History of Davis County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc., Part 1

Author: Iowa Historical Company, Des Moines, pub
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Des Moines, State Historical Company
Number of Pages: 774


USA > Iowa > Davis County > History of Davis County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc. > Part 1


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C


A. M.Trimble


WESTERN LITH CO DES MOINES LA


HISTORY


OF


DAVIS COUNTY,


IOWA,


CONTAINING


A HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, ITS CITIES, TOWNS, ETC.,


A BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY OF MANY OF ITS LEADING CITIZENS, WAR RECORD OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN THE LATE REBELLION, GENERAL AND LOCAL STATIS- TICS, PORTRAITS OF EARLY SETTLERS AND PROMINENT MEN, HISTORY OF IOWA AND THE NORTHWEST, MAP OF DAVIS COUNTY, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, REMINISCENCES, MISCELLANE- OUS MATTERS, ETC.


ILLUSTRATED.


DES MOINES: STATE HISTORICAL COMPANY. 1882.


16-9227


0,01


?


PRESS OF MILLS & COMPANY, DES MOINES.


228606 16


PREFACE.


-


THERE is no proper place in history for the element of fiction. In the correct delineation of a landscape the artist judiciously employs both lights and shades; so the historian must need contrast the true and the false, that the eternal beanty and symmetry of truth appear, but draw upon the imagi- nation, he may never. As in the landscape, the true ontline of objects is obscured in the shadows, requiring the full blaze of day to bring them into proper view, so history brings out the facts partially obscured in the haze of tradition-itself never history.


The history of the growth of any branch of knowledge has a double inter-


that which comes to it from the knowledge itself, and that which comes from its relations to the history of the operation of the human mind. Men think under the limitations of their times; they reason on such material as they have; they form their estimate of changes from the faets immediately known to them. What Matthew Arnold has written of man's thoughts, as he floats adown the " River of Time," is most true. Says he:


" As is the world on the banks, So is the mind of man. Only the track where he sails He wots of: only the thoughts Raised by the objects he passes, are his."


Impressions thus received, the mind will modify and work upon, trans- mitting the products to other minds in shapes that often seem new, strange and arbitrary, but which yet result from processes familiar to our experi- enee, and to be found at work in our own individual consciousness. And this is the necessity that renders history, as entirely distinct from tradition, imperative. Ilere the province of the historian begins. It is imperative on him that he record facts as they are, freed from the gloss given them by verbal transmissions.


DAVIS COUNTY ranks among the first in political influence, and is not be- hind in the intelligence of its people and its jealous regard for education; its material resources are practically unlimited, and the promise for its fu- ture ever brightening. Now, to elearly understand this happy present, its glories and its greatness, its opportunities and its wonders, it is our duty to look back to their sources. We shall find that the seeds which have so au- spiciously borne fruit in this present generation, were sown by men tried and true; men who deserve to be remembered, not merely as historie names,


4


PREFACE.


but as men in whose broad breasts beat the noblest hearts, and within whose rustic homes were to be found the very bone and sinew of this Western world; men whose sterling worth and integrity have contributed very largely to its present high position.


The whole history of this county is one of surpassing interest, and the more it is studied the clearer does it become that underlying its records are certain truths, which afford a clew to the causes that have contributed so powerfully to bring it to its present marked prominence. They will be found identical with those which have influenced the history of the nations during many centuries. To narrate these facts is the object of these pages; with what success this has been done, we do not presume to say. It has been our aim to learn and present the truth, withont favor or prejudice.


1} It has heretofore been possible for the seliolar, with leisure and a compre- hensive library, to trace ont the written history of his county by patient re- search among voluminous government documents and dusty records, some- times old and scarce; but these sources of information, and the time to study them, are not at the command of most of those who are intelligently inter- ested in local history; and there are many unpublished facts to be resened from the failing memories of the oldest residents, who would soon have car- ried their information with them to the grave; and others to be obtained from the citizens best informed in regard to the various present interests and institutions of the county, which should be treated of in giving its his- tory. This service of research and record, which very few could have un- dertaken for themselves, the publishers of this work have performed. While a few unimportant mistakes may, perhaps, be found in such a multitude of details, in spite of the care exercised in the production of the volume, they still confidently present this result of many weeks' labor, as a true and or- derly narration of all the events in the history of the county which were of sufficient interest and value to merit such a record.


Authenticity is always difficult in history. Much passes for history which is mere anecdote, and that domain is always doubtful. Other facts again, come to us through the prejudice and colors of personal narration. Great care has, therefore, been necessary to prevent publishing misconceptions as history. There has been admitted no statement of fact without ample au- thority, and mentioned not even the slightest incident without the support of ereditable testimony. Attention is called to one feature, considered of special value-the introduction of the original records for all transactions directly affecting the interests of the county. Concerning the first records and the facts they teach, little or nothing need be said. Of this period in the county's history there have been explored for evidence, every known ear-


5


PREFACE.


ly doenment, and, where not mutilated, they have been presented in full. If, among the pages devoted to early settlers and settlements, the sentences seem short and broken, and the method of treatment faulty, it should be borne in mind that the nature of the data renders any other method of pre- sentment impossible. Accuracy, rather than finish, has been the objeet held steadily in view.


