USA > Iowa > Davis County > History of Davis County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, etc. > Part 41
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No. 217 .-- " Mudie speaks as follows of the European bittern's voice: 'Anon a burst of savage laughter breaks upon you, gratingly loud, and so
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
unwonted and odd that it sounds as if the voices of a bull and a horse were combined; the former breaking down his bellow to suit the neigh of the latter, in mocking you from the sky;' when the bittern booms and bleats overhead, one certainly feels as if the earth were shaking." Chancer speaks as follows in The Wife of Bath's Tale:
'And as a bitore bumbleth in the mire, She laid hire mouth into the water doun, Bewray me not, thou water, with they sonn', Quod she, to the I tell it, and no mo', Min husband bath long asses eres two.'
Another notion was that the bill was put inside a reed to increase the sound; the truth is, of course, that the bird uses no means to produce its bellow but its own organs of voice. Our own bittern has no rude roar, but, as its name in most parts of the country denotes, makes a noise very mneh like driving a stake with an axe. It has also a hollow croak at the moment of alarm."-Endicott.
PLANT.E .*
WOODY PLANTS AND VINES.
Negudo aceroides, box elder. Common; handsome.
Quercus rubra, red oak. Common; excellent fuel.
Quercus nigra, black oak. Abundant; valuable; medicinal; bark astrin- gent.
Quercus castanea, chestnut oak. Fairly common. Quercus macrocrapa, burr oak. Very common. Quercus Phellos (?) willow oak. Valuable for fuel. Quercus tinctoria, yellow bark oak. Very rare; bark astringent. Ulmus americana, white elm. Common in bottoms.
Ulmus fulva, slippery elm. Common; bark medicinal; demuleent. Ulmus alata, winged elm. Very doubtful, more eastern. Acer rubrum, red maple. Rare; valuable in cabinet work.
* It is manifestly impossible to present the reader with anything like a complete list of the county's plants, since their nomenclature alone would require a volume of greater proportions than this. Three classes only have been given, the aboreous and shrubby-with a few climb- ing plants-and the medicinal, the latter including only the most common and best known varieties. It is a peculiarity of all science that many forms-small in themselves-rejoice n a nomenclature the length of which is altogether disproportionate to their size. Yet such s the looseness with which popular names are used that identification is simply an impossi- bility, unless recourse is had to the proper botanical nomenclature-which is a sufficient ipology for the introduction of these technical names .- Miller.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Acer dasyearpum, hard maple. Cultivated; valuable for sugar and fuel. Salix tristis. (?) glaucous willow. Common.
Salix Incida, shining willow. Very common.
Salix petiolaris, petioled willow. Very common.
Salix nigra, black willow. Very rare.
Salir longifolia, long-leaved willow. Very common. Salix humilis, prairie willow. Not uncommon.
Populus tremuloides, aspen. Cultivated.
Populus angulata, water poplar. Not common; a large tree.
Populus monilifera, cottonwood. Abundant; tall and large.
Platanus occidentalis, sycamore. Common along streams; the largest, though not the tallest tree in the American forest; conspicuous by its whiteness.
Tilia americana, basswood, linn. Common; large. Juglans nigra, black walnut. Valuable in the arts.
Juglans cinerea, (?) butternut. Common; medical; cathartic.
Curya alba, shell-bark hickory. Common; valuable. Carya glabra, pignut hickory. Abundant; fruit bitter. Carya umara, bitterunt. Valuable for fnel: common.
Betula nigra, red birch. Stately tree; mild tonic; common.
Fracinus americana, white ash. Common, valuable.
Fraxinus viridis, green ash. Rarc.
Fraxinus sambucifolia, black ash. Abundant; valuable for rails.
Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree. Valuable substitute for pine; very large; bark medicinal; diaphoretic.
Gymnocladus canadensis, coffec tree. Rare; fruit peculiar. Gleditschia triacanthus, honey locust. Not rare; wood heavy.
Carpinus americana, hornbeam. Doubtfully referred to the county.
Alnus incana, black alder. Common.
Alnus serrulata, smooth alder. Doubtful; rare, if at all.
Cornus florida, coruel. Abundant; very pretty; bark medical; a decided roborant.
