The history of Henry county, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., Part 1

Author: Western Historical Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Chicago : Western historical company
Number of Pages: 672


USA > Iowa > Henry County > The history of Henry county, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c. > Part 1


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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY


BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE


ESTE DUF


Interlibrary Loan


Cornell University Library F 627H5 H67 History of Henry county, lowa, containin


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Cornell University Library


The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library.


There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.


http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028914046


THE


HISTORY


OF


HENRY COUNTY,


IOWA,


CONTAINING


A History of the County, its Cities, Bouta, "I++


A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol- unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Henry County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, &c.


ILLUSTRATED.


CHICAGO : WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 1879. LO UNIVERSITY LIBRARY


CONTENTS.


HISTORY NORTHWEST AND STATE OF IOWA.


PAOR.


History Northwest Territory .......


19


Geographical Position .. 19 Early Explorations .... 20


Discovery of the Ohio. 33


English Explorationa and Set- tlementa .. 35 American Settlements. 60


Division of the Northwest Ter- ritory ... 66


Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70


Black Hawk and the Black


Hawk War ...


74


Other Indian Troubles.


79


Black Hawk War.


.157


Political Record.


.223


War Record


229


Infantry.


233


Chicago ..


95


Spaniah Grants


163


Illinois.


257


Half-Breed Tract.


164


Cavalry.


.244


Artillery.


247


Miscellaneous


248


Indiana


.259


Early Settlementa.


166


Iowa ....


260


Territorial Hiatory.


173


Michigan


263


Boundary Question


177


Wisconsin


.264


Minnesota


.266


Nebraska.


267


History of Iowa :


Geographical Situation 109


Topography ....


.109


Drainage System.


.110


HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


PAGE.


Geology


.. 323


Alluvium .323


Burlington & Mt. Pleasant Plauk-


road


392


Drift


324


Coal Meaanrea


324


Poorhouse ..


393


Mount Pleasant.


.602


City Government


604


City Officera to Present Time ... 610 Business Directory, 1846 ......... 513 Insurance and Manufacturing, 514 Agricultural Society,. .514 Patrona of Huabaudry 516


Secret Societies ... .515


City lostitutions.


516


Poorhouse.


Churches.


616


.517


Advent of the. White Man 361 County Schoola. .433


Settlement of the County. .366 Insane Aaylum. 434


Firat Settler. 368


Firat Grist-Mill. 368 Presa .. 447


Samuel Luke Howa ..


.448


First Birth. 368 Senatorial Succeaaione .. 452 First Marriage .. .368 Miller-Thompaon Conteated Elac- First Death .. .369 Mount Pleasant. 369 tion ... .457


First Election


370


War Record ...


.463


Swedesburg


552


Presley Saunders.


,375


Population.


.494


Marshall


554


Statiatics.


495


Incidenta in 1838. 377 How Pioneera Lived .383


Dairy Busineaa.


.496


Organization 388 Swine Culture 501


PAGE.


PAGE.


History of Iowa :


Rivers.


.111


Inagne Hospitals.


195


Lakea


118


College for the Blind


197


Springs


.119


Prairiea.


120


Deaf and Dumb Institution ..... 199


Soldiera' Orphans' Homea ...


199


State Normal School.


.201


Geology ..


120


Climatology.


137


Diacovery and Occupation .139


Pike'a Expedition


.151


Indian Wars ..


162


Public Schoole


218


Indian Purchase, Reaarvea and


Treaties ...


159


State Organization


.181


Growth and Progress


.185


Agricultural Collage and Farm.186


State University.


187


State Historical Society


193


Penitentiariea ...


.194


PAGE.


Early Seasion Lawa.


.. 388


Sheep Culture.


501.


Fruit Culture.


602


Post Officea ...


.502


Burlington & Miaaouri River R.R. 394


A Fruitleaa Effort


395


District Court Recorda.


398


Probate Recorda.


.400


Marriage Records ..


.401


Origin of Prairies.


331


Physical Geography 333 Official Roster. 404


Primordial Man ... 335 Educational. 412


Iowa Wealayan University ... .414


German College .. 427


Academy of Music. 430


Howe'a Academy


430


Schoola


Female Seminary


.432


627


Ladies' Library Association.


Museum ....


.834


.. 532


Manufacturing Intoreats. .....


... 535 New London. 544 Trenton.


.647


Roma. 649 Lowell 650 Winfield. 651


Hillaborough


.656


Oakland


655


Concretionary Limestone


325


Geode Bed


.326


Keokuk Limastona


.. 32G


.327


Economical Geology


History of Iowa:


Aaylum for Feeble Minded


Children.


201


Territory


.147


Indian8 ...


.147


Reform School.


202


Fiah Hatchiog Establishment .. 203


Public Lande


204


Preaant Condition of the North- west 86


Promotions from Iowa Reg-


iments


249


Number Casualties-Officers.250


Number Casualties-Ealiat-


od Men ..


.. 252


Number Volunteera.


254


Population ...


255


Agricultural Statiatics


.320


PAGE.


Indian Occupancy .. 336 Sacs and Foxea. .. 337 Keokuk 337 Black Hawk .. 344 Wapello and Others .. .. 352


Reform School for Girls. 442 Salem 636


CONTENTS.


ILLUSTRATIONS.


PAGE.


Month of the Miasiasippi.


21


Source of the Miaaissippi 21


Wild Prairie .. 23


La Salle Landing on the Shore of Graan Bay. 25


Buffalo Hunt 27


29


Hunting


32


Iroquoia Chief. 34 Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43


Indiaos Attacking Frontiersmen ..


56


A Prairie Storm.


59 |


A Pionaer Dwelling ..