In the preparation of this volume, the oldest residents and others have cheerfully volunteered their services in the undertaking, adding largely to the value of the results obtained. Special thanks are due to the following named persons, who have not only aided ns by placing at our disposition much val- vable matter, but have themselves devoted much time to searching records, and afforded every opportunity in their power to perfeet the chronological sequence and accuracy of the data used: Col. S. A. Moore, M. H. Jones, A. II. Hill, Col. H. H. Trimble. William S. Stevens, county auditor; Dr. Sell- man, Dr. D. C. Greenleaf, William Taylor, county clerk: S. M. Eppley, county treasurer; A. C. Lester, county recorder; Crawford Davis, proprietor of the Legal Tender Greenback; J. J. Hamilton, editor of the Republican; T. O. Walker, editor of the Democrat; J. R. Anderson, ex-county superin- tendent; F. W. Moore, deputy auditor; Samuel Russell; S. B. Downing, rep- resentative; James Jordon, the oldest resident of the county, and other old settlers in the various townships of the county. Throughout the county are many impossible to name here, who have freely given what of history they had. The elergy and other ehureh officers, and those of eivie associations, have been universally obliging in placing at our command the needed statis- ties of their several societies.


Under the sway of cause and effect, historic events cannot stand alone; they form an unbroken chain. This history of so limited a territory as a county in Iowa, has its roots not only in remote times, but in distant lands, and eannot be justly written out without consulting the influence of such a foreign ele- ment; nor can such a county history be understood in all its relations, without a historic review of at least the State of which the county is a part; hence, we feel that in giving such an outline we have been more faithful to the main purpose of the work, while we have added an element of independent interest and value. We little doubt that this book will be a welcome one to the in- habitants of the county, for all take a just pride in whatever calls to mind the seenes and incidents of other days. It is presented in the belief that the work done will meet with the heartiest approval of our readers; and if, through that commendation, it awakens an earnest spirit of enterprise and emulation among the younger citizens of the county, it will be a source of just pleasure and congratulation to


THE PUBLISHERS.


CONTENTS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 19


Indian purchases, reserves and treat-


Geographical position.


19


ies. . 159


Early explorations.


20


Spanish Grants. . 163


Discovery of the Ohio.


32


The Half-breed Tract. 164


English explorations and settlement American settlements.


59


Territorial history. 173


177


69


State organization.


181


Growth and progress.


185


73


The Agricultural College and Farm.


186


79


The State University 187


193


88


The Penitentiary.


194


First French occupation.


91


Additional Penitentiary


195


Genius of La Salle


92


Iowa Hospital for the Insane


195


Early settlements


94


lowa College for the Blind.


197


The "Compact of 1787"


95


Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. . Soldiers' Orphans' Homes


199 199


Physical features of prairie States. . Progress of development.


101


State Normal School


201


MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE Coal is king


103


The Reform School ..


202


The religion and morals.


106


Fish Hatching establishment.


203


Education. . .


107


The public lands


204 218 223


Geographical situation.


109


Political record.


Topography.


109


Drainage system


110


Rivers. .


111


Cavalry


247


Springs


Miscellaneous


248


Origin of the prairies. 120


Casualties among officers of Iowa regi- ments during the war.


250


The Azoic system .


121


Casualties among enlisted men of Iowa regiments during the war ..


252


Upper Silurian system.


Number of troops furnished by the State of Iowa, etc.


254


Carboniferous system. 124


Population of lowa.


255


Subcarboniferons system


124


Illinois.


257


The Coal-measure group.


127


Indiana


259 260 263


Minor deposits of Sulphate of Lime Sulphate of Strontia.


136


Nebraska ..


267


Sulphate of Baryta.


137


Sulphate of Magnesia. 137 137


Climatology


HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA


139 139


The original owners


147


Practical rules for every day use.


284


Pike's Expedition.


151


U. S. government land measure.


287


Indian Wars ..


152


Surveyor's measure. 288


The Black Hawk War.


157


How to keep accounts 288


269


Vote for governor 1879, and president, 1876. .


283


Vote for congressmen, 1876.


283


Discovery and occupation


131


Wisconsin.


264


135


Minnesota.


266


Cretaceous system


129


Iowa. .


Peat


130


Michigan


Gypsum.


109


The public schools


War record.


229 233 244


Lakes. 118 119


Geology . 120


Lower Silurian system


122 123 123


Devonian system.


