USA > Georgia > Chatham County > Savannah > A history of Savannah and South Georgia, Volume I > Part 60
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The driveways surrounding the city have all been greatly praised by visitors from all parts of the world, and add to the attractiveness
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of Savannah as a resort for travelers. The city is constantly being beantified by the laying out of roads and the erection of buildings architectually picturesque.
Some notable events in the recent history of the city are herewith. given in chronological order:
1872-The Cotton Exchange was organized.
1875-The Confederate Monument in the Parade Ground erected.
1883-Board of Trade established; and the sesqui-centennial of the landing of Oglethorpe celebrated.
1884-Monument to William W. Gordon erected in Wright square by Central Railroad.
1886-Centennial of Chatham Artillery, and visit of Jefferson Davis and his daughter Winnie.
1888-Erection of Monument to Sergt. William Jasper.
1889-Chatham County Court House erected : and great fire in which the Independent Presbyterian church. Guards' armory and other buildings destroyed.
1899-Boulder in memory of Indian Chief Tomochichi reared in Wright square.
1899-The Union Station erected.
1908-International Automobile Race.
1909-Monuments to Generals Bartow and MeLaws placed in Chippewa square; and Associated Charities organized.
1910-International Automobile Race; and erection of Monument to General Oglethorpe.
1912-Hotel Savannah built; Collins Hotel begun; plans for Hotel Georgia adopted. The oldest hotel in Savannah is the Pulaski House, which has entertained many distinguished persons. The DeSoto, standing on the spot once occupied by Oglethorpe Bar- racks, is a first class hotel, and is well kept. It was built by a company whose stockholders spent a large sum in its construc- tion.
OGLETHORPE MONUMENT
The erection in 1910 of the monument to the memory of Georgia's founder, James Edward Oglethorpe, was an affair in which not only Savannah but the whole state was deeply interested. In response to suggestions made from time to time, particularly in later years, of the patriotic societies, a charter was granted on the 18th of May, 1901, to the Oglethorpe Monument Association, formed of representatives of the Colonial Dames, Sons of the Revolution, Daughters of the American Revolution and Society of Colonial Wars. Subscriptions to the fund for building the monument were made by those societies and by indi- viduals and on the 12th of July. 1905. a joint resolution to provide for state aid in the matter was introduced in the Georgia house of rep- resentatives, which was favorably reported on by the committee on appropriations with the recommendation that the sum of $15,000 be set aside for the purpose. After considerable opposition, the legisla- ture passed the resohition, and it was approved by Governor Joseph M. Terrell ou the 16th of August, 1906, and he appointed the following commission to carry the resolution into effect :
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Hon. J. Randolph Anderson, chairman; Hon. P. A. Stovall, Hon. 1. A. Lawrence, Hon. Walter G. Charlton, Col. J. H. Estill, Col. A. R. Lawton, of Savannah: Capt. Robert E. Park, Hon. Allen D. Candler, Hon. W. G. Cooper. of Atlanta : Hon. Joseph R. Lamar, of Augusta; Hon. II. F. Dunwoody, of Brunswick.
Colonel Estill died during the administration of Governor Hoke Smith, who appointed Capt. R. J. Davant of Savannah in his place. While Governor Joseph M. Brown was in office, Captain Park and ex- Governor Candler died, and two Savannah gentlemen, Messrs. Wym- berley J. De Renne and J. Florance Minis, took their places.
Through the appeal of the commission the city council of Savannah appropriated $15,000 towards the erection of the monument, and the services of Mr. Daniel Chester French, the eminent sculptor, were seenred to execute the work. Mr. French engaged as his assistant the well-known architect of New York, Mr. Henry Bacon.
On Wednesday morning, November 23, 1910, the monument was unveiled with imposing ceremonies. The invocation was made by Rt. Rev. F. F. Reese, Bishop of Georgia ; an address was made by Hon. J. Randolph Anderson, member of the legislature and chairman of the Oglethorpe Monument Commission, followed by a speech by Acting British Ambassador Hon. A. Mitchell Innes, closing with one by Hon. Walter G. Charlton, on the life, character and service of Oglethorpe; when the unveiling was done by Gov. Joseph M. Brown, assisted by the president of the Georgia Society of Colonial Dames of America, Mrs. J. J. Wilder. After the dedication a parade and grand review of all the troops by the governor was held in the parade ground.