Cornus paniculata, panicled dogwood. Common; flowers white. Rhus toxicodendron, poison ivy. "Bangerons; easily recognized.
Rhus glabra, sumac. Common; poisonous.
Rhus radicans, three-leaved ivy. Rare; poisonous.
Robinia pseudacacia, loenst. Fragrant; valuable; common.
Sambucus canadensis, elderberry. Fairly common ; edible; medicinal ; see below.
Corylus americana, hazel-nut. Very abundant; edible.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Spirca tomentosa, hackberry. Common. Spircu salicifolia, meadow sweet. Very common. Morus rubra, mulberry. Common; edible. Ostrya virginica, ironwood. Common along bottoms; heavy. Rhamnus catharticus, perhaps lancolatus, buckthorn. Common; medici - nal.
Cratoyus tomentosa, blackthorn. Common; very tongh. Cratægus coccinea, white thorn. Abundant. Cratogus virdis, red haw. Everywhere; misnomer. Amelanchier canadensis, service berry. Common; edible; several varie- ties.
Prunus americana, wild plum. Abundant; edible.
Cerasus pennsylcanica, wild red cherry. Common; edible. Cerasus virginica, choke cherry. Abundant; insipid. Cerasus serotina, black cherry. Common; edible, but bitter. Aesculus glabra, buckeye. Occasional; fetid. Asimina triloba, pawpaw. Common; edible. Rosa lucida, wild rose. Everywhere; pretty. Rosa setigua, early wild rose. Prairies; beautiful. Pyrus ioensis, wild crab apple. Abundant; fruit useless unless preserved.
Ribes rotundifolium, smooth gooseberry. Common; edible. Ribes cynosbati, prickly gooseberry. Abundant; edible. Ribes floridum, wild black currant. Common; fruit insipid. Lonicera flava, wild honeysuckle. Hillsides; common. Lonicera grata (.), American woodbine. Elegant, often cultivated. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Virginia ereeper. Common; harmless. Xanthoxylum americanum, prickly ash. Common; medicinal. Vitis cardifolia, frost grape. Comnon; edible. Vitis aestivalis, river bank grape, abundant; edible. Ceanothus americanus, Jersey tea. Abundant on prairies. Ceanothus oralis, red root. Pernicions; abundant. Staphylea trifolia, bladdernut. Rare. Amorpha canescens, lead plant. Abundant. Viburnum lentago, black haw. Common. Shepherdia argentea (?), buffalo berry. Fruit edible, scarlet, acid. Cercis canadensis, red bud. Common; used for dyeing. Amorpha fructicosa, false indigo. Cephalanthus occidentalis, button bush. Euonymus atropurpureus, wahoo. Fairly common. Juniperus virginiana, cedar.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Celtis crussifolia, hackberry (?). Common.
Celastrus scandens, bittersweet.
Symphoricarpus vulgaris. Common nearly everywhere; perhaps two species.
Rubus occidentalis. Common.
Rubus rillosus. Rare, perhaps accidental; root-bark astringent.
Menispermum canadensis, moon-seed. In woods.
Smilax rotundifolia ? green briar. Common.
The preceding list comprises all the trees, shrubs, and woody climbing plants known in the county. The major part of them may be found along the bottom lands of the principal streams, or along the bluff's of the Missouri River. It will be seen that the county is well wooded with varieties valnable both as fuel and in the arts. The varieties are many, but, as is usual in wooded districts, a few kinds predominate. No attempt has been made to discuss the relations of the flora to that of the remainder of the State, nor to point out the few species of plants peculiar to it. The design has been to present a list-with brief notes-of the more valuable and large plants, and it is believed the county's resources, in this particular, are quite fully represented by the foregoing catalogue.