102


Asylum for Feeble-minded Children


201


Division of the Northwest Territory Tecumseh, and the War of 1812. ... Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War ......


34


Early settlements. 166


65


The boundary question


Present condition of the Northwest THE EARLY HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. .. Early discoveries. .


88


State Historical Society.


99


THE STATE OF IOWA.


Infantry


Artillery


Constitution of the United States and its Amendments. ..


8


CONTENTS.


PAGE.


PAGE ..


Names of the States of the Union,


Landlord and tenant. 304


and their significations. . ..


290


Weights and measures. 305


Population of the United States. ...


291


Definitions of commercial terms. 305


Population of fifty principal cities. .


291


Notes.


306


Population of principal countries of the world ..


292


Receipts


306


ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.


293


Bills of purchase.


306


Bills of exchange and notes.


293


Confession of judgment.


306


Interest.


293


Articles of agreement. 307


Descent. .


293


Bills of sale.


308


Wills and estates.


294


Notice to quit.


309


Taxes.


295


Form of will.


309


Jurisdiction of courts.


297


Codicil.


310


Limitations of actions


297


Satisfaction of mortgage.


310


Jurors. .


297


Forms of mortgage.


Capital punishment.


298


Form of lease.


Married women . .


298


Form of note.


Exemptions from execution


298


Estrays.


299


Warranty deed.


314


Wolf-scalps.


300


Quitclaim deed.


315


Marks and brands.


300


Bond for deed


315


Damages from trespass


300


Charitable, scientific and religious associations.


316


Mechanics' lien 301


Intoxicating liquors


317


Roads and bridges


302


Suggestions to those purchasing books by subscription. . .


319


Surveyors and surveys 303


Support of poor


303


Statistics of agriculture of Iowa (census of 1875). 320


HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Introduction.


323


Mammals.


380-


Name and location


325


The red man.


381


Name. .


325


The pioneers-their settlements and careers.


385


Physical features.


328


The Pioneer. The Hairy Nation.


393


Timber.


331


First United States land entries. 395


399


Soil.


332


History of county and township or- ganization.


399


Table of temperature from 1839 to 1869. .


339


Act to amend the militia law


401


Fixing terms of court.


402 403


Observations of Miss Hamilton Geology.


345


Constitutional convention.


405


Alluvium


346


Early courts and judges


406


Drift.


First murder case.


408


Coal-measures.


348


First divorce case.


408


Economical resources


350


First grand jury.


408


Natural history.


351


Petit jurors


409


Avidie-birds.


352


Circuit court.


409


Notes. .


361


County court.


412


General flora ..


367


First marriage license.


Medicinal plants.


373


Quill pens.


Reptilia .. Ophidia.


375


Whiskey.


414


Batrachia


376


Town lot agency .


415


Mollusca. ..


378


Official salaries. .


416


Fresh-water mollnsks.


378


The first judgment. 418


Land mollusks


379


First town lot deed. 419


388


Streams


328


Coal and stone


331


County organization.


Climate.


337


Organizing act.


400


Number days rain and snow, period of thirty years.


340


Territorial roads.


341


Mail ronte. .


405


Plantæ. 367


Early recorded events.


412 412 413


374


Public well.


413


Location.


327


Chattel mortgage.


311 312 313 314


Fences. . 300


Adoption of children.


303


347


Orders.


306


CONTENTS.


9


PAGE.


PAGE.


Fourth Battery.


537


Additional enlistments :


Second Iowa Cavalry 537


Third lowa. Cavalry. 537, 543


Fifteenth lowa Infantry. 544


Seventeenth Iowa Infantry 538


"The old log court-house


431


New court-house to be erected . .


433


Description of new court-house.


434


Forty-fifth Iowa Infantry. 538


The jail .. 435


Poor-house and farm. 436


439


Tenth Missouri Infantry. 546


Political record.


444


Twenty-first Missouri Infantry. 547


Seventh Missouri Cavalry. 547


Second Cavalry, M. S. M. 548


Veteran re-enlistments :


Third Cavalry. 539


Second Infantry 542


Thirteenth Infantry.


542


Fourteenth Infantry.


542


Fifteenth Infantry.


542


Burlington & Southwestern


486


Chicago & Southwestern


486


Des Moines Valley.


487


Length and valuation, January 1, 1881 . ..


487


The press of Davis county. 487


Named.


567


Order of the board of supervisors.


568


List of papers living and dead.


494


Davis County Republican.


494


Legal Tender Greenback.


495


Election of officers


570


Bloomfield Democrat


495


Business houses in 1858.


571


Educational progress.


496


Officers from 1866 to 1281.


572


Table showing condition of schools in 1862.


502


Churches


574


Table showing condition of schools in 1879 ..


503


Infirmary 579


581


Southern lowa Normal School .. Banks


582


Public library .