MIDWAY CHURCH AND MONUMENT TO GENERALS SCREVEN AND STEWART
There are many persons in Savannah who are in some way associated with the history of Liberty county and especially interested in the old church known as Midway church. That church has a history which is honorable and interesting. Many of its members fought for the liberty of America in the War of the Revolution, descendants of whom are liv- ing in Savannah and elsewhere who have held and still hold positions of honor and trust. Ex-President Roosevelt is an example, and the wife of President Woodrow Wilson is the granddaughter of one of the pastors of that church, the Rev. I. S. K. Axson, D. D. During the revolution Brig .- Gen. James Sereven who was a patriot of the most decided courage and virtne fell near the sacred edifice, pierced by eleven wounds inflicted by the British and died from those wounds. Here also Gen. Daniel Stewart. equally patriotic and honored, a native of the county, took part in the fighting which secured the independence of the states while a very young man, and lived to see the country free and happy as an acknowledged power among the nations of the world. Tardy justice has been done to the memory of those two noble charac- ters; who lie buried in the cemetery belonging to that historie church, and in a very short time after these words are written a momment pro- vided for by congressional appropriation will be erected jointly to com- memorate their illustrious lives. The smn appropriated is $10,000, and the contract for the monument has been given to the MeNeil Marble Company, of Marietta, Georgia. It is to be fifty feet in height, and the material selected is granite from Elbert county.
CHAPTER XLII THE LEGAL AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
EARLY LAWYERS AND DOCTORS-SOME PROMINENT LAWYERS OF A LATER PERIOD-COLONIAL PHYSICIANS -- THE PROFESSION AT THE PRESENT TIME.
The history of the legal and medieal professions in Savannah must be very briefly told in this work. The material for the writing of those branehes is so rich and abundant that its free use would not be pos- sible here. The colonial records show how the first county was estab- lished and give the names of the men holding positions in them; but we do not find any evidence of the fact that lawyers of special legal ability resided here until many years after the colony was founded. When Sir James Wright, in 1773, made a report on the condition of the province in September of that year, Anthony Stokes was the chief justice, James Edward Powell was judge of the admiralty, and Charles Pryce was attorney-general, but in his absenee James Hume aeted in that capacity. He also mentioned that three assistant judges sat with the chief justice, but gave no names.
EARLY LAWYERS AND DOCTORS
In February, 1779, we find that Stokes was still the chief justice, that of the assistant judges "all dead except James Deveaux who is in Georgia and I believe a Rebel." Charles Pryce was attorney-general but absent and "protempore James Hume, Esq., in London," and James Edward Powell, judge of court of vice admiralty, in London. The following were named as attorneys-at-law: James Hume, John Mul- lyne, George Barry, Henry Yonge, Jr., Philip Moore, Mr. Panton. Mr. Moss, Mr. Wood, and Mr. Jenkins, and several others, but it appears that not one of them was at that time in Georgia. In May, 1780, Stokes was chief justice, Martin Jollie assistant judge, James Robertson, attor- ney-general, John Simpson, prothonotary, and clerk of the Crown, and the following attorneys-at-law were in Savannah: Wm. Jones, Wm. Stewart, Thos. Gibbons, and Samuel Farley. In August of the same year Governor Wright wrote of John Glen that he was "the late Rebel Chief Justice of this Province."
Before this period we find other names mentioned among the prac- titioners and jurists, but in such a way that we know definitely very
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little as to the time of service of any of them. Col. Noble Jones is referred to as aeting chief justice, as well as Henry Parker, Jonathan Bryan, and others. In 1759 Wm. Grover was chief justice, but was later suspended from office. In 1780 William Stephens was elected to that office, and he had been attorney-general before under Chief Justice John Glen.
