USA > Iowa > An illustrated history of the state of Iowa, being a complete civil, political, and military history of the state, from its first exploration down to 1875; > Part 27
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The democratic and liberal republicans nominated the follow- ing ticket : for secretary of state, David Morgan ; auditor, Joseph M. King ; treasurer, Henry C. Hargis ; register of land office, Robert H. Rodearmel ; attorney general, John H. Keatley ; clerk of the supreme court, George W. Ball ; reporter of supreme court, James M. Weart.
At the election which took place on the 13th of October, the republican ticket was elected. The whole number of votes cast for secretary of state was 185,937, of which Mr. Young received 107,340 votes, and Mr. Morgan 78,597 ; Mr. Young's majority being 28,743. The remainder of the republican candidates were elected by nearly a similar vote. The republican candidates for congress, viz: G. W. McCrary, J. Q. Tufts, C. T. Granger, H. O. Pratt, Jas. Wilson, E. S. Sampson, John A. Kasson, were also elected. The election in 1875 for state officers was unusually interesting and enthusiastic.
The republican state convention was held in Des Moines, June 30th, and Samuel J. Kirkwood nominated for governor ; Joshua G. Newbold for lieutenant governor ; Austin Adams for judge of the supreme court ; Alonzo Abernethy for superintendent of pub- lic instruction. The democratic state convention was held in the same city, June 24, 1875 ; nominated Shepherd Leffler for governor ; E. B. Woodward for lieutenant governor ; W. J. Knight for judge of the supreme court ; A. R. Wright for superintendent of public in- struction. Wright declined, and the democratic state central com- mittee put on in his place Isaiah Doane. The official vote of the state will be canvassed by the executive council for judge of su- preme court and superintendent of public instruction, on Thursday November 11, 1875, but the vote for governor and lieutenant gov- ernor will not be canvassed until next January, 1876, by the gen- eral assembly. The election resulted in a great victory for the re- publicans. The aggregate vote was about 218,900, some eleven or twelve thousand greater than ever before, the highest previous
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vote being that of 1872; and Gov. Kirkwood receives the largest vote ever given for a candidate for governor of Iowa; he has a majority of over 31,000.
[We close the legislative history November, 1875 .- C. R. TUTTLE.]
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CHAPTER XLIII.
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY OF IOWA.
Territorial Officers- State Officers - Members of Congress from the Organ- ization of the Civil Government to the Present Time, 1875.
WHEN IOWA was erected into a separate territory in 1838, Robert Lucas was appointed governor of the new territory by President Van Buren. He was succeeded by John Chambers, who received his appointment from President Harrison, and served four years, and until succeeded by James Clark, appointed by President Polk in November, 1845, who held the office till December 31, 1846, when the state government went into opera- tion with Ansel Briggs as governor, who served as such until December, 1850, one term; the terms of office of the governors, under the former constitution, being for four years. He was succeeded by Stephen Hempstead, who served one term, ending December, 1854. The next was James W. Grimes, who served as governor from December, 1854, to January, 1858. During this official term another constitution of the state was adopted, which reduced the term of governor from four to two years, making it begin on the second Monday in January of the even years, and shortening, by about one year, Gov. Grimes' guberna- torial career, which came to a close in January, 1858. Ralph P. Lowe was the first governor under the new constitution, and served one term, ending January, 1860. He was succeeded by Samuel J. Kirkwood, who was the first executive of Iowa hon- ored by a reelection, an innovation which has thus far been con- tinued to his successors. Gov. Kirkwood's second term closed iu January, 1864, and he was followed by William M. Stone, who also served as governor two terms, ending January, 1868, when he was succeeded by Samuel Merrill, whose term expired in January, 1870, and was reelected and served to January, 1872. (374)
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Cyrus C. Carpenter was his successor, and served two terms until January, 1876, to be followed by Samuel J. Kirkwood, who had served two terms as governor, from 1860 to 1864. His third term will expire January, 1878.
It will be seen that Iowa, since she has become a separate ter- ritory, has had eleven executives- three territorial governors, during a period of seven years and a half, ending December 31, 1846 ; three state governors under the old constitution, acting during a period of eleven years, ending January, 1858 : and five state governors under the second constitution, acting during a period of eighteen years to be completed January, 1876.
The following named persons were territorial officers :
Secretary - Wm. B. Conway, appointed 1838, died in office Nov., 1839; James Clark, appointed 1839; O. H. W. Steele, appointed 1841 ; Sam'l J. Burr, appointed 1843; Jesse Williams, appointed 1845.
Auditor - Jesse Williams appointed Jan. 14, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, appointed Jan. 23, 1843, reappointed Feb. 27, 1844 ; Robert Secrest, appointed 1845.