582


The temperance cause. 508


Criminal history. 510


512


War record .


514


Plow factory. 583


Lawyer's jokes. 583 585


History . 585


585


First hirth.


586


Fourteenth Infantry


520


Fifteenth Infantry


521


Seventeenth Infantry


521


Geography 586


Name .. 586


Early settlers 586


L. N. English 586


First death. .. 586


587


Christian Church 587


Lodges. 587


Drakeville. 589


Seventh Cavalry


534


Fabius township


589


Eighth Cavalry 535


Ninth Cavalry


536


Pioneers


589


First chattel mortgage.


419


First real estate mortgage 420


Cemetery . .. 420


County commissioners 421


Township organizations


427


County institutions.


431


Thirtieth lowa Infantry. 538


Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry 545


Forty-seventh Iowa Infantry 539


Southern Border Brigade. 545


Deed of the poor farm


Official canvass, election of ISS1 ... 467 Financial review . . 468


Taxation-general remarks


468


Tax levies from 1845 to 1880 473


Abstract of assessment for 1881.


478


Swamp and saline lands.


478


The railroads in the county


483


North Missouri. . 485


Seventeenth Infantry. 543


History of Davis county soldiers. 549


Southern border troubles .. 554


Townships, towns and their growth. . 567


Bloomfield City 567


General newspaper history .


487


Table showing condition of schools in 1880.


503


Statistical table for 1881


504


Religious advancement 505


Hotels. . 582 583


Foundry.


Wagon factory


583


P.roclamations 515


Second Infantry 516


Fourth Infantry 519


Sixth Infantry 519


Thirteenth Infantry 520


First physician .. 586


586


Nineteenth Infantry 521


522


Twenty-fifth Infantry. 522


Thirtieth Infantry. 522


Thirty-sixth Infantry. 525


Other "first things


Thirty-seventh Infantry


525


First Cavalry 525


Third Cavalry . 526


Lodges. 576


582


Deed conveying title .. 569


Adoption of charter. 570


Additions. 573


Schools.


Execution of William Hinkle


Bloomfield township


Early officers


Drakeville township


Twenty-fourth Infantry


Description 589


2


10


CONTENTS.


PAGE.


PAGE


Monterey . .


589


Roscoe township.


597


Early events. .


589


Population and location.


597


Fox River township 590


Ajax.


598


Composition . .


590


Miscellaneous events.


598


Historical beginnings


590


Soap Creek township.


598


Grove township.


590


Name.


598


Place and name.


590


Early settlers, etc.


598


Stiles.


591


Stilesville Christian Church


591


Lodges. .


591


Christian Church. Mr. Jordan and the centennial . .


60(


Name. .


592


Union township


600


Floris post-office.


592


Early settlers, mills, etc.


601


Miscellaneons matters .


592


Churches


605


Chequest Union Baptist Church.


593


Lodges


602


Marion township.


593


Stringtown


605


For whom named.


593


Troy.


602


Railroads.


593


Troy Academy


60€


Belknap


593


West Grove township


60:


First marriage, etc.


593


Name, etc.


60


Wesley Chapel.


594


West Grove.


604


Perry township. .


594


Cumberland Presbyterian Church Christian Church . ..


604


Early settlers.


594


Wyacondah township


604


Other matters.


594


604


Prairie township.


595


The Hairy Nation.


60F


Physical geography


595


Savannah


60€


First happenings.


595


Martinsville.


606


Pulaski.


596


Springville.


.


60G


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Explanatory .


607


Perry township.


688


Bloomfield City.


608


Prairie township


692


Bloomfield township.


642


Roscoe township. 701


Drakeville township


656


Salt Creek township.


70€


Fabius township ..


659


Soap Creek township.


710


Fox River township.


665


Union township ...


715


Grove township.


668


Wyacondah township.


727


Lick Creek township


675


West Grove township.


738


Marion township.


. . 680


PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


H. H. Trimble.


Front.


R. W. Anderson


423


C. F. Davis.


227


Samuel Russell .


opposite


457


W. A. Duckworth.


261


J. C. Dooley.


489


J. W. Beauchamp


279


P. H. Bence.


66


521


James H. Jordan . .


321


J. W. Young, M. D.


553


E. J. Shelton, M. D.


355


D. N. Dooley, M. D


585


W. H. Shelton, M. D


389


600


Lick Creek township


582


Salt Creek township. Name, etc.


599


599


604


Hero of Lake Erie.


594


Description .


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.


When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the " New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern Territory."


In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887.850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States.


Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent Now for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe.


For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States.


A


(19)


20


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


EARLY EXPLORATIONS.


In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries.


In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots ( Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesnit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result ; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allonez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Miehillimackinac.


During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied -as all others did then-that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a


21


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking.


On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrifie descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. Hle assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet




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