SOME PROMINENT LAWYERS OF A LATER PERIOD
From the time of the last days of the Revolution names of lawyers appear frequently, and we have rather meagre records of John Wereat, Samuel Stirk, Richard Howley. Joseph Clay, Wm. O'Bryan, Wm. Gib- bons, George Walton, and others. Later on we have other names which are familiar to students of Georgia history, such as Wm. Smith, John Houston, Henry Osborne. Nathaniel Pendleton. James Jackson, and many more. We cannot do more than to barely mention the names of some of these men who became famous at the Savannah bar, whom we must not omit : John Macpherson Berrien, John Y. Noel, William Law, George Jones, Thomas U. P. Charlton, Wm. Davies, James M. Wayne, John C. Nieoll. Henry R. Jackson, Edward J. Harden, Chas. S. Henry, Wm. B. Fleming, Joseph W. Jackson, Francis S. Bartow, Claudius C. Wilson, Thos. M. Norwood. Wm. B. Bulloch, Geo. S. and Jno. W. Owens, Mordecai Sheftall, R. W. Habersham, Robt. M. Charlton, John Millen, L. S. D'Leon, M. H. McAllister, Jno. M. Clark. R. W. Pooler, Wm. W. Gordon, Mordecai Meyers. J. De. La Motta, Wm. II. Stiles, Alex R. Law- ton, John E. Ward. Geo. J. Kolloek. Solomon Cohen. Rufus E. Lester, Julian Hartridge, Walter S. Chisholm, John M. Guerard, Geo. A. Mercer, S. Yates Levy, John M. B. Lovell, A. Pratt Adams, B. A. Den- mark, Henry B. Thompkins, Wm. D. Harden, Wm. Schley, Robt. Fallig- ant, F. G. du Begion. R. R. Richards, Chas. N. Vest. Samuel B. Adams, J. R. Saussy, and others. It is not possible to speak of all the present members of the bar, some of whom are mentioned in the list given above. Prominent among these are Win. Garrard, Peter W. Meldrim, Alex. R. Lawton, Henry C. Cunningham, W. W. Osborne. Alex. A. Lawrence, Joseph Cronk, Fred T. Saussy, Samuel B. Adams, and his son, A. Pratt Adams, Walter G. Charlton. T. Mayhew Cunningham, Davis Freeman, W. W. Mackall, Alex. II. MaeDonell, J. Randolph Anderson, Robt. L. Colding, Geo. T. Cann, J. Ferris Cann, W. R. Leaken, A. Minis. M. A. O'Byrne, Geo. W. Owens, H. E. Wilson, J. M. Rogers, U. H. MeLaws, Raiford Falligant, R. J. Travis. H. D. D. Twiggs, F. M. Oliver, J. E. Oliver, H. W. Johnson, W. W. Gordon. W. P. Hardee, W. C. Hartridge, Chas. G. Edwards, T. P. Ravenel, Gordon Saussy, Wm. B. Stephens, W. B. Stubbs, G. II. Richter, John Rourke, Jr., F. P. MeIntire, D. C. Barrow, E. H. Abrahams. J. R. Can. E. A. Cohen, J. M. Dreyer. R. M. Hitch, Shelby Myrick, John E. Schwarz, P. E. Seabrook, L. G. Harvey, J. Gazan, S. N. Gazan, G. Noble JJones, A. R. Lawton, Jr., Edward S. Elliott, John L. Travis.
