they had never known any other. As a rule they had not emigrated from their native country from choice, but were transplanted by force. One rea- son, indeed, why the Dutch partners had been invited to co-operate with the Swedish West India Com- pany was that emigrants and volunteers to the new country were so hard to procure.
The Swedish and Finnish peasants had very strong local attachments They did not wish to abandon their native soil, in spite of the scanty livelihood it assured them. The " Kalmar Nye- kel" and the " Gripen" were delayed a long time in getting their passengers for the first voyage under Minuit. It is not certainly known that of this party with Minuit, more than one person- Lieut. Mans Kling-was a Swede. Anders Svensson Bonde, Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, Per Andersson, Anders Larsson Daalbo, Sven Lars-on, Sven Gunnersson, his son, Sven Svensson. Lars Svensson Kackin. Moens Anderson, Iven Thors- son and Marten Gotter-on were all of them certainly in New Sweden in 1640,1 but it cannot be shown whether they came over with Minuet or with his successor. Hollandaer. 1. Prof. Odhner shows by the record. " the people enter- tained a repugnante to the long sea-voyage to the remote and heathen land. It is affirmed in the letters of the administration to the Governors of the provinces of Elfsborg and Varmland, that no otte spontaneously offered to accompany Capt. Van Vliet (who was originally appointed to command the ship that bore Hollandaer's party, but was
I See Prof. Odbier's Found'us of New sweden, Pomerenia Ma aziar, vol. ii., where much new light is thrown on the obscure annals of these early settlement4.
Halle der Volcker, in Royal Archives of Sweden, quoted by tritelator uf Prof. Odhner's article in Penna Magazine.
sent to hunt up the same class of persons, the Gov- ernors of Dal and Värmland receiving orders to captare and imprison, provided they could not give security or wonkl not go to America, the " forrest-destroying Finns," who, as described in a royal mandate, " again-t our ediet and proclam- ation, destroy the forrests hy setting traets of wood on fire, in order to sow in the ashes, and who mal- Eciously fell trees." A trooper in the province of Starabors, who had broken into the eloister garden of the royal mona-tery at Varnhem, in Westergothland, and committed the heinous crime of entting down six apple-trees and two cherry- trees, was given the option of emigrating or being hung. The " Charitas," which sailed in 1641 tor New Sweden, had four criminals in a total of thirty-two passengers, the greater number of the remainder being indentured servants or " redemp- tioners." In fact, Lieut .- Col. Printz was himself a disgraced man, having been court-martialed and dismissed from the army for the dishonorable and cowardly capitalization of Chemnitz, of which he was commandant, so that his appointment to the colony of New Sweden was in some sort a punish - ment and a banishment.
But this very reluctance of the Swedes to emi- grate made them the best of immigrants. They stayed in the place to which they had been re- moved, and became permanent fixtures in the new soil just as they had wished to be left in the old. They were quiet, orderly, decent, with no injurious vices, and in that kindly soil and climate the natural fruitfulness of their families was greatly increased. Aerelius, noticing this prolitieness, says quaintly, " Joseph Cobson, in Chester, twenty years ago, had the blessing to have his wife have twins. his eow two calves, and his owe two lambs, all on one night in the month of March. All continued to live." And he gives several other instances of the sort. Be this as it may, the Swedes remained on the spot through all-the changes of administra-
148
HISTORY OF DELAWARE.
tion as if adscripti gleher, and they multiplied so rapidly that when Carl Christopherson Springer wrote his letter to Postmaster Thelin at Stockholm. in 1693, only forty-five years after the first inimi- gration, he was able to furnish "a roll of all the (Swedish) men, women and children which are found and still live in New Sweden, on the Dela- ware River," to the number of one hundred and eighty-eight families, nine hundred and forty-two persons. This does not include the Swedes on the other side of the Delaware, many families residing on the east bank being included in the list of " Tydable" (taxable) persons returned in the Duke of York's Court at Upland, in November. 1677.1
1 It is perhaps expedient to give those lista, commencing with the one forwarded by Springer to Thelin. The names which are sedated in this list are such as likewise meur in the Upland list.