Treasurer - Thornton Bayless, appointed Jan. 23, 1839; Mor- gan Reno, appointed 1840.
Agent - Jesse Williams, appointed Jan. 15, 1841; John M. Coleman, appointed 1842, reappointed Feb. 15, 1843, and Feb. 12, 1844 ; Anson Hart, appointed 1844 or 1845.
Superintendent of Public Instruction - William Reynolds, ap- pointed 1841.
Supreme Court - Chas. Mason, chief justice, 1838-1846 ; Joseph Williams, associate, 1838-1846; Thomas S. Wilson, associate, 1838-1846.
Delegates to Congress - Wm. W. Chapman, in 25th and 26th congresses ; Francis Gehon, elected 1839, but did not serve; Au- gustus C. Dodge in 27th, 28th and 29th congresses.
The following persons have held offices under the state gov. ernment :
Governors - Previously referred to.
Lieutenant Governors-Oran Faville; Nicholas Rusch ; John R. Needham ; Enoch W. Eastman ; Benj. F. Gue ; John Scott Madison M. Walden ; Henry C. Bullis ; Joseph Dysart.
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TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF IOWA.
Secretary of State- Elisha Cutler, Jr. ; Josiah H. Bonney ; Geo. W. McCleary, three terms ; Elijah Sells, three terms ; James Wright, two terms; Ed. Wright, three terms; J. T. Young.
Auditor of State- Joseph T. Fales, two terms ; William Pattee, two terms ; Andrew J. Stevens, John Pattee, two terms additional ; Jona. W. Cattell, three terms; John A. Elliott, three terms ; John Russell.
State Treasurer - Morgan Reno, two terms ; Israel Kister ; Mar- tin L. Morris, three terms; John W. Jones, two terms ; Wm. H, Holmes, two terms ; Sam. E. Rankin, two terms; Wm. Christy ..
Superintendent of Public Instruction -Jas. Harlan ; Thos. H. Benton, Jr., two terms; J. D. Eads ; Joseph C. Stone ; M. L. Fisher. Office abolished.
Secretary of Board of Education - Josiah T. Tubby, T. H. Ben- ton, jr., three terms ; Oran Faville. Office abolished.
Superintendent of Public Instruction - Oran Faville, two terms ; D. Franklin Wells, two terms; A. S. Kissell ; A. Abernethy.
Register of State Land Office - Anson Hart ; Theo. S. Parvin ; Amos B. Miller, two terms ; Edwin Mitchell ; Josiah A. Harvey, two terms ; C. C. Carpenter, two terms ; Aaron Brown.
Chief Justice Supreme Court-Chas. Mason ; Jos. Williams ; S. Clinton Hastings ; Joseph Williams ; Geo. G. Wright ; Ralph P. Howe; Caleb Baldwin; Geo. G. Wright; Ralph P. Howe ; John F. Dillon ; Wm. E. Miller.
Associate Judges -Jos. Williams; Thos. S. Wilson ; J. F. Kinney ; Geo. Green ; Jona. C. Hall; W. G. Woodward; N. W. Isbell ; I. C. Stockton ; Caleb Baldwin ; Geo. G. Wright, R. P. Howe ; J. F. Dillon ; C. C. Cole ; J. M. Bech ; W. E. Miller; J. G. Day.
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
XXIX Congress-1846 to 1847.
Senators - First general assembly failed to elect.
Representatives-S. Clinton Hastings, Muscatine ; Shepherd Leffler, Burlington.
XXX Congress - 1847 to 1849.
Senators-Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington, elected December 7, 1848; George W. Jones, Dubuque, elected December 7, 1848.
Representatives -1st dist., William Thompson, Mt. Pleasant; 2d dist., Shepherd Leffler, Burlington.
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CROSSCUP & WEST-SC.PHIL A.
yours Truly 6.6 . Wilson
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XXXI Congress-1849 to 1851.
Senators -George W. Jones, Dubuque; Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington, reelected January 10, 1849.
Representatives - 1st dist., first session, William Thompson, Mt. Pleasant, unseated by the house of representatives on a contest, and the election remanded to the people ; 1st dist., second session, Daniel F. Miller, Fort Madison, elected September 4, 1850; 2d dist., Shepherd Leffler, Burlington.
XXXII Congress -1851 to 1853.
Senators - George W. Jones, Dubuque ; Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington.
Representatives - 1st dist., Bernhart Henn, Fairfield ; 2d dist., Lincoln Clark, Dubuque.
XXXIII Congress -1853 to 1855.