COLONIAL PHYSICIANS
We now pass on to the medical profession, and here we have great difficulty in tracing the record of the earliest doctors in Georgia, as the
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first writers had little to say on the subject. Among the sore-heads of the colony who were not at all in harmony with General Oglethorpe were Dr. Patrick Tailfer and Dr. Hugh Anderson, but we know little or nothing of their career, not even as to the extent of their practice. Dr. Nunis was a member of the Hebrew congregation which appeared shortly after the landing of the first colonists, and we have told in another place the story of their adventures. We have become familiar with the names of Dr. Noble Wymberley Jones, Dr. John Irvine and Dr. Thomas Young through the frequent mention of their names in Georgia records; but the facts in relation to the work done by them as physicians are meager. From what has come down to us they must have been men of considerable experience and successful in their practice as were also men of the same profession in the early days of the nineteenth century, among whom we mention Drs. Nicholas Bavard. James Glen. John Grimes, Thos. Schley, Henry Bourquin, James Bond Read, Geo. V. Proe- tor, Lemuel Kollock. James Ewell. Moses Sheftall, John Cumming, Joshua E. White. Then came Drs. Wm. C. Daniell, Chas. Williamson. George Jones, James P. Sereven, Wm. Parker, Peter Ward, and Thomas Young, Jr. Drs. Wm. R. Waring, Cosmo P. Richardsone, Stephen N. Harris, P. M. Kollock. J. R. Saussy, T. G. Barnard, Richard D. Arnold, W. A. Caruthers, Henry K. Burroughs, T. Bartow, Martin Tufts. Rieh- ard Wayne, J. D. Fish. J. A. Wragg, Wm. Gaston Bulloch, Alex. Cun- ningham, and R. Wildeman were practitioners before and after the great war of 1861-1865, and a number of them are still held in grateful remembrance by some of the citizens of today. Others still whose names should not be omitted were Joseph Clay Habersham, Raymond Harris, John F. Posey, Wm. M. Charters, Harvey L. Byrd, J. J. Waring, R. J. Nunn, Win. H. Cuyler. J. Gordon Howard, Chas. W. West. Jos. J. West, Jas. S. Sullivan, Jno. W. Franeis, James Stoney, J. C. Habersham, Jr., Juriah Harriss, Eaton Yonge, E. P. Starr, James Campfield. James G. Thomas, Thos. J. Charlton ( father of the present estimable and popular Dr. Thos. J. Charlton), Robt. P. Myers, Wm. Duncan, J. C. Le Hardy, Raymond B. Harris, Jolm D. Martin, Frank Lincoln, Geo. H. Stone, J. S. Houstoun, C. H. Colding, M. F. Dunn. Savannah has supported two successful medical colleges, the Savannah and the Ogle- thorpe; but they have long since suspended their work and students of medieine now go elsewhere for instruction.
THE PROFESSION AT THE PRESENT TIME
- Although there is now no college for the edueation of medical stu- dents in Savannah, the city can boast of one of the oldest medical socie- ties in the United States. The Georgia Medical Society was incorporated in 1804, and the charter members were men of ability in the profession, the names of all of them being included in the list given above. The' first president was Dr. Noble Wymberley Jones and the first vice-presi- dent was Dr. John Irvine. It was intended to be a state society, but its membership has nearly all the time been composed of physicians resid- ing in and near Savannah. In addition to the names of Savannah physi- cians already given the following are some of more recent date, many of whom are at this time practicing: Drs. B. S. Purse, Wm. HI. Elliott,
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W. W. Owens, C. N. Brandt, M. L. Boyd, T. B. Chisholm, B. F. Sheftall, J. G. Keller, E. II. Nichols, R. G. Norton, S. L. Phillips, J. A. Wegefarth, B. P. Oliveros, Seuthart C. Hummel, J. Weichselbaum. E. G. Lind, J. A. Moltare. M. G. Thomas. T. P. Waring. A. J. Waring. Geo. R. White, J. F. Chisholm, HI. II. Martin, R. V. Martin, J. Lawton Hiers. T. S. Clay, H. P. Adams. A. L. R. Avant. Craig Barrow, T. W. Causey, Lawrenee Lee, G. HI. Johnson. W. S. Wilson, St. J. de Caradeue, J. L.
Farmer, J. O. Baker. E. R. Corson, N. T. Counts, J. A. Crowther, W. B. Crawford, J. K. Train, R. M. Thomson, G. O. Brinkley, J. W. Dan- iels. M. X. Corbin. HI. Y. Righton, Jr .. F. Wahl. R. S. Reid. C. Silver- man, C. M. Rakestraw, Geo. M. Norton, Walter A. Norton. W. B. O'Rear, E. S. Osborne. A. A. Morrison, J. E. Morrison. Geo. L. Harmon, Jabez Jones, W. R. Dancy. R. V. Harris, G. W. Heriot, H. W. IIesse, C. B. Lanneau, Ralston Lattimore, II. B. Stanley, While most of the above are general practitioners, several are specialists.