There is, however, one feature that cannot be passed without comment. The flora of the county is distinctively divided in that it comprises species both of woodland and prairie habitat, i. e., its forms are found in either the one or the other location. Associated with the trees and shrubs are innumerable herbs, such as are commonly found in low or in wooded districts, and are, in the main, distinct in habitat from the plants of the higher and more exposed country. The prairie, on the other hand, is peculiarly rich in that order of flowering plants known as the Compositae. Riding across the country one may see thousands of beautiful blossoms raising their brilliant selves above the grasses that would obscure their beauty. The golden solidagos, the purple asters or the brilliant puccoons, vie with each other in claiming the attention of the passer-by. In the inore moist places is to be seen the pretty pennyroyal, and by its side blossoms the invaluable boneset. Who would recognize in these brilliant white flowers the nauseous mixtures our "grandames and aunts " were wont to prepare for us? To see the prairie in all its beanty it is needful that not one trip, but many, should be made-and let the occasion suit the season. In the earlier summer the omnipresent " nigger-head " -- (Echinacea pur- purea)-lifts its form as defiantly and jauntily, withal, as the "ox-eye". daisy for which the meadows of New England are so famons. Then, in the
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
valleys bloom the "iron-weeds" ( Vernonia fasciculata), while on the prairies the "rosin-weed " (Silphium lacinatum), lifts its cheerful golden face to nod knowingly at you as you pass by. Here, there, everywhere, some beautiful blossom smiles at you, and awakens feelings in your heart that only a prairie flory can. What wonder our fathers stopped here amid so much splendor-a splendor withal that marked the great fertility of the virgin soil. From early spring, when first appear the "Johny jump-ups," (Viola cucullata), and " bird's-foot violet." (Viola delphinifolia), to late antnmn, when the last aster and golden-rod sncecumb to Nature's inexorable laws, the prairie forms the botanist's paradise. Inviting, did you say? Aye, more than that, instructive in the highest sense, for here some orders reach a development unknown elsewhere on the globe. Here one finds the princes of the flower realm of Nature. Cunningly, wisely, and full of a hiddn,e seeret meaning, a thousand forms look up into the faces of the pedestrians who, with repressed enriosity, and not quite willingly, tread them nnder foot. They are leaves of the great folio, marginal notes on the pages of the book of Nature, often and to many, and for a long period to every one, hieroglyphs whose deciphering would repay all the requisite toil.
But very many of these plants have an infinitely greater value than that conferred by their beanty. Does some astute utilitarian mutter to himself, "Now you are getting sensible?" Wonder if he thinks of this when making grimaces at some unsavory decoction his physician has prescribed ? Wonder if he would not rather look at than take them? Entering largely into the catagory of medicinal plants as do many of the forms found in this county it is deemed a matter of interest to the general reader to know their habitat, their abundance and their uses. The following list is very far from exhaustive, dealing as it does with only some of the most common or most easily recognized plants that possess a medicinal value. Where practicable, that portion of the plant which is used is indicated, together with the nature of its action physiologically.
CATALOGUE OF COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS.
Parmelin parietina, common yellow wall lichen. Tonie.
Adiantum pedatum, maiden hair fern. Common, astringent.
Veratum viride, white hellebore. Common in swamps; poisonous; an energetie irritant; not safe.
Mentha canadensis, spearmint. Common stimulant and tonic.
Hedeoma pulegvoiles, pennyroyal. Common; stimulant and carminative.
Verbascum thapsus, common mullein. Emnlcent, slightly narcotie; the leaves are used.
4
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Taraxacum dens-leonis, dandelion. Common; tonic and stomachic.
Eupatorium perfoliatum, boneset. Very abundant; emulcent, an emetic. Sanguinaria canadensis, blood root. Abundant; diaphoretie.
Cassia marilandica, senna. Common; cathartic
Oralis stricta. Abundant; an excellent refrigerant.
Linum usitatissimum, flax. Now naturalized; an emollient and demul- cent.
Cimicifuga recemosa, black snake root. Only the root used; it is an astringent; quite local and only in woodlands along the Missouri bluff.
Tanacetum huronense. Doubtful here; tonie, leaves only.
Polygonum incarnatum, knot-weed. Abundant; roots cathartic.
Dyatura stramonium, Jamestown- weed. Abundant; leaves and seeds nar- cotic.
Sambucus canadensis. Common; the flowers are mildly stimulant and sndorific; the berries diinectic, and the inner bark is cathartic and emetic.
Solidago missouriensis. Common; the flowers reputed valuable in wounds.
Gillenia stipulacea, American ipecac. Leaves emetic.
Mertensia virginica, lung-wort. The root said to be a valuable cxpec- torant.