Senators - Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington ; George W. Jones, Dubuque, reelected December 21, 1852.
Representatives - 1st dist., Bernhart Henn, Fairfield ; 2d dist., John P. Cook, Davenport.
XXXIV Congress - 1855 to 1857.
Senators - George W. Jones, Dubuque; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, elected January 6, 1855, and January 17, 1857 .*
Representatives - 1st dist., Augustus Hall, Keosauqua ; 2d dist., James Thorington, Davenport.
XXXV Congress-1857 to 1859.
Senators - George W. Jones, Dubuque ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant.
Representatives - 1st dist., Samuel R. Curtis, Keokuk ; 2d dist., Timothy Davis, Elkader.
XXXVI Congress-1859 to 1861.
Senators - James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant ; James W. Grimes, Burlington, elected January 26, 1858.
Representatives - 1st dist., Samuel R. Curtis, Keokuk ; 2d dist., William Vandever, Dubuque.
XXXVII Congress-1861 to 1863.
Senators - James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, reelected January 11, 1860 ; James W. Grimes, Burlington.
* Election declared illegal by the U. S. Senate, January 12, 1857; again elected as above.
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Representatives - 1st dist., first session, Samuel R. Curtis, Keokuk ;* 1st dist., second and third sessions, James F. Wilson, Fairfield, elected October 8, 1861; 2d dist., William Vandever, Dubuque.
XXXVIII Congress-1863 to 1865.
Senators - James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant ; James W. Grimes, Burlington.
Representatives - 1st dist., James F. Wilson, Fairfield ; 2d dist., Hiram Price, Davenport ; 3d dist., William B. Allison, Dubuque ; 4th dist., Josiah B. Grinnell, Grinnell ; 5th dist., John A. Kasson, Des Moines ; 6th dist., Asahel W. Hubbard, Sioux City.
XXXIX Congress - 1865 to 1867.
Senators -James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant ; } James W. Grimes, Burlington ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City, elected January 13, 1866.
Representatives - 1st dist., James F. Wilson, Fairfield ; 2d dist., Hiram Price, Davenport ; 3d dist., William B. Allison, Dubuque ; 4th dist., Josiah B. Grinnell, Grinnell; 5th dist., John A. Kasson, Des Moines ; 6th dist., Asabel W. Hubbard, Sioux City.
XL Congress - 1867 to 1869.
Senators - James W. Grimes, Burlington ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, elected January 13, 1866.
Representatives - 1st dist., James F. Wilson, Fairfield ; 2d dist., Hiram Price, Davenport; 3d dist., William B. Allison, Dubuque ; 4th dist., William Loughridge, Oskaloosa ; 5th dist., Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs; 6th dist., Asahel W. Hubbard, Sioux City.
XLI Congress-1869 to 1871.
Senators - James B. Howell, Keokuk, elected January 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by death of James W. Grimes ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, elected January 13, 1866.
Representatives - 1st dist., George W. McCrary, Keokuk ; 2d dist., William Smyth, Marion ; 3d dist., William B. Allison, Du- buque; 4th dist., William Loughridge, Oskaloosa ; 5th dist., Frank W. Palmer, Des Moines; 6th dist., Charles Pomeroy, Fort Dodge.
* Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as brigadier general, and J, F. Wilson chosen his successor.
+ Became secretary of the interior May 1, 1865, and resigned his seat in the senate. Samuel J. Kirkwood chosen his successor as above.
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XLII Congress - 1871 to 1873.
Senators - James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, elected January 13. 1866; George G. Wright, Des Moines, elected January 20, 1870.
Representatives- 1st dist., George W. McCrary, Keoknk ; 2d dist., Aylett R. Cotton, Clinton ; 3d dist., W. G. Donnan, Inde- pendence; 4th dist., Madison M. Waldon, Centerville ; 5th dist., Frank W. Palmer, Des Moines ; 6th dist., Jackson Orr, Boonsboro.
XLIII Congress - 1873 to 1875.
Senators - George G. Wright, Des Moines, elected January 20, 1870 ; William B. Allison, Dubuque, elected January 18, 1872 ; term of office commenced March 4, 1873, ends March 4, 1879.
Representatives- 1st dist., George W. McCrary, Keokuk ; 2d dist., Aylett R. Cotton, Clinton ; 3d dist., William Donnan, Inde- pendence; 4th dist., Henry O. Pratt, Charles City ; 5th dist., James Wilson, Traer, Tama county ; 6th dist., William Lough- ridge, Oskaloosa ; 7th dist., John A. Kasson, Des Moines ; 8th dist., James W. McDill, Afton ; 9th dist., Jackson Orr, Boons- boro.