Number in family.
Number in funtily.
Hindrick Anderson. 5
Frederick Hoppmann.
Johan Andersson.
Johan Andersen.
Joran Andersson
Hindrink Iwar-son
3
John .trinn .
Hundench Jucub.
1
Joran Bagman. 3 Witts .Jacob.
1
Amters Dengston.
1
Bengt Bongstom
Peter Juecout ...
Diedrick Johanssuh. 5
Johan Bonde.
1
Sven Bruke
5
Lars Bure ..
William Cobb
6
Jat Jonsen.
Christams flessen
List of those still living who were born in Sweden :
Peter Rumbo, \Fifty-four years in
Antony Long.
Anders Bende, & New Sweden.
I-tuel Helm.
E ic Cock
9
Christiern JGratisson
1
Anders Bengtsson.
Ander- Human.
Gabriel Cock
7
Johan Cort
7 Jorda Jyransson.
1
Hans Peter-son.
Cant. Love Lock
11 stephen JoralesoD.
Hindrick Collman.
Laisse Kempe
6
Marten Martenson, Sr.
Jons Gustafsonti.
Otto Erfiat l'uck
Frederick honig
Muens Talltel.
Hlindrick dollman. 1
MI,-tin Kuntsson
Hans Olafsson.
Conrad Constantine.
Olle Kinckow
Anders Senera.
Johan von Culen .. 5
Hans Kohl's utenbach.
5
Ulf lunse.
Bruur Seneca.
Otto Dahlho ..
7 Jonas Kyn ..
Eskil Andersun.
Peter Dahilm. C.
Matts Ky n ......
Matts se Viss.
Hindrick Danielsson
5 Nils Latean.
5
simnon Johansen.
Johan Hindre k-on.
Thomas Pennis.
And. Person Longaker ..
:
Pani Mink.
Amleis Wetttont.
Anders Diedrick-400 .. 1
Indink Larsen
7 Lars Larson
7
Lars Larsen.
1
Eric Ericsson
1 Anders Lock ..
1
Eric Molica
Anders Mink.
1 Nils Mattson.
Names of Turables not included in abore list.
1
Hans Moens
1
Pelle Fit ++1.
1
Eric Pilsen
1
Bruck Paling.
1
Hans durian
1
Andiriscaling 1
Nils Freuler (windows)
7
Olle Fransson
Peter Mathisen.
Justo Daniels and serve
Jendra k Holman
1
Nils Gastenbelt.
Mirtes Martinsson, Sr. 3
1
Brita Gostafoot
J. han Mattson
11
Gostaf GSstatasız
NI. Martin ..
3
Hany Gustafsson .. 7 Chistopher Meyer.
7
Jons Gust.Llowm.
3
Pant Mink
5
Dunck Williams.
Antony Maten
1
Mans ( Moens ) Gustafsson
Erse Mulica
5
Audels Miles 0
3
Lars Halling
1
4
Manuel Nilsson.
11
Israel Helin ..
5
Johan Hindersson, Jr.
Johan there
5
Jan Poet-on.
E
Dele fuer ke
1
David Hindrieson ..
Lupin & Patchett.
1
Jan shirin ..
1
I. ter At.Ir. as and son ..
wnrian Il. rt.s.der
1
Johan Hodin
Matts Hoilsten
Prtor l'isun. 5
1 Andas Houvan
Anders Hoppman
Ulle Pel. 15soll
The Swedes on the Delaware have sometin - been reproached as a lazy people because they do not clear the forests at a rapid rate, nor bu! themselves fine holes. But this is not the chars.
James Number in family.
Number au fre
Buta Peterson.
I-tarl Stark
Call Veterans.
Matt- Stark ......
7 Vlam stedham ..
Lar- l'eter-on ... 1 Istmind Stedh stn.
J'ai.l Peteis-un
Benjamin Stedhan
l' ter l'e trysson.
Peter stake inlaty Peterson) .. .. 3
2
Johann Stillman.
Jonas Stillman.
Peter Stillman.
Olle Stobey
Petr Tambn, Jr.