Acorus calmus, sweet flag. Rare, the root; tonic.
Scilla fraseri, squill. Rare, the bulb; diuretic.
Arabia quinquefolia, ginseng. Rare, the root; tonic.
Marrubium vulgare, hoarhound. A weak tonic.
Geranium maculata, cranesbill. Root astringent.
Sabbatiu angularis, American centaury. Febrifuge and tonic. Achillaea millefolium, milfoil. Introduced; tonic.
Cannabis americana, American hemp. Hynotic.
1
REPTILIA .*
TOADS, FROGS, SNAKES AND TURTLES.
In the number and variety of reptiles the county is equal to any in the State. The dry prairies form congenial homes for the skinks (E. septent- rionalis); its streams are the homes of several species of turtles and ba- trachians, and its woods and fields shelter a large number of serpents. Of all the latter that are here listed, only two species, the rattlesnake (C. ter-
*The classification adopted is that of Jordan's Manual of Vertebrates, 2d edition. A close and more extended survey may add a few more species to the list.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
gemina and C'. horridus), are poisonous. While local and popular tradi- tion arms most of the remaining, and especially the "blowing viper," (Heterodon simus), with deadly powers, the fact is that withont a single exception they are perfectly harmless. In the economy of farming they are beneficial, ridding the fields and gardens of many destructive forms. Of all the varieties mentioned in the following lists the toads and turtles are beyond a doubt the most beneficial to the farmer. The first rid him of many destructive insects; the latter clear his streams from dead and deleter- ious matters.
OPHIDIA-SERPENTS.
Reptiles, not shielded with an epidermal covering of imbricated seales which is shed as a whole and replaced at regular intervals; mouth verv di latable; the bones of the lower jaw separate from each other, only united by ligaments; limbs wanting or represented by small spurs on the sides of the vent-a transverse slit. Various anatomical characters distinguish the snakes, but the elongated form and absence of limbs separate them at once from all onr other vertebrates, excepting the lizard Opheosaurus, and this is not in any other respect, snake-like .-. Jordan.
COLUBRIDÆE-COLUBRINE SNAKES.
1. Heterdon platyrhinus, blowing viper. Perfectly harmless.
2. Heterdon simus, hog-nosed snake. Innocent.
3. Tropidonotus erythrogaster, red-bellied water snake.
4. rhombifer, Holbrook's water snake.
5. grahami, Grahanı's snake.
6. Tropidoclontum kirtlandi, Kirtland's sanke. Pretty.
7. (?) Storeria occipitomaculata, red-bellied snake. Doubtful.
Eutonia sourita, riband snake. Handsome, small snake; rare.
8. 9. faireyi, Fairie's garter snake.
10. proxima, Say's garter snake.
radix, Hoy's garter snake. Determination doubtful.
11. 12.
.€ sirtalis, striped snake. Several varieties.
Pityophis sayi, western pine snake. Seventy inches long.
13.
Coluber obsletur, racer. One of the largest snakes.
14. 15. vulpinus, fox snake.
16. emoryi, Emory's racer.
Clyclophis æstivus, summer green snake. Splendid.
17. 18. Diadophis punctatus, ring-necked snake, also var. amabitis.
19. (?) " arnyi, Arny's ring-necked snake.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
20. Ophibolus sayi, king snakc.
21.
doliutus, corn snake.
22 " triangulatus, spotted adder. Harmless.
23. calligaster, Kennicott's chain snake.
24. (!) Virginia elegans, Kennicott's brown snake. Doubtful.
25. Carphophiops amanus, ground snake.
26. ٤٠ vermis, worm snake. Rare and local.
CROTALIDZE- CROTALID SNAKES.
(These snakes are all renowned for the deadliness of their venom.) 27. Crotalus horridus, rattlesnake. Deadly; doubtful determination. 28. Cuudisoma tergemina, prairie rattlesnake. Abundant.
There is much doubt that Cortalus horridus, is found here. The prairie snake varies so wonderfully that it is not at all sure but that some local form of that species is confounded with the wood-rattlesnake, which is more east- ern in its distribution.
BATRACHIA.
Cold blooded vertebrates, allied to the fishes, but differing in several re- spects, notably in the absence of rayed fins, the limbs being usually devel- oped and functional, with the skeletal elements of the limbs of reptiles; toes usually without claws.