XLIV Congress - 1875 to 1877.
Senators - George G. Wright, Des Moines, elected January 20. 1870 ; term expires March 4, 1877 ; William B. Allison, Dubuque, elected January 18, 1872, term of office expires March 4, 1878.
Representatives - 1st dist., George W. McCrary, Keokuk ; 2d dist., John Q. Tufts, Tipton ; 3d dist., L. L. Ainsworth, West Union ; 4th dist., Henry O. Pratt., Charles City ; 5th dist., James Wilson, Traer. Tama county ; 6th dist., Ezekiel S. Sampson, Sig- ouruey ; 7th dist., John A. Kasson, Des Moines ; 8th dist., James W. McDill, Afton ; 9th dist., Addison Oliver, Onawa.
Inasmuch as this history will close in November, 1875, it will of course be impossible to refer to events, beyond that date. The election that took place in October was a spirited one, and resulted as before stated, in the election of the republican state ticket.
In treating of the public events of the territorial and state gov- ernments, it has been the design of the author, to give an unbiased account of public occurrences and measures of public policy. The time has not arrived for a writer on the history of this state, to give his own views on these matters freely, without giving more or less offense. Parties are still on the field of action who came
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OFFICIAL DIRECTORY OF IOWA.
to the state in the early days and took an active part in the politi- cal history of the territory and state. They were honest and de- cided in their convictions whether right or wrong, and it would be manifestly unjust to these worthy men to say aught to their discredit. The future historian will be better prepared to write what is here unwritten in this regard.
The information contained in this volume has been collected from original documents and authorities, and other sources of re- liable information. The annals of Iowa published by the state historical society have furnished much valuable material, and particularly the series of articles on the early history written by the late Hon. Charles Negus of Fairfield. Hon. Willard Bar- rows' history of Scott county published in this work, has been re- ferred to, as well as " Wilkie's history of Davenport," and kin- dred publications; and it is believed that what is herein stated is in all respects true, or if there are errors, they will not be found important.
CHAPTER XLIV.
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
Iowa State Capital - State Agricultural Society - Agricultural College - The State Prison.
THE PERMANENT location of the capital of the state of Iowa was not fixed until a very late date. The first session of the legislature was held at Burlington, and, as we have before mentioned, convened in a two story frame house, built expressly for the purpose by Jeremiah Smith, Jr., a member of the legisla- tive council. This building, in the following winter, was burned to the ground, and the legislature thereafter met in the Methodist Episcopal church, then called "Old Zion Church." Congress provided, in the organic act, the sum of $20,000 for the purpose of erecting public buildings for the use of the territorial govern- ment. Accordingly, on the 21st of January, 1839, three commis- sioners were appointed, viz., Chauncey Swan, Robert Ralston and John Reynolds, to select a site for the capital within the limits of Johnson county. They were instructed to lay out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City. They were also to proceed to sell lots and to erect public buildings thereon.
The town was accordingly laid out on the 16th of August, 1839. The territorial legislature, at its second session, passed a law confining the commissioners to an expenditure of $51,000. The work on the buildings progressed, and the fourth legislature met at Iowa City on the 6th of December, 1841, as mentioned in our legislative history. But this session could not be accommo- dated with the new capitol, but rather the legislature met in a temporary frame building, erected for the purpose. On the 5th day of December, 1842, the new capitol having been sufficiently
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AN CROSSCUP & WEST-SCFHILA.
Warren S. Jungaw.
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TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF IOWA.
completed, the legislative assembly convened in the building. A detailed sketch of the building of the first territorial capitol has already been given.
As already stated, Iowa was admitted into the union on the 28th of December, 1846, and at the first session of the state legis- lature the state treasurer reported the capitol building in an un- safe condition. At this time the sum of $2,500 was voted to complete the building. No sooner was the southern and western boundary of the state determined than a question arose as to the propriety of relocating the capital. The first general assembly accordingly appointed commissioners to locate the seat of govern- ment and to select five sections of land, being the amount granted by congress for the erection of public buildings. The same act granted the half-completed public buildings at Iowa City to the newly created state university, to be used, nevertheless, by the legislature and state officers until other buildings could be erected. These commissioners selected four sections and over, in Jasper county. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of lots took place, and over four hundred were dis- posed of at very low prices. The cash payment of one-fourth, however, yielded, $1,797.43, but the claims of the commissioners and the expenses of the sale exceeded this amount several hun- dred dollars.
This selection and sale was not satisfactory to the government, and Monroe City was thrown aside as the seat of government, and further appropriations were made to the public buildings at Iowa City. But this did not settle the question of the permanent seat of government. In 1851, bills were introduced to remove the capital to Pella, and to Fort Des Moines.