6
Matty Repmitt.
3
Nils Repett.
Witham Talley
Elias Tay. 5
Atdets Robertson
3
Chateau 'Thomas' (erulea)
Pant Sahlunge
3
Isac Savoy
tille Thorson.
Johan & hrage.
Handruk Toest
Johan Seute. 1 Tuhan Tossa.
Ander- Seneca.
LATS THANI. 1
Bruor Fenera
Matt- Tuwa. 1
Joins & agre's (window)
6
Cornelius Van thr Weer.
1 Jacob Van der Weer
Matt- Skrika .. 3
Hindrick >lohey.
Carl Springer
Jesper Walbraven ...
Minns Shtale.
1
Jonas Wallraven ... 1
Christian Stalcop.
3 Anders Wrinom 1
Johan staloop ..
6 Auders Willer.
Peter stalcop ...
II.
Jacob Classon .. 6 1
Jacob Clemson
Thomas Jonson
1
Hans Jorunsent
Olle Dedrickson.
Muens Stanke.
Carl Atopher Springer.
Himdrick Jacobson.
6 Jacob Clemson.
IImdrick Andersson.
Olof Paulsson.
Stephen Joraussen.
!
Matte Ericsson 3 Antony Long
Himtrick Faske 5 Robert Longhorn. .
Casper Fisk .. 10 Hans Lucasion
Matthias du Fort
I gras Luca-son. 6
1
Anders Frenia,
4 Peter Lucasson.
I
Erie G,ssteuberx
Morten M rt msm, Jr. 7
Hendrick Jacobs (upon 3º I-Lin 1
Hemluik Tole
1
Andrussian and father.
Andries BertoldoD.
Vele Swatisen und setvt.
Jan Hertilen ..
1
Swen Lima
1
Jan Vornelissen and son ...
Orl Stille
1
Livre Mortens.
1
Thu Jatul.
1
Matthias Clausen
1
Iolwit Warde.
Ni rle Larty n and suns.
Will Outat.
1
Peter Matyen ....
1
Knut Mortelen ... 1
An fera Huvirul sun ...
Lorentz ijster-son 1
1% nest land-soll
1
1
Karl Duckett.
1 Han- Hotels and " soby.
1
Mr. Jones y" hutter. 1 Poull Corvorn.
' Hereditary saruamnes, " says Mr. Edmund Armstrong (quoting JI.
1
Erir GorAUS-LI.
Mats Martenemos
Olof Petersson.
Olof Kinkovo.
Stepban Ekhoru.
Mirten Muntenson, Jr.
Ainders Dichie ksson.
Göran Eftersol
1 Momts Lock
3
1 1
Qele Tmelson and 2 sons 3
Harmen Ennis
Michail Frederik-
1 Harten Lit: +1 1
Clairs Stlirani .. 1
Johan Grantinn 3
5
Frank Walker ...
1
1
Lus Johntusen
Simon Julian-son
14
Airlers Jonson.
1
3
Mile .Jonson.
JJacob Van der Weer.
WilliamAan itet Weer 1
Himbuk Jacobson
Anders Boude 11
Pour Rimbo, er
1
Gunnar avrilson
Joban Rambo ..
Tar A Stolham
Lyoff Stilhan
1 Moens Haliton,
Bertell Larrsen
Hindrik Iwarsson.
Olle Diedrickason
149
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.
ter which Penn gives them, nor that to which their his intercomnse with the Indians. They were not performance- entitle them. Penn says, " They are devoid, moreover, of what would nowadays be a plain, strong, industrious people, yet have made esteemed remarkable industrial enterprise. There no great progress in the culture or propagation of can be no doubt that the Swedes-probably those " wandering Finns "from the Swedish iron ore regions -discovered and worked the ore-banks authority, adding, " As they are a people proper of veril and Harford Counties. Md., long before George Talbot's mian r of Susquehanna was patent- ed or Principio Furnace thought of. The mill afterwards med by Talbot, and to which his ten- ante were compelled to being their corn to be ground was originally started by the Swedes to drive a rude belowz biast of their own.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.