The batrachians undergo a more or less complete metamorphosis, the young ("tadpoles") being aquatic and fish-like, breathing by means of ex- ternal gills or brachiæ; later in life lungs are developed, and with one ex- ception, the gills disappear; skin naked and moist (rarely having embeded scales), and used to some extent as an organ of respiration; heart with two auricles and a single ventricle; reproduction by means of eggs, which are of comparatively small size, without hard shell, developed in water or in moist situations .- Jordan.
RANIDE-FROGS.
Rana halcina, leopard frog. Common.
clamitans, green frog.
catesbiana, bull frog. "Well noted for its rich bass notes."
temporaria, wood frog. Variety.
HYLIDÆE-TREE FROGS.
Hyla versicola, cominon tree toad.
(?) Ilyla Pickeringii, Pickering's tree toad.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Acris gryllus, ericket frog. (?) Charophilus, sp.
BUFONID.E-TOADS.
Bufo lentiginosus, American toad. Variable.
PLETHODONTID.E-SALAMANDERS.
Hemidactylium scutatum, four toed salamander. Spelerpes belineatus, two-striped salamander. Spelerpes longicaudus, cave salamander. Spelerpes ruber, red triton.
AMBLYSTOMID.E-AMBYSTOMAS.
Amblystoma opaeum, opaque salamander. Handsome. Amblystoma tigrinum, tiger salamander. Common. Amblystoma microstoneum, small monthed salamander. Amblystoma punctatum, large spotted salamander. Menopoma alleghaniense, hell bender. Common.
LACERTILIA-LIZARDS.
Opheosaurus ventralis, glass snake. Tail breaks into pieces when caught. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, six lined lizard.
SCINCID.E-SKINKS.
Eumeces fasciatus, blue-tailed lizard. Common.
Eumeces septentrionalis, nothern skink. Common.
TESTUDINATA-TURTLES.
Cistuda clausu, common box-turtle. Malucoclemmys geographicus, map turtle.
Malacoclemmys pseudogeographicus, Lesneur's map turtle. Chrysemys picta, painted turtle. (Not seen. Possibly, in local tradi- tion, confounded with the elegant terrapin.
Pseudemys troostii, yellow-bellied terrapin. Pseudemys elegans, elegant terrapin. Chelydra serpentina, snapping turtle. Cinosturnum pennsylvanicum, small mud turtle. Trionyx ferox, soft-shell turtle.
Few persons realize the numbers and beauty of many of these forms of life which are usually considered either dangerous or disgusting. They are often of surprising beauty and always instructive. Belonging, as they do,
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
to the highest branch of animal life-the vertebrata-though to some of it lower orders, they come to us revealing through their structure and structural affinites that long line of ancestry through which the highest orders have been evolved. They take us back, in thought, to those remote periods of the world's history, when birds, reptiles and fishes were difficult of separa- tion; when each comprised in their structure some of the salient features of the other. While, perhaps, the structural resemblance of the modern forms is recondite or hidden to the casual observer, by the aid of forms long since entombed in the rocks the competent student not only detects, but places on them their proper value. It is said that "there are sermons in stones," but with, perhaps, greater accuracy it may be said there is his- tory in bones.
MOLLUSCA.
In the streams of the county, and in its wooded districts as well, are found some of those forms of animal life that are rarely if ever seen by a people dwelling in prairie regions. These creatures are the mollusks, numerous in individuals, but comparatively rare in species. In all the per- rennial streams they find a cogenial home. The species, of both land and fresh-water shells found in the county, are as follows:
FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS.
Unio* alatus-The winged unio.
6 rubiginosus, Lea-the ruddy unio.
coccineus, Hill-the Saffron unio.
parcus, Barnes-the little unio.
luteolus, Lam-the straw-colored unio.
undulatus, Barnes-the wavy unio.
pressus, Lea-the flat unio. ligamentinus, Barnes-the ligament unio. gibbosus, Barnes-the gibbous unio.
ventricosus, Barnes-the inflated unio.
rectus, Lamarck-the straight unio.
60 mississippiensis, Lea-the Mississippi unio. Margaritana" complunata, Banes-the complanate clam. rugosa, Barnes-the rugose margaritana.