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CHAPTER XLIII THE MILITARY SPIRIT
FIRST VOLUNTEER REGIMENT-FIELD, STAFF, AND COMPANY OFFICERS TODAY-MASONIC SOCIETIES-OTHER BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES- PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES-NOTABLE SPOTS MARKED BY MEMORIAL TABLETS, ETC .- GEORGIA SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS -- GEORGIA SOCIETY SONS OF THE REVOLUTION-SAVANNAH'S NEWSPAPERS.
Savannah has always ranked as one of the cities of this great country in which the military spirit abounds and is always manifest ; and she has been imbued with that spirit from the time when her illustrious founder first stepped upon her shore until the present time. Oglethorpe was a mil- itary genius, and his plans were all laid with an eye to the importance of having the territory of Georgia protected on all sides by a sufficient number of men equipped for fighting. Throughout the pages of this history the reader has been confronted with facts showing that the very situation of the place marks the necessity of its being always fortified and sufficiently manned for emergencies that might arise under certain conditions, and the readiness with which our people invariably respond ยท to the demand for the very best protection. The city has never failed to provide her full quota of well-drilled troops whenever the country has had need of help outside of the regular army. In wars, colonial, pro- vincial, revolutionary, and of later times to this present moment calls for troops raised among our best people have met with hearty and quick response. Companies raised more than a century ago still keep up their organizations, and their members of today are proud of the record made by their predecessors in the long ago. In chronological order the facts relating to the organizing of the varions companies have already engaged the attention of the reader, and the attention of the reader will now be directed to the latest record of the military body which forms the great part of the local division Georgia National Guard. The soy- eral military companies of the city comprising the First Volunteer Regi- ment of Georgia have received our attention. and the reader has been made acquainted with the important faets in their history to and inehid- ing the war of 1861-1865. We now resume the subject, and briefly relate the important matters relating to that organization since then.
FIRST VOLUNTEER REGIMENT
Col. Alex. R. Lawton held command at the beginning of the struggle between the North and the South, but entering the Confederate army
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he was promoted and saw service elsewhere and did his full share in the conflict which resulted in the failure of Georgia to acquire the right she sought to establish. He was succeeded by Col. Ingh W. Mercer who was soon thereafter promoted and Col. Charles H. Olinstead com- manded the regiment from that time until the close of the war. Upon the re-organization after Georgia was admitted into the Union Col. Olm- stead was again called to the command in 1872, but resigned in 1876, when Col. Clifford W. Anderson was elected in his place. After ten years' service Colonel Anderson resigned in 1886, and Capt. George A. Mercer, then in command of the Republican Blues, was promoted to the position once held by his father. Failing health compelled Colonel Mercer to resign early in 1896, when Alexander R. Lawton, Jr., was called to the position his honored father had ably filled. Under him the regiment. was mustered into the United States service during the War with Spain in 1898 and remained in service until its close when, in 1900, he returned, and Col. Thomas S. Wylly, Jr., took command until October, 1902. In November of that year, Col. Geo. Arthur Gordon was elected as commander of the regiment, and retained the rank of colonel until August, 1908, turning it over to Major Michael J. O'Leary who was commissioned as colonel in the succeeding October.
FIELD, STAFF, AND COMPANY OFFICERS TODAY
The organization of the regiment at the present time (November 25. 1912) is as follows :
Field and Staff
Col. Michael J. O'Leary.
Lieut. Col. John G. Butler.
Maj. Abram Levy.
Maj. Charles H. Richardson.
Maj. George H. Richter.
Capt. Heury H. Aveilhe, adjutant.
Capt. John J. Gaudry, quartermaster.
Capt. George B. Elton, commissary.
Capt. William R. Dancy, inspector small arms practice.
Capt. Sidney L. MeCarty, chaplain. Battalion Adjutants
First Lieut. David S. Atkinson.
First Lieut. A. Duncan Kent.
First Lieut. Jolm S. Nixon, Jr.
Battalion Commissary and Quartermasters
Second Lieut. Raiford Falligant.
Second Lieut. T. R. Miller.
Medical Staff
Maj. Robert V. Martin.
Capt. H. Paul Adams
First Lieut. Joseph E. Morrison.