The measure in favor of the latter point received general sup- port, but was defeated iu both houses. But the effort was re- sumed at the next session, with good results. On the 15th of January, 1855, the governor approved the bill relocating the seat of government within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines river, and providing for the appointment of commission- ers for that purpose. The site for the capital was selected in 1856. Buildings were erected for the temporary occupation of the government by private capital, and Gov. Grimes issued his
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proclamation convening the legislature at Des Moines, and de- claring that place to be the capital of the state.
During the fall and winter the archives were removed to Des Moines. On the 11th of January, 1858, the seventh general as- sembly convened at Des Moines. The buildings crected at Des Moines were soon considered inadequate to the wants of the gov- ernment, and in 1870 the legislature took steps looking to a new capitol. The board of commissioners consisted of Gov. Samuel Merrill, president, ex officio, G. M. Dodge, James F. Wilson, James Dawson, S. G. Stein, J. O. Crosby, Charles Dudley, J. N. Dewey, W. L. Joy, A. R. Fulton. The act provides for a first class capitol building in every particular. The initial sum appro- priated was $100,000. Designs were furnished, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the corner stone was laid with imposing cer- emonies. The work of construction has progressed finely and the basement and walls are now completed.
The state agricultural society, organized in 1864, is worthy of special mention. The Hon. Thomas Cloggett, of Keokuk, was its first president. The first meeting of the society was held in 1854, at Fairfield, and since that time it has received due en- couragement and support. " The law provides an appropria- tion of one thousand dollars annually for the benefit of the soci- ety, to be paid by the auditor of state upon the order of the president of the society. It also provides that a meeting shall be held at the capital of the state on the second Wednesday of January in each year, at which the directors and officers shall be chosen, the place for holding the next annual exhi- bition determined, premiums on essays and field crops awarded, and all questions relating to the agricultural development of the state considered. The premium list and rules of exhibition are required to be determined and published by the board of directors prior to the first of April in each year, and the board of directors are to make an annual report to the governor, embracing the proceedings of the society and board of directors for the past year, an abstract of the proceedings of the several county societies, and a general view of the condition of agriculture throughout the state, accompanied by such essays, statements and recommenda- tions as they may deem interesting and useful ; the report to be
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published by the state under the supervision of the secretary of the society. The secretary of state is required to distribute the reports as follows : Ten copies to the state university, ten to the state library, ten to the state agricultural college, one to each member of the general assembly, and the remainder to the secre- tary of the state agricultural society, by him to be distributed to the county agricultural societies ; and one copy shall be sent to the board of supervisors of each organized county in which there is an agricultural society." *
The general assembly, in 1858, provides by act for the Iowa state agricultural college and farm. "A board of trustees was appointed consisting of ex.Gov. R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, Wm. Duane Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin, and E. G. Day. The board met in June, 1859. Propositions were received from Hardin, Polk, Story, Marshall, Jefferson, and Tama counties, for the location of the college and farm. A selection was made at the next meeting in July, when the proposition of Story and Boone counties was accepted, and the farm and site for the buildings located accordingly." The offer made by Story county and some of its citizens, and by the citizens of Boone county, embraced $10,000 of county bonds which had been voted by Story county, nearly $4,000 in individual notes at ten per cent. interest from the date of location, payable in two years, and a thousand acres of unimproved land in Story and Boone counties, in the vicinity of the farm.
The lands are dry and rolling prairie of excellent quality, with about 150 acres of timber, a never failing spring in the center of the farm, a good stone quarry near by, and plenty of clay for the manufacture of brick. The farm house and barn were erected in 1860-61. In 1864, the general assembly made an appropriation of $20,000 for the erection of the college building. In June of that year the building committee, consisting of Suel Foster, Peter Melendy, and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished
* From a sketch by W. W. CLAYTON, in Capt. Andreas' celebrated Iowa state atlas.
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the plans of the building, but was superceded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 appropriated by the general assembly were expended in putting in the foundations and mak- ing the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868."
This educational institution is an important help to the vast agricultural interests of the state, and is growing into greater use- fulness annually. It is largely patronized, and is exceeding the hopes of its earliest supporters. The management of the college is under an efficient board of trustees, " no two of whom are elected from the same congressional district, and who receive a compen- sation of five dollars a day for each day actually spent in the dis- charge of their duties. Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the state over sixteen years of age, who have been residents of the state six months previous to their ad mission. Each county in the state has a prior right of tuition for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the college, are by the trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the population, and subject to the above rule. All sales of ardent spirits, wine or beer, are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes."
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