Anodontu danielsii, Lea -- Daniel's anodon.
grandis, Say-the splendid anodon.
ferussaciana, Lea-Ferrusac's anodon.
*Unio and Margaritana both mean pearl bearing.
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
Anadonta imbecillis, Say-the slight anodon.
Sphaerium striatinum, Lam-the straited globe-shell.
יי occidentale, Prime-the western globe-shell.
66 rhomboideum, Prime-(very rare) the rhomboid globe-shell. Pisidium abditum, Prime-the hidden pea-shell. Limneaea reflexu, Say-the reflected river-snail.
humilis, Say-the humble river-snail. decidiosa, Say. Abundant.
Physa heterostropha, Say-the sinistral physa.
gyrina, Say, (var. last?)-the tadpole physa.
Ancylus rivularis, Hald-the river limpet.
Planorbis trivolvis, Say-the three-whorled plane-shell.
campanulatus, Say -- the llittle-bell-like-plane-shell.
parrus, Say -- the little-plane-shell.
" lentus, Say -- the smooth plane-shell.
Melantho subsolidus, Anth-the somewhat-solid black snail.
LAND MOLLUSKS.
These forms are very few, and none of them abundant. It is barely pos- sible that the great prairie fires of past years were the main agency in re- dueing their numbers. These animals are to be songht in the woods, in shady, moist ravines and may be taken in greatest abundance during the warm rains of spring. They are easily prepared, and when properly cleansed, make most beautiful-though fragile-ornaments. Many of the smallest kinds must be sought under ehips and deeayed vegetation, and even then will be commonly overlooked.
Helix albolabris, Say-white-lipped snail-shell.
profunda, Say-the deeply umblieated snail-shell.
altrenata, Say-the striped land-snail.
hirsuta, Say-the hirsute snail-shell.
arboreus, Say-the tree snail.
pulchella, Mull-the beautiful whorled shell (minute).
monodon, Raekett-the one-toothed snail.
leaii, Ward-lea's land-snail.
clausa, Lea-the elosed (umbiliens) land-snail.
Pupa pentadon, Say -- the five-toothed pupa-shell (very-small).
Many of these shells possess great beauty, but all laek the brillant col- oration of species that are found in tropieal countries, or even in some por- tions of North America. There are numerous highly colored varieties on the
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HISTORY OF DAVIS COUNTY.
West Coast, and some few found in the Southern States. Only two of the above list attain any considerable size, the Helix albolabris, and Helix pro- funda, which sometimes grow to one and one-half inehes in diameter. Fur- ther investigation of all the shells of this county will abundantly reward any interested person.
MAMMALS.
Time was when the prairies and woods of Davis county gave sustenance and shelter to many interesting animals among the higher orders. The buf- falo (Bison Americanus) onee roamed here in countless numbers, and even now, in the marshes and morasses along the river bottoms their remains are frequently exposed. The American panther (Felis concolor) once found a congenial home in its woods, but the coming of the white man, who wages a mereiless war on wild life of every sort-has driven them to other and re- mote homes. The wolf (Canis lupus and C. latrans) is still occasionally seen skulking along the lowlands, the self despised remnants of a onee nu-
merous raee. The fox ( Vulpes vulgaris and Vulpes velox) under its various names of "red fox," "silver fox" and "black fox," occasionally enjoys a "square meal" at the farmer's expense, and to the detriment of his hennery, but hunted in revenge for their depredations, and in desire for their pelts, they are rapidly becoming extinet. One animal still flourishes, the enter- prising nature of which is not unfrequently wafted to us on the "stilly breezes of night," to our disgust, and yet a most valuable companion to the farmer, the skunk (Mephitis mephitica). The French, perhaps, had suffi- cient reason to name him " le enfant diable." but he is a great entomologist, if he does occasionally disgrace himself, and conducting his entomologieal ex- cursions by night, he rids the farmer of many a pest otherwise sadly destruc- tive. Notwithstanding that his sealp commands a bounty, the industrions gopher (Geomys bursarius) piles his mounds here and there, all unconsious of the legal eare of which he is the recipient. In addition to the animals above mentioned, there are in the county the following:
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