61


Breaking Prairie ... 63


Tacnmash, the Shawanoe Chiaftain 69 Indiana Attacking a Stockada. 72 Davenport, Iowa 9]


Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain ..... 75 Chicago in 1833. 95 Big Eagle 80 Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98


Prosant Sita Laka Streat Bridga,


Chicago, 1833 ..


98


A Representativa Pionear.


86


Ruiua of Chicago ..


.104


Lincoln Monnmant.


87


View of the City of Chicago.


106


A Pionear School Honaa.


88


Hunting Prairie Wolvea.


268


HENRY COUNTY VOLUNTEERS.


Infantry: PAGE. | Infantry. PAGE. PAGE.


First


.465


Forty-fifth 480


Firat Infantry, A. D.


.. 491


Sixth.


466


Cavalry:


Elaventh.


467


First


481


Firat Battery Light Artillary .. 491


Fourteenth


469


Fourth


Nineteenth ..


.473


483


Fourth Battery Light Artillery .. 491.


Eighth


.490


Seventeenth


.473


Engineers Regiment of the Weat ..... 491


Ninth


.491


Miscalladaoua.


.. 492


Twanty-fifth


.475


BIOGRAPHICAL TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.


PAGE.


640


Mount Pleasant City 457


Canaan


.. 645


Marion


.. 616


Center


.489


New London


649


Jackaon


632


Tippecanoe


609


Wayne


628


LITHOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


Drayar, John B 279


Howe, Samuel L., Prof.


261


Tiffany, P. C.


.371


Edwards, M. L ..


421


Nawbold, J. G.


.. 539


Woolson, T. W.


.505


Eshelman, Ranheu 523


Porter, A. B ..


471


Woolaon, John S.


573


Grean, J. C ..


.607


Randey, Mark


.439


Whiting, T.


.321


ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Adoption of Children. .303


Billa of Exchange and Promissory Notaa 293 Commercial Terma .305


Capital Punishment.


.. 298


Charitable, Scientific and Religions


Associations.


.. 316


Dascent


293


Notea.


.306, 313


Orders .. .306


Quit Claim Daad. .315


Receipts ..


.306


.. 309


Willa and Codicile


Warranty Deed.


.314


Fencas


300


Intarest ..


293


Intoxicating Liquore.


.. 317


Wolt Scalpa.


.300


MISCELLANEOUS.


PAGE.


Map of Henry County. .Front. Constitution of United Statea ......... 269


United States Government Land


Population of the United States ..... 291


TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN PROPER PLACES.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Blog. of Pater Stuck


.......


... 667


PAGE.


Biog. of Theron Webb Woolson ..... 660 | Biog. of Col. Samuel McFarland ... 665


PAGE. Surveyor'a Maasura . 288 How to Keep Accounta 288 Vota for President, Governor and Intereat Tabla .. 289 Congressman ... 283 Practical Rnlea for Every-Day Uaa .. 284


Forma: PAGE.


Chattel Mortgage.


.. 314


Jurors


297


Limitation of Actione ..


.297


Confaasion of Judgment


.306


Landlord and Tenant.


.304


Laasa.


.312


Married Woman.


298


Mortgagea.


.310


Marks and Brands


.. 300


Notice to Quit. .. 309 Mechanics' Lians. 301


Damages from Traspasa .. 300 Examptioos from Exacution .. 298


Eatraya 299 Forma: Articles of Agraamant .. 307 Billa of Sala .308 Bond for Deed .315


Billa of Purchasa .306 Jurisdiction of Courts 297


PAGE.


PAGE.


Baltimora


PAOF.


PAGE.


Trønton. ..... ....


.603


Salem


.497


Scott


.636


Jaffarsou


622 |


PAGE.


·PAGE. 94 Pionears' First Winter ..... Great Iron Bridge of C., R. I. & P. R. R., Crossing the Missieaippi at


Trapping


Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 Kinzie House 85


Artillery :


Roada and Bridgea


302


Surveyors and Survaya ..


303


Suggestiona to Peraona Purchasing


Booke by Subacription


.319


Support of Poor


.303


Taxea ...


295


Willa and Eatatcs


293


Waighte and Maauraa


305


PAGE.


Population of Fifty Principal Citias


of the Unitad Stataa ...


.. 291


Miscallanaoue Tahle ...


.289


Population and Area of tha United


Names of the Stataa of the Union


and their Significations.


.290


Statea.


.. 292


Population of tha Principal Conu-


tries in the World.


292


Measure.


.287


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NEW LONDON


19


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NEW LONDON


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SALEMI


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23


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29


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29


TOWN 70 NORTH.


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TOWN 71 NORTH


JE


VAN BUREN CO.


32


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WAYNE


20


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22


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24


19


20


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24


TOWN 73 NORTH


LOUISA


32


5


31


32


33


34


35


36


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TRENTON


2


6


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4


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17


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BE


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27


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Wayne Po.


MARSHALL


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TOWN 72 NORTH


---


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.


When the North western Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the "New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern Territory."


In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States.


Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe.


For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States.


(19)


20


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


EARLY EXPLORATIONS.


In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of tliese discoveries.


In 1616, four years before the pilgrims "moored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result ; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the North west. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.


During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied -as all others did then-that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


21


MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI,


SOURCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI.


22


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking.


On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of the Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of


23


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand "reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors.


THE WILD PRAIRIE.


On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course


24


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, " did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery-one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream-going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan-he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefully passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette.


While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin.


After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages-a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized.


LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev .-


25


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans" of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors,


LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY.


started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men-thirty working men and three monks-and started again upon his great undertaking.


By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, "Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. "Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment


-


26


1


THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.


no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort " Crevecoeur " (broken-heart), a name expressive of the very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered.


While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown ronte, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Cana da, and set out again for the object of his search.


Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and "saw some charming prairies." Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony




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