Companies
Company A-Clinch Rifles, Capt. James F. Henderson, stationed at Augusta, Ga.
Company B-Oglethorpe Infantry, Capt. Thaddeus C. Jewitt, sta- tioned at Augusta, Ga.
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Company C-Fitzgerald Guards, First Lieut. William S. Haile com- manding, stationed at Fitzgerald, Ga.
Company D-Richmond Light Infantry, Capt. George IIains, sta- tioned at Augusta, Ga.
Company E-Burke Light Infantry, Capt. Moses C. Cohen, sta- tioned at Waynesboro, Ga.
Company F-Clarke Rifles, First Lieut. T. G. Anderson command- ing, stationed at Athens, Ga.
Company G-Brunswick Rifles, Capt. C. A. Taylor, stationed at Brunswiek, Ga.
Company II-German Volunteers, Capt. George D. Semken, sta- tioned at Savannah, Ga.
Company I-Oglethorpe Light Infantry, Capt. Howard M. Peek, stationed at Savannah, Ga.
Company K-Savannah Cadets, Capt. J. E. Crosby, stationed at Savannah, Ga.
Company L-Irish Jasper Greens, Capt. John A. Daily, stationed at Savannah, Ga.
Company M-Republican Blues, Capt. J. O. Maggioni, stationed at Savannali, Ga.
The last quarterly return shows, including the medieal staff and hospital corps, the total strength of the regiment to be 50 offieers and 653 enlisted men.
MASONIC SOCIETIES
In this chapter it is proper to say something of Savannah's lodges of seeret soeieties.
First, we mention Solomon Lodge of Free Masons which was organ- ized shortly after the settlement of the English colonists here. The charter was granted in 1735. It is recorded that in the year 1733, at a meeting of the Grand Lodge in London "Deputy Grand Master Batson recommended the new colony of Georgia in North Ameriea to the benevolence of the partieular lodges." We cannot give the his- tory of this order in detail, but must mention that the first session of the Grand Lodge of the State of Georgia was held in Savannah on the 16th of December, 1786. It is a historical faet that at one time there were two grand lodges in the state which was considered unfortunate ; but in 1839 they were united, and the Masonie order has grown and flourished ever since.
The first masonic hall for the use of the Savannah lodges was built in 1799 for Solomon's Lodge on President street near Whitaker on what was then St. James square, but now Telfair Plaee. It was a frame build- ing, and entirely without ornamental work within or without. It stood for many years resisting storms of wind and rain, with nothing appar- ently done to it in the way of repairs, and when it was torn down in 1888 it was well-named by the Morning News as "an historie rookery." From the issue of the paper of Mareh 28, 1888, the following extraet is made :
"The two-story wooden building on a brick basement fronting on President street was erected by the members of Solomon's Lodge in 1799, and was used by the Masonie fraternity until 1858, when they removed to the building on the northeast corner of Bull and Broughton
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streets, having sold the old site to the eity in 1856. The city bought the property and that adjoining on the west, which was at one time the residence of General Lachlan MeIntosh of the Revolutionary army. intending to ereet thereon a guard-house or police station ; but the peo- ple of the neighborhood objected to its being used for that purpose. and it was sold to the late John J. Kelly for one thousand dollars. It was in that old lodge-room that Hon. William Stephens, Gen. James Jackson, Gov. Josiah Tattnall, and other illustrious Geor- gians and Masons met in the early days of the then young state. It was there also that the Cuban patriot, General Lopez, who was soon after paroled in Havana, was made a Mason in 1850. There are quite a number of members of the fraternity now living who were brought 'to light' in the old room which today will disappear forever.
The lodge room of the Masons on Broughton and Bull streets was abandoned in the 70's when the Masonic Temple on the northwest corner of Liberty and Whitaker streets was finished; but there is at this time in process of ereetion on the western corner of Bull and Charlton streets a costly Masonie Temple which will be finished before the close of the year 1913.
The lodges of Savannah are Solomon's, Zerubbabel, Clinton, Ancient Landmark, and Landrum.
There are also Knights Templars, Palestine Commandery No. 57: R. and S. M. of Georgia Council No. 2; Royal Arch Georgia Chapter No. 3.
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